What appliance do you cook on? And will your next house likely have one?LG Electronics USAThe wildfires devastating lives, livelihoods and properties in Los Angeles are also creating unprecedented levels of smoke and ash across the region. According to the California Air Resources Board, which monitors and regulates the states air quality, communities more than 10 miles away from the Palisades and Eaton blazes are experiencing red levels of hazardous fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air theyre breathing. This same pollutant is generated in our kitchens every time we switch on our gas stoves and cooktops.Health Risks of Gas Cooking AppliancesChildren are at greatest risk due to the fact that their lungs are still developing, as are those with chronic respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, says MeiLan Han, MD, chief of University of Michigan Healths pulmonary and critical care division.Awareness by the scientific community of health risks associated with gas cooking technology is not new, Han says, especially when it comes to her discipline. There is data dating back to the late 1980s and early 1990s suggesting gas stoves could impair respiratory health. Thats about a half century since the American Gas Association created its catchy Now youre cooking with gas! ads.This awareness among both the health profession and health-conscious consumers has increased in the last few decades. There is more recent data to suggest indoor air pollution from gas stoves may increase mortality due to cardiovascular disease, Han adds. There was also a 2023 study by the University of California San Diego linking PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide, also released by gas burners, with cognitive impairment, Alzheimers and related dementias.The negative human health impacts of indoor air pollution from gas are pretty compelling, ranging from eye, nose and throat irritation, headache, fatigue, cardiovascular and respiratory disease, cancer, adverse pregnancy outcomes, asthma, visual impairment, reduced cognitive functioning, the inability to perform complex tasks, nausea, loss of consciousness, and even death, says Los Angeles area consultant Jennifer Berthelot-Jelovic, who advises builders and developers on wellness and sustainability for their projects. She has seen a major shift in recent years as builders and homeowners began focusing on the health issues surrounding their homes. Covid accelerated this trend, I can add.MORE FOR YOUIve had gas stoves my entire life and never had a problem is a common response to recent warnings about their health risks. Han notes that there are many factors affecting personal impact, including the stove itself, ventilation and exposure time as well as underlying conditions that all influence how much impact a gas stove will have on the health of any particular individual.Cooking Appliance MarketThe North America cooking range market size was estimated at $10.86 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 7.8% from 2024 to 2030, according to Grandview Research. Gas still dominates the category, with 46.09% revenue share in 2023, the firm reports, but the induction segment is projected to grow at the fastest rate of 10.1% CAGRE in the next five years.While U.S. consumer adoption of induction cooking may have been slower than in other markets, LG has seen an increase in the adoption of induction cooking ranges over the past three years, with the industry shipments expected to double over the next two years, says Dean Brindle, head of home appliance product management for LG Electronics USA.Northern New Jersey-based kitchen and bath designer Sharon Sherman is seeing this trend in her practice too, she shares. Although I have known about induction for more than 20 years, it has taken off in the last five or so years. Eight of the last 10 kitchens I designed have had induction appliances. I think that the biggest change is that the clients are asking for induction, rather than me making the introduction to the cooking method.Concerns about the safety of gas stoves have prompted homeowners to seek alternatives, leading to a surge in interest in induction, Grandview adds. Federal incentives from the Inflation Reduction Act and local gas bans have also spurred induction sales, though many local regulations have been overturned by lawsuits.With continued interest in electrification and incentives in some states, we expect to see increased household penetration for induction cooking. Regardless of potential policy changes, consumer benefits will ultimately lead to increased adoption of induction, Brindle predicts.In addition to gas industry pushback against electrification policies of the sustainability movement has been a vocal and viral public square response. Those who love their gas cooking appliances or just dislike government intervention have posted virally on social media that you would never get past their kitchen pass-throughs. Whats regrettably lost in the regulatory and cultural food fights are the many benefits that induction technology can bring to a home, benefits that exceed those of gas cooking methods.Induction BenefitsAt the beginning of 2024, the International WELL Building Institute expanded its WELL standards for commercial spaces to single family homes. Jelovic served on the programs advisory panel. WELL for residential aligns with WELLs Air Quality Monitoring and Indoor Air Quality Testing features. The monitoring assures homeowners that the air theyre breathing is healthy and safe. She sees induction as the superior cooking technology, even beyond its abundant health benefits.Pittsburgh area chef and kitchen consultant Christopher Galarza agrees, reeling off its many advantages: Its faster meaning I can cook nearly twice as much food as gas [at the same time]. Its far more precise than gas, staying to within one degree of whatever temperature I set it to. That makes it easier for him to maintain consistent high standards in the meals he prepares, he says.Its much more energy efficient, he adds, with more than 90% of its heat going directly into the pot or pan, rather than heating up the room. By using induction, rather than gas, Im now able to ensure that my dollar is going further in regard to how much food I can produce, Galarza comments.One of my favorites from the chefs list: Its easier to clean, requiring only hot soapy water and 60 seconds of your time. With gas that isnt the case, he observes, providing a 10-point cleaning checklist for gas burners. This can take upwards of 30 minutes to do it correctly.Last but not least, Galarza comments that induction cooktops keep kitchens cooler. Thats less of an issue for a home chef with four or six burners, but spending less on your electric bill is always welcome. So is not being uncomfortably hot while cooking in the summer months. Sherman points out an additional benefit: The lack of open flame is a plus if children or elder family members are using the kitchen.Brindle cites another benefit: Consumers also benefit from an added safety element, as the cooktop remains cool immediately after use.One final benefit Sherman shares: In many states, large gas cooktops require larger exhaust fans, which need bigger ducting. Once the CFM (cubic feet of air per minute) increases above 400, you must install makeup air, which can be very expensive. I have had to upgrade systems to accommodate the make-up air, she recalls, noting that Induction tops can work with a lower CFM blower. This can lower the cost of a replacement or kitchen remodel.Gas BenefitsGalarza sees the main benefit of gas appliances over induction being their lower price tag. There is an upfront cost to this technology and that needs to be addressed. (He does predict that those costs will come down as more models hit the market. More homes built for electrification will also drop the cost, eliminating the need for boosted ducting and possibly expanded electrical panels.)Electrical grid shutdowns are another concern for buyers, one that may be growing with more natural disasters occurring across the country. Shermans clients want to know: If there is a power outage, how will they cook? That issue is being resolved with most clients installing whole home generators, problem solved, she remarks. (Battery storage for solar systems is another resilience strategy.)Final ThoughtsJust as cars have replaced horse-drawn carriages for most travelers and email has replaced telegraphs for most messaging, the more energy-efficient, faster, healthier and more precise induction cooking appliances are likely to largely replace gas models in coming years. It may not be as fast as sustainability advocates or the medical profession would prefer, but its probably inevitable. As one of my building industry sources once remarked in a trade magazine article I wrote about indoor air quality, No one wants a house that will kill them.Designer Sherman adds this testimonial, I have not had one client who has regretted the move to induction from gas.***Note: All primary sources were interviewed by email in November 2024 through January 2025.

What just happened? Ross Ulbricht, the founder of the once-infamous dark web drug marketplace Silk Road, has been given a full pardon by President Donald Trump. Ulbricht, 40, had been serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole since being sentenced in 2015, and has been behind bars since 2013. In a post on his Truth Social network, Trump wrote, "The scum that worked to convict him were some of the same lunatics who were involved in the modern day weaponization of government against me. He was given two life sentences, plus 40 years. Ridiculous."Trump said he called Ulbricht's mother to let her know that he was signing the pardon in honor of her and the Libertarian Movement, which he said had supported the president strongly."Ross Ulbricht has been a libertarian political prisoner for more than a decade. I'm proud to say that saving his life has been one of our top priorities and that has finally paid off," said Angela McArdle, the chair of the Libertarian National Committee.Launched in February 2011, Silk Road, which used the Tor network, grew into an enormous drug market worth $1.2 billion. Its size and the money it generated, via Bitcoin payments, put Silk Road on the radar of law enforcement, which began a search to uncover The Dread Pirate Roberts's identity. The name taken from The Princess Bride book/movie was used by Ulbricht while running his business empire.Prosecutors said Ulbricht collected $18 million in Bitcoin through commissions during the three years he ran Silk Road. It's estimated that around 30% of the marketplace's one million registered users were based in the US. // Related StoriesUlbricht was caught in 2013 and charged with computer fraud, money laundering, and drug offenses. He was also accused of hiring people to kill five Silk Road users for stealing from the site and trying to blackmail him by revealing his true identity, but no evidence of murders was found. Ulbricht was convicted after a four-week jury trial.In November, a few days after Trump was elected president, Ulbricht posted a message on X that he dictated to his wife from prison."Immense gratitude to everyone who voted for President Trump on my behalf. I trust him to honor his pledge and give me a second chance," it read.It's unclear exactly when Ulbricht will be released from the federal prison in Arizona where he is currently incarcerated.In 2020, near the end of his first term in office, it was reported that Trump could pardon Ulbricht before departing the White House. Sources said that Trump reviewed documents related to Ulbricht's case and expressed sympathy for his situation. Trump did pardon 73 people and commute the sentences of another 70 as one of his final acts, but Ulbricht was not among them.

DARPA seeks to modify red blood cells to enhance troop performance.The Red Blood Cell Factory program aims to insert biologically active components in cells.The agency says this research could one day lead to longer-lasting meds and blood-cell drug delivery systems.The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, the Pentagon's top research arm, wants to know if red blood cells can be modified in novel ways to protect troops and help them manage extreme battlefield environments.The DARPA program, known as "Red Blood Cell Factory," is looking for researchers and is interested in inserting "biologically active components" or "cargoes" in red blood cells. The hope is that modified cells would bring with them special enhancements, "thus allowing recipients, such as warfighters, to operate more effectively in dangerous or extreme environments."Red blood cells could act like a truck, carrying "cargo" or special protections, to all parts of the body, since they already circulate oxygen everywhere, Christopher Bettinger, a professor of biomedical engineering overseeing the program, told Business Insider."What if we could add in additional cargo inside of that disc," Bettinger said, referring to the shape of red blood cells, "that could then confer these interesting benefits protective capabilities that we're trying to sort of imbue to our warfighters?" US soldiers on patrol a mountain pass of Kunar province, Afghanistan's Korengal Valley U.S. Army Sgt. Matthew Moeller, 5th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment What could these modifications do?DARPA does not expect the researchers to experiment on people or animals, just on bags of blood. The research is foundational, Bettinger said, but could allow scientists to identify how red blood cell modification could evolve over time.The research could impact the way troops battle diseases that reproduce in red blood cells such as malaria, for example, Bettinger hypothesized."Imagine an alternative world where we have a warfighter that has a red blood cell that's accessorized with a compound that can sort of defeat malaria," Bettinger said. In this scenario, a red blood cell could be "accessorized" with a countermeasure."It's kind of like an automatic drug delivery system," he said, "that could then protect the warfighter from the harmful effects of subsequent infection and sort of replication of the parasite."It could also be possible to modify the red blood cells in ways that would allow medications to last longer without a service member having to ingest them daily instead, relying on doses that protect a person for weeks or months instead of just 24 hours.Another potential use of modified cells could be stopping a hemorrhage from trauma, including battlefield wounds."Trauma induces a kind of host of biological responses, one of which is rupturing of red blood cells," Bettinger said. DARPA's research efforts could ascertain from its blood research whether a catastrophic injury that would normally mean death from blood loss instead sees blood automatically coagulate. US Marines conduct a patrol out of Forward Operating Base Tabac in Sangin, Helmand province, Afghanistan Marine Corps photo by Pfc. Jason Morrison A path to a more capable warfighter"Each red blood cell stays in the blood for about four months, and it accesses pretty much every organ in the body," said Samir Mitragotri, a professor of bioengineering at Harvard. Their prevalence and relatively long lifetime are partly why red blood cells are such an attractive target for scientists.Part of the challenge, Mitragotri said, is that the cells can't be so radically changed that the body no longer recognizes them as red blood cells, thus prompting quicker bodily digestion.Such advances in bioengineering could be a game-changer in fields like infectious disease treatment and oncology, said Mitragotri, illnesses which require long periods of drug treatment. Though the science is still emerging, it's "a very promising area," he said.The Department of Defense has long been interested in learning how biomedical engineering could benefit troops.For years, the US military has been looking into the benefits of biofeedback technologies to better understand mental and physical health. And there's also been research into potential physical enhancements through various lines of effort.In 2019, for instance, the Army released a "Cyborg Soldier 2050" report detailing how the military is thinking about a future where troops could benefit from things like neural and optical enhancements, though the report acknowledged ethical and legal concerns surrounding such possibilities.US rivals like China are, as the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies noted in a new report, also exploring this space, but with less concern for ethical considerations.The Chinese People's Liberation Army "has long recognized the strategic importance of biotechnology, engaging in extensive collaborations with Chinese biotechnology behemoths," the report said. "These and other partnerships have yielded research with potential military applications, including efforts to enhance Chinese soldiers' physical and cognitive abilities."

Federal workers in DEI roles will be placed on leave by 5 p.m. Wednesday.The move follows President Donald Trump's executive order terminating DEI roles and initiatives.It's part of a wider right-wing pushback against DEI, which Trump says is discriminatory.Federal workers in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) roles are being put on paid leave as DEI initiatives, offices, and programs are dismantled under the Trump administration.CBS News obtained an Office of Personnel Management memorandum that said all federal employees in DEI roles should be placed on leave by 5 p.m. on Wednesday.Agencies are instructed to inform those in DEI offices their leave would be "effective immediately," it said, as the agency works to close DEI initiatives.The move follows an executive order signed by President Donald Trump on his first day in office, which declared the termination of DEI "mandates, policies, programs, preferences, and activities" in the federal government.The order requires agency, department, and commission heads to work with the Attorney General and the directors of the Office of Management and Budget and Office of Personnel Management to take action within 60 days.As well as the termination of DEI roles, the order also called for the termination of "environmental justice" offices.Karoline Leavitt, assistant to the president and White House press secretary, confirmed the memorandum's authenticity in an X post.She wrote: "To every reporter asking about this: I can gladly confirm!"The memo urged heads of departments and agencies to immediately take down all "outward facing media," including social media and websites, of DEI offices and cancel any related training.It also said the heads of departments and agencies need to report to the Office of Personnel Management by midday on Thursday, detailing all the steps taken to implement the memo, by providing lists of DEI offices, personnel, and any related contracts as of Election Day 2024.Additionally, the department and agency heads are asked to submit plans to the OPM by the end of the month on executive force reduction within DEI offices.Trump's executive order accused former President Joe Biden's administration of forcing "immoral discrimination programs" into "virtually all" aspects of the federal government.The move is part of a wider effort to clamp down on DEI, which has increasingly become the subject of criticism in conservative circles.On Tuesday, the White House issued a separate presidential order ending all DEI-based hiring in the Federal Aviation Authority, including those that consider race, sex, or disability.Trump said in his inauguration speech on Monday: "We will forge a society that is colorblind and merit-based."He also announced that it would become official US policy that there are "only two genders: male and female."

GTA 6's next trailer could drop next week, according to a fresh theory from Rockstar Games fans who have been playing detective yet again in the hunt for fresh informationTech09:29, 22 Jan 2025GTA 6 could hit its 2025 date, or it could be delayedGTA 6 fans still think we're getting a second trailer this month, and a new 'number theory' has fans turning detective (again) to put a date on the game's next reveal.The game which some have suggested could 'save' the video game industry (if returning president Donald Trump doesn't change that) still doesn't have a release date, but fans think we could hear a lot more next week.Here's why the GTA 6 community is circling a date on the calendar.As shared by GTA 6+ on X (formerly Twitter), the reveal of a fresh car in GTA Online has a series of numbers on the side in a column, written on a shipping container.Content cannot be displayed without consentWith Rockstar's parent company Take-Two holding its earnings call at the start of February fans have been looking for a pattern in those numbers.All of them added together make 30, and the number 2 is in a larger font, meaning some fans are expecting the trailer on January 30.That's not all, though. As GTA 6+ points out, Rockstar revealed both GTA 5 and Red Dead Redemption 2's release dates on Thursdays, and wouldn't you know it, January 30 is a Thursday.Given the earnings call on February 6 is likely to reveal something whether Rockstar wants to say anything or not, it'll be interesting to see if this fan theory is proven correct.Other theories in recent months have included plotting the phases of the moon in GTA Online, as well as a PlayStation event that didn't materialise, analysing social media posts and a mystery YouTube playlist.Article continues belowFor the latest breaking news and stories from across the globe from the Daily Star, sign up for our newsletters.RECOMMENDED

Activision is taking a different approach with Call of Duty Warzone's next season, with the studio focusing more on fixing the community's issues than adding contentTech09:26, 22 Jan 2025Warzone is one of the most popular battle royales around(Image: Activision)Call of Duty Warzone players have continued to complain about cheaters and a whole host of bugs, and it's clear Activision has heard complaints loud and clear.In a Community Update blog post for the month, the team has promised a focus on fixes instead of additional new content for the battle royale shooter in Season 2.Still, one of the community's biggest issues at the moment appears to be the current Urzikstan map.After acknowledging issues with Caldera and Al Mazrah from Warzone 1 and 2 respectively, the post above says: "Urzikstan has just been so dull from the start. And aside from the superstore update, there hasnt been any significant changes.""Its the most uninspired map Ive ever seen. I also hate how the water divides the map up. Theres zero flow to it and every poi is a cluster of buildings. Buildings are so confusing and frustrating when trying to find a contract. Colors are washed and dull," they added.Others aren't so sure, with some complaining about Caldera and its central volcano, while others preferred it thanks to its more "scenic" qualities.Many agreed that Urzikstan is lacking in style and memorable areas to explore, but there's good news on the horizon.Reports earlier this month suggested that Verdansk (the original Warzone map), is expected to return with Season 3 of Warzone.We're some time away from that, but given the poster of the Reddit discussion noted it's their favourite map, that's reason to be cheerful.Season 2 of Black Ops 6 (and Warzone) is expected on January 28 as a free update for all players. In case you missed it, players weren't best pleased about the most recent patch notes.Article continues belowFor the latest breaking news and stories from across the globe from the Daily Star, sign up for our newsletters.RECOMMENDED

MVRDV "Carbon Confessions" Exhibition in Germany Reveals the Realities of Sustainable ConstructionSave this picture!MVRDV Carbon Confessions. Image MVRDVAs the global climate crisis intensifies, the construction industry faces increasing pressure to reduce carbon emissions, prompting a fundamental reassessment of building practices. Dutch architecture firm MVRDV, known for its commitment to sustainability, presents an honest exploration of this challenge in "Carbon Confessions," an exhibition at Munich's Architekturgalerie. The exhibition provides insight into the firm's ongoing efforts, highlighting both its achievements and the obstacles encountered in the pursuit of carbon reduction.Housed within the Blumenstrae high-rise bunker, originally constructed in 1941 and home to the Architekturgalerie Mnchen since 2021, the exhibition spans three floors. Each level offers a unique perspective on MVRDV's approach to sustainable architecture. The central floor serves as the exhibition's core, featuring a 22-chapter storyline that chronicles the firm's sustainability journey. This narrative touches on various aspects, from MVRDV's early advocacy for urban density and mobility to internal initiatives such as vegetarian lunches and the establishment of The Green Dream Foundation to offset travel emissions. The exhibition also candidly addresses the firm's challenges, including an over-reliance on sustainability consultants, and showcases the role of MVRDV NEXT, a dedicated unit integrating climate-conscious strategies with technological advancements.Save this picture! If you think architects create buildings of concrete, wood, steel, and glass, it's time to think again. Carbon is the raw material that underpins them all. With this exhibition, we hope to convince people of that fundamental reality, while also being honest that it can take some time to fully understand all the implications of this paradigm shift. The sooner the construction industry starts thinking in this way, the sooner we will reach an optimistic, sustainable future. -- MVRDV founding partner Jacob van Rijs Related Article Water is Coming: DAC Opens Exhibition on Adapting to a Changing World A standout feature on this floor is a "carousel" of rotating panels, offering 22 real-world anecdotes that illustrate the complexities of achieving low-carbon design. These range from insights into systemic challenges within the industry to success stories, such as a German builder's unexpected enthusiasm for rammed earth walls. Complementing these narratives are twelve detailed "carbon cases," which provide embodied carbon calculations for various MVRDV projects using the firm's proprietary CarbonScape software. This tool, soon to be publicly available, allows for greater transparency and actionable insights into reducing the environmental impact of architectural projects.Save this picture!The second floor focuses on adaptive reuse, presenting a series of transformation projects that underscore the importance of repurposing existing buildings to minimize carbon emissions. The exhibition includes a selection of MVRDV's past and ongoing projects, alongside student work from the "Anti-Monument" course at TU Berlin. This floor also features a collection of low-carbon material samples, some of which were specifically developed for MVRDV projects. A repurposed curtain from MVRDV's Dutch Pavilion at the Taipei International Book Exhibition delineates the space, turning it into a dynamic venue for events and discussions.Save this picture!On the ground floor, MVRDV showcases its suite of digital tools designed to facilitate low-carbon design solutions. Software such as RoofScape and CarbonScape are displayed in an engaging "video campfire" setup, encouraging visitors to gather and discuss the firm's initiatives. This interactive component reflects the exhibition's broader goal: fostering dialogue among architects, industry professionals, and the public about the role of construction in addressing climate change.Save this picture!MVRDV continues to explore new approaches to sustainability, actively engaging in research and analysis to explore architectural possibilities. In other related news, the firm has recently transformed shipping containers into sports and community hubs for refugees, demonstrating its commitment to adaptable, low-carbon solutions. Additionally, MVRDV has unveiled a master plan for the redevelopment of Faneuil Gardens public housing in Boston, emphasizing community-centric design. In Germany, their latest design for a colorful office building clad in Pretty Plastic shingles showcases their approach to material innovation and environmental responsibility.Image gallerySee allShow lessAbout this authorNour FakharanyAuthorCite: Nour Fakharany. "MVRDV "Carbon Confessions" Exhibition in Germany Reveals the Realities of Sustainable Construction" 22 Jan 2025. ArchDaily. Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/1026050/mvrdv-carbon-confessions-exhibition-reveals-the-realities-of-sustainable-construction&gt ISSN 0719-8884Save!ArchDaily?You've started following your first account!Did you know?You'll now receive updates based on what you follow! Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors, offices and users.Go to my stream

The Case for Local Modernism in Cairo: Egypt's Architectural Transformation During the 1950sSave this picture!Architects at the office of Mahmoud Riad looking over a maquette of the League of Arab States Building. Image Cairo Since 1900In the heart of Cairo, amid its historic landmarks and evolving urban fabric, a distinct modernist architectural movement took shape in the 1950s and 60s. It reflected the city's response to rapid political, economic, and social changes. When it arrived, modernism in Cairo was not just an imported style but a "pragmatic response to the needs of a growing city." Architects focused on functionality, efficiency, and adapting designs to the local climate and cultural context. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt underwent significant transformations under President Gamal Abdel Nasser's leadership. In fact, the government sought to build a new national identity that reflected progress and the nation's self-sufficiency. Architecture played a crucial role in this effort, with a strong focus on modernization and development. The state invested in large-scale projects to accommodate the needs of a rapidly growing population and expanding industries. This period marked a shift from colonial-era influences toward a search for a distinct architectural identity that aligned with the political and social aspirations of the time.Unlike other cities in the Middle East, where modernist architecture was often introduced by foreign experts, Cairo's modernist landscape was shaped by local architects and engineers. According to Mohamed El Shahed's book, Cairo Since 1900, the city's modernism was based on homegrown expertise. It reflected a practical engagement with the built environment rather than a direct imitation of Western trends. From the late 1930s onward, "architects moved away from revivalist styles and began to focus more on functionality, simplicity, and the expressive use of materials such as concrete and brick." This essay explores how key modernist projects such as the Misr Insurance Buildings, Merryland Apartments, and Zamalek Tower demonstrate Cairo's approach to modern architecture. These buildings highlight how local architects adapted international modernist ideas to create structures that were both innovative and suited to the city's social and environmental conditions. These buildings demonstrate an approach that balanced functionality with cultural relevance, resulting in an architectural language that was both contemporary and rooted in local realities.Balancing Modernity and Climate Related Article The Legacy of Modernist Architecture in Tanzania: Anthony Almeida and Beda Amuli Misr Insurance Buildings (1950 and 1952, Mahmoud Riad and Sayed Karim)Save this picture!The Misr Insurance Buildings, designed by architects Mahmoud Riad and Sayed Karim in 1950 and 1952 respectively, showcase how modernist design principles were applied to meet both commercial and environmental needs. The buildings introduced a restrained and functional aesthetic, moving away from decorative revivalist styles of the past. Their faades feature brise-soleil elements, which provide shade and reduce heat gain, making them well-suited to Cairo's climate. The design also prioritizes efficiency and flexibility, with modular office spaces that could be easily adapted over time. The use of concrete and glass emphasizes the modernist ideal of structural clarity and honesty. Despite their modern appearance, the buildings remain sensitive to their surroundings, fitting within the existing urban fabric while projecting a forward-looking image. These buildings reflect the broader trend in Cairo's modernism, where functionality and climate responsiveness were key considerations in shaping the built environment. They also symbolize Egypt's post-revolution ambition to establish itself as a leader in finance and industry, with architecture serving as a visible expression of that goal.Modern Housing for a Changing SocietyMerryland Apartments (1958, Sayed Karim)Save this picture!The Merryland Apartments, completed in 1958 by modernist architect Sayed Karim, demonstrate how modernist residential architecture was adapted to address the needs of Cairo's growing middle class. The design of the complex embraces modernist principles of modularity and efficiency, with a focus on maximizing living space within a dense urban setting. The apartments feature repetitive geometric balconies, which provide shade and create a dynamic visual rhythm across the faade. Additionally, the inclusion of open spaces and landscaped areas within the development reflects an understanding of the social function of architecture. The architects aimed to provide a sense of community within the growing city, offering residents access to shared outdoor spaces and amenities. The layout also incorporates cross-ventilation strategies, ensuring that natural airflow reduces reliance on mechanical cooling systems. The Merryland Apartments represent a shift in residential architecture, where comfort and functionality were prioritized over ornamentation.Adapting Modernism to Urban DensityZamalek Tower (1958, Sayed Karim)Save this picture!Save this picture!The Zamalek Tower, designed by Sayed Karim in 1958, is an example of how modernist design was used to address the challenges of urban density. As Cairo's population grew, the need for vertical living solutions became increasingly widespread. The tower's design incorporates staggered balconies that provide both privacy and shade, while also allowing for natural ventilation. The use of reinforced concrete in the structure allowed for greater flexibility in floor planning, accommodating both residential and commercial spaces within a single high-rise building. The tower's rooftop terraces provided additional outdoor space, an important feature in a densely populated city. As a solution to Cairo's housing needs, the project demonstrates how architects of the time embraced high-rise construction.Modernism and Cultural IdentitySaint Catherine's Church (1950, Naoum Shebib)Save this picture!While modernist architecture in Cairo was often associated with commercial and residential projects, it also extended to religious buildings. The Saint Catherine's Church, completed in 1950 by Naoum Shebib, highlights how modernist design principles were also applied to places of worship. The building features sweeping concrete forms that reinterpret traditional religious architecture in a contemporary way. The design incorporates minimalist detailing and simple geometric shapes, emphasizing the structural qualities of concrete while maintaining a sense of spiritual tranquility. The church's interior is designed to maximize natural light, creating an atmosphere of quiet reflection. During the era of modernism in Cairo, architects were seeking to reinterpret cultural heritage through new materials and forms under functional principles.Church of Collge De La Salle School (1955, Seddiq Shehab El-Din, Antoine Selim Nahas, and D. Komides)Save this picture!The Church of Collge De La Salle School, completed in 1955, is a distinctive example of how modernist architecture was applied to religious and educational institutions in Cairo. Designed by Seddiq Shehab El-Din, Antoine Selim Nahas, and D. Komides, the church embodies the principles of modernism while respecting the spiritual and functional needs of a school environment. Its design blends geometric simplicity and material honesty, reflecting a shift away from traditional church architecture towards a more restrained and functional aesthetic. A defining feature of the church is its angular roof structure and minimalistic faade, which utilize reinforced concrete to create sweeping, sculptural forms. The interior emphasizes openness and natural light, with strategically placed windows that allow soft illumination to enhance the spiritual atmosphere. The building's design maintains a balance between monumentality and simplicity, ensuring it remains an integral yet understated part of the school's campus.Institutions as State SymbolsThe Chamber of Commerce (1955, Sayed Karim)Save this picture!The Chamber of Commerce Building, completed in 1955 by architect Sayed Karim, is a notable example of how modernist architecture was employed to serve Cairo's growing administrative and economic needs. Designed to house the offices of Cairo's commercial sector, the building reflects the modernist emphasis on functionality and efficiency, with an aesthetic that aligns with Egypt's aspirations for modernization in the post-1952 era. The structure incorporates vertical brise-soleil elements, which provide shading and reduce heat gain, a critical adaptation to Cairo's hot climate. The building's layout prioritizes flexibility and ease of movement, accommodating a range of administrative functions within a streamlined and minimalist design. Karim's approach focuses on clear structural articulation, using reinforced concrete and glass to create a balance between openness and solidity. As a government-backed project, the Chamber of Commerce Building stands as a testament to the role of modernist architecture in shaping public institutions and reflects the broader ambitions of state-driven development during the 1950s.AUC Science Building (1966, Medhat Hassan Shaheen)Save this picture!The AUC Science Building, completed in 1966 and designed by architect Medhat Hassan Shaheen, was a prominent example of Cairo's modernist approach to educational architecture. Built as part of the American University in Cairo's (AUC) Tahrir Square campus expansion, the building reflected the growing demand for specialized academic facilities in a rapidly modernizing city. Its design embraced modernist principles of functionality, flexibility, and material efficiency, providing adaptable spaces for teaching and research. Characterized by its clean lines, grid-like faade, and large uninterrupted glass windows, the building prioritized natural light and ventilation, ensuring a comfortable learning environment suited to Cairo's climate. The restrained use of ornamentation and reliance on reinforced concrete and glass underscored the modernist ideal of structural honesty and simplicity. The building's design also allowed for future expansions and modifications, reflecting a forward-thinking approach to academic infrastructure. Despite its architectural and historical significance, the AUC Science Building was demolished in 2015, highlighting the ongoing challenge of preserving Cairo's modernist heritageCorporate Modernism and EfficiencyMobil Building (1959, Abu Bakr Khairat)Save this picture!The Mobil Building, designed by Abu Bakr Khairat in 1959, reflects the growing influence of modernist architecture in Cairo's commercial sector. The building's design prioritizes efficiency and functionality, with a clear separation of spaces for different corporate functions. The faade features a combination of glass curtain walls and shading elements, allowing for natural light while minimizing heat gain. The structure's vertical emphasis and sleek lines align with modernist ideals of simplicity and order. Its strategic location in the city underscores the role of architecture in shaping Cairo's emerging corporate identity during this period. The Mobil Building exemplifies how modernism was used to project an image of progress and modernization, supporting Egypt's broader economic aspirations in the mid-20th century.The modernist movement in Cairo during the 1950s and 60s was shaped by a desire to balance functionality, climate adaptation, and cultural continuity. Through key projects such as the Misr Insurance Buildings, Merryland Apartments, Zamalek Tower, and others, local architects demonstrated their ability to adapt global architectural trends to meet Cairo's unique needs. These buildings reflect an era when modernism was seen as a practical response to urban challenges rather than a purely aesthetic pursuit. Their designs prioritized efficiency, environmental considerations, and social needs, creating a built environment that was both forward-looking and rooted in local conditions. However, despite their historical and architectural significance, many of these modernist landmarks have been neglected, altered, or demolished in recent years. The demolition of structures serves as a reminder of how commonly this chapter of Cairo's architectural history has been lost. As Cairo continues to evolve, the legacy of its modernist architecture remains an important reminder of the city's dynamic approach to growth and development. Preserving and studying these buildings offers valuable insights into how architecture can respond to the complexities of a rapidly changing urban landscape. Recognizing their importance is crucial in ensuring that this unique period of Cairo's architectural heritage is not forgotten.This article is part of an ArchDaily series called "Rediscovering Modernism in Africa." Many buildings from the Modern Movement in Africa are of high architectural quality. Despite being several decades old and historically important, they have only recently gained attention in international discussions. This series explores this rich history. As always, at ArchDaily, we greatly appreciate our readers' contributions. If you have a project you think should be featured, please submit your suggestions.This article is part of the ArchDaily Topics: 100 Years of Modernism. Every month we explore a topic in-depth through articles, interviews, news, and architecture projects. We invite you to learn more about our ArchDaily Topics. And, as always, at ArchDaily we welcome the contributions of our readers; if you want to submit an article or project, contact us.Image gallerySee allShow lessAbout this authorNour FakharanyAuthorCite: Nour Fakharany. "The Case for Local Modernism in Cairo: Egypt's Architectural Transformation During the 1950s" 22 Jan 2025. ArchDaily. Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/1025920/the-case-for-local-modernism-in-cairo-egypts-architectural-transformation-during-the-1950s&gt ISSN 0719-8884Save!ArchDaily?You've started following your first account!Did you know?You'll now receive updates based on what you follow! Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors, offices and users.Go to my stream

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