A dementia diagnosis for a loved one is something that causes great anxiety in families, and those feelings are often compounded by decisions surrounding nursing home care. A new study addresses life expectancy after a dementia diagnosis and establishes estimates on when those who are diagnosed are usually admitted to a nursing home.The study, recently published in the medical journal The BMJ, acts as a systematic review of previous studies on survival from dementia diagnosis and nursing home admission.Dementia, a neurological condition that affects ones memory and personality among other functions, is a major concern for aging populations. The impact of diseases related to dementia, such as Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia, will only continue to escalate in the coming decade; More than 55 million people live with dementia globally, and this number is estimated to rise to 153 million by 2050 according to data from 2021.Understanding Dementia PrognosisThe research team, based out of the Netherlands, aimed to gain a better understanding of dementia prognosis, or the likely course of the condition over time.To accomplish their goal, the researchers examined 261 studies published between 1984 and 2024 (235 on survival and 79 on nursing home admission) that involved more than 5 million people with dementia (with an average age of 79, and 63 percent women). They focused on the life expectancy of both men and women diagnosed with dementia.For women, they concluded that the average life expectancy ranges from 9 years at age 60 to 4.5 years at age 85. Meanwhile, for men, it is 6.5 years at age 60 to just over 2 years at age 85.They found that dementia reduced life expectancy by about 2 years based on a diagnosis at age 85, 3 to 4 years with a diagnosis at age 80, and up to 13 years with a diagnosis at age 65.Additionally, the researchers observed certain trends in the review, such as average survival being up to 1.4 years longer among Asian populations and also among people with Alzhemiers disease compared with other types of dementia.Time of Nursing Home Admission The researchers also assessed the average time of nursing home admission after diagnosis, at just over 3 years. They determined that 13 percent of people were admitted in the first year after diagnosis. This number increased to 35 percent at three years after diagnosis and 57 percent at five years after diagnosis. The team, however, noted that these estimates should be considered with caution as they do not reflect all dementia cases.The researchers recognized that factors such as differences in study methods and inconsistent reporting of socioeconomic status, race, and pre-existing conditions may have impacted the estimates they observed. They say these circumstances should be reported in future studies to ensure dementia prognosis is fully understood across the board.Future studies on individualized prognosis should ideally include patients at time of diagnosis, accounting or personal factors, social factors, disease stage, and comorbidity, while assessing relevant functional outcome measures above and beyond survival alone, the authors said.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:Alzheimers Research UK. Worldwide dementia cases to triple by 2050 to over 150 million peopleJack Knudson is an assistant editor at Discover with a strong interest in environmental science and history. Before joining Discover in 2023, he studied journalism at the Scripps College of Communication at Ohio University and previously interned at Recycling Today magazine.

Just before Christmas, two backyard birders in Michigan were in for the ultimate surprisea yellow Northern Cardinal. Arlene and John McDaniel spotted the incredibly rare bird in their backyard in Bath, Michigan near East Lansing.I really couldnt believe it, Arlene tells Popular Science. We do get a lot of cardinals. Theres always a lot here. The males are just a stunningly beautiful red and females are more orangey, But when we saw this yellow one, the thing that really made it distinctive, other than its feathers, is that its beak is also yellow.Arlene and John McDaniel spotted this yellow cardinal in their backyard on December 23, 2024. CREDIT: Linda Vail. Both musicians, John says they named the bird Donovan in homage to the folk musician. His catchy tune Mellow Yellow reached the number two slot on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1966.Heres what you should know about these beautiful birds.How rare are yellow Northern Cardinals?While previous sightings of these birds have garnered the phrase, one in a million, there is no solid data on just how rare these canary-colored cardinals are in the wild.It is hard to get a sense of just how rare yellow Northern Cardinals are, and there does not seem to be any study that estimates the frequency of this plumage aberration in the general population of cardinals, Cornell University ornithologist Shawn Billerman tells Popular Science. But, given that Ive been birding for close to 30 years and have never seen a yellow Northern Cardinal, it is safe to say they are pretty rare.Why arent they red?Genetic mutations that alter pigments in an animals feathers, scales, or hair are typically behind strange colorings in animals. Sometimes these pigments are either not expressed or are overexpressed, which results in some rare changes in the color.We do not seem to know the exact genetic mutation that causes yellow-pigmented Northern Cardinals, but whatever the mutation is affects the birds ability to produce red carotenoid pigments, explains Billerman. All carotenoid pigments, most of the bright yellows, reds, and oranges that we see in birds plumage, including those of the Northern Cardinal, come from the diet, but the red pigments in a cardinals plumage are metabolically derived and synthesized from the carotenoids they acquire from their diet.[ Related: One in 100 million cotton candy lobster caught in New Hampshire. ]A 2003 study analyzed the feathers of an individual yellow Northern Cardinal. This specific bird lacked all of these reg pigments that were derived from what it had eaten. The authors believed that the unknown genetic mutation present in this bird disrupted the metabolic pathway that helps the body synthesize red carotenoids. The enzyme that converts the carotenoids from the birds diet into the red that is seen on feathers was likely not present.At least in the individual they studied, they also identified some yellow pigments that were metabolically altered, so the bird did not lose all carotenoid metabolic functionality, but it was just unable to create the red pigments typical of the species, says Billerman.An unknown genetic mutation affects Yellow Northern Cardinals like Donovans ability to produce red carotenoid pigments. CREDIT: Linda Vail. How are they different from other cardinals?While ornithologists are still learning about yellow Northern Cardinals, it does not appear that they differ from more typical red cardinals. However, Billerman says that the mutation that prevents them from synthesizing red pigments might affect others aspects of their lives.Some evidence does suggest that the redder and brighter male Northern Cardinals have both greater reproductive success and held larger territories.If red coloration is indeed an important factor in mate choice or breeding success, it may be possible that this yellow Northern Cardinal has a harder time finding a mate, says Billerman.The post Extremely rare yellow cardinal flies into a Michigan backyard appeared first on Popular Science.

edxShareWe may earn revenue from the products available on this page and participate in affiliate programs. Learn more Im eating a Jersey Mikes sub at my standing desk right now. Does that make me healthier? I have no idea, but I do like the variety that a convertible standing desk introduces to my day. Right now, Walmart has a popular edx standing desk on-sale right now, with the smallest size at just $79. You can go all the way up to 64 x 24 for $99 if you want something large. Note that this is a clearance deal, so it will only last as long as the sites stock, so dont wait if youre thinking about making a purchase.edx Electric Standing Desk, Height Adjustable Desk, 40 x 24 Inches $79 (was $139)edx This solid-top desk adjusts between 28.35 and 46.46 depending on whether you want to sit or stand. It remembers three different favorite heights, so you can easily switch between common settings. Electric motors quietly move the desk up and down, so theres no risk of slipping and dropping it like I sometimes do with my mechanical adjustable desk. The desk can support up to 154 pounds, so your computer and monitors wont overload it unless youre some kind of die-hard CRT monitor enthusiast. Other sizes on-sale

Nature, Published online: 08 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08373-1A method to produce wireless microelectronic devices powered by light using standard nanofabrication techniques is described to convert any traditional 96-well or 384-well plate into an electrochemical reactor that can drive reactions in high throughput.

Nature, Published online: 08 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08262-7By developing a second quantization of paraparticles and constructing exactly solvable quantum spin models with emergent paraparticles, new theoretical evidence shows that non-trivial parastatistics inequivalent to either fermions or bosons can exist in physical systems.

Nature, Published online: 08 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08451-4Precursors of exhausted T cells are preemptively formed in acute infection

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Nintendo announced its next big Lego collaboration is a set based on the original Game Boy handheld. The new kit joins Lego's line of other video game system replicas like the NES and Atari.Lego and Nintendo revealed the upcoming Lego Game Boy kit with a short teaser trailer on X (formerly Twitter). While the Lego Game Boy's design was not fully revealed, the teaser video previewed recognizable components like the classic purple face buttons, black D-pad, and pieces of the gray case. Assuming the sizes of the teased pieces are the final design, it's looking like this new Lego display set could be roughly the same size as the original Game Boy DMG handheld.The short teaser concludes with confirmation that the Lego Game Boy set will launch in October, but no specific date or pricing information was given. We'll be sure to update this post when more information is announced, including preorder availability.Continue Reading at GameSpot