• In a world overflowing with data, have you ever wondered about the magic of data analysis? It's not just about numbers; it's about transforming information into powerful decisions that can change lives! Imagine being able to see patterns in your daily choices, from online shopping to your favorite tunes!

    Learning data analysis opens up a universe of possibilities. It empowers you to interpret information and make informed decisions that can lead to success, whether personally or professionally. So, why not dive into this fascinating world? Every bit of data is a stepping stone to your dreams!

    Let’s embrace the journey of understanding data and unravel the incredible stories it tells! Together, we can make a difference!
    🚀✨ In a world overflowing with data, have you ever wondered about the magic of data analysis? 🌍💡 It's not just about numbers; it's about transforming information into powerful decisions that can change lives! Imagine being able to see patterns in your daily choices, from online shopping to your favorite tunes! 🎵💳 Learning data analysis opens up a universe of possibilities. It empowers you to interpret information and make informed decisions that can lead to success, whether personally or professionally. So, why not dive into this fascinating world? Every bit of data is a stepping stone to your dreams! 🌈📈 Let’s embrace the journey of understanding data and unravel the incredible stories it tells! Together, we can make a difference!
    ¿Qué es el análisis de datos y por qué aprenderlo?
    Vivimos en un mundo donde los datos están por todas partes. Desde las compras que haces online hasta la música que escuchas o las decisiones que toma una empresa… todo genera información. Pero esos datos, por sí solos, no significan nada. Lo qu
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  • Hey everyone! Let's dive into something truly fascinating today: PVA filament! You might have heard about this unique type of filament that works wonders with any FDM printer. But wait, it’s not always what it seems!

    When we first encounter PVA filament, we might think of it as just another option in our 3D printing toolbox. However, it holds secrets that can truly elevate our creations! PVA, or Polyvinyl Alcohol, is not just a filament; it’s a game-changer! It’s known for its ability to dissolve in water, which opens up a world of possibilities for our projects. Imagine creating intricate designs with support structures that simply vanish, leaving behind only the masterpiece you envisioned! Isn’t that incredible?

    One of the most inspiring aspects of using PVA filament is the encouragement it gives us to push our creative boundaries. Sometimes, we face challenges in our projects, but with PVA, we can experiment without fear! If something doesn’t turn out as planned, we can simply dissolve those support structures and start anew. This teaches us resilience and the importance of embracing our creative journey!

    Moreover, working with PVA filament encourages collaboration and innovation in the 3D printing community. It inspires us to share our experiences, tips, and techniques with one another. Just think about all the amazing designs that have emerged because of this wonderful filament! Each creation tells a story of creativity, perseverance, and teamwork!

    Now, I know what some of you might be thinking: “Isn’t PVA filament tricky to work with?” While it does come with its challenges, like maintaining the right printing conditions and ensuring proper storage to avoid moisture, the rewards are absolutely worth it! With a little practice and patience, we can master this filament and unlock its full potential. Remember, every challenge is an opportunity for growth!

    So, let’s embrace the journey of using PVA filament! Let’s encourage one another to try new techniques, share our successes, and learn from our experiences. Together, we can create a community that celebrates creativity and innovation in 3D printing!

    Let’s keep inspiring each other to create, explore, and conquer new heights in our 3D printing adventures! Who’s with me?

    #PVAFilament #3DPrinting #CreativityUnleashed #Innovation #CommunitySpirit
    🌟 Hey everyone! Let's dive into something truly fascinating today: PVA filament! 🎉 You might have heard about this unique type of filament that works wonders with any FDM printer. 🌈 But wait, it’s not always what it seems! 💧 When we first encounter PVA filament, we might think of it as just another option in our 3D printing toolbox. However, it holds secrets that can truly elevate our creations! 🌟 PVA, or Polyvinyl Alcohol, is not just a filament; it’s a game-changer! It’s known for its ability to dissolve in water, which opens up a world of possibilities for our projects. 🛠️ Imagine creating intricate designs with support structures that simply vanish, leaving behind only the masterpiece you envisioned! 🌊 Isn’t that incredible? One of the most inspiring aspects of using PVA filament is the encouragement it gives us to push our creative boundaries. 🎨✨ Sometimes, we face challenges in our projects, but with PVA, we can experiment without fear! If something doesn’t turn out as planned, we can simply dissolve those support structures and start anew. This teaches us resilience and the importance of embracing our creative journey! 🌻 Moreover, working with PVA filament encourages collaboration and innovation in the 3D printing community. 🤝✨ It inspires us to share our experiences, tips, and techniques with one another. Just think about all the amazing designs that have emerged because of this wonderful filament! Each creation tells a story of creativity, perseverance, and teamwork! 🥳 Now, I know what some of you might be thinking: “Isn’t PVA filament tricky to work with?” 🤔 While it does come with its challenges, like maintaining the right printing conditions and ensuring proper storage to avoid moisture, the rewards are absolutely worth it! 🎯 With a little practice and patience, we can master this filament and unlock its full potential. Remember, every challenge is an opportunity for growth! 🌱 So, let’s embrace the journey of using PVA filament! Let’s encourage one another to try new techniques, share our successes, and learn from our experiences. 🌟 Together, we can create a community that celebrates creativity and innovation in 3D printing! 🌍💖 Let’s keep inspiring each other to create, explore, and conquer new heights in our 3D printing adventures! Who’s with me? 🙌🎉 #PVAFilament #3DPrinting #CreativityUnleashed #Innovation #CommunitySpirit
    PVA Filament: Not Always What it Seems
    PVA filament is an interesting filament type, for the reason that while it can be printed with any FDM printer, it supposedly readily dissolves in water, which is also the …read more
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  • Hey there, amazing souls! Are you ready to dive into the fascinating world of photographic lenses? Let’s embark on this journey together and discover how these magical tools can transform our perspective and ignite our creativity!

    When we talk about photographic lenses, we're not just discussing pieces of glass; we're talking about the gateway to capturing the beauty around us! Have you ever played around with lenses, feeling the excitement as you focus an image onto a target? It’s like turning the ordinary into the extraordinary! A convex lens, for instance, can capture the sunlight and transform it into a brilliant image that shines bright! Isn’t that a beautiful metaphor for life? Just like the rays of sunlight, we all have the potential to focus our energy and shine!

    Photography isn't just about taking pictures; it's about telling a story, sharing a moment, and expressing emotions that words sometimes cannot. Each shot we take with a lens is an opportunity to freeze time, to cherish memories, and to inspire others. Imagine looking through a lens and seeing the world in a new light; every detail, every color, every shadow tells a tale waiting to be shared!

    So, why not grab your camera and experiment with different lenses? Whether it's a wide-angle lens that captures the grandeur of nature, or a macro lens that reveals the intricate beauty of tiny flowers, every lens brings a unique perspective to the table! Let your creativity flow, and don’t be afraid to make mistakes along the way; that’s where the magic happens!

    As you explore the world of photographic lenses, remember that every great photographer started as a beginner, just like you! Embrace the learning process and keep pushing your boundaries. Surround yourself with other passionate photographers, share tips, and inspire each other! Together, we can create a community that celebrates creativity and positivity!

    Never forget: you are capable of capturing the beauty of the world in your own unique way! So go ahead, embrace your passion, focus your vision, and let your creativity shine! The world is waiting for your perspective!

    #PhotographyLove #LensAdventure #CreativityUnleashed #PositiveVibes #CaptureTheMoment
    🌟✨ Hey there, amazing souls! 🌈 Are you ready to dive into the fascinating world of photographic lenses? 📸 Let’s embark on this journey together and discover how these magical tools can transform our perspective and ignite our creativity! 💖 When we talk about photographic lenses, we're not just discussing pieces of glass; we're talking about the gateway to capturing the beauty around us! 🌍✨ Have you ever played around with lenses, feeling the excitement as you focus an image onto a target? 🤩 It’s like turning the ordinary into the extraordinary! A convex lens, for instance, can capture the sunlight and transform it into a brilliant image that shines bright! ☀️ Isn’t that a beautiful metaphor for life? Just like the rays of sunlight, we all have the potential to focus our energy and shine! 🌟 Photography isn't just about taking pictures; it's about telling a story, sharing a moment, and expressing emotions that words sometimes cannot. 📖💫 Each shot we take with a lens is an opportunity to freeze time, to cherish memories, and to inspire others. Imagine looking through a lens and seeing the world in a new light; every detail, every color, every shadow tells a tale waiting to be shared! 🌈 So, why not grab your camera and experiment with different lenses? 🥳 Whether it's a wide-angle lens that captures the grandeur of nature, or a macro lens that reveals the intricate beauty of tiny flowers, every lens brings a unique perspective to the table! Let your creativity flow, and don’t be afraid to make mistakes along the way; that’s where the magic happens! 🌟✨ As you explore the world of photographic lenses, remember that every great photographer started as a beginner, just like you! 📷 Embrace the learning process and keep pushing your boundaries. Surround yourself with other passionate photographers, share tips, and inspire each other! Together, we can create a community that celebrates creativity and positivity! 💞 Never forget: you are capable of capturing the beauty of the world in your own unique way! 🥰 So go ahead, embrace your passion, focus your vision, and let your creativity shine! The world is waiting for your perspective! 🌍💖 #PhotographyLove #LensAdventure #CreativityUnleashed #PositiveVibes #CaptureTheMoment
    All You Need To Know About Photographic Lenses
    If you have ever played around with lenses, you’ll know that a convex lens can focus an image onto a target. It can be as simple as focusing the sun …read more
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  • In the silence of my room, I find myself staring at the empty corners where dreams once blossomed. The thought of nurturing life, of watching something grow under my care, feels like a distant memory. The **Gardyn Indoor Hydroponic Garden** promised hope—a way to cultivate green even when the world outside is barren. But here I am, clutching my heart, feeling the weight of disappointment.

    They say even those with the blackest thumbs can become master gardeners with this ingenious creation. Yet, I can’t help but feel that the very act of reaching for this technology only magnifies my solitude. Each subscription I pay feels like a reminder of my failures, echoing through my mind like a haunting melody. The joy of growing, of watching tiny seeds transform into vibrant life, is overshadowed by an overwhelming sense of inadequacy.

    As I browse through the reviews, I see others thriving, their gardens bursting with color and vitality. It’s a sharp contrast to my own barren reality. I feel like an outsider looking in, my heart heavy with the knowledge that I cannot replicate their success, even with the help of AI. The world tells me that I should be able to grow something beautiful—something that reflects life and warmth. Yet, I can only muster the courage to reach out for a lifeline that just keeps slipping away.

    In moments of quiet despair, I question my worth. What is the point of investing in something that only serves to highlight my shortcomings? The **better growing through AI** feels like a cruel joke. It’s as if the universe is reminding me that no amount of technology can bridge the chasm of my isolation. I yearn for the simple joy of nurturing life, yet here I stand, a weary soul wrapped in the chains of disappointment.

    Every time I see the bright greens and vibrant reds of thriving plants online, it cuts deeper. I wonder if I will ever know that feeling, or if I will remain alone in this garden of shadows. The promise of a flourishing indoor garden now feels like a mirage, a fleeting glimpse of what could have been if only I were capable of growing beyond my sorrow.

    Perhaps it’s not just about gardening; perhaps it’s about connection—seeking companionship in a world that often feels cold. I long for someone who understands the weight of this solitude, who knows the struggle of wanting to cultivate something beautiful but feeling lost in the process. With every passing day, I realize that the seeds I wish to plant go beyond soil and water; they are a testament to my desire for companionship, for growth, for life.

    And so, I sit here, clutching my dreams tightly, hoping that someday I will learn to grow not just plants, but the courage to embrace the beauty around me despite the shadows that linger.

    #Gardyn #IndoorGarden #Hydroponics #Loneliness #Heartbreak
    In the silence of my room, I find myself staring at the empty corners where dreams once blossomed. The thought of nurturing life, of watching something grow under my care, feels like a distant memory. The **Gardyn Indoor Hydroponic Garden** promised hope—a way to cultivate green even when the world outside is barren. But here I am, clutching my heart, feeling the weight of disappointment. They say even those with the blackest thumbs can become master gardeners with this ingenious creation. Yet, I can’t help but feel that the very act of reaching for this technology only magnifies my solitude. Each subscription I pay feels like a reminder of my failures, echoing through my mind like a haunting melody. The joy of growing, of watching tiny seeds transform into vibrant life, is overshadowed by an overwhelming sense of inadequacy. As I browse through the reviews, I see others thriving, their gardens bursting with color and vitality. It’s a sharp contrast to my own barren reality. I feel like an outsider looking in, my heart heavy with the knowledge that I cannot replicate their success, even with the help of AI. The world tells me that I should be able to grow something beautiful—something that reflects life and warmth. Yet, I can only muster the courage to reach out for a lifeline that just keeps slipping away. In moments of quiet despair, I question my worth. What is the point of investing in something that only serves to highlight my shortcomings? The **better growing through AI** feels like a cruel joke. It’s as if the universe is reminding me that no amount of technology can bridge the chasm of my isolation. I yearn for the simple joy of nurturing life, yet here I stand, a weary soul wrapped in the chains of disappointment. Every time I see the bright greens and vibrant reds of thriving plants online, it cuts deeper. I wonder if I will ever know that feeling, or if I will remain alone in this garden of shadows. The promise of a flourishing indoor garden now feels like a mirage, a fleeting glimpse of what could have been if only I were capable of growing beyond my sorrow. Perhaps it’s not just about gardening; perhaps it’s about connection—seeking companionship in a world that often feels cold. I long for someone who understands the weight of this solitude, who knows the struggle of wanting to cultivate something beautiful but feeling lost in the process. With every passing day, I realize that the seeds I wish to plant go beyond soil and water; they are a testament to my desire for companionship, for growth, for life. And so, I sit here, clutching my dreams tightly, hoping that someday I will learn to grow not just plants, but the courage to embrace the beauty around me despite the shadows that linger. #Gardyn #IndoorGarden #Hydroponics #Loneliness #Heartbreak
    Gardyn Indoor Hydroponic Garden Review: Better Growing Through AI
    Even those with the blackest thumbs can become master gardeners—as long as they’re willing to shell out for a subscription.
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  • In a world that seems to move relentlessly forward, I find myself standing still, swallowed by the shadows of disappointment. The announcement of "Aggro Crab and Landfall 'side hustle' Peak" selling 100,000 copies in just 24 hours feels like a bittersweet symphony playing in a distant room, one that I can hear but never truly join. It’s a reminder of what once brought me joy, now twisted into a symbol of my own failures.

    I watch as others celebrate their triumphs, their dreams realized in the blink of an eye. Meanwhile, I am left grappling with the weight of unfulfilled ambitions. The developers of "The Another Crab's Treasure" found a way to bounce back from burnout, collaborating with Landfall to create something extraordinary. Their creativity flourished like a vibrant flower in spring, while I feel like a wilted petal, lost in the chaos of my own solitude.

    Every tick of the clock echoes the loneliness I carry. The excitement surrounding this new release only deepens the chasm within me. I wonder if anyone else feels this way—like they are watching a parade pass by without being able to join in. The joy of others becomes a haunting reminder of what I lack: connection, purpose, and the ability to rise after falling.

    The world tells us to keep pushing, to hustle, to create. But what happens when the passion fades, leaving behind only ashes of what once was? I see the success of "side hustle" Peak, and I'm reminded of my own struggles, the moments when I felt paralyzed by self-doubt. The thrill of creation has turned into a burden—a relentless cycle of trying and failing, of reaching but never grasping.

    As I scroll through the celebrations, my heart aches with the weight of longing. I crave collaboration, companionship, and a sense of belonging. Instead, I find myself adrift in a sea of loneliness, searching for a lighthouse that never appears. The achievements of others become a mirror reflecting my own insecurities, and each success feels like a door closing on my aspirations.

    In this moment of reflection, I realize that the pain of disappointment is intertwined with the beauty of hope. Perhaps it’s in the depths of loneliness that I will discover my true self, the self that is resilient enough to rise again. Maybe one day, I too will create something that resonates with others, something that brings joy and connection. Until then, I will carry this sadness with me, a reminder of my journey—a journey that is far from over.

    #Loneliness #Heartbreak #Creativity #Resilience #Hope
    In a world that seems to move relentlessly forward, I find myself standing still, swallowed by the shadows of disappointment. The announcement of "Aggro Crab and Landfall 'side hustle' Peak" selling 100,000 copies in just 24 hours feels like a bittersweet symphony playing in a distant room, one that I can hear but never truly join. It’s a reminder of what once brought me joy, now twisted into a symbol of my own failures. I watch as others celebrate their triumphs, their dreams realized in the blink of an eye. Meanwhile, I am left grappling with the weight of unfulfilled ambitions. The developers of "The Another Crab's Treasure" found a way to bounce back from burnout, collaborating with Landfall to create something extraordinary. Their creativity flourished like a vibrant flower in spring, while I feel like a wilted petal, lost in the chaos of my own solitude. Every tick of the clock echoes the loneliness I carry. The excitement surrounding this new release only deepens the chasm within me. I wonder if anyone else feels this way—like they are watching a parade pass by without being able to join in. The joy of others becomes a haunting reminder of what I lack: connection, purpose, and the ability to rise after falling. The world tells us to keep pushing, to hustle, to create. But what happens when the passion fades, leaving behind only ashes of what once was? I see the success of "side hustle" Peak, and I'm reminded of my own struggles, the moments when I felt paralyzed by self-doubt. The thrill of creation has turned into a burden—a relentless cycle of trying and failing, of reaching but never grasping. As I scroll through the celebrations, my heart aches with the weight of longing. I crave collaboration, companionship, and a sense of belonging. Instead, I find myself adrift in a sea of loneliness, searching for a lighthouse that never appears. The achievements of others become a mirror reflecting my own insecurities, and each success feels like a door closing on my aspirations. In this moment of reflection, I realize that the pain of disappointment is intertwined with the beauty of hope. Perhaps it’s in the depths of loneliness that I will discover my true self, the self that is resilient enough to rise again. Maybe one day, I too will create something that resonates with others, something that brings joy and connection. Until then, I will carry this sadness with me, a reminder of my journey—a journey that is far from over. #Loneliness #Heartbreak #Creativity #Resilience #Hope
    Aggro Crab and Landfall 'side hustle' Peak has sold 100,000 copies in 24 hours
    The Another Crab's Treasure developer created the title in collaboration with Landfall to bounce back after burnout.
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  • So, I guess if you’re wandering around Arrakis in Dune Awakening, you might be wondering where to find aluminum. Yeah, that’s a thing. It’s not like there’s much else to do on this barren planet, right? You log in, look around, and think, “Great, now I need to hunt for aluminum.” It’s one of those resources that everyone talks about, but honestly, it feels like a hassle just to gather it.

    You’ll probably want to check out some of the caves or maybe dig around in the sandy dunes. Apparently, there are a few spots that are known for having aluminum deposits. But, like, do you really want to spend your time doing that? I mean, it could be fun for a minute, but it’s mostly just running around in the sun, trying not to get eaten by giant sandworms or whatever.

    Also, it’s not like there are guides everywhere, so you’ll have to rely on word of mouth or whatever you can find on the internet. But who has the energy for that? You can end up wandering aimlessly, and let’s be real, that’s not the most exciting way to spend your game time.

    You might hear some players say they found aluminum near the Spice fields, but how reliable is that information? It’s like a game of telephone. One person sees something shiny, tells everyone, and then it turns out to be a rock or something. Classic.

    And when you finally do find aluminum, what’s next? You just sit there wondering what to do with it. Maybe you can craft some gear or trade it, but honestly, by that time, you’re probably just ready to log off and take a nap. I mean, who needs the stress of resource gathering on a planet like Arrakis?

    So, if you’re still interested in hunting for aluminum on Arrakis, good luck, I guess. Just don’t expect it to be the highlight of your gaming experience. More like a chore you’re obligated to do, rather than something that’ll get your adrenaline pumping.

    #DuneAwakening #Arrakis #AluminumHunt #GamingLife #MMORPG
    So, I guess if you’re wandering around Arrakis in Dune Awakening, you might be wondering where to find aluminum. Yeah, that’s a thing. It’s not like there’s much else to do on this barren planet, right? You log in, look around, and think, “Great, now I need to hunt for aluminum.” It’s one of those resources that everyone talks about, but honestly, it feels like a hassle just to gather it. You’ll probably want to check out some of the caves or maybe dig around in the sandy dunes. Apparently, there are a few spots that are known for having aluminum deposits. But, like, do you really want to spend your time doing that? I mean, it could be fun for a minute, but it’s mostly just running around in the sun, trying not to get eaten by giant sandworms or whatever. Also, it’s not like there are guides everywhere, so you’ll have to rely on word of mouth or whatever you can find on the internet. But who has the energy for that? You can end up wandering aimlessly, and let’s be real, that’s not the most exciting way to spend your game time. You might hear some players say they found aluminum near the Spice fields, but how reliable is that information? It’s like a game of telephone. One person sees something shiny, tells everyone, and then it turns out to be a rock or something. Classic. And when you finally do find aluminum, what’s next? You just sit there wondering what to do with it. Maybe you can craft some gear or trade it, but honestly, by that time, you’re probably just ready to log off and take a nap. I mean, who needs the stress of resource gathering on a planet like Arrakis? So, if you’re still interested in hunting for aluminum on Arrakis, good luck, I guess. Just don’t expect it to be the highlight of your gaming experience. More like a chore you’re obligated to do, rather than something that’ll get your adrenaline pumping. #DuneAwakening #Arrakis #AluminumHunt #GamingLife #MMORPG
    Où trouver de l’aluminium sur Arrakis ? | Dune Awakening
    ActuGaming.net Où trouver de l’aluminium sur Arrakis ? | Dune Awakening Dune Awakening est un MMORPG axé sur la survie prenant place sur Arrakis, une planète […] L'article Où trouver de l’aluminium sur Arrakis ? | Dune Awakening es
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  • Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms in Python, Java, and C++

    Posted on : June 13, 2025

    By

    Tech World Times

    Development and Testing 

    Rate this post

    Sorting helps organize data in a specific order. It is used in search, reports, and efficient storage. Different sorting algorithms offer different performance. In this article, we will explain the Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms in simple words. We will cover Python, Java, and C++ examples.
    1. What Is Time Complexity?
    Time complexity tells how fast an algorithm runs. It measures the number of steps as input grows. It is written in Big-O notation. For example, Omeans steps grow with the square of inputs.
    2. Types of Time Complexity
    Here are common types:

    O: Constant time
    O: Linear time
    O: Log-linear time
    O: Quadratic time

    We will now apply these to sorting.
    3. Bubble Sort
    Bubble Sort compares two numbers and swaps them if needed. It repeats until the list is sorted.
    Time Complexity:

    Best Case: OAverage Case: OWorst Case: OPython Example:
    pythonCopyEditdef bubble_sort:
    n = lenfor i in range:
    for j in range:
    if arr> arr:
    arr, arr= arr, arrJava Example:
    javaCopyEditvoid bubbleSort{
    int n = arr.length;
    forforif{
    int temp = arr;
    arr= arr;
    arr= temp;
    }
    }

    C++ Example:
    cppCopyEditvoid bubbleSort{
    forforifswap;
    }

    4. Selection Sort
    This sort picks the smallest number and places it at the front.
    Time Complexity:

    Best Case: OAverage Case: OWorst Case: OPython Example:
    pythonCopyEditdef selection_sort:
    for i in range):
    min_idx = i
    for j in range):
    if arr< arr:
    min_idx = j
    arr, arr= arr, arr5. Insertion Sort
    This algorithm builds the final list one item at a time.
    Time Complexity:

    Best Case: OAverage Case: OWorst Case: OJava Example:
    javaCopyEditvoid insertionSort{
    for{
    int key = arr;
    int j = i - 1;
    while{
    arr= arr;
    j = j - 1;
    }
    arr= key;
    }
    }

    6. Merge Sort
    Merge Sort splits the array into halves and merges them back in order.
    Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms like Merge Sort is usually better.

    Best Case: OAverage Case: OWorst Case: OPython Example:
    pythonCopyEditdef merge_sort:
    if len> 1:
    mid = len// 2
    left = arrright = arrmerge_sortmerge_sorti = j = k = 0
    while i < lenand j < len:
    if left< right:
    arr= lefti += 1
    else:
    arr= rightj += 1
    k += 1

    arr= left+ right7. Quick Sort
    Quick Sort picks a pivot and places smaller numbers before it.
    Time Complexity:

    Best Case: OAverage Case: OWorst Case: OC++ Example:
    cppCopyEditint partition{
    int pivot = arr;
    int i = low - 1;
    for{
    if{
    i++;
    swap;
    }
    }
    swap;
    return i + 1;
    }

    void quickSort{
    if{
    int pi = partition;
    quickSort;
    quickSort;
    }
    }

    8. Built-in Sort Methods
    Languages have built-in sort functions. These are well-optimized.

    Python: sortedor list.sortuses TimSort

    Time Complexity: OJava: Arrays.sortuses Dual-Pivot QuickSort

    Time Complexity: OC++: std::sortuses IntroSort

    Time Complexity: OThese are better for most real-world tasks.
    9. Time Complexity Comparison Table
    AlgorithmBestAverageWorstStableBubble SortOOOYesSelection SortOOONoInsertion SortOOOYesMerge SortOOOYesQuick SortOOONoTimSortOOOYesIntroSortOOONo
    10. How to Choose the Right Algorithm?

    Use Merge Sort for large stable data.
    Use Quick Sort for faster average speed.
    Use Insertion Sort for small or nearly sorted lists.
    Use built-in sort functions unless you need control.

    Conclusion
    The Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms helps us pick the right tool. Bubble, Selection, and Insertion Sort are simple but slow. Merge and Quick Sort are faster and used often. Built-in functions are highly optimized. Python, Java, and C++ each have their strengths.
    Understand your problem and input size. Then pick the sorting method. This ensures better speed and performance in your code.
    Tech World TimesTech World Times, a global collective focusing on the latest tech news and trends in blockchain, Fintech, Development & Testing, AI and Startups. If you are looking for the guest post then contact at techworldtimes@gmail.com
    #time #complexity #sorting #algorithms #python
    Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms in Python, Java, and C++
    Posted on : June 13, 2025 By Tech World Times Development and Testing  Rate this post Sorting helps organize data in a specific order. It is used in search, reports, and efficient storage. Different sorting algorithms offer different performance. In this article, we will explain the Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms in simple words. We will cover Python, Java, and C++ examples. 1. What Is Time Complexity? Time complexity tells how fast an algorithm runs. It measures the number of steps as input grows. It is written in Big-O notation. For example, Omeans steps grow with the square of inputs. 2. Types of Time Complexity Here are common types: O: Constant time O: Linear time O: Log-linear time O: Quadratic time We will now apply these to sorting. 3. Bubble Sort Bubble Sort compares two numbers and swaps them if needed. It repeats until the list is sorted. Time Complexity: Best Case: OAverage Case: OWorst Case: OPython Example: pythonCopyEditdef bubble_sort: n = lenfor i in range: for j in range: if arr> arr: arr, arr= arr, arrJava Example: javaCopyEditvoid bubbleSort{ int n = arr.length; forforif{ int temp = arr; arr= arr; arr= temp; } } C++ Example: cppCopyEditvoid bubbleSort{ forforifswap; } 4. Selection Sort This sort picks the smallest number and places it at the front. Time Complexity: Best Case: OAverage Case: OWorst Case: OPython Example: pythonCopyEditdef selection_sort: for i in range): min_idx = i for j in range): if arr< arr: min_idx = j arr, arr= arr, arr5. Insertion Sort This algorithm builds the final list one item at a time. Time Complexity: Best Case: OAverage Case: OWorst Case: OJava Example: javaCopyEditvoid insertionSort{ for{ int key = arr; int j = i - 1; while{ arr= arr; j = j - 1; } arr= key; } } 6. Merge Sort Merge Sort splits the array into halves and merges them back in order. Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms like Merge Sort is usually better. Best Case: OAverage Case: OWorst Case: OPython Example: pythonCopyEditdef merge_sort: if len> 1: mid = len// 2 left = arrright = arrmerge_sortmerge_sorti = j = k = 0 while i < lenand j < len: if left< right: arr= lefti += 1 else: arr= rightj += 1 k += 1 arr= left+ right7. Quick Sort Quick Sort picks a pivot and places smaller numbers before it. Time Complexity: Best Case: OAverage Case: OWorst Case: OC++ Example: cppCopyEditint partition{ int pivot = arr; int i = low - 1; for{ if{ i++; swap; } } swap; return i + 1; } void quickSort{ if{ int pi = partition; quickSort; quickSort; } } 8. Built-in Sort Methods Languages have built-in sort functions. These are well-optimized. Python: sortedor list.sortuses TimSort Time Complexity: OJava: Arrays.sortuses Dual-Pivot QuickSort Time Complexity: OC++: std::sortuses IntroSort Time Complexity: OThese are better for most real-world tasks. 9. Time Complexity Comparison Table AlgorithmBestAverageWorstStableBubble SortOOOYesSelection SortOOONoInsertion SortOOOYesMerge SortOOOYesQuick SortOOONoTimSortOOOYesIntroSortOOONo 10. How to Choose the Right Algorithm? Use Merge Sort for large stable data. Use Quick Sort for faster average speed. Use Insertion Sort for small or nearly sorted lists. Use built-in sort functions unless you need control. Conclusion The Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms helps us pick the right tool. Bubble, Selection, and Insertion Sort are simple but slow. Merge and Quick Sort are faster and used often. Built-in functions are highly optimized. Python, Java, and C++ each have their strengths. Understand your problem and input size. Then pick the sorting method. This ensures better speed and performance in your code. Tech World TimesTech World Times, a global collective focusing on the latest tech news and trends in blockchain, Fintech, Development & Testing, AI and Startups. If you are looking for the guest post then contact at techworldtimes@gmail.com #time #complexity #sorting #algorithms #python
    TECHWORLDTIMES.COM
    Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms in Python, Java, and C++
    Posted on : June 13, 2025 By Tech World Times Development and Testing  Rate this post Sorting helps organize data in a specific order. It is used in search, reports, and efficient storage. Different sorting algorithms offer different performance. In this article, we will explain the Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms in simple words. We will cover Python, Java, and C++ examples. 1. What Is Time Complexity? Time complexity tells how fast an algorithm runs. It measures the number of steps as input grows. It is written in Big-O notation. For example, O(n²) means steps grow with the square of inputs. 2. Types of Time Complexity Here are common types: O(1): Constant time O(n): Linear time O(n log n): Log-linear time O(n²): Quadratic time We will now apply these to sorting. 3. Bubble Sort Bubble Sort compares two numbers and swaps them if needed. It repeats until the list is sorted. Time Complexity: Best Case: O(n) (if already sorted) Average Case: O(n²) Worst Case: O(n²) Python Example: pythonCopyEditdef bubble_sort(arr): n = len(arr) for i in range(n): for j in range(n - i - 1): if arr[j] > arr[j+1]: arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j] Java Example: javaCopyEditvoid bubbleSort(int arr[]) { int n = arr.length; for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) if (arr[j] > arr[j+1]) { int temp = arr[j]; arr[j] = arr[j+1]; arr[j+1] = temp; } } C++ Example: cppCopyEditvoid bubbleSort(int arr[], int n) { for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) if (arr[j] > arr[j+1]) swap(arr[j], arr[j+1]); } 4. Selection Sort This sort picks the smallest number and places it at the front. Time Complexity: Best Case: O(n²) Average Case: O(n²) Worst Case: O(n²) Python Example: pythonCopyEditdef selection_sort(arr): for i in range(len(arr)): min_idx = i for j in range(i+1, len(arr)): if arr[j] < arr[min_idx]: min_idx = j arr[i], arr[min_idx] = arr[min_idx], arr[i] 5. Insertion Sort This algorithm builds the final list one item at a time. Time Complexity: Best Case: O(n) Average Case: O(n²) Worst Case: O(n²) Java Example: javaCopyEditvoid insertionSort(int arr[]) { for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) { int key = arr[i]; int j = i - 1; while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) { arr[j + 1] = arr[j]; j = j - 1; } arr[j + 1] = key; } } 6. Merge Sort Merge Sort splits the array into halves and merges them back in order. Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms like Merge Sort is usually better. Best Case: O(n log n) Average Case: O(n log n) Worst Case: O(n log n) Python Example: pythonCopyEditdef merge_sort(arr): if len(arr) > 1: mid = len(arr) // 2 left = arr[:mid] right = arr[mid:] merge_sort(left) merge_sort(right) i = j = k = 0 while i < len(left) and j < len(right): if left[i] < right[j]: arr[k] = left[i] i += 1 else: arr[k] = right[j] j += 1 k += 1 arr[k:] = left[i:] + right[j:] 7. Quick Sort Quick Sort picks a pivot and places smaller numbers before it. Time Complexity: Best Case: O(n log n) Average Case: O(n log n) Worst Case: O(n²) C++ Example: cppCopyEditint partition(int arr[], int low, int high) { int pivot = arr[high]; int i = low - 1; for (int j = low; j < high; j++) { if (arr[j] < pivot) { i++; swap(arr[i], arr[j]); } } swap(arr[i+1], arr[high]); return i + 1; } void quickSort(int arr[], int low, int high) { if (low < high) { int pi = partition(arr, low, high); quickSort(arr, low, pi - 1); quickSort(arr, pi + 1, high); } } 8. Built-in Sort Methods Languages have built-in sort functions. These are well-optimized. Python: sorted() or list.sort() uses TimSort Time Complexity: O(n log n) Java: Arrays.sort() uses Dual-Pivot QuickSort Time Complexity: O(n log n) C++: std::sort() uses IntroSort Time Complexity: O(n log n) These are better for most real-world tasks. 9. Time Complexity Comparison Table AlgorithmBestAverageWorstStableBubble SortO(n)O(n²)O(n²)YesSelection SortO(n²)O(n²)O(n²)NoInsertion SortO(n)O(n²)O(n²)YesMerge SortO(n log n)O(n log n)O(n log n)YesQuick SortO(n log n)O(n log n)O(n²)NoTimSort (Python)O(n)O(n log n)O(n log n)YesIntroSort (C++)O(n log n)O(n log n)O(n log n)No 10. How to Choose the Right Algorithm? Use Merge Sort for large stable data. Use Quick Sort for faster average speed. Use Insertion Sort for small or nearly sorted lists. Use built-in sort functions unless you need control. Conclusion The Time Complexity of Sorting Algorithms helps us pick the right tool. Bubble, Selection, and Insertion Sort are simple but slow. Merge and Quick Sort are faster and used often. Built-in functions are highly optimized. Python, Java, and C++ each have their strengths. Understand your problem and input size. Then pick the sorting method. This ensures better speed and performance in your code. Tech World TimesTech World Times (TWT), a global collective focusing on the latest tech news and trends in blockchain, Fintech, Development & Testing, AI and Startups. If you are looking for the guest post then contact at techworldtimes@gmail.com
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  • 8 Best Sateen Sheets for a Polished Bedscape, Tested by AD (2025)

    All products featured on Architectural Digest are independently selected by our editors. However, we may receive compensation from retailers and/or from purchases of products through these links.Featured in this articleBest Overall Sateen SheetsBoll & Branch Signature Hemmed Sheet SetFor a Romantic DrapeEttitude CleanBamboo Sheet Set The Affordable PickGood Sleep Bedding Egyptian Cotton Sateen SheetsShow more3 / 8A close cousin to percale and silk, the best sateen sheets offer a happy medium of refinement and softness, all in one durability, and an easy-to-clean fabric.Sateen is known for having a polished appearance because of its lustrous sheen and wrinkle-resistant material. This comes from a tight satin weave that leaves a shiny look without compromising a smooth hand feel. While you can find this bedding in elevated spaces like this vibrant West Village town house thanks to embroidered touches and traditional prints, they’re surprisingly versatile and come in many forms. Here, our editors dive into their favorites for their bedrooms. Since you can find many in higher thread counts though, these are durable enough for any room in the house—as seen in this family-friendly getaway.Inside this ArticleBest Overall Sateen Sheets1/8Boll & Branch Signature Hemmed Sheet SetBoll & Branch caught commerce director Rachel Fletcher’s attention when she was browsing for new sheets for a few reasons. One: The brand makes organic and fair trade sheets: Two: She loves a sateen weave, and the retailer mentioned that this set was their bestseller and she wanted to see what the hype was about. “Boll & Branch claims that these cotton sateen sheets are buttery soft, and I definitely agree,” Fletcher says. “That extra-soft feel paired with the lovely, cooling properties make them feel like the luxury sheets that they are.” Along with an earthy color paletteand thoughtful hem detailing, this set stood out to be our top pick. These do have a higher price point, but as some of the plushest sheets she’s slept on, Fletcher thinks they’re worth it.Specs:Material: 100% organic cottonThread count: N/ASizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, King With Std. Cases, California King, Split KingColors: 18 colors; 8 printsUpsides & DownsidesUpsidesSustainable materialBreathableOrganic colorwaysDownsidesExpensiveFor a Romantic DrapePhoto: Yelena Moroz AlpertPhoto: Yelena Moroz Alpert2/8Ettitude CleanBamboo Sheet Set “These sheets are buttery—pun intended,” says senior commerce editor Nashia Baker, who has the set in the butter yellow hue and loves the fabric’s delicate yet durable feel. Contributor Yelena Moroz Alpert also has this set and says that the cooling lyocell fabric set takes the bamboo sheets category up a notch. “Somehow they feel substantial but incredibly light and smooth,” she says of this splurge-worthy set. “The site says that the silky-soft sateen weave is comparable to 1,000 thread count cotton—and I believe it. I’ve never touched a baby alpaca, but I imagine that it’s as soft as these sheets.”Specs:Material: 100% CleanBamboo lyocellThread count: 1,000 thread countSizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, California KingColors: 8Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesPearly appearanceLightweightUltra softDownsidesPriceyThe Affordable Pick3/8Good Sleep Bedding Egyptian Cotton Sateen SheetsDon’t overlook the best Amazon sheets for high-end sateen bedding. Contributor Erika Owen says these are a great option: “After a single night, they became my favorite set, and a few more nights and a wash only locked in this opinion.” She says they’re sumptuous, cool, and durable—and their qualityhasn’t changed after many rounds through the washer and dryer. “I would buy these as a gift for my best friend, if that tells you anything about how much I recommend these,” says Owen. “There’s nothing better than feeling really good as you hit the hay—who doesn’t want a luxury bed situation—and I felt that way every time I dug into these silky sheets. Let it also be known that I’m no stranger to night sweats and these kept me cool every single night.” The finishing touches are the deep pockets and sturdy elastic on the fitted sheet to fit a grand mattress.Specs:Material: 100% Egyptian cottonThread count: 1,000 thread countSizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, California King, Split KingColors: 13Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesHigher thread countCoolingSturdy after several washesDownsidesSome shoppers found the fabric weightyA Vibrant Print4/8Rifle Paper Co. Peacock Sateen Bed Sheet SetThese are some of the softest bed sheets out there, just take it from Alpert. Not only are they comfortable to sink into night after night thanks to the plush 300 thread count, but they also veer away from traditional patterns and solid colorways. “I was originally drawn to the peacock print because it is just so whimsical and livens up my guest bedroom,” Alpert says. “But these are also buttery soft. Maybe too soft—my guests never want to leave.” If it wasn’t for the true-to-Rifle print, she would mistake these for hotel sheets because of their supple feel.Specs:Material: 100% combed cotton sateenThread count: 300 thread countSizes: Twin, Full, Queen, KingColors: 3Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesUnique patternsSuppleAiry materialDownsidesNot as ideal for minimalistsClassic Core Set5/8Brooklinen Luxe Sateen Core Sheet SetIf you want sheets with unparalleled quality, durability, and softness that gets better with every wash, multiple AD staff members say you can’t go wrong with these Brooklinen sheets. Fletcher shares that this sateen set is “super classic, smooth, and has a crisp feel.” Sleepers with sensitive skin will also be happy to know that they’re “not at all scratchy or harsh on my skin, like some of the less expensive options I’ve tried in the past,” Fletcher adds.Specs:Material: 100% long-staple cottonThread count: 480 thread countSizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, California KingColors: 22Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesStructured fabric like a press shirtWrinkle-free designAffordableDownsidesLimited-edition colors sell out fastMore AD-Approved Sateen Sheets6/8Hill House Home Fitted Sheet“For a top sheet and fitted sheet, I truly didn’t know what to expect from a brand as new to the decor game as Hill House Home, but was delightfully surprised at the quality and attention to detail that was put into making these products,” contributor Katarina Kovac says of these Hill House Home sheets.“I wanted something that was crisp yet elevated, and the colored trim in the Savile Sheets was my answer.” Since she’s had her fair share of sheets that have a sandpaper-like texture, she paid close attention to how well these felt after the first wash. To her delight, these “felt soft, velvety, and breathable against my skin, leaving me truly struggling to get out of bed in the morning.”Specs:Material: 100% brushed cotton sateenThread count: N/ASizes: Twin, Full, Queen, King, California KingColors: 6Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesTraditional printsLushSmooth feelThoughtful trimDownsidesFlat sheet, fitted sheet, and pillowcases are sold separately7/8Homebird Sateen Fitted SheetsFletcher loves an ethically made, slippery sateen weave, and it took just one night of sleep to be sold on this Homebird set. “They’re very high quality and everything you want in a sateen sheet: incredibly soft to the touch and slightly silky, with a sturdiness to them that you can tell is the result of a high thread count,” she says. “They fit my bed perfectly and also have the most useful feature that, in my opinion, every set of sheets ever made should have: a long-side and short-side label.”Specs:Material: 100% GOTS-certified, long-staple organic cottonThread count: 300 thread countSizes: Full, Queen, KingColors: 7Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesSilky smoothHelpful labels to make the bedDeep pocketsDownsidesOnly available in muted tones
    #best #sateen #sheets #polished #bedscape
    8 Best Sateen Sheets for a Polished Bedscape, Tested by AD (2025)
    All products featured on Architectural Digest are independently selected by our editors. However, we may receive compensation from retailers and/or from purchases of products through these links.Featured in this articleBest Overall Sateen SheetsBoll & Branch Signature Hemmed Sheet SetFor a Romantic DrapeEttitude CleanBamboo Sheet Set The Affordable PickGood Sleep Bedding Egyptian Cotton Sateen SheetsShow more3 / 8A close cousin to percale and silk, the best sateen sheets offer a happy medium of refinement and softness, all in one durability, and an easy-to-clean fabric.Sateen is known for having a polished appearance because of its lustrous sheen and wrinkle-resistant material. This comes from a tight satin weave that leaves a shiny look without compromising a smooth hand feel. While you can find this bedding in elevated spaces like this vibrant West Village town house thanks to embroidered touches and traditional prints, they’re surprisingly versatile and come in many forms. Here, our editors dive into their favorites for their bedrooms. Since you can find many in higher thread counts though, these are durable enough for any room in the house—as seen in this family-friendly getaway.Inside this ArticleBest Overall Sateen Sheets1/8Boll & Branch Signature Hemmed Sheet SetBoll & Branch caught commerce director Rachel Fletcher’s attention when she was browsing for new sheets for a few reasons. One: The brand makes organic and fair trade sheets: Two: She loves a sateen weave, and the retailer mentioned that this set was their bestseller and she wanted to see what the hype was about. “Boll & Branch claims that these cotton sateen sheets are buttery soft, and I definitely agree,” Fletcher says. “That extra-soft feel paired with the lovely, cooling properties make them feel like the luxury sheets that they are.” Along with an earthy color paletteand thoughtful hem detailing, this set stood out to be our top pick. These do have a higher price point, but as some of the plushest sheets she’s slept on, Fletcher thinks they’re worth it.Specs:Material: 100% organic cottonThread count: N/ASizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, King With Std. Cases, California King, Split KingColors: 18 colors; 8 printsUpsides & DownsidesUpsidesSustainable materialBreathableOrganic colorwaysDownsidesExpensiveFor a Romantic DrapePhoto: Yelena Moroz AlpertPhoto: Yelena Moroz Alpert2/8Ettitude CleanBamboo Sheet Set “These sheets are buttery—pun intended,” says senior commerce editor Nashia Baker, who has the set in the butter yellow hue and loves the fabric’s delicate yet durable feel. Contributor Yelena Moroz Alpert also has this set and says that the cooling lyocell fabric set takes the bamboo sheets category up a notch. “Somehow they feel substantial but incredibly light and smooth,” she says of this splurge-worthy set. “The site says that the silky-soft sateen weave is comparable to 1,000 thread count cotton—and I believe it. I’ve never touched a baby alpaca, but I imagine that it’s as soft as these sheets.”Specs:Material: 100% CleanBamboo lyocellThread count: 1,000 thread countSizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, California KingColors: 8Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesPearly appearanceLightweightUltra softDownsidesPriceyThe Affordable Pick3/8Good Sleep Bedding Egyptian Cotton Sateen SheetsDon’t overlook the best Amazon sheets for high-end sateen bedding. Contributor Erika Owen says these are a great option: “After a single night, they became my favorite set, and a few more nights and a wash only locked in this opinion.” She says they’re sumptuous, cool, and durable—and their qualityhasn’t changed after many rounds through the washer and dryer. “I would buy these as a gift for my best friend, if that tells you anything about how much I recommend these,” says Owen. “There’s nothing better than feeling really good as you hit the hay—who doesn’t want a luxury bed situation—and I felt that way every time I dug into these silky sheets. Let it also be known that I’m no stranger to night sweats and these kept me cool every single night.” The finishing touches are the deep pockets and sturdy elastic on the fitted sheet to fit a grand mattress.Specs:Material: 100% Egyptian cottonThread count: 1,000 thread countSizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, California King, Split KingColors: 13Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesHigher thread countCoolingSturdy after several washesDownsidesSome shoppers found the fabric weightyA Vibrant Print4/8Rifle Paper Co. Peacock Sateen Bed Sheet SetThese are some of the softest bed sheets out there, just take it from Alpert. Not only are they comfortable to sink into night after night thanks to the plush 300 thread count, but they also veer away from traditional patterns and solid colorways. “I was originally drawn to the peacock print because it is just so whimsical and livens up my guest bedroom,” Alpert says. “But these are also buttery soft. Maybe too soft—my guests never want to leave.” If it wasn’t for the true-to-Rifle print, she would mistake these for hotel sheets because of their supple feel.Specs:Material: 100% combed cotton sateenThread count: 300 thread countSizes: Twin, Full, Queen, KingColors: 3Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesUnique patternsSuppleAiry materialDownsidesNot as ideal for minimalistsClassic Core Set5/8Brooklinen Luxe Sateen Core Sheet SetIf you want sheets with unparalleled quality, durability, and softness that gets better with every wash, multiple AD staff members say you can’t go wrong with these Brooklinen sheets. Fletcher shares that this sateen set is “super classic, smooth, and has a crisp feel.” Sleepers with sensitive skin will also be happy to know that they’re “not at all scratchy or harsh on my skin, like some of the less expensive options I’ve tried in the past,” Fletcher adds.Specs:Material: 100% long-staple cottonThread count: 480 thread countSizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, California KingColors: 22Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesStructured fabric like a press shirtWrinkle-free designAffordableDownsidesLimited-edition colors sell out fastMore AD-Approved Sateen Sheets6/8Hill House Home Fitted Sheet“For a top sheet and fitted sheet, I truly didn’t know what to expect from a brand as new to the decor game as Hill House Home, but was delightfully surprised at the quality and attention to detail that was put into making these products,” contributor Katarina Kovac says of these Hill House Home sheets.“I wanted something that was crisp yet elevated, and the colored trim in the Savile Sheets was my answer.” Since she’s had her fair share of sheets that have a sandpaper-like texture, she paid close attention to how well these felt after the first wash. To her delight, these “felt soft, velvety, and breathable against my skin, leaving me truly struggling to get out of bed in the morning.”Specs:Material: 100% brushed cotton sateenThread count: N/ASizes: Twin, Full, Queen, King, California KingColors: 6Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesTraditional printsLushSmooth feelThoughtful trimDownsidesFlat sheet, fitted sheet, and pillowcases are sold separately7/8Homebird Sateen Fitted SheetsFletcher loves an ethically made, slippery sateen weave, and it took just one night of sleep to be sold on this Homebird set. “They’re very high quality and everything you want in a sateen sheet: incredibly soft to the touch and slightly silky, with a sturdiness to them that you can tell is the result of a high thread count,” she says. “They fit my bed perfectly and also have the most useful feature that, in my opinion, every set of sheets ever made should have: a long-side and short-side label.”Specs:Material: 100% GOTS-certified, long-staple organic cottonThread count: 300 thread countSizes: Full, Queen, KingColors: 7Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesSilky smoothHelpful labels to make the bedDeep pocketsDownsidesOnly available in muted tones #best #sateen #sheets #polished #bedscape
    WWW.ARCHITECTURALDIGEST.COM
    8 Best Sateen Sheets for a Polished Bedscape, Tested by AD (2025)
    All products featured on Architectural Digest are independently selected by our editors. However, we may receive compensation from retailers and/or from purchases of products through these links.Featured in this articleBest Overall Sateen SheetsBoll & Branch Signature Hemmed Sheet SetRead moreFor a Romantic DrapeEttitude CleanBamboo Sheet Set Read moreThe Affordable PickGood Sleep Bedding Egyptian Cotton Sateen SheetsRead moreShow more3 / 8A close cousin to percale and silk, the best sateen sheets offer a happy medium of refinement and softness, all in one durability, and an easy-to-clean fabric.Sateen is known for having a polished appearance because of its lustrous sheen and wrinkle-resistant material. This comes from a tight satin weave that leaves a shiny look without compromising a smooth hand feel. While you can find this bedding in elevated spaces like this vibrant West Village town house thanks to embroidered touches and traditional prints, they’re surprisingly versatile and come in many forms. Here, our editors dive into their favorites for their bedrooms. Since you can find many in higher thread counts though (which we dive into more below), these are durable enough for any room in the house—as seen in this family-friendly getaway.Inside this ArticleBest Overall Sateen Sheets1/8Boll & Branch Signature Hemmed Sheet SetBoll & Branch caught commerce director Rachel Fletcher’s attention when she was browsing for new sheets for a few reasons. One: The brand makes organic and fair trade sheets: Two: She loves a sateen weave, and the retailer mentioned that this set was their bestseller and she wanted to see what the hype was about. “Boll & Branch claims that these cotton sateen sheets are buttery soft, and I definitely agree,” Fletcher says. “That extra-soft feel paired with the lovely, cooling properties make them feel like the luxury sheets that they are.” Along with an earthy color palette (Fletcher has her set in mineral) and thoughtful hem detailing, this set stood out to be our top pick. These do have a higher price point, but as some of the plushest sheets she’s slept on, Fletcher thinks they’re worth it.Specs:Material: 100% organic cottonThread count: N/ASizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, King With Std. Cases, California King, Split KingColors: 18 colors; 8 printsUpsides & DownsidesUpsidesSustainable materialBreathableOrganic colorwaysDownsidesExpensiveFor a Romantic DrapePhoto: Yelena Moroz AlpertPhoto: Yelena Moroz Alpert2/8Ettitude CleanBamboo Sheet Set “These sheets are buttery—pun intended,” says senior commerce editor Nashia Baker, who has the set in the butter yellow hue and loves the fabric’s delicate yet durable feel. Contributor Yelena Moroz Alpert also has this set and says that the cooling lyocell fabric set takes the bamboo sheets category up a notch. “Somehow they feel substantial but incredibly light and smooth,” she says of this splurge-worthy set. “The site says that the silky-soft sateen weave is comparable to 1,000 thread count cotton—and I believe it. I’ve never touched a baby alpaca, but I imagine that it’s as soft as these sheets.”Specs:Material: 100% CleanBamboo lyocellThread count: 1,000 thread countSizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, California KingColors: 8Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesPearly appearanceLightweightUltra softDownsidesPriceyThe Affordable Pick3/8Good Sleep Bedding Egyptian Cotton Sateen SheetsDon’t overlook the best Amazon sheets for high-end sateen bedding. Contributor Erika Owen says these are a great option: “After a single night, they became my favorite set, and a few more nights and a wash only locked in this opinion.” She says they’re sumptuous, cool, and durable—and their quality (think texture, weight, and comfort) hasn’t changed after many rounds through the washer and dryer. “I would buy these as a gift for my best friend, if that tells you anything about how much I recommend these,” says Owen. “There’s nothing better than feeling really good as you hit the hay—who doesn’t want a luxury bed situation—and I felt that way every time I dug into these silky sheets. Let it also be known that I’m no stranger to night sweats and these kept me cool every single night.” The finishing touches are the deep pockets and sturdy elastic on the fitted sheet to fit a grand mattress.Specs:Material: 100% Egyptian cottonThread count: 1,000 thread countSizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, California King, Split KingColors: 13Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesHigher thread countCoolingSturdy after several washesDownsidesSome shoppers found the fabric weightyA Vibrant Print4/8Rifle Paper Co. Peacock Sateen Bed Sheet SetThese are some of the softest bed sheets out there, just take it from Alpert. Not only are they comfortable to sink into night after night thanks to the plush 300 thread count, but they also veer away from traditional patterns and solid colorways. “I was originally drawn to the peacock print because it is just so whimsical and livens up my guest bedroom,” Alpert says. “But these are also buttery soft. Maybe too soft—my guests never want to leave.” If it wasn’t for the true-to-Rifle print, she would mistake these for hotel sheets because of their supple feel.Specs:Material: 100% combed cotton sateenThread count: 300 thread countSizes: Twin, Full, Queen, KingColors: 3Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesUnique patternsSuppleAiry materialDownsidesNot as ideal for minimalistsClassic Core Set5/8Brooklinen Luxe Sateen Core Sheet SetIf you want sheets with unparalleled quality, durability, and softness that gets better with every wash, multiple AD staff members say you can’t go wrong with these Brooklinen sheets. Fletcher shares that this sateen set is “super classic, smooth, and has a crisp feel.” Sleepers with sensitive skin will also be happy to know that they’re “not at all scratchy or harsh on my skin, like some of the less expensive options I’ve tried in the past,” Fletcher adds.Specs:Material: 100% long-staple cottonThread count: 480 thread countSizes: Twin, Twin XL, Full, Queen, King, California KingColors: 22Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesStructured fabric like a press shirtWrinkle-free designAffordableDownsidesLimited-edition colors sell out fastMore AD-Approved Sateen Sheets6/8Hill House Home Fitted Sheet“For a $100 top sheet and $125 fitted sheet, I truly didn’t know what to expect from a brand as new to the decor game as Hill House Home, but was delightfully surprised at the quality and attention to detail that was put into making these products,” contributor Katarina Kovac says of these Hill House Home sheets.“I wanted something that was crisp yet elevated, and the colored trim in the Savile Sheets was my answer.” Since she’s had her fair share of sheets that have a sandpaper-like texture, she paid close attention to how well these felt after the first wash. To her delight, these “felt soft, velvety, and breathable against my skin, leaving me truly struggling to get out of bed in the morning.”Specs:Material: 100% brushed cotton sateenThread count: N/ASizes: Twin, Full, Queen, King, California KingColors: 6Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesTraditional printsLushSmooth feelThoughtful trimDownsidesFlat sheet, fitted sheet, and pillowcases are sold separately7/8Homebird Sateen Fitted Sheets (Set of 3)Fletcher loves an ethically made, slippery sateen weave, and it took just one night of sleep to be sold on this Homebird set. “They’re very high quality and everything you want in a sateen sheet: incredibly soft to the touch and slightly silky, with a sturdiness to them that you can tell is the result of a high thread count,” she says. “They fit my bed perfectly and also have the most useful feature that, in my opinion, every set of sheets ever made should have: a long-side and short-side label.”Specs:Material: 100% GOTS-certified, long-staple organic cottonThread count: 300 thread countSizes: Full, Queen, KingColors: 7Upsides & DownsidesUpsidesSilky smoothHelpful labels to make the bedDeep pocketsDownsidesOnly available in muted tones
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  • The Best Hidden-Gem Etsy Shops for Fans of Farmhouse Style

    Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingCountry Living editors select each product featured. If you buy from a link, we may earn a commission. Why Trust Us?Like a well-made quilt, a classic farmhouse aesthetic comes together gradually—a little bit of this, a touch of that. Each addition is purposeful and personal—and isn’t that what home is all about, really? If this type of slowed-down style speaks to you, you're probably already well aware that Etsy is a treasure trove of finds both new and old to fit your timeless farmhouse aesthetic. But with more than eight million active sellers on its marketplace, sometimes the possibilities—vintage feed sacks! primitive pie safes! galvanized grain scoops!—can quickly go from enticing to overwhelming.To better guide your search for the finest farmhouse furnishings, we’ve gathered a go-to list of editor-and designer-beloved Etsy shops which, time and again, turn out hardworking, homespun pieces of heirloom quality. From beautiful antique bureaus to hand-block-printed table linens, the character-rich wares from these sellers will help you design the farmhouse of your dreams, piece by precious piece. Related Stories For Antique AmericanaAcorn and Alice Every good old-fashioned farmhouse could use some traditional Americana to set the tone, and this Pennsylvania salvage shop offers rustic touches loaded with authentic antique allure. Aged wooden wares abound, as well as a grab bag of cotton and burlap feed sacks, perfect for framing as sets or crafting into footstool covers or throw pillows. For French Country TextilesForest and LinenThere’s nothing quite like breezy natural fabrics to make you want to throw open all the windows and let that country air in while the pie cools. Unfussy and lightweight, the hand-crafted curtains, bedding, and table linens from these Lithuanian textile experts have a classic understated quality that would be right at home in the coziest guest room or most bustling kitchen. Warm, welcoming hues range from marigold yellow to cornflower blue, but soft gingham checkers and timeless French ticking feel especially farm-fresh. Our current favorite? These cherry-striped country cafe curtains. Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingVintage red torchons feel right at home in a farmhouse kitchenFor Rustic RugsOld New HouseWhether or not you’re lucky enough to have gorgeous wide-plank floors, an antique area rug or runner can work wonders for giving a room instant character and warmth. This fifth-generation family-run retailer specializes in importing heirloom hand-knotted carpets dating back to the 1800s, with a focus on traditional designs from the masters in Turkey, India, Persia, and more. Their vast variety of sizes and styles offers something for every aesthetic, with one-of-a-kind patterns ranging from distressed neutrals to chain-stitched florals to ornate arabesques. For Pillows and ProvisionsHabitation BohemeIn true farmhouse fashion, this Indiana shop has curated an enticing blend of handcrafted and vintage homewares that work effortlessly well together. A line of cozy hand-stitched linen pillow coverssits prettily alongside a mix of found objects, from patinated brass candlesticks and etched cloisonné vases to sturdy stoneware crockery and woven wicker baskets. For Elegant Everyday DishwareConvivial ProductionSimple, yet undeniably stunning, the handcrafted dinnerware from this Missouri-based ceramist is designed with durability in mind. Produced in a single, time-tested shade of ivory white glaze, these practical stoneware cups, bowls, and plates make the perfect place settings for lively farm-to-table feasts with friends and family. Beautifully balancing softness and heft, each dish is meant to feel comfortable when being held and passed, but also to look attractive when stacked upon open shelving. For English Country Antiques1100 West Co.This Illinois antiques shop is stocked with all manner of versatile vintage vessels culled from the English countryside, from massive stoneware crocks to charming little escargot pots. Their collection of neutral containers can be adapted for nearly any provincial purpose, but we especially love their assortment of old advertising—from toothpaste pots to marmalade jars and ginger beer bottles galore—for a nice little nod to the quintessential country practice of repurposing what you’ve got. Brian Woodcock/Country LivingPretty English ironstone will always have our heart.For a Cozy GlowOlde Brick LightingConstructed by hand from cord to shade, the vintage-inspired lighting produced by this Pennsylvania retailer is a tribute to the iconic quality and character of old American fixtures. Nostalgic design elements include hand-blown glassand finishes ranging from matte black to brushed nickel and antique brass. To create an authentic farmhouse ambiance, check out their gooseneck sconces, enameled red and blue barn lights, and milky white striped schoolhouse flush mounts. For Enduring ArtifactsThrough the PortholeThe weathered, artisan-made wares curated by this California husband-and-wife duo have been hand-selected from around the globe for their time-etched character. From gorgeous gray-black terracotta vases and rust-colored Turkish clay pots to patinated brass cow bells and rustic reclaimed elm stools, each item is a testament to the lasting beauty of classic materials, with storied sun-bleaching and scratches befitting the most beloved, lived-in rooms. For Winsome Wall ArtEugenia Ciotola ArtThrough graceful brushstrokes and textural swirls of paint, Maryland-based artist Eugenia Ciotola has captured the natural joy of a life that’s simple and sweet. Her pieces celebrate quiet scenes of bucolic beauty, from billowing bouquets of peonies to stoic red barns sitting in fields of wavy green. For a parlor gallery or gathering space, we gravitate toward her original oils on canvas—an impasto still life, perhaps, or a plainly frocked maiden carrying a bountiful bowl of lemons—while her stately farm animal portraitswould look lovely in a child’s nursery.For Time-Tested Storage SolutionsMaterials DivisionFunction is forefront for this farmhouse supplier operating out of New York, whose specialized selection of vintage provisions have lived out dutiful lives of purpose. Standouts include a curated offering of trusty antique tool boxes and sturdy steel-clad trunks whose rugged patina tells the story of many-a household project. Meanwhile, a hardworking mix of industrial wire and woven wood gathering baskets sits handsomely alongside heavy-duty galvanized garbage bins and antique fireplace andirons.For Pastoral PrimitivesComfort Work RoomFull of history and heritage, the old, hand-fabricated furnishings and primitive wooden tools in this unique Ukrainian antique shop are rural remnants of simpler times gone by. Quaint kitchen staples like chippy chiseled spoons, scoops, and cutting boards make an accessible entry point for the casual collector, while scuffed up dough troughs, butter churns, washboards, and barrels are highly desirable conversation pieces for any antique enthusiast who’s dedicated to authentic detail. Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingAntique washboards make for on-theme wall art in a laundry roomFor Heirloom-Quality CoverletsBluegrass QuiltsNo layered farmhouse look would be complete without the homey, tactile touch of a hand-pieced quilt or two draped intentionally about the room. From harvest-hued sawtooth stars to playful patchwork pinwheels, each exquisite blanket from this Kentucky-based artisan is slow-crafted in traditional fashion from 100% cotton materials, and can even be custom stitched from scratch to match your personal color palette and decorative purpose. For a classic country aesthetic, try a log cabin, double diamond, or star patch pattern. For Hand-Crafted GiftsSelselaFeaturing a busy barnyard’s worth of plucky chickens, cuddly sheep, and happy little Holstein cows, this Illinois woodworker’s whimsical line of farm figurines and other giftable goodiesis chock-full of hand-carved charm. Crafted from 100% recycled birch and painted in loving detail, each creature has a deliberately rough-hewn look and feel worthy of any cozy and collected home. For Open-Concept CabinetryFolkhausA hallmark of many modern farmhouses, open-concept shelving has become a stylish way to show that the practical wares you use everyday are the same ones you’re proud to put on display. With their signature line of bracketed wall shelves, Shaker-style peg shelves, and raw steel kitchen rails, the team at Folkhaus has created a range of open storage solutions that beautifully balances elevated design and rustic utility. Rounding out their collection is a selection of open-shelved accent pieces like bookcases, benches, and console tables—each crafted from character-rich kiln-dried timber and finished in your choice of stain.Related StoryFor Antique Farmhouse FurnitureCottage Treasures LVThe foundation of a well-furnished farmhouse often begins with a single prized piece. Whether it’s a slant-front desk, a primitive jelly cabinet, or a punched-tin pie safe, this established New York-based dealer has a knack for sourcing vintage treasures with the personality and presence to anchor an entire space. Distressed cupboards and cabinets may be their bread and butterbut you’ll also find a robust roundup of weathered farm tables, Windsor chairs, and blanket chests—and currently, even a rare 1500s English bench. For Lively Table LinensMoontea StudioAs any devotee of slow decorating knows, sometimes it’s the little details that really bring a look home. For a spot of cheer along with your afternoon tea, we love the hand-stamped table linens from this Washington-based printmaker, which put a peppy, modern spin on farm-fresh produce. Patterned with lush illustrations of bright red tomatoes, crisp green apples, and golden sunflowers—then neatly finished with a color-coordinated hand-stitched trim—each tea towel, placemat, and napkin pays homage to the hours we spend doting over our gardens. For Traditional TransferwarePrior TimeThere’s lots to love about this Massachusetts antiques shop, which admittedly skews slightly cottagecorebut the standout, for us, is the seller’s superior selection of dinner and serving ware. In addition to a lovely lot of mottled white ironstone platters and pitchers, you’ll find a curated mix of Ridgeway and Wedgwood transferware dishes in not only classic cobalt blue, but beautiful browns, greens, and purples, too.Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingPretty brown transferware could be yours with one quick "add to cart."For Folk Art for Your FloorsKinFolk ArtworkDesigned by a West Virginia watercolor and oils artist with a penchant for painting the past, these silky chenille floor mats feature an original cast of colonial characters and folksy scenes modeled after heirloom textiles from the 18th and 19th centuries. Expect lots of early American and patriotic motifs, including old-fashioned flags, Pennsylvania Dutch fraktur, equestrian vignettes, and colonial house samplers—each made to mimic a vintage hooked rug for that cozy, homespun feeling.For Historical ReproductionsSchooner Bay Co.Even in the most painstakingly appointed interior, buying antique originals isn’t always an option. And that’s where this trusted Pennsylvania-based retailer for historical reproductions comes in. Offering a colossal collection of framed art prints, decorative trays, and brass objects, these connoisseurs of the classics have decor for every old-timey aesthetic, whether it’s fox hunt prints for your cabin, Dutch landscapes for your cottage, or primitive animal portraits for your farmstead.For General Store StaplesFarmhouse EclecticsHand-plucked from New England antique shops, estate sales, and auctions, the salvaged sundries from this Massachusetts-based supplierare the type you might spy in an old country store—wooden crates emblazoned with the names of local dairies, antique apple baskets, seed displays, signs, and scales. Whether you’re setting up your farmstand or styling your entryway, you’ll have plenty of storage options and authentic accents to pick from here. Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingSo many food scales, so little time.Related StoriesJackie BuddieJackie Buddie is a freelance writer with more than a decade of editorial experience covering lifestyle topics including home decor how-tos, fashion trend deep dives, seasonal gift guides, and in-depth profiles of artists and creatives around the globe. She holds a degree in journalism from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and received her M.F.A. in creative writing from Boston University. Jackie is, among other things, a collector of curiosities, Catskills land caretaker, dabbling DIYer, day hiker, and mom. She lives in the hills of Bovina, New York, with her family and her sweet-as-pie rescue dog.
    #best #hiddengem #etsy #shops #fans
    The Best Hidden-Gem Etsy Shops for Fans of Farmhouse Style
    Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingCountry Living editors select each product featured. If you buy from a link, we may earn a commission. Why Trust Us?Like a well-made quilt, a classic farmhouse aesthetic comes together gradually—a little bit of this, a touch of that. Each addition is purposeful and personal—and isn’t that what home is all about, really? If this type of slowed-down style speaks to you, you're probably already well aware that Etsy is a treasure trove of finds both new and old to fit your timeless farmhouse aesthetic. But with more than eight million active sellers on its marketplace, sometimes the possibilities—vintage feed sacks! primitive pie safes! galvanized grain scoops!—can quickly go from enticing to overwhelming.To better guide your search for the finest farmhouse furnishings, we’ve gathered a go-to list of editor-and designer-beloved Etsy shops which, time and again, turn out hardworking, homespun pieces of heirloom quality. From beautiful antique bureaus to hand-block-printed table linens, the character-rich wares from these sellers will help you design the farmhouse of your dreams, piece by precious piece. Related Stories For Antique AmericanaAcorn and Alice Every good old-fashioned farmhouse could use some traditional Americana to set the tone, and this Pennsylvania salvage shop offers rustic touches loaded with authentic antique allure. Aged wooden wares abound, as well as a grab bag of cotton and burlap feed sacks, perfect for framing as sets or crafting into footstool covers or throw pillows. For French Country TextilesForest and LinenThere’s nothing quite like breezy natural fabrics to make you want to throw open all the windows and let that country air in while the pie cools. Unfussy and lightweight, the hand-crafted curtains, bedding, and table linens from these Lithuanian textile experts have a classic understated quality that would be right at home in the coziest guest room or most bustling kitchen. Warm, welcoming hues range from marigold yellow to cornflower blue, but soft gingham checkers and timeless French ticking feel especially farm-fresh. Our current favorite? These cherry-striped country cafe curtains. Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingVintage red torchons feel right at home in a farmhouse kitchenFor Rustic RugsOld New HouseWhether or not you’re lucky enough to have gorgeous wide-plank floors, an antique area rug or runner can work wonders for giving a room instant character and warmth. This fifth-generation family-run retailer specializes in importing heirloom hand-knotted carpets dating back to the 1800s, with a focus on traditional designs from the masters in Turkey, India, Persia, and more. Their vast variety of sizes and styles offers something for every aesthetic, with one-of-a-kind patterns ranging from distressed neutrals to chain-stitched florals to ornate arabesques. For Pillows and ProvisionsHabitation BohemeIn true farmhouse fashion, this Indiana shop has curated an enticing blend of handcrafted and vintage homewares that work effortlessly well together. A line of cozy hand-stitched linen pillow coverssits prettily alongside a mix of found objects, from patinated brass candlesticks and etched cloisonné vases to sturdy stoneware crockery and woven wicker baskets. For Elegant Everyday DishwareConvivial ProductionSimple, yet undeniably stunning, the handcrafted dinnerware from this Missouri-based ceramist is designed with durability in mind. Produced in a single, time-tested shade of ivory white glaze, these practical stoneware cups, bowls, and plates make the perfect place settings for lively farm-to-table feasts with friends and family. Beautifully balancing softness and heft, each dish is meant to feel comfortable when being held and passed, but also to look attractive when stacked upon open shelving. For English Country Antiques1100 West Co.This Illinois antiques shop is stocked with all manner of versatile vintage vessels culled from the English countryside, from massive stoneware crocks to charming little escargot pots. Their collection of neutral containers can be adapted for nearly any provincial purpose, but we especially love their assortment of old advertising—from toothpaste pots to marmalade jars and ginger beer bottles galore—for a nice little nod to the quintessential country practice of repurposing what you’ve got. Brian Woodcock/Country LivingPretty English ironstone will always have our heart.For a Cozy GlowOlde Brick LightingConstructed by hand from cord to shade, the vintage-inspired lighting produced by this Pennsylvania retailer is a tribute to the iconic quality and character of old American fixtures. Nostalgic design elements include hand-blown glassand finishes ranging from matte black to brushed nickel and antique brass. To create an authentic farmhouse ambiance, check out their gooseneck sconces, enameled red and blue barn lights, and milky white striped schoolhouse flush mounts. For Enduring ArtifactsThrough the PortholeThe weathered, artisan-made wares curated by this California husband-and-wife duo have been hand-selected from around the globe for their time-etched character. From gorgeous gray-black terracotta vases and rust-colored Turkish clay pots to patinated brass cow bells and rustic reclaimed elm stools, each item is a testament to the lasting beauty of classic materials, with storied sun-bleaching and scratches befitting the most beloved, lived-in rooms. For Winsome Wall ArtEugenia Ciotola ArtThrough graceful brushstrokes and textural swirls of paint, Maryland-based artist Eugenia Ciotola has captured the natural joy of a life that’s simple and sweet. Her pieces celebrate quiet scenes of bucolic beauty, from billowing bouquets of peonies to stoic red barns sitting in fields of wavy green. For a parlor gallery or gathering space, we gravitate toward her original oils on canvas—an impasto still life, perhaps, or a plainly frocked maiden carrying a bountiful bowl of lemons—while her stately farm animal portraitswould look lovely in a child’s nursery.For Time-Tested Storage SolutionsMaterials DivisionFunction is forefront for this farmhouse supplier operating out of New York, whose specialized selection of vintage provisions have lived out dutiful lives of purpose. Standouts include a curated offering of trusty antique tool boxes and sturdy steel-clad trunks whose rugged patina tells the story of many-a household project. Meanwhile, a hardworking mix of industrial wire and woven wood gathering baskets sits handsomely alongside heavy-duty galvanized garbage bins and antique fireplace andirons.For Pastoral PrimitivesComfort Work RoomFull of history and heritage, the old, hand-fabricated furnishings and primitive wooden tools in this unique Ukrainian antique shop are rural remnants of simpler times gone by. Quaint kitchen staples like chippy chiseled spoons, scoops, and cutting boards make an accessible entry point for the casual collector, while scuffed up dough troughs, butter churns, washboards, and barrels are highly desirable conversation pieces for any antique enthusiast who’s dedicated to authentic detail. Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingAntique washboards make for on-theme wall art in a laundry roomFor Heirloom-Quality CoverletsBluegrass QuiltsNo layered farmhouse look would be complete without the homey, tactile touch of a hand-pieced quilt or two draped intentionally about the room. From harvest-hued sawtooth stars to playful patchwork pinwheels, each exquisite blanket from this Kentucky-based artisan is slow-crafted in traditional fashion from 100% cotton materials, and can even be custom stitched from scratch to match your personal color palette and decorative purpose. For a classic country aesthetic, try a log cabin, double diamond, or star patch pattern. For Hand-Crafted GiftsSelselaFeaturing a busy barnyard’s worth of plucky chickens, cuddly sheep, and happy little Holstein cows, this Illinois woodworker’s whimsical line of farm figurines and other giftable goodiesis chock-full of hand-carved charm. Crafted from 100% recycled birch and painted in loving detail, each creature has a deliberately rough-hewn look and feel worthy of any cozy and collected home. For Open-Concept CabinetryFolkhausA hallmark of many modern farmhouses, open-concept shelving has become a stylish way to show that the practical wares you use everyday are the same ones you’re proud to put on display. With their signature line of bracketed wall shelves, Shaker-style peg shelves, and raw steel kitchen rails, the team at Folkhaus has created a range of open storage solutions that beautifully balances elevated design and rustic utility. Rounding out their collection is a selection of open-shelved accent pieces like bookcases, benches, and console tables—each crafted from character-rich kiln-dried timber and finished in your choice of stain.Related StoryFor Antique Farmhouse FurnitureCottage Treasures LVThe foundation of a well-furnished farmhouse often begins with a single prized piece. Whether it’s a slant-front desk, a primitive jelly cabinet, or a punched-tin pie safe, this established New York-based dealer has a knack for sourcing vintage treasures with the personality and presence to anchor an entire space. Distressed cupboards and cabinets may be their bread and butterbut you’ll also find a robust roundup of weathered farm tables, Windsor chairs, and blanket chests—and currently, even a rare 1500s English bench. For Lively Table LinensMoontea StudioAs any devotee of slow decorating knows, sometimes it’s the little details that really bring a look home. For a spot of cheer along with your afternoon tea, we love the hand-stamped table linens from this Washington-based printmaker, which put a peppy, modern spin on farm-fresh produce. Patterned with lush illustrations of bright red tomatoes, crisp green apples, and golden sunflowers—then neatly finished with a color-coordinated hand-stitched trim—each tea towel, placemat, and napkin pays homage to the hours we spend doting over our gardens. For Traditional TransferwarePrior TimeThere’s lots to love about this Massachusetts antiques shop, which admittedly skews slightly cottagecorebut the standout, for us, is the seller’s superior selection of dinner and serving ware. In addition to a lovely lot of mottled white ironstone platters and pitchers, you’ll find a curated mix of Ridgeway and Wedgwood transferware dishes in not only classic cobalt blue, but beautiful browns, greens, and purples, too.Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingPretty brown transferware could be yours with one quick "add to cart."For Folk Art for Your FloorsKinFolk ArtworkDesigned by a West Virginia watercolor and oils artist with a penchant for painting the past, these silky chenille floor mats feature an original cast of colonial characters and folksy scenes modeled after heirloom textiles from the 18th and 19th centuries. Expect lots of early American and patriotic motifs, including old-fashioned flags, Pennsylvania Dutch fraktur, equestrian vignettes, and colonial house samplers—each made to mimic a vintage hooked rug for that cozy, homespun feeling.For Historical ReproductionsSchooner Bay Co.Even in the most painstakingly appointed interior, buying antique originals isn’t always an option. And that’s where this trusted Pennsylvania-based retailer for historical reproductions comes in. Offering a colossal collection of framed art prints, decorative trays, and brass objects, these connoisseurs of the classics have decor for every old-timey aesthetic, whether it’s fox hunt prints for your cabin, Dutch landscapes for your cottage, or primitive animal portraits for your farmstead.For General Store StaplesFarmhouse EclecticsHand-plucked from New England antique shops, estate sales, and auctions, the salvaged sundries from this Massachusetts-based supplierare the type you might spy in an old country store—wooden crates emblazoned with the names of local dairies, antique apple baskets, seed displays, signs, and scales. Whether you’re setting up your farmstand or styling your entryway, you’ll have plenty of storage options and authentic accents to pick from here. Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingSo many food scales, so little time.Related StoriesJackie BuddieJackie Buddie is a freelance writer with more than a decade of editorial experience covering lifestyle topics including home decor how-tos, fashion trend deep dives, seasonal gift guides, and in-depth profiles of artists and creatives around the globe. She holds a degree in journalism from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and received her M.F.A. in creative writing from Boston University. Jackie is, among other things, a collector of curiosities, Catskills land caretaker, dabbling DIYer, day hiker, and mom. She lives in the hills of Bovina, New York, with her family and her sweet-as-pie rescue dog. #best #hiddengem #etsy #shops #fans
    WWW.COUNTRYLIVING.COM
    The Best Hidden-Gem Etsy Shops for Fans of Farmhouse Style
    Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingCountry Living editors select each product featured. If you buy from a link, we may earn a commission. Why Trust Us?Like a well-made quilt, a classic farmhouse aesthetic comes together gradually—a little bit of this, a touch of that. Each addition is purposeful and personal—and isn’t that what home is all about, really? If this type of slowed-down style speaks to you, you're probably already well aware that Etsy is a treasure trove of finds both new and old to fit your timeless farmhouse aesthetic. But with more than eight million active sellers on its marketplace, sometimes the possibilities—vintage feed sacks! primitive pie safes! galvanized grain scoops!—can quickly go from enticing to overwhelming.To better guide your search for the finest farmhouse furnishings, we’ve gathered a go-to list of editor-and designer-beloved Etsy shops which, time and again, turn out hardworking, homespun pieces of heirloom quality. From beautiful antique bureaus to hand-block-printed table linens, the character-rich wares from these sellers will help you design the farmhouse of your dreams, piece by precious piece. Related Stories For Antique AmericanaAcorn and Alice Every good old-fashioned farmhouse could use some traditional Americana to set the tone, and this Pennsylvania salvage shop offers rustic touches loaded with authentic antique allure. Aged wooden wares abound (think vintage milk crates, orchard fruit baskets, and berry boxes), as well as a grab bag of cotton and burlap feed sacks, perfect for framing as sets or crafting into footstool covers or throw pillows. For French Country TextilesForest and LinenThere’s nothing quite like breezy natural fabrics to make you want to throw open all the windows and let that country air in while the pie cools. Unfussy and lightweight, the hand-crafted curtains, bedding, and table linens from these Lithuanian textile experts have a classic understated quality that would be right at home in the coziest guest room or most bustling kitchen. Warm, welcoming hues range from marigold yellow to cornflower blue, but soft gingham checkers and timeless French ticking feel especially farm-fresh. Our current favorite? These cherry-striped country cafe curtains. Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingVintage red torchons feel right at home in a farmhouse kitchenFor Rustic RugsOld New HouseWhether or not you’re lucky enough to have gorgeous wide-plank floors, an antique area rug or runner can work wonders for giving a room instant character and warmth. This fifth-generation family-run retailer specializes in importing heirloom hand-knotted carpets dating back to the 1800s, with a focus on traditional designs from the masters in Turkey, India, Persia, and more. Their vast variety of sizes and styles offers something for every aesthetic, with one-of-a-kind patterns ranging from distressed neutrals to chain-stitched florals to ornate arabesques. For Pillows and ProvisionsHabitation BohemeIn true farmhouse fashion, this Indiana shop has curated an enticing blend of handcrafted and vintage homewares that work effortlessly well together. A line of cozy hand-stitched linen pillow covers (patterned with everything from block-printed blossoms to provincial pinstripes) sits prettily alongside a mix of found objects, from patinated brass candlesticks and etched cloisonné vases to sturdy stoneware crockery and woven wicker baskets. For Elegant Everyday DishwareConvivial ProductionSimple, yet undeniably stunning, the handcrafted dinnerware from this Missouri-based ceramist is designed with durability in mind. Produced in a single, time-tested shade of ivory white glaze, these practical stoneware cups, bowls, and plates make the perfect place settings for lively farm-to-table feasts with friends and family. Beautifully balancing softness and heft, each dish is meant to feel comfortable when being held and passed, but also to look attractive when stacked upon open shelving. For English Country Antiques1100 West Co.This Illinois antiques shop is stocked with all manner of versatile vintage vessels culled from the English countryside, from massive stoneware crocks to charming little escargot pots. Their collection of neutral containers can be adapted for nearly any provincial purpose (envision white ironstone pitchers piled high with fresh-picked hyacinths, or glass canning jars holding your harvest grains), but we especially love their assortment of old advertising—from toothpaste pots to marmalade jars and ginger beer bottles galore—for a nice little nod to the quintessential country practice of repurposing what you’ve got. Brian Woodcock/Country LivingPretty English ironstone will always have our heart.For a Cozy GlowOlde Brick LightingConstructed by hand from cord to shade, the vintage-inspired lighting produced by this Pennsylvania retailer is a tribute to the iconic quality and character of old American fixtures. Nostalgic design elements include hand-blown glass (crafted using cast-iron molds from over 80 years ago) and finishes ranging from matte black to brushed nickel and antique brass. To create an authentic farmhouse ambiance, check out their gooseneck sconces, enameled red and blue barn lights, and milky white striped schoolhouse flush mounts. For Enduring ArtifactsThrough the PortholeThe weathered, artisan-made wares curated by this California husband-and-wife duo have been hand-selected from around the globe for their time-etched character. From gorgeous gray-black terracotta vases and rust-colored Turkish clay pots to patinated brass cow bells and rustic reclaimed elm stools, each item is a testament to the lasting beauty of classic materials, with storied sun-bleaching and scratches befitting the most beloved, lived-in rooms. For Winsome Wall ArtEugenia Ciotola ArtThrough graceful brushstrokes and textural swirls of paint, Maryland-based artist Eugenia Ciotola has captured the natural joy of a life that’s simple and sweet. Her pieces celebrate quiet scenes of bucolic beauty, from billowing bouquets of peonies to stoic red barns sitting in fields of wavy green. For a parlor gallery or gathering space, we gravitate toward her original oils on canvas—an impasto still life, perhaps, or a plainly frocked maiden carrying a bountiful bowl of lemons—while her stately farm animal portraits (regal roosters! ruff collared geese!) would look lovely in a child’s nursery.For Time-Tested Storage SolutionsMaterials DivisionFunction is forefront for this farmhouse supplier operating out of New York, whose specialized selection of vintage provisions have lived out dutiful lives of purpose. Standouts include a curated offering of trusty antique tool boxes and sturdy steel-clad trunks whose rugged patina tells the story of many-a household project. Meanwhile, a hardworking mix of industrial wire and woven wood gathering baskets sits handsomely alongside heavy-duty galvanized garbage bins and antique fireplace andirons.For Pastoral PrimitivesComfort Work RoomFull of history and heritage, the old, hand-fabricated furnishings and primitive wooden tools in this unique Ukrainian antique shop are rural remnants of simpler times gone by. Quaint kitchen staples like chippy chiseled spoons, scoops, and cutting boards make an accessible entry point for the casual collector, while scuffed up dough troughs, butter churns, washboards, and barrels are highly desirable conversation pieces for any antique enthusiast who’s dedicated to authentic detail. Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingAntique washboards make for on-theme wall art in a laundry roomFor Heirloom-Quality CoverletsBluegrass QuiltsNo layered farmhouse look would be complete without the homey, tactile touch of a hand-pieced quilt or two draped intentionally about the room. From harvest-hued sawtooth stars to playful patchwork pinwheels, each exquisite blanket from this Kentucky-based artisan is slow-crafted in traditional fashion from 100% cotton materials, and can even be custom stitched from scratch to match your personal color palette and decorative purpose. For a classic country aesthetic, try a log cabin, double diamond, or star patch pattern. For Hand-Crafted GiftsSelselaFeaturing a busy barnyard’s worth of plucky chickens, cuddly sheep, and happy little Holstein cows, this Illinois woodworker’s whimsical line of farm figurines and other giftable goodies (think animal wine stoppers, keychains, fridge magnets, and cake toppers) is chock-full of hand-carved charm. Crafted from 100% recycled birch and painted in loving detail, each creature has a deliberately rough-hewn look and feel worthy of any cozy and collected home. For Open-Concept CabinetryFolkhausA hallmark of many modern farmhouses, open-concept shelving has become a stylish way to show that the practical wares you use everyday are the same ones you’re proud to put on display. With their signature line of bracketed wall shelves, Shaker-style peg shelves, and raw steel kitchen rails, the team at Folkhaus has created a range of open storage solutions that beautifully balances elevated design and rustic utility. Rounding out their collection is a selection of open-shelved accent pieces like bookcases, benches, and console tables—each crafted from character-rich kiln-dried timber and finished in your choice of stain.Related StoryFor Antique Farmhouse FurnitureCottage Treasures LVThe foundation of a well-furnished farmhouse often begins with a single prized piece. Whether it’s a slant-front desk, a primitive jelly cabinet, or a punched-tin pie safe, this established New York-based dealer has a knack for sourcing vintage treasures with the personality and presence to anchor an entire space. Distressed cupboards and cabinets may be their bread and butter (just look at this two-piece pine hutch!) but you’ll also find a robust roundup of weathered farm tables, Windsor chairs, and blanket chests—and currently, even a rare 1500s English bench. For Lively Table LinensMoontea StudioAs any devotee of slow decorating knows, sometimes it’s the little details that really bring a look home. For a spot of cheer along with your afternoon tea, we love the hand-stamped table linens from this Washington-based printmaker, which put a peppy, modern spin on farm-fresh produce. Patterned with lush illustrations of bright red tomatoes, crisp green apples, and golden sunflowers—then neatly finished with a color-coordinated hand-stitched trim—each tea towel, placemat, and napkin pays homage to the hours we spend doting over our gardens. For Traditional TransferwarePrior TimeThere’s lots to love about this Massachusetts antiques shop, which admittedly skews slightly cottagecore (the pink Baccarat perfume bottles! the hobnail milk glass vases! the huge primitive bread boards!) but the standout, for us, is the seller’s superior selection of dinner and serving ware. In addition to a lovely lot of mottled white ironstone platters and pitchers, you’ll find a curated mix of Ridgeway and Wedgwood transferware dishes in not only classic cobalt blue, but beautiful browns, greens, and purples, too.Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingPretty brown transferware could be yours with one quick "add to cart."For Folk Art for Your FloorsKinFolk ArtworkDesigned by a West Virginia watercolor and oils artist with a penchant for painting the past, these silky chenille floor mats feature an original cast of colonial characters and folksy scenes modeled after heirloom textiles from the 18th and 19th centuries. Expect lots of early American and patriotic motifs, including old-fashioned flags, Pennsylvania Dutch fraktur, equestrian vignettes, and colonial house samplers—each made to mimic a vintage hooked rug for that cozy, homespun feeling. (We have to admit, the folk art-inspired cow and chicken is our favorite.)For Historical ReproductionsSchooner Bay Co.Even in the most painstakingly appointed interior, buying antique originals isn’t always an option (don’t ask how many times we’ve been outbid at an estate auction). And that’s where this trusted Pennsylvania-based retailer for historical reproductions comes in. Offering a colossal collection of framed art prints, decorative trays, and brass objects (think magnifying glasses, compasses, paperweights, and letter openers), these connoisseurs of the classics have decor for every old-timey aesthetic, whether it’s fox hunt prints for your cabin, Dutch landscapes for your cottage, or primitive animal portraits for your farmstead.For General Store StaplesFarmhouse EclecticsHand-plucked from New England antique shops, estate sales, and auctions, the salvaged sundries from this Massachusetts-based supplier (who grew up in an 1850s farmhouse himself) are the type you might spy in an old country store—wooden crates emblazoned with the names of local dairies, antique apple baskets, seed displays, signs, and scales. Whether you’re setting up your farmstand or styling your entryway, you’ll have plenty of storage options and authentic accents to pick from here. Becky Luigart-Stayner for Country LivingSo many food scales, so little time.Related StoriesJackie BuddieJackie Buddie is a freelance writer with more than a decade of editorial experience covering lifestyle topics including home decor how-tos, fashion trend deep dives, seasonal gift guides, and in-depth profiles of artists and creatives around the globe. She holds a degree in journalism from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and received her M.F.A. in creative writing from Boston University. Jackie is, among other things, a collector of curiosities, Catskills land caretaker, dabbling DIYer, day hiker, and mom. She lives in the hills of Bovina, New York, with her family and her sweet-as-pie rescue dog.
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  • Archaeologists Stumble Onto Sprawling Ancient Roman Villa During Construction of a Road in France

    Cool Finds

    Archaeologists Stumble Onto Sprawling Ancient Roman Villa During Construction of a Road in France
    Located near Auxerre, the grand estate once possessed an exorbitant level of wealth, with thermal baths and heated floors

    Aerial view of the villa, with thermal baths at the bottom right, the garden and fountain in the center, and the agricultural fields expanding to the left
    Ch. Fouquin / INRAP

    In ancient times, all roads led to Rome—or so the saying goes. Nowadays, new roads can lead to Roman ruins.
    During construction on an alternative route to D606, a regional road just under two miles outside of Auxerre, in central France, salvage archaeologists unearthed a sprawling Roman villa complete with a stately garden, a fountain and an elaborate system of underfloor heating known as a hypocaust, according to a statement from the French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research.
    While researchers have been aware of the ruins on the outskirts of the Gallo-Roman settlement of Autissiodorumsince the 19th century, previous excavations have been limited. The most recent dig, in 1966, found a 7,500-square-foot building with ten rooms and amenities that suggested its residents enjoyed great wealth and regional power.

    The site of Sainte-Nitasse, adjacent to a regional highway

    Ch. Fouquin / INRAP

    But until now, the true scale of the villa known as Sainte-Nitasse and its surrounding agricultural estates along the River Yonne was unclear. Archaeologists at INRAP have since discovered a 43,000-square-foot building thought to date to between the first and third centuries C.E. It suggests a previously unimagined level of grandeur.
    INRAP identifies the site as one of the “grand villas of Roman Gaul,” according to the statement. Grand villas are typified by their vast dimensions and sophisticated architectural style. They typically encompass both agricultural and residential portions, known in Latin as pars rustica and pars urbana, respectively. In the pars urbana, grand villas tend to feature stately construction materials like marble; extensive mosaics and frescoes; and amenities like private baths, fountains and gardens.
    So far, the excavations at Sainte-Nitasse have revealed all these features and more.
    The villa’s development is extensive. A 4,800-square-foot garden is enclosed by a fountain to the south and a water basin, or an ornamental pond, to the north. The hypocaust, an ancient system of central heating that circulated hot air beneath the floors of the house, signals a level of luxury atypical for rural estates in Roman Gaul.

    A section of the villa's hypocaust heating system, which circulated hot air beneath the floor

    Ch. Fouquin / INRAP

    “We can imagine it as an ‘aristocratic’ villa, belonging to someone with riches, responsibilities—perhaps municipal, given the proximity to Auxerre—a landowner who had staff on site,” Alexandre Burgevin, the archaeologist in charge of the excavations with INRAP, tells France Info’s Lisa Guyenne.
    Near the banks of the Yonne, a thermal bath site contains several pools where the landowner and his family bathed. On the other side of the garden, workers toiled in the fields of a massive agricultural estate.
    Aside from its size and amenities, the villa’s level of preservation also astounded archaeologists. “For a rural site, it’s quite exceptional,” Burgevin tells L’Yonne Républicaine’s Titouan Stücker. “You can walk on floors from the time period, circulate between rooms like the Gallo-Romans did.”Over time, Autissiodorum grew to become a major city along the Via Agrippa, eventually earning the honor of serving as a provincial Roman capital by the fourth century C.E. As Gaul began slipping away from the Roman Empire around the same time, the prominence of the city fluctuated. INRAP archaeologists speculate that the site was repurposed during medieval times, around the 13th century.
    Burgevin offers several explanations for why the site remained so well preserved in subsequent centuries. The humid conditions along the banks of the river might have prevented excess decay. Since this portion of the River Yonne wasn’t canalized until the 19th century, engineers may have already been aware of the presence of ruins. Or, perhaps the rubble of the villa created “bumpy,” intractable soil that was “not easy to pass over with a tractor,” he tells France Info.
    While the site will briefly open to the public on June 15 for European Archaeology Days, an annual event held at sites across the continent, excavations will continue until September, at which time construction on the road will resume. Much work is to be done, including filling in large gaps of the site’s chronology between the Roman and medieval eras.
    “We have well-built walls but few objects,” says Burgevin, per L’Yonne Républicaine. “It will be necessary to continue digging to understand better.”

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    #archaeologists #stumble #onto #sprawling #ancient
    Archaeologists Stumble Onto Sprawling Ancient Roman Villa During Construction of a Road in France
    Cool Finds Archaeologists Stumble Onto Sprawling Ancient Roman Villa During Construction of a Road in France Located near Auxerre, the grand estate once possessed an exorbitant level of wealth, with thermal baths and heated floors Aerial view of the villa, with thermal baths at the bottom right, the garden and fountain in the center, and the agricultural fields expanding to the left Ch. Fouquin / INRAP In ancient times, all roads led to Rome—or so the saying goes. Nowadays, new roads can lead to Roman ruins. During construction on an alternative route to D606, a regional road just under two miles outside of Auxerre, in central France, salvage archaeologists unearthed a sprawling Roman villa complete with a stately garden, a fountain and an elaborate system of underfloor heating known as a hypocaust, according to a statement from the French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research. While researchers have been aware of the ruins on the outskirts of the Gallo-Roman settlement of Autissiodorumsince the 19th century, previous excavations have been limited. The most recent dig, in 1966, found a 7,500-square-foot building with ten rooms and amenities that suggested its residents enjoyed great wealth and regional power. The site of Sainte-Nitasse, adjacent to a regional highway Ch. Fouquin / INRAP But until now, the true scale of the villa known as Sainte-Nitasse and its surrounding agricultural estates along the River Yonne was unclear. Archaeologists at INRAP have since discovered a 43,000-square-foot building thought to date to between the first and third centuries C.E. It suggests a previously unimagined level of grandeur. INRAP identifies the site as one of the “grand villas of Roman Gaul,” according to the statement. Grand villas are typified by their vast dimensions and sophisticated architectural style. They typically encompass both agricultural and residential portions, known in Latin as pars rustica and pars urbana, respectively. In the pars urbana, grand villas tend to feature stately construction materials like marble; extensive mosaics and frescoes; and amenities like private baths, fountains and gardens. So far, the excavations at Sainte-Nitasse have revealed all these features and more. The villa’s development is extensive. A 4,800-square-foot garden is enclosed by a fountain to the south and a water basin, or an ornamental pond, to the north. The hypocaust, an ancient system of central heating that circulated hot air beneath the floors of the house, signals a level of luxury atypical for rural estates in Roman Gaul. A section of the villa's hypocaust heating system, which circulated hot air beneath the floor Ch. Fouquin / INRAP “We can imagine it as an ‘aristocratic’ villa, belonging to someone with riches, responsibilities—perhaps municipal, given the proximity to Auxerre—a landowner who had staff on site,” Alexandre Burgevin, the archaeologist in charge of the excavations with INRAP, tells France Info’s Lisa Guyenne. Near the banks of the Yonne, a thermal bath site contains several pools where the landowner and his family bathed. On the other side of the garden, workers toiled in the fields of a massive agricultural estate. Aside from its size and amenities, the villa’s level of preservation also astounded archaeologists. “For a rural site, it’s quite exceptional,” Burgevin tells L’Yonne Républicaine’s Titouan Stücker. “You can walk on floors from the time period, circulate between rooms like the Gallo-Romans did.”Over time, Autissiodorum grew to become a major city along the Via Agrippa, eventually earning the honor of serving as a provincial Roman capital by the fourth century C.E. As Gaul began slipping away from the Roman Empire around the same time, the prominence of the city fluctuated. INRAP archaeologists speculate that the site was repurposed during medieval times, around the 13th century. Burgevin offers several explanations for why the site remained so well preserved in subsequent centuries. The humid conditions along the banks of the river might have prevented excess decay. Since this portion of the River Yonne wasn’t canalized until the 19th century, engineers may have already been aware of the presence of ruins. Or, perhaps the rubble of the villa created “bumpy,” intractable soil that was “not easy to pass over with a tractor,” he tells France Info. While the site will briefly open to the public on June 15 for European Archaeology Days, an annual event held at sites across the continent, excavations will continue until September, at which time construction on the road will resume. Much work is to be done, including filling in large gaps of the site’s chronology between the Roman and medieval eras. “We have well-built walls but few objects,” says Burgevin, per L’Yonne Républicaine. “It will be necessary to continue digging to understand better.” Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday. #archaeologists #stumble #onto #sprawling #ancient
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    Archaeologists Stumble Onto Sprawling Ancient Roman Villa During Construction of a Road in France
    Cool Finds Archaeologists Stumble Onto Sprawling Ancient Roman Villa During Construction of a Road in France Located near Auxerre, the grand estate once possessed an exorbitant level of wealth, with thermal baths and heated floors Aerial view of the villa, with thermal baths at the bottom right, the garden and fountain in the center, and the agricultural fields expanding to the left Ch. Fouquin / INRAP In ancient times, all roads led to Rome—or so the saying goes. Nowadays, new roads can lead to Roman ruins. During construction on an alternative route to D606, a regional road just under two miles outside of Auxerre, in central France, salvage archaeologists unearthed a sprawling Roman villa complete with a stately garden, a fountain and an elaborate system of underfloor heating known as a hypocaust, according to a statement from the French National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research (INRAP). While researchers have been aware of the ruins on the outskirts of the Gallo-Roman settlement of Autissiodorum (as Auxerre was once known) since the 19th century, previous excavations have been limited. The most recent dig, in 1966, found a 7,500-square-foot building with ten rooms and amenities that suggested its residents enjoyed great wealth and regional power. The site of Sainte-Nitasse, adjacent to a regional highway Ch. Fouquin / INRAP But until now, the true scale of the villa known as Sainte-Nitasse and its surrounding agricultural estates along the River Yonne was unclear. Archaeologists at INRAP have since discovered a 43,000-square-foot building thought to date to between the first and third centuries C.E. It suggests a previously unimagined level of grandeur. INRAP identifies the site as one of the “grand villas of Roman Gaul,” according to the statement. Grand villas are typified by their vast dimensions and sophisticated architectural style. They typically encompass both agricultural and residential portions, known in Latin as pars rustica and pars urbana, respectively. In the pars urbana, grand villas tend to feature stately construction materials like marble; extensive mosaics and frescoes; and amenities like private baths, fountains and gardens. So far, the excavations at Sainte-Nitasse have revealed all these features and more. The villa’s development is extensive. A 4,800-square-foot garden is enclosed by a fountain to the south and a water basin, or an ornamental pond, to the north. The hypocaust, an ancient system of central heating that circulated hot air beneath the floors of the house, signals a level of luxury atypical for rural estates in Roman Gaul. A section of the villa's hypocaust heating system, which circulated hot air beneath the floor Ch. Fouquin / INRAP “We can imagine it as an ‘aristocratic’ villa, belonging to someone with riches, responsibilities—perhaps municipal, given the proximity to Auxerre—a landowner who had staff on site,” Alexandre Burgevin, the archaeologist in charge of the excavations with INRAP, tells France Info’s Lisa Guyenne. Near the banks of the Yonne, a thermal bath site contains several pools where the landowner and his family bathed. On the other side of the garden, workers toiled in the fields of a massive agricultural estate. Aside from its size and amenities, the villa’s level of preservation also astounded archaeologists. “For a rural site, it’s quite exceptional,” Burgevin tells L’Yonne Républicaine’s Titouan Stücker. “You can walk on floors from the time period, circulate between rooms like the Gallo-Romans did.”Over time, Autissiodorum grew to become a major city along the Via Agrippa, eventually earning the honor of serving as a provincial Roman capital by the fourth century C.E. As Gaul began slipping away from the Roman Empire around the same time, the prominence of the city fluctuated. INRAP archaeologists speculate that the site was repurposed during medieval times, around the 13th century. Burgevin offers several explanations for why the site remained so well preserved in subsequent centuries. The humid conditions along the banks of the river might have prevented excess decay. Since this portion of the River Yonne wasn’t canalized until the 19th century, engineers may have already been aware of the presence of ruins. Or, perhaps the rubble of the villa created “bumpy,” intractable soil that was “not easy to pass over with a tractor,” he tells France Info. While the site will briefly open to the public on June 15 for European Archaeology Days, an annual event held at sites across the continent, excavations will continue until September, at which time construction on the road will resume. Much work is to be done, including filling in large gaps of the site’s chronology between the Roman and medieval eras. “We have well-built walls but few objects,” says Burgevin, per L’Yonne Républicaine. “It will be necessary to continue digging to understand better.” Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday.
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