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Years ago, a friend was alarmed to discover $2,000 missing from her bank account. She couldnt imagine how someone had managed to steal from heruntil she had the dawning realization that she was that someone. Over the course of a very stressful six-week period, she had blown two grand in dribs and drabs, never shelling out more than $45 at a time.My friends situation is a textbook example of why understanding your spending is crucial to budgeting. But unless you happen to be the sort of person who actually enjoys spreadsheets (and, yes, they do exist), tracking your spending is probably about as appealing as a colonoscopy.Thankfully, there are ways to keep an eye on your spending that dont require you to track every penny. Heres what you need to know.Why your spending habits matterAt its core, a budget is a framework for determining how much money comes and goes each month. To reach your goals, you should be making active choices about your money, rather than simply letting the money flow through your hands without any forethought.And this is why its so important to understand your spending habits, since that is the part of personal finance were least likely to think about before acting. While my friends loss of $2,000 was an extreme example, every single one of us has had a similar experience. Spending money is remarkably easy (especially in the time of one-click purchasing), but keeping a mental tally of our expenses is impossible.There is no shortage of opportunities to spend and overspend and borrow to spend, meaning were fighting an uphill battle in trying to keep our expenses below our income. Tracking your spending is a way to force yourself to know your spending habits and think about your money choicesbut its not the only way.Creating a budget without trackingThere are several ways to get a handle on your spending habits without having to track your expenses. Any of these strategies can give you the information you need to make proactive budgeting decisions.Let a robot do it for youVirtually every financial institution now offers a spending analysis tool that will show you where your money is going every month. All that you have to do is set up a regular date with your money to go over what information the banking robot has aggregated for you.For many people, a monthly check-in will be sufficient, although newbie budgeters or anyone who struggles with overspending may want daily or weekly money dates. The good news is that the spending analysis tool is doing all the drudge work. All you have to do is figure out how the information they give you will affect your financial decisions going forward.Limit your ability to spendTracking your spending is designed to keep you from going over your budgetbut you can also do that by setting and enforcing hard spending limits. Certified Financial Planner Roger P. Whitney developed this system, which he calls the Cash Flow Bucket.Under this plan, youll start by having your paychecks deposited into your savings account, rather than your checking account. From there, youll set a maximum monthly spending limit for yourself, and have that amount automatically transferred to your checking account. Then you can simply spend money without tracking it throughout the month.Just remember, you will need to regularly check your account balance to make sure you havent accidentally overspent. (But remember, the banking robots have your back here, too, since you can set up low-balance alerts when your account balance gets below a certain amount.)The benefit of this system is that it gives you a monthly spending framework without asking you to track your spending. Since your income is deposited into savings, it also makes saving automatic.Only track problem categoriesMany of us are perfectly capable of making good spending decisions in most casesbut then make it rain the minute we find ourselves in a bookstore (or another den of sin and temptation).If this sounds like your money situation, you could only track the specific categories that consistently cause you to overspend. Instead of having to keep track of every single purchase you make, you will only have to remember to log the purchases in your problem categories, and will still get a good sense of how much extra money youre spending.This strategy also increases the likelihood that you will think twice before making a purchasebecause you know youll have to write it down. If you choose your two or three problematic spending categories to track, you still benefit from reconsidering the purchase before pulling out your credit card.Take control of your spendingDespite what you may have learned, you do not have to track every penny to create a budget that works. However, you do need to basically understand where your money goes so you can make the best decisions about your finances. But there are a number of strategies that allow you to do that without becoming a spreadsheet geek.To keep an eye on your money outflow without tracking your spending, consider using your financial institutions spending analysis tool and setting up regular check-ins. Alternatively, you could have your income deposited into savings and only transfer your monthly spending amount into checking each month to limit how much you can spend. And for would-be budgeters who are generally frugal, only tracking the problem categories can provide the necessary spending insight to stay on budget.Knowing exactly what you spend is less important than making sure you proactively think about your spending habits. Thats because its the active spending decisions, not the tracking, that prevents what happened to my $2,000? panic.

After four years of U.S. progress on efforts to deal with climate change under Joe Biden, Donald Trumps return to the White House is swiftly swinging the pendulum in the opposite direction.On his first day back, Trump declared a national energy emergency, directing agencies to use any emergency powers available to boost oil and gas production, despite U.S. oil and gas production already being near record highs and leading the world. He revoked Bidens orders that had withdrawn large areas of the Arctic and the U.S. coasts from oil and natural gas leasing. Among several other executive orders targeting Bidens pro-climate policies, Trump also began the process of pulling the U.S. out of the international Paris climate agreementa repeat of a move he made in 2017, which Biden reversed.None of Trumps moves to sideline climate change as an important domestic and foreign policy issue should come as a surprise.During his first term as president, 2017-2021, Trump repealed the Obama-era Clean Power Plan for reducing power plant emissions, falsely claimed that wind turbines cause cancer, and promised to end the war on coal and boost the highly polluting energy source. He once declared that climate change was a hoax perpetuated by China.Since being elected again in November, Trump has again chosen Cabinet members who support the fossil fuel industry.But its important to remember that while Donald Trump is singing from the Republican Party songbook when it comes to climate change, the music was written long before he came along.Money, lies, and lobbyingIn 1979, the scientific consensus that climate change posed a significant threat to the environment, the economy, and society as we had come to appreciate them began to emerge.The Ad Hoc Study Group on Carbon Dioxide and Climate, commissioned by the U.S. National Research Councils climate research board, concluded then that if carbon dioxide continued to accumulate in the atmosphere, there was no reason to doubt that climate changes will result. Since then, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has risen by about 25%, and temperatures have risen with it.The report also concluded that land use changes and the burning of fossil fuels, both of which could be subject to regulation, were behind climate change and that a wait-and-see policy may mean waiting until it is too late.But none of this came as a surprise to the oil industry. Working behind the scenes since the 1950s, researchers working for companies such as Exxon, Shell, and Chevron had made their leaders well aware that the widespread use of their product was already causing climate change. And coinciding with the Ad Hoc Study Groups work in the late 1970s, oil companies started making large donations to national and state-level candidates and politicians they viewed as friendly to the interests of the industry.A summary of all global warming projections reported by ExxonMobil scientists in internal documents and peer-reviewed publications, 1977 to 2003, superimposed on observed temperature change (red). Solid gray lines indicate global warming projections modeled by ExxonMobil scientists; dashed gray lines are projections shared by ExxonMobil scientists from other sources. Shades of gray reflect start dates: earliest (1977) is lightest; latest (2003) is darkest. [Image: Geoffrey Supran/courtesy of the author]The oil industry also implemented a disinformation campaign designed to cast doubt about climate science and, in many cases, about their own internal research. The strategy, ripped from the pages of the tobacco industry playbook, involved emphasizing uncertainty to cast doubt on the science and calling for balanced science to sow confusion.This strategy was helped by the creation and financial backing of lobbying organizations such as the Competitive Enterprise Institute and the Global Climate Coalition, both of which played central roles in spreading falsehoods and casting doubt on the scientific consensus about climate change.By 1997, when 84 countries signed the Kyoto Protocol to curb global greenhouse gas emissions, the oil industry had built an effective apparatus for actively discrediting climate science and opposing policies and actions that could help slow climate change. So even though President Bill Clinton signed the treaty in 1998, the United States Congress refused to ratify it.Partisan politics and the psychology of belongingThe Kyoto Protocol experience demonstrated that the lobbying and disinformation tactics used by oil companies to discredit climate science could, on their own, be highly effective. But they alone didnt shift climate change from a scientific question to an issue of partisan politics. Two additional ingredients for completing the transition were still absent.The first of these came during the election campaign of 2000. At the time, the coverage of the major news networks converged on dividing the country into red states, which lean right, and blue states, which lean left.This shift, though seemingly innocuous at the time, made politics even less about individual issues and more like a team sport.Rather than asking people to construct their voting preferences based on a wide range of issuesfrom abortion and gun rights to immigration and climate changevotes could be earned by reminding and reinforcing for voters which team they should be cheering for: Republicans or Democrats.This shift also made it easier for the fossil fuel industry to keep climate change off state and federal policy agendas. Oil companies could focus their money, lobbying, and disinformation on Republican-controlled states and swing states where it would make the biggest difference. It shouldnt surprise anyone, for example, that it was a red state senator, James Inhofe of Oklahoma, who brought a snowball to the Senate floor in February 2015 to prove that the planet was not warming.The final ingredient had everything to do with human nature. Building on the analogy of a rivalry in sports, the red vs. blue state dynamic tapped into the psychological and social forces that shape our sense of belonging and identity.Subtle but powerful social pressures within groups can make it harder for people to accept ideas, evidence, and arguments from those outside the group. Likewise, these within-group pressures lead to preferential treatment for members who are in alignment with the groups perspectives, up to and including placing greater trust in those who appear to represent the groups collective interests.Within-group pressures also create stronger feelings of belonging among those who conform to the groups internal norms, such as which political positions to support. In turn, stronger feelings of belonging serve to further reinforce the norms.Where to from here?Opposing or supporting action on climate change has become part of millions of Americans cultural identity.However, doubling down on climate policies that are in lockstep with our own political leanings will serve only to strengthen the divide.A more effective solution would be to set aside political differences and invest in building coalitions across the political spectrum. That starts by focusing on shared values, such as keeping children healthy and communities safe. In the wake of devastating fires in my own city, Los Angeles, these shared values have risen to the top of the local political agenda regardless of who my neighbors and I voted for. Its clear to all of us that the consequences of climate change are very much in the here and now.Natural disasters across the U.S. have also brought the risks of climate change home for many people across the country. This, in turn, has led to bipartisan action on climate change at the local and regional levels, and between government and the private sector.The U.S. Climate Alliance, a coalition of 24 governors from both parties who are working to advance efforts to slow climate change, is one such example. Another example is the many U.S. companies with ties to government that participate in the First Movers Coalition, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from industries that have proven difficult to decarbonize, such as steel, transportation, and shipping.But, unfortunately for climate action, examples like these are still an exception rather than the norm. And this is a problem because the current climate challenge is much bigger than a single city, state, or even country. The past year, 2024, was the hottest on record. Many parts of the world experienced extreme heat waves and storms.However, every movement has to start somewhere. Continuing to chip away at the partisan barriers that separate Americans on climate change will require even more coalition building that sets an example by being ambitious, productive, and visible.With the new Trump administration poised to target the recent progress made on climate change while preparing executive actions that will increase greenhouse gas emissions, theres no better time for this work than the present.Joe rvai is the director of the Wrigley Institute for Environment and Sustainability and a professor of psychology, biological sciences, and environmental studies at USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences.This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

We continue our21st-Century Architecture: 25 Years 25 Buildings series with the Anandaloy centre in Bangladesh by Studio Anna Heringer, a pioneering project for the revival of mud construction in contemporary architecture.Housing both a disabilities centre and a textile studio, Anandaloy, meaning "place of great joy", became the second winner of the Obel Award the same year it opened.The project was one of several socially engaged projects by German architect Heringer in the village of Rudrapur for the NGO Dipshikha, through which she sought to demonstrate her vision of architecture as a "tool to improve lives".The Anandaloy Centre wasthe most significant building of 2020Central to this vision was not simply the uses of these buildings but also the use of local labour and materials in their construction most importantly mud, which forms the organic, cave-like interiors of Anandaloy.This ancient material is one that all of Heringer's work has sought to place alongside modern construction methods, demonstrating its environmental and design benefits not just in settings where it has traditionally been used, but worldwide."Mud is regarded as a poor and old-fashioned material and inferior to brick, for example," said the studio. "But to us, it doesn't matter how old the material is, it is a matter of our creative ability to use it in a contemporary way."In an interview with RIBA Journal, Heringer called mud the "missing link that leads to social justice", adding that "no other modern construction material has its scope or possibility".The two-storey building was constructed form mud and bambooAppointed honorary professor of the UNESCO Chair of Earthen Architecture, Building Cultures, and Sustainable Development in 2010, Heringer has, along with fellow mud pioneer and teaching partner Martin Rauch, been a key figure in the global rise of rammed-earth construction.Writing in The Architectural Review, Jean Dethier termed their works as the "decisive contributions of a new generation of builders," which have since seen rammed earth celebrated and utilised as a low-carbon material worldwide.It is a trend that has left some skeptical. While Heringer does not use stabilising additives in her own work, the inclusion of cement in many buildings touted as rammed earth risks undermining the material's sustainability credentials.The building is surrounded by verandahsHeringer's relationship with Bangladesh began when she spent a year volunteering for Dipshikha, an NGO which focuses on rural development that would later become the client for Anandaloy, aged 19."Making a tent, kitchen, toilet, furniture; the idea of creating a small village in a couple of weeks and leaving no trace at the end of it was something that shaped me," she told the RIBA Journal. "It was my first urbanism."Read: Shigeru Ban's Cardboard Cathedral was the most significant building of 2013Heringer returned to Europe to study architecture at the University of Arts and Industrial Design in Linz, and it was her graduate thesis that grew into her first building in the region the 2006 METI School, which received both the Aga Khan Award and The Architectural Review's Emerging Architecture Award.Despite originally requesting a brick school extension, Heringer successfully argued for the use of mud and bamboo, and involved the community in the school's construction, setting a precedent for all her works in the area that would follow.A textiles studio is contained within the buildingAnandaloy was able to build upon the lessons of these previous projects not only in terms of its construction methods, but also the people who built it, with the skilled-up local community able to hand down their knowledge to a new generation."The truth is that once you become used to building like this, everything else becomes completely unnatural," Heringer told Nripal Adhikary in an interview in The Architectural Review."When you have leftovers, for example, with clay, you just put them back in the ground and do not worry about it," she said."Any material that cannot be picked up with your bare hands, that might require gloves, feels weird. As do the waste and toxic smells."Anandaloy's walls were made of cobOriginally, the two-storey Anandaloy building was to be solely a disability centre, but the decision was later made to integrate a studio space for Dipdii Textiles, a women's cooperative which Heringer founded alongside Dipshikha and Veronika Lang.The thick walls of the building were created using an ancient technique known as cob, with local earth, straw, sand and water kneaded like dough and formed into walls atop fired-brick foundations.This technique avoids the need to use formwork, reducing the required materials but also making the work far less specialised, with the process therefore easier for the local community to participate in.Read: Elemental's Quinta Monroy housing was the most significant building of 2004Formally, it also meant that curves were easier to create, embraced in the rounded ends of the building and a first-floor access ramp that wraps the centre's sides an unfamiliar site in the village that Heringer felt was crucial to include as a "symbol of inclusion".Inside, the disability centre combines more conventional spaces, with cave-like tunnels and rooms serving as areas for relaxation and solitude, while the textile studio, office and storage occupies the first floor."Anandaloy does not follow a simple rectangular layout," Heringer told Dezeen in 2020. "Rather, the building is dancing, and dancing with it is the ramp that follows it around.""What I want to transmit with this building is that there is a lot of beauty in not following the typical standard pattern," she explained.Bamboo sourced from a nearby forest frames a verandah around the centre's ground floor, while above bamboo screens provide shelter to an upper-level walkway.Cave-like spaces were created with the mudIt was the "multi-layered" pursuit of social ideals throughout Anandaloy's process, structure and programme that convinced the Obel Award judges, and demonstrated a commitment to the entire life-cycle of a building that continues to set a powerful precedent."The Anandaloy building is not only a spatial solution to a number of both basic and specific human needs, the project as a whole is a multi-layered response to the challenge of mending by cleverly interweaving sustainable, social, and architectural design," the jury commented.More recently, these lessons have been brought closer to home in an ongoing project for two rammed-earth buildings for the Campus St.Michael in Traunstein, Germany, but for Heringer, the ambition remains somewhat larger a rammed-earth skyscraper in Manhattan.Did we get it right? Was the Anandaloy Building by Anna Heringer the most significant building completed in 2020? Let us know in the comments. We will be running a poll once all 25 buildings are revealed to determine the most significant building of the 21st century so far.This article is part of Dezeen's21st-Century Architecture: 25 Years 25 Buildingsseries, which looks at the most significant architecture of the 21st century so far. For the series, we have selected the most influential building from each of the first 25 years of the century.The illustration is byJack Bedfordand the photography is by Kurt Hoerbs.21st Century Architecture: 25 Years 25 Buildings2000:Tate Modern by Herzog & de Meuron2001:Gando Primary School by Dibdo Francis Kr2002:Bergisel Ski Jump by Zaha Hadid2003:Walt Disney Concert Hall by Frank Gehry2004:Quinta Monroy by Elemental2005:Moriyama House by Ryue Nishizawa2006:Madrid-Barajas airport by RSHP and Estudio Lamela2007:Oslo Opera House by Snhetta2008:Museum of Islamic Art by I M Pei2009:Murray Grove by Waugh Thistleton Architects2010:Burj Khalifa by SOM2011:National September 11 Memorial byHandel Architects2012:CCTV Headquarters by OMA2013:Cardboard Cathedral by ShigeruBan2014:Bosco Verticale by Stefano Boeri2015:UTEC Lima campus by Grafton Architects2016:Transformation of 530 Dwellings by Lacaton & Vassal, Frdric Druot and Christophe Hutin2017:Apple Park by Foster + Partners2018:Amager Bakke by BIG2019: Goldsmith Street by Mikhail Riches with Cathy Hawley2020: Anandaloy by Anna HeringerThis list will be updated as the series progresses.The post Anna Heringer's Anandaloy was the most significant building of 2020 appeared first on Dezeen.

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When the cosmetics brand decided to make a Bluetooth speaker, it didnt know how hard it would be to make it sustainably. The next challenge: Will anyone actually buy it?