By Ed Cara Published January 21, 2025 | Comments (0) | Chimpanzees at the Kumamoto Sanctuary holding orange slices. Kumamoto Sanctuary It looks like humans arent the only ones who occasionally go the bathroom in groups. A study out this week shows that peeing can sometimes be contagious among chimpanzees, too. Scientists at Kyoto University in Japan led the research, which was published Monday in the journalCurrent Biology. They observed captive chimpanzees living at the Kumamoto Sanctuary for hundreds of hours, noticing that when one chimp decided to pee, others would often follow suit. This phenomenon might be shaped by the social hierarchy of our primate cousins, the researchers say. As is often the case in science, lead researcher Ena Onishis inspiration to conduct this study came unexpectedly. While observing a group of captive chimpanzees as part of a different research project, I noticed a tendency for individuals to urinate at the same time. This resemblance to certain human behaviors piqued my curiosity, Onishi, a doctoral student at the Kyoto University Wildlife Research Center, told Gizmodo. In Japan, there is a specific term called Tsureshon (), which refers to the act of urinating in the company of others. Starting from there, I developed my research question, wondering if this might be one of the contagious phenomena, like contagious yawning or contagious scratching, and decided to investigate whether contagious urination existed. Onishi and her team studied the Kumamoto Sanctuary chimpanzees for more than 600 hours, ultimately documenting 1,328 urination events. They found that the chimps generally tended to pee more often after a fellow chimp had just peed. But there were certain patterns to this contagious urination.For one, a chimp was more likely to pee if they were closer in proximity to the original leaker (the researchers classified three levels of proximity: within arms reach, within 3 meters, and more than 3 meters). But social class also appeared to influence the odds of a chimp peeing after another. [We] found that lower-ranking individuals were more likely to follow others in urinating. This further supports the idea that urination has a contagious and socially influenced component in chimpanzees, Onishi said. By contrast, the researchers found no evidence that a chimps social closeness to another affected their odds of contagious peeing.The findings are based on a small sample size of a single chimp population, so more research will be needed to confirm whether this is a widespread behavior among chimps everywhere, including those in the wild. And at this point, the researchers only have hunches as to why contagious urination might be common to chimps. Its possible that the behavior promotes group cohesion by ensuring that chimps are more likely to have the same shared physiological state, for instance, Onishi said. The act of positively mimicking a fellow chimp might also itself strengthen bonds between them. Or group peeing could have emerged as an anti-predator strategy, since it might reduce the risk of other animals tracking the chimps through dispersed urine odors. Whatever the reason, the researchers have plenty of peeing-related mysteries left to uncover.There are so many things wed like to learn in the future. For instance, we want to observe other chimpanzee groups to explore how social factors like sex, familiarity, and age might influence contagious urination, Onishi said. Were also curious about how this phenomenon plays out in natural settingssuch as whether it serves as preparation for long-distance travel. Since people will sometimes pee together due to their closeness with one another, there do seem to be some inherent differences in the nature of group peeing between humans and chimpanzees, the researchers say. And that raises the question of whether other primates have their own unique version of contagious urinationanother question that the researchers hope they and others can explore.Apes have a wide variety of social structures and dynamics, study researcher Shinya Yamamoto, who is studying the evolution of sociality in humans and other animals at Kyoto University, told Gizmodo. These differences may also influence their decision to urinate and its contagious nature in social contexts, which should be one of the targets of future studies.Daily NewsletterYou May Also Like By Isaac Schultz Published January 7, 2025 By Ed Cara Published January 3, 2025 By Ed Cara Published July 22, 2024 ScienceBiology Some Chimpanzees Have a Bone in Their Heartand Some Humans Might, Too By George Dvorsky Published June 10, 2020 ScienceBiology Zoo Chimps Doing a Conga Line Could Teach Us How Humans Evolved to Dance By Ed Cara Published December 13, 2019 ScienceBiology How Does a Chimpanzee Eat a Tortoise? By Smashing It Like a Coconut By George Dvorsky Published May 23, 2019

National Athletics Centre Transforming Budapest's Rust Belt into a Vibrant Community SpaceSponsored ContentSave this picture! Rka BohusThe National Athletics Centre in Budapest marks a significant milestone in urban regeneration and architectural innovation. Located on a former industrial site along the Danube, this transformative project revitalizes a neglected brownfield into a vibrant hub for sports, recreation, and community engagement. Designed by Marcel FERENCZ, architect at NAPUR Architect Ltd., with landscape design created by S-TR and several hundred pieces of furniture from VPI Concrete, the Centre is a cornerstone for connecting North Csepel to the city and fostering urban development.Save this picture!A transformable and inclusive spaceThe National Athletics Centre is more than just a sports stadium; it is a dynamic space adaptable for various uses. Initially serving as the centerpiece of the 2023 World Athletics Championships, the glowing blue sports ring stretching across the Danube's horizon, symbolizing the proximity of water and the triumph of sport, stands on the riverbank as an iconic element of urban structure, radiating calm and dignity to its surroundings.The architects and landscape architects approached the project with a strong focus on creating a dynamic, multifunctional public space that promotes community engagement and sustainability. They prioritized integrating elements that foster interaction, relaxation, and recreation, ensuring that the design harmonizes with the surrounding environment. They aimed to design a space that serves both athletes and visitors, contributing to the city's cultural and social fabric.Save this picture!Save this picture!A legacy beyond professional sportsPost-championship, the Centre transitioned into a hub for non-sporting activities. The temporary upper tier of seating could be removed, transforming the structure into a community-focused facility and creating a roof garden with spaces for recreation, education, relaxation and social interaction. The recreation lane provides space for high quality concrete seating furniture with shrubs and perennials in concrete planters.The surrounding park, complete with running tracks, a playground, street workout areas, skatepark, and green spaces, ensures year-round public engagement with many bicycle racks and concrete benches. The venue features a sandy beach, sports fields, a dog park, and outdoor lounges, fostering a sense of community.The National Athletics Centre exemplifies the potential of urban design to bridge gapsgeographically, socially, and environmentally. With its innovative architecture, community focus, and sustainable infrastructure, it sets a precedent for future projects in Budapest and beyond.Save this picture!Connecting the district of CsepelKey infrastructural developments, including the planned pedestrian and bicycle Cable Bridge, integrate the site into Budapest's broader urban fabric. This bridge can connect the southern Ferencvros area with North Csepel, facilitating seamless movement for pedestrians and cyclists. Additionally, riverside promenades, cycling paths, and docks enhance connectivity, linking the northern and southern stretches of Budapest's Danube embankments.Save this picture!Furniture supporting the project's goalsVPI Concrete's innovative furniture plays a crucial role in realizing the National Athletics Centre's ambitious goals of transforming Budapest's former industrial zone into a dynamic, community-focused public space. These pieces, crafted from high performance concrete, seamlessly blend functionality with aesthetics, enhancing the user experience across the venue. With their help, the centre becomes an inviting, adaptable environment that encourages active lifestyles. They support the venue's transformability, accommodating large sports events while seamlessly transitioning into a flexible community hub.While browsing the Architonic catalog, we came across several standout products from this project: ASTRO waste bins for general, recyclable, and dog waste, support the site's commitment to sustainability. Chess tables foster community interactions. KAVICS sculptural seating elements and HANA concrete benches provide a tactile and inviting place to rest. PLANTA B planters are movable concrete planters filled with trees and shrubs that bring greenery to urban settings while allowing flexibility in spatial arrangements. RELAXA sun loungers are perfect for the beach and recreational areas, these ergonomic loungers invite relaxation. VEL mobile bicycle racks can be moved according to the venue's needs, and they promote eco-friendly and healthy transport providing secure parking for cyclists.Save this picture!Save this picture!Save this picture!Explore more fascinating concrete projects and discover VPI Concrete products here.Image gallerySee allShow lessCite: "National Athletics Centre Transforming Budapest's Rust Belt into a Vibrant Community Space" 21 Jan 2025. ArchDaily. Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/1025410/national-athletics-centre-transforming-budapests-rust-belt-into-a-vibrant-community-space&gt ISSN 0719-8884Save!ArchDaily?You've started following your first account!Did you know?You'll now receive updates based on what you follow! Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors, offices and users.Go to my stream

2025 Color Trends in Architecture: Embracing Earth Tones and Vibrant HuesSave this picture!Lucida Restaurant and Bar / Shahira Fahmy Architects. Image Nour El RefaiUnlike the 2024 Color of the Year selections, the 2025 picks reveal more commonalities among the colors chosen by major paint industry leaders. Each year, designers and enthusiasts from various fields gather within companies worldwide to reignite the conversation about color and its connection to contemporary culture. For the 2025 forecast, earth tones seem to be the big winners: Pantone's Mousse Chocolate is joined by cinnamon, brown, and burgundy shades from Benjamin Moore, Graham & Brown, Behr, and C2 Paint. Companies like AkzoNobel, Valspar, and Comex opted for more vibrant colors to celebrate optimism and joy, while Sherwin-Williams and Jotun didn't limit themselves to a single color. Instead, they introduced entire palettes centered on tranquility and relaxation. These concepts appear to be the guiding themes for 2025.Benjamin Moore: Cinnamon Slate 2113-40Save this picture!The subtlety of these qualities is reflected in Benjamin Moore's color choice for 2025. The cinnamon hue combines the deep tone of brown with a heathered plum shade, resulting in a color with a low light reflectance value. It is a restorative color, chosen to evoke concepts of balance and reaffirmation. This shade is accompanied by a palette of ten other essential colors, designed to pair with textured materials or neutral tones in shared interior spaces. Related Article Different Ways of Applying Color to Furniture Graham & Brown: EldertonSave this picture!The English company Graham & Brown has chosen a classic color for this year, inspired by the elder tree. It is a dark brown with a neutral tone whose main appeal lies in its timelessness. Directly inspired by nature, the color complements a wallpaper design that celebrates British heritage, featuring intricate details of ancient buildings and trees.C2 Paint: C2 Raku #549Save this picture!C2 Paint's Color of the Year 2025 also draws on tradition with earthy tones. Raku is inspired by Japanese tea ceremonies and their centuries-old ceramic techniques. The color sits between a deep chocolate brown and a full-bodied wine burgundy. The concepts behind the color include a sense of security, simplicity, and sophistication, with "dynamic undertones of rich mahogany" (also a tree) that make it a chameleon-like hue.Behr: Rumors MQ1-15Save this picture!With a touch of added drama, Behr introduces its own blend of earthy tones and deep burgundy: Rumors, a rich ruby red designed to create captivating spaces when paired with lighter colors. Emphasizing its global influence, the company sets a bold tone for the year with the declaration: "Now is the time to make a statement."AkzoNobel: True JoySave this picture!AkzoNobel took a different path for its 22nd Color of the Year, selecting a brighter and bolder yellow: True Joy. Traditionally associated with yellow, the call is for optimism and confidence in 2025, appealing to creativity and imagination. The recommendation is to cover an entire wall in this color or use it as an accent shade on freeform shapes and surfaces, creating a "splash of feel-good color."Comex: Bamb 237-05Save this picture!Inspired by nature yet driven by a transformative spirit, the color Bamb, chosen by the Mexican company Comex, seeks to evoke a different kind of nature: one with infinite possibilities shaped by technology. This radiant electric green is recommended for pairing with a more neutral tone (Croissant H4-03), particularly in accent applications, to renew energy in interior spaces.Valspar: Encore 8002-45 GSave this picture!Setting the tone for distinction, Valspar selected a blue shade for this year. Encore is an atmospheric blue the company classifies as an anchoring tone, a reference color amidst other tonal curves. This choice accompanies the comeback of blue in interior design, with this ultramarine hue leading the way in evoking confidence and relaxation. The violet undertone of Valspar Encore is amplified under soft lighting, evoking shades of the digital realm and harmonizing beautifully with lavender and fresh green accents.Save this picture!To celebrate the 15th anniversary of its Color of the Year, Sherwin Williams expanded its horizons by curating a complete Color Capsule of the Year. The collection features nine essential neutral colors, ranging from beige and cream tones to a grayish blue, while also incorporating yellow, browns, and mauve. The guiding idea behind this selection was to offer a modern approach to painting with colors that are easy to use: a true celebration of color under the concept of balance.Jotun's Colour Card: NuancesSave this picture!Jotun's 2025 Colour Card features similar tones under the name Nuances: 30 colors across six families (blues, greys, peaches, yellows, beiges, and greens), each with varied shades and an accent color. Standing out within this variety is a clear curation of calm colors and subtle variations designed to evoke the defining small moments of life. The selection is grounded in how color influences our moods, inviting individuals to choose the shades that best suit the environments they wish to inhabit in 2025. Related Article Different Ways of Applying Color to Furniture Image gallerySee allShow lessAbout this authorCite: Antonia Pieiro. "2025 Color Trends in Architecture: Embracing Earth Tones and Vibrant Hues" 21 Jan 2025. ArchDaily. Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/1025929/2025-color-trends-in-architecture-embracing-earth-tones-and-vibrant-hues&gt ISSN 0719-8884Save!ArchDaily?You've started following your first account!Did you know?You'll now receive updates based on what you follow! Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors, offices and users.Go to my stream

Cisco Announces Radical Approach to AI SecurityBy John P. Mello Jr.January 21, 2025 5:00 AM PT ADVERTISEMENTQuality Leads That Turn Into DealsFull-service marketing programs from TechNewsWorld deliver sales-ready leads. Segment by geography, industry, company size, job title, and more. Get Started Now. Cisco is taking a radical approach to AI security in its new AI Defense solution.In an exclusive interview Sunday with Rowan Cheung of The Rundown AI, Cisco Executive Vice President and CPO Jeetu Patel said that AI Defense is taking a radical approach to address the challenges that existing security solutions are not equipped to handle.AI Defense, announced last week, aims to address risks in developing and deploying AI applications, as well as identifying where AI is used in an organization.AI Defense can protect AI systems from attacks and safeguard model behavior across platforms with features such as:Detection of shadow and sanctioned AI applications across public and private clouds;Automated testing of AI models for hundreds of potential safety and security issues; andContinuous validation safeguards against potential safety and security threats, such as prompt injection, denial of service, and sensitive data leakage.The solution also allows security teams to better protect their organizations data by providing a comprehensive view of AI apps used by employees, create policies that restrict access to unsanctioned AI tools, and implement safeguards against threats and confidential data loss while ensuring compliance.The adoption of AI exposes companies to new risks that traditional cybersecurity solutions dont address, Kent Noyes, global head of AI and cyber innovation at technology services company World Wide Technology in St. Louis, said in a statement. Cisco AI Defense represents a significant leap forward in AI security, providing full visibility of an enterprises AI assets and protection against evolving threats.Positive Step for AI SecurityMJ Kaufmann, an author and instructor at OReilly Media, operator of a learning platform for technology professionals, in Boston, affirmed Ciscos analysis of existing cybersecurity solutions. Cisco is right, she told TechNewsWorld. Existing tools fail to address many operationally driven attacks against AI systems, such as prompt injection attacks, data leakage, and unauthorized model action.Implementers must take action and implement targeted solutions to address them, she added.Cisco is in a unique position to provide this kind of solution, noted Jack E. Gold, founder and principal analyst at J.Gold Associates, an IT advisory company in Northborough, Mass. Thats because they have a lot of data from their networking telemetry that can be used to reinforce the AI capabilities they want to protect, he told TechNewsWorld.Cisco also wants to provide security across platforms on-premises, cloud, and multi-cloud and across models, he added.Itll be interesting to see how many companies adopt this, he said. Cisco is certainly moving in the right direction with this kind of capability because companies, generally speaking, arent looking at this very effectively.Providing multi-model, multi-cloud protection is important for AI security.Multi-model, multi-cloud AI solutions expand an organizations attack surface by introducing complexity across disparate environments with inconsistent security protocols, multiple data transfer points, and challenges in coordinating monitoring and incident response factors that threat actors can more easily exploit, Patricia Thaine, CEO and co-founder of Private AI, a data security and privacy company in Toronto, told TechNewsWorld.Concerning LimitationsAlthough Ciscos approach of embedding security controls at the network layer through their existing infrastructure mesh shows promise, it also reveals concerning limitations, maintained Dev Nag, CEO and founder of QueryPal, a customer support chatbot based in San Francisco.While network-level visibility provides valuable telemetry, many AI-specific attacks occur at the application and model layers that network monitoring alone cannot detect, he told TechNewsWorld.The acquisition of Robust Intelligence last year gives Cisco important capabilities around model validation and runtime protection, but their focus on network integration may lead to gaps in securing the actual AI development lifecycle, he said. Critical areas like training pipeline security, model supply chain verification, and fine-tuning guardrails require deep integration with MLOps tooling that goes beyond Ciscos traditional network-centric paradigm. Think about the headaches weve seen with open-source supply chain attacks where the offending code is openly visible, he added. Model supply chain attacks are almost impossible to detect by comparison.Nag noted that from an implementation perspective, Cisco AI Defense appears to be primarily a repackaging of existing security products with some AI-specific monitoring capabilities layered on top.While their extensive deployment footprint provides advantages for enterprise-wide visibility, the solution feels more reactive than transformative for now, he maintained. For some organizations beginning their AI journey that are already working with Cisco security products, Cisco AI Defense may provide useful controls, but those pursuing advanced AI capabilities will likely need more sophisticated security architectures purpose-built for machine learning systems.For many organizations, mitigating AI risks requires human penetration testers who understand how to ask the models questions that elicit sensitive information, added Karen Walsh, CEO of Allegro Solutions, a cybersecurity consulting company in West Hartford, Conn.Ciscos release suggests that their ability to create model-specific guardrails will mitigate these risks to keep the AI from learning on bad data, responding to malicious requests, and sharing unintended information, she told TechNewsWorld. At the very least, we could hope that this would identify and mitigate baseline issues so that pen testers could focus on more sophisticated AI compromise strategies.Critical Need in the Path to AGIKevin Okemwa, writing for Windows Central, notes that the launch of AI Defense couldnt come at a better time as the major AI labs are closing in on producing true artificial general intelligence (AGI), which is supposed to replicate human intelligence.As AGI gets closer with each passing year, the stakes couldnt be higher, said James McQuiggan, a security awareness advocate at KnowBe4, a security awareness training provider in Clearwater, Fla. AGIs ability to think like a human with intuition and orientation can revolutionize industries, but it also introduces risks that could have far-reaching consequences, he told TechNewsWorld. A robust AI security solution ensures that AGI evolves responsibly, minimizing risks like rogue decision-making or unintended consequences.AI security isnt just a nice-to-have or something to think about in the years to come, he added. Its critical as we move toward AGI.Existential Doom?Okemwa also wrote: While AI Defense is a step in the right direction, its adoption across organizations and major AI labs remains to be seen. Interestingly, the OpenAI CEO [Sam Altman] acknowledges the technologys threat to humanity but believes AI will be smart enough to prevent AI from causing existential doom.I see some optimism about AIs ability to self-regulate and prevent catastrophic outcomes, but I also notice in the adoption that aligning advanced AI systems with human values is still an afterthought rather than an imperative, Adam Ennamli, chief risk and security officer at the General Bank of Canada told TechNewsWorld.The notion that AI will solve its own existential risks is dangerously optimistic, as demonstrated by current AI systems that can already be manipulated to create harmful content and bypass security controls, added Stephen Kowski, field CTO at SlashNext, a computer and network security company, in Pleasanton, Calif.Technical safeguards and human oversight remain essential since AI systems are fundamentally driven by their training data and programmed objectives, not an inherent desire for human well-being, he told TechNewsWorld.Human beings are pretty creative, Gold added. I dont buy into this whole doomsday nonsense. Well figure out a way to make AI work for us and do it safely. Thats not to say there wont be issues along the way, but were not all going to end up in The Matrix.John P. Mello Jr. has been an ECT News Network reporter since 2003. His areas of focus include cybersecurity, IT issues, privacy, e-commerce, social media, artificial intelligence, big data and consumer electronics. He has written and edited for numerous publications, including the Boston Business Journal, the Boston Phoenix, Megapixel.Net and Government Security News. Email John.Leave a CommentClick here to cancel reply. Please sign in to post or reply to a comment. New users create a free account.Related StoriesMore by John P. Mello Jr.view allMore in Artificial Intelligence

In the unlit depths of the ocean, where food is scarce, and chance encounters are rarer still, anglerfish have evolved one of natures most bizarre mating approaches. When a male anglerfish finds a partner, he doesnt just court her he attaches to her body, sometimes fusing with her for life. This extreme adaptation, known as sexual parasitism, helps ensure reproductive success in a world where mates are few and far between. And recent research published in Current Biology has taken another step toward unraveling the secrets behind this strange mating strategy. It turns out that the evolutionary innovations that allow anglerfish to thrive in the deep ocean go beyond their peculiar courtship habits. We found that a cascade of traits, including those required for sexual parasitism, allowed anglerfishes to invade the deep sea during a period of extreme global warming when the planets oceans were in ecological upheaval, Chase Brownstein, lead author of the study and a graduate student at Yale, said in a Yale news release. Finding Love in the Deep SeaThe deep sea, also known as the bathypelagic or midnight zone, is Earths largest habitat. With no sunlight, frigid temperatures (39 degrees Fahrenheit), extreme pressures, little food, and vast distances between individuals, its also one of the most challenging places to live. For most creatures, finding a mate here is a near-impossible task.Deep-sea anglerfish (Ceratioidei), however, have adapted to this problem in extraordinary ways. Male anglerfish are tiny sometimes less than one-tenth the size of the females. And when a male encounters a female, he bites her skin and either temporarily or permanently fuses with her, forming an unmatched physical bond. Over time, his circulatory system can even merge with hers, allowing him to provide sperm on demand while receiving nutrients from her body.In some species, such as Haplophryne mollis (which Brownstein calls a particularly gnarly example), multiple males can attach to the same female at once, like living reproductive appendages. This ensures that whenever the female is ready to spawn, she has access to sperm, even in the vast emptiness of the deep sea.The Role of the Immune SystemOne of the most puzzling aspects of this mating strategy is the fusion itself. In most animals, the immune system would reject foreign tissue, making such a permanent connection impossible. But anglerfish have evolved a remarkable solution: Theyve ditched key components of their adaptive immune system. Several genes involved in vertebrate adaptive immunity, the study authors said, were lost prior to the most recent common ancestor of Certioidea. These genetic losses help prevent the females body from rejecting the male as a foreign invader, allowing the two to seamlessly merge. And while the loss of immune function might seem like it should be an overall disadvantage, anglerfish appear to compensate in ways researchers dont yet fully understand which has raised intriguing questions related to human immunology and organ transplantation.How Sexual Parasitism EvolvedSexual parasitism didnt evolve overnight. The ancestors of anglerfish dwelled on the seafloor, where they likely mated in more conventional ways. But from about 50 million years to 35 million years ago, during a period of intense global warming called the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), anglerfish began moving into the vast open waters of the deep sea. And although researchers dont know for certain the reasons why anglerfish made this move, Brownstein says he suspects it could have been the species attempt to seek out optimal temperatures for survival. Nonetheless, this transition to the enormous midnight zone brought new challenges, including introducing vast distances between potential mates. Traits like extreme sexual dimorphism (with males shrinking and specializing in finding mates) and the loss of immune system genes allowed anglerfish to adapt to this new environment. These changes worked in synergy to enable sexual parasitism, giving them a distinct reproductive advantage in the sparse and dark waters of the deep ocean.We can't say what the cause was that pushed the anglerfishes into the deep open ocean, says Brownstein. However, we can say that their distinctive adaptation to life in the midnight zone, sexual parasitism, assembled rapidly during this ecological transition. This was possible thanks to features already present in the common ancestor of anglerfish, he said, including an extreme size difference between males and females and an easily changed adaptive immunity. What Anglerfish Can Teach UsToday, there are more than 200 species of anglerfish, a testament to their evolutionary achievement. And anglerfish also illustrate a broader principle in evolutionary biology: Major ecological transitions often drive diversification. By moving from the seafloor to the open waters of the deep sea, anglerfish opened new opportunities for adaptation and evolutionary innovation.The unique approach anglerfish also take to mating is more than just an intriguing oddity; it could offer valuable medical insights. Understanding how anglerfish achieve tissue fusion without immune rejection could lead to breakthroughs in organ transplantation. And their ability to thrive despite significant immune system losses also challenges our understanding of how vertebrates defend against disease, potentially opening new avenues for biomedical research.Having comparative models to understand the evolution and lability of adaptive immunity is always helpful, Brownstein says, not only because it expands our view of the system, but also because it can reveal how the system has been 'broken' in evolutionary time.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:Britannica. Sexual parasitismBritannica. Paleocene-Eocene Thermal MaximumMonterey Bay Aquarium. Deep-sea anglerfishNational Library of Medicine. Ecological opportunity and the adaptive diversification of lineages

Among the changes ushered in with iOS 18.1, iPadOS 18.1, and macOS 15.1 Sequoia is a new Type to Siri option. This means you can carry on a conversation with Apples digital assistant without having to talk out loud, which is helpful when youre in a quiet library, busy subway car, or anywhere else you cant really use voice control.The ability to type to Siri has actually been available on Apple devices for several years now, but previously it was hidden away in the Accessibility settings and not all that easy to find. Now Apple has given it much more prominence in its operating systems, so typing is just as straightforward as talking. Get the Popular Science newsletter Breakthroughs, discoveries, and DIY tips sent every weekday. By signing up you agree to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy.Everything works the same when youre typing to Siri as when youre talking to Siri, including the new ChatGPT extension, which you can enable from the Apple Intelligence & Siri screen in Settings (iOS and iPadOS) or System Settings (macOS). You can also switch between typing and talking as needed.The new Type to Siri optionsType to Siri enabled on an iPhone. Screenshot: Apple To get the new Type to Siri options on your Apple devices, you first need to enable Apple Intelligence, if you havent done so already: Choose Apple Intelligence & Siri from Settings (iPhones and iPads) or System Settings (Macs), then turn on the Apple Intelligence toggle switch at the top.Youll see a variety of Siri settings on the same screen, letting you set your preferences for how you communicate with the digital assistant. With Apple Intelligence enabled, you can use a combination of typing and talking (even within the same conversation) without having to reconfigure these options each time.On iOS or iPadOS, open Settings, head to Apple Intelligence & Siri, then tap Talk & Type to Siri: Turn on the Type to Siri toggle switch, and you can then double tap at the very bottom of the screen to launch the typing interface, no matter which app youre in. Siri will respond with text too.On macOS, its a little different: Type to Siri is automatically enabled when Apple Intelligence is turned on, so you wont find a separate toggle switch for it. To type to Siri, simply click on the Siri icon on the menu bar, or use the shortcut specified under Keyboard shortcut on the Apple Intelligence & Siri page (by default, you need to press either Cmd button twice).Whether youre using a mobile device or a computer, youll see you can switch back to voice commands with a tap or a click on the microphone icon inside the Siri interface. Enabling Type to Siri wont require you to use the text interface every time you want to interact with the digital assistant.The old Type to Siri optionsThe previous Type to Siri option is still available. Screenshot: Apple As mentioned above, you could already enable Type to Siri as an Accessibility option in iOS, iPadOS, and macOSthough the setting wasnt as easy to get to, and it didnt work quite as fluidly as it does in its updated form. This option remains available if you dont have Apple Intelligence enabled on your iPhone, iPad, or Mac. Or if you dont want the ChatGPT extension.On iOS or iPadOS, open Settings and choose Accessibility > Siri, then enable Type to Sirithe typing input can then be launched with a double-tap on the side button. On the same settings screen, you can set Siri to always respond with text, with voice, or with whichever method youve initiated the conversation with.Voice interactions are still available with Type to Siri turned on. If you head to Apple Intelligence & Siri in iOS or iPadOS Settings, you can still set your device to respond to hey Siri commands even if Apple Intelligence is disabled. You get the older version of Siri, without extras like the aforementioned ChatGPT integration.If youre using macOS, open System Settings from the Apple menu, then choose Accessibility > Siri and enable Type to Siri. Once that option is enabled, to start typing to the digital assistant, click the Siri button on the menu bar or hold down the mic button (F5) on your Mac keyboard (Siri automatically responds with text too).To change the shortcut button, from System Settings choose Apple Intelligence & Siri. As on iPhones and iPads, from the same screen you can enable or disable voice control for Siri too, via the Listen for settingso it is possible to use voice activation for Siri as well as typing out your commands.

Stack CommerceShareWe may earn revenue from the products available on this page and participate in affiliate programs. Learn more Unless you like shivering your buns off and having a runny nose, its pretty much the worst time of year. Heck, you should consider buying a lottery ticket if you make it through flu season without coming down with somethingif only you could be so lucky!If you want to increase your odds of staying healthy beyond washing your hands or wearing a mask, you might pick up this personal air purifier. Its made by VentiFresh, and they claim it breaks down germs and removes bacteria from the air. You can get a little more peace of mind this flu season for only $43.99 while supplies last (reg. $88).The technology behind the thingThis mini air purifier uses NASA-inspired technology to clean the air around you, no matter where you are. Its only two by two inches wide and powered by a USB cable, so you might take it to the office, coffee shops, or on an airplane and feel a little more secure that you arent breathing in a ton of nasty germs.But how? A photocatalyst later breaks down germs and VOCs, and then UV-C and UV-A lights sterilize and remove them. If youve ever heard of a little thing called photosynthesis, this is a similar cleaning process. And its why this air filter doesnt need any maintenance or cleaning.Will it stop you from getting sick? No. But it could make you feel a little more at ease when you have to enter germy places this time of year. And at least you can say you tried if you catch something, right?Grab one of these personal space air purifiers for $43.99 before theyre sold outtheyre a pretty hot commodity right now (reg. $88).StackSocial prices subject to change.VentiFresh ECO PLUS: Next-Gen Odor Eliminator (Oakwood) $43.99See Deal

NewsClimateUnearthed ice may be the Arctics oldest buried glacier remnantA landslide in thawing permafrost has revealed 770,000-year-old buried ice In the headwall scarp of a landslide on Bylot Island in northeastern Canada, researchers uncovered the remnant ice of an ancient glacier that could be over a million years old.Stphanie CoulombeBy Nikk Ogasa1 minute agoOn a remote island in the Canadian Arctic, researchers have discovered the remains of an ancient glacier that could be over a million years old. The discovery represents what may be the oldest glacier ice ever found buried in permafrost ground that has been frozen for at least 2 years straight in the Arctic, researchers report in the January 1 Geology. For researchers keen on studying the glacier, the clock is ticking, as human-caused climate change has exposed the long-preserved ice to melting.Like notes in the pages of a logbook, the gas bubbles, compounds and particulates trapped in a glaciers icy layers can yield information about the atmospheres and climates of bygone millennia. But there are precious few reports of such ice older than the last great expansion of the ice sheets, 26,000 to 20,000 years ago. The newfound ice could thus provide researchers with a rare chance to study the climate of the early Pleistocene epoch, during which the Earth underwent episodic ice ages separated by warm periods known as interglacial periods. These [Pleistocene climate shifts] are analogs for what we can see in the future, says geomorphologist Daniel Fortier of the University of Montreal.In 2009, Fortier and colleagues were studying a buried fossilized forest on Bylot Island, in Canadas Nunavut Territory, when they stumbled across the sites of some recent landslides that had been triggered by the thawing of permafrost. The slides had exposed translucent, layered bodies of ice that had been buried a few meters underground, just above the fossil forest. Much to Fortiers surprise, radiocarbon dating of organic matter in the ice revealed it was over 60,000 years old. I was not expecting that at all, he says.Researchers are shown digging into the remnant glacier ice, which became exposed by the thawing and slumping of previously frozen ground.Stphanie CoulombeWhats more, in the sediment layers overlying the ice, the researchers discovered a flip in the alignment of magnetic minerals that corresponded with a reversal of Earths magnetic field roughly 770,000 years old, indicating the ice was at least that old. And previous research had dated the fossil forest upon which the glacier rested to around 2.8 to 2.4 million years ago, providing a maximum possible age for the ice.The discovery is a testament to the resilience of permafrost, Fortier says. While climate projections suggest permafrost will completely thaw in many regions by the end of the century, this preserved glacier has persisted through interglacial periods that were warmer than today, he notes. I dont think permafrost will disappear so fast. The system is more resilient than we think.

Nature, Published online: 21 January 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00080-9Colour change in animals can occur over different timescales and aids communication and camouflage. Direct evidence of the associated energetic costs has been lacking, but now an experimental study of octopuses fills this gap.

Nature, Published online: 21 January 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00149-5Persistent exposure to heatwaves, droughts, wildfires and more will take a toll on peoples bodies. We must learn how this will manifest.