Automakers and even some Republicans may fight to preserve funds, and environmental activists will likely sue, but some experts said that some changes may not survive legal challenges.

MacworldIf you still rely on email, help with sorting your messages on the Mac is coming. According to Bloombergs Mark Gurmans latest Power On newsletter (subscription required), the Mail app will feature new sorting features in an upcoming major update to macOS Sequoia.With the Sequoia 15.4 update, the Mail app will have the sorting features introduced with the Mail app in iOS 18.2 in December. On the iPhone, when you open an Inbox, four icons appear at the top representing the sorting methods: Primary, Transactions, Updates, and Promotions. If you swipe from the right end of the icons to the left, you can activate an option for All Mail to be listed. In Mail on the Mac, these options will appear at the top of the Inbox message listing.The sorting introduced with iOS 18.2 will come to the Mac in macOS Sequoia 15.4.FoundryIf you have Apple Intelligence enabled on your Mac, youll also see a new Priority Notifications section at the top of your Inbox to show any important messages you may have missed.The new sorting might come as a shock to users at first, mostly because Apple sets the default to Primary, which Apple defines as emails with personal messages and time-sensitive information. If youre wondering where all your emails went, you can press the All Mail option to see every message in your Inbox. Once you get acclimated to the categories, youll find that the sorting is quite helpful, especially if you have a ton of messages. If you dont like the new way of doing things, youre able to turn it off in the Mail settings.The current version of Sequoia is 15.2, with the 15.3 beta 3 available now, including the ability to create Genmoji on the Mac. Learn more about macOS Sequoia and Apple Intelligence. Sequoia 15.4 could arrive in March or April.

MacworldThere are multiple ways to take a screenshot on a Mac (or if you are arriving here from the PC world: print screen on a Mac). Well run through the different key combinations and the various refinements you can make to screenshots so that, for example, you can crop them to a particular size, or take a screen grab of an area that is bigger than your screen. Well also look at what to do when you cant screenshot what you want because you need to be interacting with your screen to capture it.Many of the methods below will work in all versions of macOS, but there were a number of changes to the screenshot options that arrived in macOS Mojave in 2018, so if you arent running Mojave or later then you may not have access to them.In this article, we show you how to take a screenshot of something on your Macs display, well also discuss how you can edit it, and where the image will be saved since lots of people are unclear about where screenshots go on the Mac.Screenshotsare savedto your Desktop by default, although you can change where your screenshotsare saved. Generally your screenshot will save as a .png file, which you may want to open in Preview or a similar image viewing program, and then Export with a different file type extension (e.g. Jpeg). We discuss ways to change the format your screenshot is saved in below.Which buttons screenshot on Mac?There are actually various key combinations you can use to take a screenshot on a Mac, well run though each below:Command + Shift + 3 to screenshot the whole screenPress Command + Shift + 3 to take a screenshot of the whole screen.If you have more than one screen it will grab two screenshots, one of each screen.By default these will be saved to your desktop.Command + Shift + 4 to screenshot an area of the screenThis is the best option if you want to take a screenshot of a selected area rather than the whole screen.Press Command + Shift + 4 youll see a crosshairs appear on your screen with some numbers.Click with your mouse or trackpad and drag these crosshairs across the area of the screen you want to screenshot, as below, so that they form a rectangle around what you want to grab.When you are ready release the mouse button or trackpad.If you want the screen shot to be a certain dimension you could use the pixel measurement that appears beside the crosshairs. You could, for example, drag until the measurements are 500 x 500 if you wanted to screenshot a square.Command + Shift + 5 for more optionsCommand + Shift + 5 is an option that arrived in Mojave, so as long as you have updated the operating system since 2018 you will have this ability.Press Command + Shift + 5 and you will see a pop up appear on your screen with a number of options. These include: Capture Entire Screen, Capture Selected Window and Capture Selected Portion.There are also options so you can make a screen recording of whats happening on your screen: Record Entire Screen and Record Selected Portion.We often choose the Capture Selected Portion option which we have set to a certain dimension. This way we can always create screenshots at the same size.Tips for better screenshotsTry these tips below to fine-tune your screenshots:Once the crosshairs appear you can let go of the keyboard keys.Once youve clicked the mouse button and started dragging the cursor, press Space, and youll be able to move the selected area around.Hold Shift and youll be able to move horizontally only.Press Escape at any time to abort the screengrab. No image will be generated or captured.If you press Control at the same time the screenshot will be copied to your pasteboard.Where are screenshots saved on Mac?By default, Mac screenshots are saved to the desktop. But in Mojave or later, you can choose a variety of other places where your screenshot can be saved.If you were to use an app such as Grab (available in earlier versions of macOS) to take your screenshots then they might end up elsewhere. Grab is likely to save the screenshot to your Documents folder and if you dont change the name of the image it will save as Untitled.It is possible to change where screenshots are saved in Mojave or later:Hold down Command + Shift + 5.Click on Options.Find the location you want to save to in the Save to section.Or, if you want to save the image elsewhere, choose Other Location.We have a separate article about changing where your screenshots go if you want more information, including details of how to change the location of screenshots in High Sierra and older versions of Mac software.How to choose dimensions of screenshotThere are a number of reasons why you might need a screenshot to be a certain size. Perhaps you have been asked to provide an image thats a specified number of pixels, a specific size, or maybe you want to take a number of screenshots that are the same dimensions.You might be thinking you need to edit the screenshot after youve taken it to achieve this, but actually you can choose the dimensions of the screenshot as you take it and use the same dimensions again.If this is a one off and you need to take one screen shot at specific dimensions do this:Press Command + Shift + 4.Crosshairs will appear on your screen with some number these represent the number of pixels that you will be grabbing. Click your mouse or track pad and drag a marquee over the area of the screen you want to grab. Youll notice that the numbers beside the crosshairs will change. Drag until the measurement corresponds with the dimensions you require. For example, if you want a square make sure the width and height are the same.Before letting go of the mouse button/trackpad, press the Space Bar, then you can move the box around your screen until you have the area covered you want to screenshot.Once you are happy with your selection, release the mouse button/trackpad.If you frequently have to take images that are the same size for example, we use 1,600 x 900 images so that tends to be our default you could set up your crosshairs in advance by using Command + Shift + 5. Heres how:Hold down Command + Shift + 5.When the crosshairs appear on your screen drag these crosshairs to cover an area of screen that equals the pixel width and depth you need. You dont need to worry too much about how well you cover the area you want to grab because once you release the mouse button you will be able to move the box around your screen until you have the area covered you want to screenshot.Once you are happy with your selection, click Capture (if you are using macOS Mojave or later).How to screenshot a windowWhat if you want to screengrab or screenshot a single window on your desktop?There are two ways to do this. You could press Command + Shift + 5 and choose Capture Selected Windows. Alternatively:Hold down Command + Shift + 4.When crosshairs appear, hit the Space key. Youll see a camera icon and the foremost window will turn grey.Position your cursor over the window you want to grab (it will be highlighted) and click your mouse/press the trackpad.A screenshot of the window (complete with shadow) will appear on your desktop.Click to take a screenshot of this window only and the resulting image will have a nice shadow effect, too.How to Screenshot a window without a shadowIf the shadow is a distraction from the image you can take a screenshot without it:Press Command + Shift + 4.When the crosshairs appear press Space + Alt/Option.Position cursor over window (it will be highlighted in blue) and click.You will get a screenshot of the window without shadow.Screenshot a dropdown menuThe same technique can be used to screenshot menus: Open the menu you want to screenshot:Open the menu you want to screenshot.Press Command + Shift + 4.When crosshairs appear, press Space.Position cursor over dropdown menu and click.Youll get a screenshot of the menu (although it wont include the title at the top of the dropdown to screenshot that youll need to use the standard Command + Shift + 4 and judge the selection by eye).And it doesnt stop there. You can use the same technique to capture neat screenshots of other screen furniture that you might not think of as windows. Heres a screenshot of our Dock, which we grabbed in the same way Command + Shift + 4 and then Space:You can also capture the top bar, certain elements of the top bar on the right-hand side, or all the icons on your desktop with the top bar, Dock and wallpaper image removed.How to take a timed screenshotSome times it appears to be impossible to take a screenshot of what you want to capture because you need to be interacting with the software at the same time as you need to be grabbing the screenshot. Luckily there is a way to do this.To take a timed screenshot (Mojave or later) you need to do the following:Hold down Command + Shift + 5.Click on Options.Under Timer choose 5 or 10 seconds.Now choose the kind of screengrab you want to take. Entire screen, selected portion, selected window.Youll see a timer start up. When it reaches zero, your screenshot will be taken.If you are in an older version of macOS or Mac OS X you can use Grab to take a timed screenshot. Press Command + Space and start to type Grab, or search through the Utilities folder (which youll find in the Applications folder.)Open Grab.Click on Capture > Timed Screen.Click on Start Timer.A red dial will start filling in beside the camera icon to show you how much time is left before the screen will be grabbed.This will only allow you to screengrab a whole screen but you can later edit the grab to focus on a particular element if you like.Launch Grab and click Capture in the top menu; youll see options for the usual screen captures (a small Selection, a Window, or the entire Screen, each one with a shortcut that you can use to access it in future) but also includes the handy option of timed screenshots (select Timed Screen), for when you want to set up a capture and then activate whatever it is you want to grab. The timer is 10 seconds.How to edit a screenshot on MacOne of the most useful features in more recent versions of macOS is the ability to edit screenshots without opening an application to do so.When you take a screenshot (macOS Mojave or later), a thumbnail of it will appear in the bottom right corner of your screen. If you click on that, the image will open in what Apple refers to as Quick Look, with various tools for drawing, highlighting, adding shapes, text boxes and even adding your signature to the screenshot.If you miss the thumbnail you can easily open and edit the screenshot in the Preview app that is included as part of macOS. You can even click on the screenshot on the Desktop and press the Space bar to open the same Quick Look view that lets you make edits without opening the Preview app itself.Heres how to get at those editing tools:Open the image either by double clicking on the file on the Desktop, selecting the file and pressing the Space bar, or clicking on the thumbnail when it appears as you take the screenshot.Along the top of the window that opens you will see options including Open with Preview (unless you did open in Preview). You dont have to open in Preview, you can get to the tools you need by clicking on the icon that looks like a pencil in a circle. (Theres also a rotate option here, so if thats what you wanted to do just click that.)If you click on the pencil icon you will gain access to lots of options for editing your screenshot. You could for example add text notes, or underline words, as in the below image. You can also click on the Share button to choose from options such as Mail, Message or add to Photos.How to crop a screenshotThere are various ways to crop a screenshot. You could take the screen shot in the dimensions you need as per the advice above, but if youd prefer to refine it afterwards heres what to do:As per the instructions above open the editing panel.Click on the Crop icon. A button with the word Crop will appear when you do so so will white corners at each edge of your image. You can drag these in until you are happy with the cropped image. Once you are satisfied with your crop click Crop.How to save a screenshot as JPEGMac screenshots are saved as a PNG file by default. The format has its benefits its uncompressed so you wont lose any detail, for example, but it has a large file size. If you want your screengrab to be as smallSince Apple removed Grab in the update to Mojave it also removed a really simple way to save a screenshot as a JPEG or TIFF file. The easiest way to change the format that your screenshot is saved as would be to open it in a photo editing app, such as Photos or Preview or Photoshop and Save As.However, if you are feeling confident enough, you can make a change in Terminal that should mean your Mac always saves a screengrab as a .jpg, for example.Open Terminal (Press Space+Command and start typing Terminal).Paste in the following: defaults write com.apple.screencapture type jpgPress return.You will need to restart your Mac before the changes will come into effect.In older versions of macOS, you can use Grabto save screenshots as JPEG rather than PNG files. It is also possible to choose to save your shots as PNG or TIFF.Open Grab.Click on Capture, choose from Selection, Window, Screen or Timed Screen (more on that option next).If you want to take a screenshot of a Window, click on that Window.You will hear a camera shutter sound and the screengrab will appear so you can name it and choose where to save it.Fixes for Mac screenshot problemsIf you are having problems taking screengrabs on your Mac we might have the answer below.Why are my screenshots blank?This is not an uncommon occurrence, unfortunately.If youve carefully followed the instructions above and youre sure the selection, window or screen that you targeted for screenshot contained graphical elements but these now arent showing up in the image captured, the chances are that the software you were using has chosen specifically to block screenshots. For example, you may not be able to screenshot a visual in the Netflix app.You should be able to get around the problem by using either a different piece of software that does the same thing.When to do when Mac screenshot not workingIf you are taking screenshots and they arent appearing on your desktop it might be that you were accidentally pressing ctrl at the same time which would copy the shot to your pasteboard.If its not as simple as that, go to System Settings > Keyboard > Shortcuts and check that the shortcuts are activated under Screen Shots.Another possibility is that the usual shortcuts have been assigned to something else, so double-check that here in System Settings too.

Windows Insiders can now download a new beta version of Windows 11 that offers support for Microsofts new search engine based on artificial intelligence (AI); that means, among other things, it is possible to use natural language when performing a search.For now, search functions are limited to finding images and documents in jpg, png, pdf, txt and xls formats.To use the new AI search, a Copilot+ computer is required. And thanks to the special NPU chip in these PCs, users can try out the new search feature without being connected to the internet, The Verge reports.As of now, the search tool works with English, French, Spanish, German, Japanese or Chinese.

The United States and China are entangled in what many have dubbed an AI arms race.In the early days of this standoff, US policymakers drove an agenda centered on winning the race, mostly from an economic perspective. In recent months, leading AI labs such asOpenAIandAnthropicgot involved in pushing the narrative of beating China in what appeared to be an attempt to align themselves with the incoming Trump administration. The belief that the UScanwin in such a race was based mostly on the early advantage it had over China in advanced GPU compute resources and the effectiveness of AIsscaling laws.But now it appears that access to large quantities of advanced compute resources is no longer the defining or sustainable advantage many had thought it would be. In fact, the capability gap between leading US and Chinese models has essentially disappeared, and in one important way the Chinese models may now have an advantage: They are able to achievenear equivalent resultswhile using only a small fraction of the compute resources available to the leading Western labs.The AI competition is increasingly being framed within narrow national security terms, as a zero-sum game, and influenced by assumptions that a future war between the US and China, centered on Taiwan, is inevitable. The US has employedchokepoint tacticsto limit Chinas access to key technologies like advanced semiconductors, and China has responded by accelerating its efforts toward self-sufficiency and indigenous innovation, which is causing US efforts to backfire.Recently even outgoing US Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo, a staunch advocate for strict export controls, finally admitted that using such controls tohold back Chinas progress on AI and advanced semiconductors is a fools errand.Ironically, the unprecedented export control packages targeting Chinas semiconductor and AI sectors have unfolded alongside tentativebilateral and multilateral engagementsto establish AI safety standards and governance frameworkshighlighting a paradoxical desire of both sides to compete and cooperate.When we consider this dynamic more deeply, it becomes clear that the real existential threat ahead is not from China, but from the weaponization of advanced AI by bad actors and rogue groups who seek to create broad harms, gain wealth, or destabilize society. As with nuclear arms, China, as a nation-state, must be careful about using AI-powered capabilities against US interests, but bad actors, including extremist organizations, would be much more likely to abuse AI capabilities with little hesitation. Given the asymmetric nature of AI technology, which is much like cyberweapons, it is very difficult to fully prevent and defend against a determined foe who has mastered its use and intends to deploy it for nefarious ends.Given the ramifications, it is incumbent on the US and China as global leaders in developing AI technology to jointly identify and mitigate such threats, collaborate on solutions, and cooperate on developing a global framework for regulating the most advanced modelsinstead of erecting new fences, small or large, around AI technologies and pursing policies that deflect focus from the real threat.It is now clearer than ever that despite the high stakes and escalating rhetoric, there will not and cannot be any long-term winners if the intense competition continues on its current path. Instead, the consequences could be severeundermining global stability, stalling scientific progress, and leading both nations toward a dangerous technological brinkmanship. This is particularly salient given the importance of Taiwan and the global foundry leader TSMC in the AI stack, and the increasing tensions around the high-tech island.Heading blindly down this path will bring the risk of isolation and polarization, threatening not only international peace but also the vast potential benefits AI promises for humanity as a whole.Historical narratives, geopolitical forces, and economic competition have all contributed to the current state of the US-China AI rivalry. Arecent reportfrom the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission, for example, frames the entire issue in binary terms, focused on dominance or subservience. This winner takes all logic overlooks the potential for global collaboration and could even provoke a self-fulfilling prophecy by escalating conflict. Under the new Trump administration this dynamic will likely become more accentuated, with increasing discussion of aManhattan Project for AIand redirection of US military resources fromUkraine toward China.Fortunately, a glimmer of hope for a responsible approach to AI collaboration is appearing now as Donald Trump recentlyposted on January 17 that hed restarted direct dialoguewith Chairman Xi Jinping regarding various areas of collaboration, and given past cooperation should continue to be partners and friends. The outcome of the TikTok drama, putting Trump at odds with sharp China critics in his own administration and Congress, will be a preview of how his efforts to put US China relations on a less confrontational trajectory.The promise of AI for goodWestern mass media usually focuses on attention-grabbing issues described in terms like the existential risks of evil AI. Unfortunately, the AI safety experts who get the most coverage often recite the same narratives, scaring the public. In reality, no credible research shows that more capable AI will become increasingly evil. We need to challenge the current false dichotomy of pure accelerationism versus doomerism to allow for a model more likecollaborative acceleration.It is important to note the significant difference betweenthe way AI is perceived in Western developed countries and developing countries. In developed countries the public sentiment toward AI is 60% to 70% negative, while in the developing markets the positive ratings are 60% to 80%. People in the latter places have seen technology transform their lives for the better in the past decades and are hopeful AI will help solve the remaining issues they face by improving education, health care, and productivity, thereby elevating their quality of life and giving them greater world standing. What Western populations often fail to realize is that those same benefits could directly improve their lives as well, given the high levels of inequity even in developed markets. Consider what progress would be possible if we reallocated the trillions that go into defense budgets each year to infrastructure, education, and health-care projects.Once we get to the next phase, AI will help us accelerate scientific discovery, develop new drugs, extend our health span, reduce our work obligations, and ensure access to high-quality education for all. This may sound idealistic, but given current trends, most of this can become a reality within a generation, and maybe sooner. To get there well need more advanced AI systems, which will be a much more challenging goal if we divide up compute/data resources and research talent pools. Almost half of all top AI researchers globally (47%) wereborn or educatedin China, according toindustry studies.Its hard to imagine how we could have gotten where we are without the efforts of Chinese researchers. Active collaboration with China on joint AI research could be pivotal to supercharging progress with a major infusion of quality training data and researchers.The escalating AI competition between the US and China poses significant threats to both nations and to the entire world. The risks inherent in this rivalry are not hypotheticalthey could lead to outcomes that threaten global peace, economic stability, and technological progress. Framing the development of artificial intelligence as a zero-sum race undermines opportunities for collective advancement and security. Rather than succumb to the rhetoric of confrontation, it is imperative that the US and China, along with their allies, shift toward collaboration and shared governance.Our recommendations for policymakers:Reduce national security dominance over AI policy.Both the US and China must recalibrate their approach to AI development, moving away from viewing AI primarily as a military asset. This means reducing the emphasis on national security concerns that currently dominate every aspect of AI policy. Instead, policymakers should focus on civilian applications of AI that can directly benefit their populations and address global challenges, such as health care, education, and climate change. The US also needs to investigate how to implement a possible universal basic income program as job displacement from AI adoption becomes a bigger issue domestically.2.Promote bilateral and multilateral AI governance.Establishing a robust dialogue between the US, China, and other international stakeholders is crucial for the development of common AI governance standards. This includes agreeing on ethical norms, safety measures, and transparency guidelines for advanced AI technologies. A cooperative framework would help ensure that AI development is conducted responsibly and inclusively, minimizing risks while maximizing benefits for all.3.Expand investment in detection and mitigation of AI misuse.The risk of AI misuse by bad actors, whether through misinformation campaigns, telecom, power, or financial system attacks, or cybersecurity attacks with the potential to destabilize society, is the biggest existential threat to the world today. Dramatically increasing funding for and international cooperation in detecting and mitigating these risks is vital. The US and China must agree on shared standards for the responsible use of AI and collaborate on tools that can monitor and counteract misuse globally.4.Create incentives for collaborative AI research.Governments should provide incentives for academic and industry collaborations across borders. By creating joint funding programs and research initiatives, the US and China can foster an environment where the best minds from both nations contribute to breakthroughs in AI that serve humanity as a whole. This collaboration would help pool talent, data, and compute resources, overcoming barriers that neither country could tackle alone. A global effort akin to theCERN for AIwill bring much more value to the world, and a peaceful end, than aManhattan Project for AI,which is being promoted by many in Washington today.5.Establish trust-building measures.Both countries need to prevent misinterpretations of AI-related actions as aggressive or threatening. They could do this via data-sharing agreements, joint projects in nonmilitary AI, and exchanges between AI researchers. Reducing import restrictions for civilian AI use cases, for example, could help the nations rebuild some trust and make it possible for them to discuss deeper cooperation on joint research. These measures would help build transparency, reduce the risk of miscommunication, and pave the way for a less adversarial relationship.6.Support the development of a global AI safety coalition.A coalition that includes major AI developers from multiple countries could serve as a neutral platform for addressing ethical and safety concerns. This coalition would bring together leading AI researchers, ethicists, and policymakers to ensure that AI progresses in a way that is safe, fair, and beneficial to all. This effort should not exclude China, as it remains an essential partner in developing and maintaining a safe AI ecosystem.7.Shift the focus toward AI for global challenges.It is crucial that the worlds two AI superpowers use their capabilities to tackle global issues, such as climate change, disease, and poverty. By demonstrating the positive societal impacts of AI through tangible projects and presenting it not as a threat but as a powerful tool for good, the US and China can reshape public perception of AI.Our choice is stark but simple: We can proceed down a path of confrontation that will almost certainly lead to mutual harm, or we can pivot toward collaboration, which offers the potential for a prosperous and stable future for all. Artificial intelligence holds the promise to solve some of the greatest challenges facing humanity, but realizing this potential depends on whether we choose to race against each other or work together.The opportunity to harness AI for the common good is a chance the world cannot afford to miss.Alvin Wang GraylinAlvin Wang Graylin is a technology executive, author, investor, and pioneer with over 30 years of experience shaping innovation in AI, XR (extended reality), cybersecurity, and semiconductors. Currently serving as global vice president at HTC, Graylin was the companys China president from 2016 to 2023. He is the author ofOur Next Reality.Paul TrioloPaul Triolo is apartner for China and technology policy leadat DGA-Albright Stonebridge Group. He advises clients in technology, financial services, and other sectors as they navigate complex political and regulatory matters in the US, China, the European Union, India, and around the world.

Forget massive steel tankssome scientists want to make chemicals with the help of rocks deep beneath Earths surface.New research shows that ammonia, a chemical crucial for fertilizer, can be produced from rocks at temperatures and pressures that are common in the subsurface. The research was published today in Joule, and MIT Technology Review can exclusively report that a new company, called Addis Energy, was founded to commercialize the process.Ammonia is used in most fertilizers and is a vital part of our modern food system. Its also being considered for use as a green fuel in industries like transoceanic shipping. The problem is that current processes used to make ammonia require a lot of energy and produce huge amounts of the greenhouse gases that cause climate changeover 1% of the global total. The new study finds that the planets internal conditions can be used to produce ammonia in a much cleaner process.Earth can be a factory for chemical production, says Iwnetim Abate, an MIT professor and author of the new study.This idea could be a major change for the chemical industry, which today relies on huge facilities running reactions at extremely high temperatures and pressures to make ammonia.The key ingredients for ammonia production are sources of nitrogen and hydrogen. Much of the focus on cleaner production methods currently lies in finding new ways to make hydrogen, since that chemical makes up the bulk of ammonias climate footprint, says Patrick Molloy, a principal at the nonprofit research agency Rocky Mountain Institute.Recently, researchers and companies have located naturally occurring deposits of hydrogen underground. Iron-rich rocks tend to drive reactions that produce the gas, and these natural deposits could provide a source of low-cost, low-emissions hydrogen.While geologic hydrogen is still in its infancy as an industry, some researchers are hoping to help the process along by stimulating production of hydrogen underground. With the right rocks, heat, and a catalyst, you can produce hydrogen cheaply and without emitting large amounts of climate pollution.Hydrogen can be difficult to transport, though, so Abate was interested in going one step further by letting the conditions underground do the hard work in powering chemical reactions that transform hydrogen and nitrogen into ammonia. As you dig, you get heat and pressure for free, he says.To test out how this might work, Abate and his team crushed up iron-rich minerals and added nitrates (a nitrogen source), water (a hydrogen source), and a catalyst to help reactions along in a small reactor in the lab. They found that even at relatively low temperatures and pressures, they could make ammonia in a matter of hours. If the process were scaled up, the researchers estimate, one well could produce 40,000 tons of ammonia per day.While the reactions tend to go faster at high temperature and pressure, the researchers found that ammonia production could be an economically viable process even at 130 C (266 F) and a little over two atmospheres of pressure, conditions that would be accessible at depths reachable with existing drilling technology.While the reactions work in the lab, theres a lot of work to do to determine whether, and how, the process might actually work in the field. One thing the team will need to figure out is how to keep reactions going, because in the reaction that forms ammonia, the surface of the iron-rich rocks will be oxidized, leaving them in a state where they cant keep reacting. But Abate says the team is working on controlling how thick the unusable layer of rock is, and its composition, so the chemical reactions can continue.To commercialize this work, Abate is cofounding a company called Addis Energy with $4.25 million in pre-seed funds from investors including Engine Ventures. His cofounders include Michael Alexander and Charlie Mitchell (who have both spent time in the oil and gas industry) and Yet-Ming Chiang, an MIT professor and serial entrepreneur. The company will work on scaling up the research, including finding potential sites with the geological conditions to produce ammonia underground.The good news for scale-up efforts is that much of the necessary technology already exists in oil and gas operations, says Alexander, Addiss CEO. A field-deployed system will involve drilling, pumping fluid down into the ground, and extracting other fluids from beneath the surface, all very common operations in that industry. Theres novel chemistry thats wrapped in an oil and gas package, he says.The team will also work on refining cost estimates for the process and gaining a better understanding of safety and sustainability, Abate says. Ammonia is a toxic industrial chemical, but its common enough for there to be established procedures for handling, storing, and transporting it, says RMIs Molloy.Judging from the researchers early estimates, ammonia produced with this method could cost up to $0.55 per kilogram. Thats more than ammonia produced with fossil fuels today ($0.40/kg), but the technique would likely be less expensive than other low-emissions methods of producing the chemical. Tweaks to the process, including using nitrogen from the air instead of nitrates, could help cut costs further, even as low as $0.20/kg.New approaches to making ammonia could be crucial for climate efforts. Its a chemical thats essential to our way of life, says Karthish Manthiram, a professor at Caltech who studies electrochemistry, including alternative ammonia production methods.The teams research appears to be designed with scalability in mind from the outset, and using Earth itself as a reactor is the kind of thinking needed to accelerate the long-term journey to sustainable chemical production, Manthiram adds.While the company focuses on scale-up efforts, theres plenty of fundamental work left for Abate and other labs to do to understand whats going on during the reactions at the atomic level, particularly at the interface between the rocks and the reacting fluid.Research in the lab is exciting, but its only the first step, Abate says. The next one is seeing if this actually works in the field.

A sketchy report claims to have calculated the precise income Apple TV+ has made from key shows like "Severance," but the figure appear to be guesses that ignore how the company's business model is different to all other streamers."Severance" image credit: Apple"Severance" is unquestionably a much-talked about hit for Apple TV+, but aside from a Blu-ray release, the only income it can provide Apple is from the number of subscribers it attracts to the streamer. Apple has yet to release any subscriber numbers at all, but according to Deadline, one company is saying it has calculated the financial value of Apple TV+ shows.Research firm Parrot Analytics has not made its full report public, and shares no details of what it calls its Content Valuation methodology. Unlike any other streamer, though, the only revenue stream for Apple TV+ is subscription. Continue Reading on AppleInsider | Discuss on our Forums

Despite President Trump's temporary stay on the federal TikTok ban, it's extremely unlikely that the video-sharing app will return to the App Store anytime soon. Here's why.TikTok's status in the U.S. remains complicatedOn January 19, the U.S. government enacted a blanket ban against ByteDance apps, owners of popular apps such as TikTok, Marvel Snap, and CapCut. A day later, President Trump signed an executive order delaying the ban for 75 days.And yet, despite that, TikTok or any app developed by ByteDance Ltd has yet to reappear on the App Store or the Google Play store. And, according to a new Apple support page, it appears as if it's going to stay that way. Continue Reading on AppleInsider | Discuss on our Forums

The 14 standout projects shortlisted for Dont Move, Improve! 2025 has been shared with Bustler by organizers at New London Architecture. A public voting period will follow until it closes on February 5th, followed by the announcement of the winners and People's Choice winner on February 19th.Federico Ortiz, Head of Program for NLA, offers: "This years shortlist exemplifies the power of thoughtful home design to transform not just spaces but the way we live. These projects offer inspiration and practical solutions for Londoners looking to improve their homes, demonstrating that great design is accessible to all. From small-scale refurbishments to bold architectural statements, these homes are proof that Londoners are embracing the potential of their spaces in incredible ways."This will be the annual competition's 16th overall edition. Be sure to check back here for the results at that time. Until then, here's a look at the unique residential renovations and remodels that stood out...

With all the information its revealed about Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 thus far, Warhorse Studios has outlined whats coming after launch. In a new trailer outlining its post-launch roadmap, the developer confirmed that the Barber feature, Hardcore Mode, and horse racing would arrive for free this Spring.In Summer, the first paid DLC, Brushes With Death, arrives and sees the player assisting a mysterious artist with an enigmatic past. Autumn sees the launch of Legacy of the Forge, where Henry must restore Kuttenbergs force and become a master blacksmith. Finally, Mysteria Ecclesia debuts in Winter and focuses on investigating the Sedletz Monastery to contain a deadly illness.All of the paid DLC is available in the Expansion Pass and Gold Edition. The latter also provides the Gallant Huntsmans Kit, which includes Artemis crossbow, Nimroads hunting coat, and St. Huberts hunting cap.Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 launches on February 4th for Xbox Series X/S, PS5, and PC. Check out our feature for more details.