Musk and Altman cofounded OpenAI, the creator of ChatGPT, in 2015, alongside other Silicon Valley figures, including Peter Thiel, LinkedIn cofounder Reid Hoffman, and Y Combinator cofounder Jessica Livingston.OpenAI CEO Sam Altman and Elon Musk aimed to create a nonprofit focused on developing AI. Getty The group aimed to create a nonprofit focused on developing artificial intelligence "in the way that is most likely to benefit humanity as a whole," according to a statement on OpenAI's website from December 11, 2015.At the time, Musk said that AI was the "biggest existential threat" to humanity.Musk said AI was the "biggest existential threat" to humanity. Carina Johansen/Getty Images "It's hard to fathom how much human-level AI could benefit society, and it's equally hard to imagine how much it could damage society if built or used incorrectly," a statement announcing the founding of OpenAI reads.Musk stepped down from OpenAI's board of directors in 2018.OpenAI said in a blog post that Musk stepping down would "eliminate" a potential conflict with Tesla. Gilbert Carrasquillo/GC Images "As Tesla continues to become more focused on AI, this will eliminate a potential future conflict for Elon," OpenAI said in a blog post at the time, adding that Musk would continue to provide guidance and donations.With his departure, Musk also backed out of a commitment to provide additional funding to OpenAI, a person involved in the matter told The New Yorker."It was very tough," Altman told the magazine of the situation. "I had to reorient a lot of my life and time to make sure we had enough funding."It was reported that Sam Altman and other OpenAI cofounders had rejected Musk's proposal to run the company in 2018.Sam Altman and other OpenAI cofounders reportedly rejected Musk's proposal to run the company. JASON REDMOND/AFP via Getty Images Semafor reported in 2023 that Musk wanted to run the company on his own in an attempt to beat Google. But when his offer to run the company was rejected, he pulled his funding and left OpenAI's board, the news outlet said.Musk has taken shots at OpenAI on several occasions since leaving.Musk said he didn't have high confidence in Dario Amodei for safety. Frederic Brown/Getty Images Two years after his departure, Musk said, "OpenAI should be more open" in response to an MIT Technology Review article reporting that there was a culture of secrecy there, despite OpenAI frequently proclaiming a commitment to transparency.Musk also added that his "confidence in Dario for safety is not high," referring to Dario Amodei, who led OpenAI's strategy at the time.Musk was reportedly furious about ChatGPT's success, Semafor reported in 2023.OpenAI launched ChatGPT in November 2022. Bill Pugliano/Getty Images In November 2022, the chatbot took off and garnered millions of users for its ability to do everything from write essays to craft basic code.In February 2023, Musk doubled down, saying OpenAI as it exists today is "not what I intended at all."Musk said OpenAI didn't turn out as he intended. Michael Kovac/Getty Images for Vanity Fair "OpenAI was created as an open source (which is why I named it "Open" AI), non-profit company to serve as a counterweight to Google, but now it has become a closed source, maximum-profit company effectively controlled by Microsoft. Not what I intended at all," he said in a tweet.Musk repeated this assertion a month later."I'm still confused as to how a non-profit to which I donated ~$100M somehow became a $30B market cap for-profit. If this is legal, why doesn't everyone do it?" he tweeted.Musk was one of more than 1,000 people who signed an open letter calling for a six-month pause on training advanced AI systems.Musk signed an open letter calling for a six month pause on training advanced AI systems. Dimitrios Kambouris/Getty Images The March 2023 letter, which also received signatures from several AI experts, cited concerns about AI's potential risks to humanity."Powerful AI systems should be developed only once we are confident that their effects will be positive and their risks will be manageable," the letter says.But while he was publicly calling for the pause, Musk was quietly building his own AI competitor, xAI, The New Yorker reported in 2023. He launched the company in March 2023.Altman has addressed some of Musk's gripes about OpenAI.Altman has responded to some of the claims Musk has made about OpenAI. Brian Ach/Getty Images for TechCrunch "To say a positive thing about Elon, I think he really does care about a good future with AGI," Altman said last year on an episode of the "On With Kara Swisher" podcast, referring to artificial general intelligence."I mean, he's a jerk, whatever else you want to say about him he has a style that is not a style that I'd want to have for myself," Altman told Swisher. "But I think he does really care, and he is feeling very stressed about what the future's going to look like for humanity."In response to Musk's claim that OpenAI has turned into "a closed source, maximum-profit company effectively controlled by Microsoft," Altman said on the podcast, "Most of that is not true, and I think Elon knows that."Altman has also referred to Musk as one of his heroes.Altman has referred to Musk as one of his heroes. Drew Angerer/Getty In a March 2023 episode of Lex Fridman's podcast, Altman also said, "Elon is obviously attacking us some on Twitter right now on a few different vectors."Nonetheless, he called Musk one of his heroes, adding, "I believe he is, understandably so, really stressed about AGI safety."In a May 2023 talk at University College London, Altman was asked what he's learned from various mentors, Fortune reported. He answered by speaking about Musk."Certainly learning from Elon about what is just, like, possible to do and that you don't need to accept that, like, hard R&D and hard technology is not something you ignore, that's been super valuable," he said.Musk has since briefly unfollowed Altman on Twitter before following him again; separately, Altman later poked fun at Musk's claim to be a "free speech absolutist."Musk briefly unfollowed Altman on Twitter before following him again. Kevin Dietsch/Getty Images Twitter took aim at posts linking to rival Substack in 2023, forbidding users from retweeting or replying to tweets containing such links, before reversing course. In response to a tweet about the situation, Altman tweeted, "Free speech absolutism on STEROIDS."Musk has called himself a "free speech absolutist" before and said it's one of the reasons he bought Twitter, now X.Altman joked that he'd watch Musk and Mark Zuckerberg's rumored cage fight.Altman joked about watching Musk and Mark Zuckerberg's cage fight. Issei Kato/Reuters "I would go watch if he and Zuck actually did that," he said at the Bloomberg Technology Summit in June 2023, though he said he doesn't think he would ever challenge Musk in a physical fight.Altman also repeated several of his previous remarks about Musk's position on AI."He really cares about AI safety a lot," Altman said at Bloomberg's summit. "We have differences of opinion on some parts, but we both care about that and he wants to make sure we, the world, have the maximal chance at a good outcome."Separately, Altman told The New Yorker in August 2023 that Musk has a my-way-or-the highway approach to issues more broadly."Elon desperately wants the world to be saved. But only if he can be the one to save it," Altman said.Musk first sued Altman and OpenAI in March 2024.Musk has since dropped the original lawsuit against OpenAI. Slaven Vlasic, Andrew Caballero-Reynolds/Getty Images He first sued OpenAI, Altman, and cofounder Greg Brockman in March, alleging the company's direction in recent years has violated its founding principles.His lawyers alleged OpenAI "has been transformed into a closed-source de facto subsidiary of the largest technology company in the world" and is "refining an AGI to maximize profits for Microsoft, rather than for the benefit of humanity."In response, OpenAI called the lawsuit "incoherent" and "contradictory,"suggesting Musk was jealous of the company's success without him.A few months later, Musk withdrew the lawsuit, a day before a judge was set to consider the future of the case in a hearing.Musk sued OpenAI again in August 2024, this time claiming he was "deceived" into cofounding the company.Elon Musk appeared to take aim at Sam Altman after the departure of one of OpenAI's most-prominent executives. Marc Piasecki; Justin Sullivan/ Getty Images Musk filed a new lawsuit in August against Altman and cofounder Greg Brockman, who recently left the company for three months and returned a couple of days ago.The lawsuit alleges that OpenAI executives played on Musk's concerns about the existential risks of AI and "assiduously manipulated" him into cofounding the company as a nonprofit. The intent of the company was to focus on building AI safely in an open approach to benefit humanity, the lawsuit says.The company has since decided to take a for-profit approach.OpenAI responded to the lawsuit by stating that "Elon's prior emails continue to speak for themselves."The emails, which were published by OpenAI in March, show correspondence between Musk and OpenAI executives that indicated he supported a pivot to a for-profit model and was open to merging the AI startup with Tesla.Musk expanded his beef with OpenAI to include Microsoft, accusing the two of constituting a monopolyMusk added Microsoft as a defendant in the lawsuit against OpenAI. Getty Images Musk amended the lawsuit against OpenAI in November to include Microsoft as a defendant. He also named Reid Hoffman, who serves as a Microsoft board member and former OpenAI board member, as a defendant.The billionaire called OpenAI's partnership with Microsoft a "de facto merger" and accused the two of anti-competitive practices, such as engaging in "lavish compensation."Musk's lawyers said the two companies "possess a nearly 70% share of the generative AI market.""OpenAI has attempted to starve competitors of AI talent by aggressively recruiting employees with offers of lavish compensation, and is on track to spend $1.5 billion on personnel for just 1,500 employees," lawyers for Musk said in the complaint.Two weeks later, Musk filed a motion asking a judge to prevent OpenAI from dropping its nonprofit status.Elon Musk sued OpenAI in March but dropped the lawsuit in June. Anadolu Musk filed a complaint to Judge Yvonne GonzalezIf granted by the judge, the injunction could cause issues with OpenAI's partnership with Microsoft and prevent it from becoming a for-profit company.As Musk's influence on US policy grows, his feud with Altman hangs in the balance.Donald Trump and Elon Musk grew close during the presidential race. Getty Images As President Donald Trump's self-proclaimed "First Buddy," Musk's power and influence on the US economy is poised to increase even further over the next four years. In addition to being a right-hand-man to Trump, Musk will lead the Department of Government Efficiency, with the goal of slashing federal spending and regulations. Biotech billionaire Vivek Ramaswamy was also set to co-lead DOGE but announced in January that he'll step down from the role and is instead expected to make a run for governor in Ohio.Musk hasn't been quiet about his disdain for Altman postelection. He dubbed the OpenAI cofounder "Swindly Sam" in an X post on November 15.Musk challenges $500B AI infrastructure project, Stargate, led by OpenAIMusk said OpenAI and others involved in Stargate didn't have the funding they needed for the AI infrastructure project. Chesnot/Getty Images A day after Trump's inauguration, the President announced a $500 billion AI infrastrcuture project in the US called Stargate with initial funding coming from OpenAI, Oracle, SoftBank, and United Arab Emirates' MGX. The joint venture does not include Musk's xAI.Musk took to X to challenge the plan and once again criticize his rival. Under OpenAI's X post announcing plans to invest half a trillion dollars over the next four years, Musk wrote, "They don't actually have the money.""SoftBank has well under $10B secured," he said. "I have that on good authority."Altman pushed back, writing that Musk was "wrong" and extended an invite to the "first site already under way.""I genuinely respect your accomplishments and think you are the most inspiring entrepreneur of our time," Altman wrote in another X post to Musk.

The Logoff is a daily newsletter that helps you stay informed about the Trump administration without letting political news take over your life. Subscribe here.Good afternoon, and welcome to The Logoff the newsletter that gives you the Trump news you need so that you can log off and get back to the rest of your life.Late Tuesday, President Donald Trump launched a barrage of executive orders and other actions aimed at dismantling diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts both inside government and everywhere else. The shift undoes decades of policies that had strong Democratic support and were left intact by previous Republican administrations, including during Trumps first term. And it will mean the end of policies that supporters say provided meaningful channels for advancement for millions of women and minorities.The orders:Undid a 1965 affirmative action requirement for federal contractors to hire more women and people of colorOrdered every federal agency to identify the most egregious and discriminatory DEI practitioners in the private sector for potential investigationNullified a slew of other existing DEI requirements, including an order aimed at promoting environmental justice for marginalized communitiesAnd the acting chief of the office overseeing the federal civil service ordered all employees at DEI-related offices to be placed on leave, effectively freezing DEI efforts government-wide.Progressive groups may challenge many of these actions in court, but they could face long odds, as the Supreme Courts majority takes a dim view of affirmative action. And with Trumps executive order promising more anti-DEI steps in the coming months, Americas anti-DEI revolution is well underway. The implications of that revolution will be felt in government, business, academia, and virtually every other faction of civic life for years, if not decades, to come.And with that, its time to log off That was intense, but did you know that some of the worlds largest lakes have been hidden under Antarcticas ice for millions of years? And did you know that scientists have discovered not just life in those lakes but a thriving ecosystem? Would you like to learn more via Voxs delightful Unexplainable podcast? Here you go!Youve read 1 article in the last monthHere at Vox, we're unwavering in our commitment to covering the issues that matter most to you threats to democracy, immigration, reproductive rights, the environment, and the rising polarization across this country.Our mission is to provide clear, accessible journalism that empowers you to stay informed and engaged in shaping our world. By becoming a Vox Member, you directly strengthen our ability to deliver in-depth, independent reporting that drives meaningful change.We rely on readers like you join us.Swati SharmaVox Editor-in-ChiefSee More:

An orange-tinged smog caused by Canadas wildfires blanketed New York City on June 7, obscuring its famous skyscrapers. | Angela Weiss/AFP via Getty ImagesThe summer of 2023 has seen persistent spikes in dangerous air quality levels across the United States as smoke from ongoing wildfires in Canada is blown south. In early June, the smoke in New York City was so bad it officially had the worst air quality of any major city in the world, according to air quality technology company IQAir. Later in June, much of the Midwest was blanketed by a dangerous haze of air pollution.This extreme fire event and its long smoke trail indicate a much larger and worrying trend: Wildfires are getting worse, lasting longer, and occurring more frequently, primarily due to climate change.So, how can you stay safe in Americas smoke-filled future? Follow here for Voxs coverage of how to interpret the Air Quality Index, how to protect your health as AQI rises, and possible solutions to air pollution threats in the US.The Air Quality Index and how to use it, explainedIf you cant breathe well, neither can your petHow to make your indoor air better when its smoky outsideWhy is eastern Canada on fire and when will the smoke clear?The air we breathe was getting better. Then climate change hit.Smoky air puts everyone at risk but its worse for someWe cant just run away from wildfires

Given the long gap between Stranger Things fourth and long-awaited upcoming fifth season, its no surprise members of its cast have kept busy with other projects. David Harbour made Marvels Thunderbolts*; Millie Bobby Brown has the Russo Brothers Electric State next on her ever-growing Netflix docket. But from what we can tell, only one Hawkins, Indiana hero co-directed, co-written, and co-starred in a movie during the hiatus: Finn Wolfhard, whose slasher comedy dropped a trailer today. Hell of a Summer actually had its premiere at the 2023 Toronto Film Festival, which means between Stranger Things season fours 2022 arrival, Wolfhard has also been busy with even more projects (including starring in Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire). But were still impressed by the level of overachievement here. Check out the red-band trailer for his journey into the wacky terrors of summer camp. The official synopsis reads: Hell of a Summer follows 24-year-old camp counselor Jason Hochberg (Fred Hechinger), who arrives at Camp Pineway thinking his biggest problem is that he feels out of touch with his teenage co-workers. What he doesnt know is that a masked killer is lurking on the campgrounds, brutally picking counselors off one by one. Thats no coincident that the main characters name is Jason, of course. The movie clearly rips several tongue-and-cheek pages from Friday the 13thand Friday the 13th Part 2, both films about counselors being picked off before the camp actually opens for businessbut has fun with other genre tropes too. Ouija, anyone?Wolfhard (who co-wrote and co-directed with Billy Bryk) co-stars in a cast that also includes Bryk, Abby Quinn, DPharaoh Woon-A-Tai, Pardis Saremi, Rosebud Bakeri, and Adam Pally. Hell of a Summer arrives in theaters April 18, just in time for you to start re-thinking all your camping plans. Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, whats next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.

By AJ Dellinger Published January 22, 2025 | Comments (38) | Elon Musk appears to give a Nazi-like salute during speech ANGELA WEISS/AFP via Getty Images Performing two Nazi-like salutes may have won Elon Musk some fans over in the dark corners of the internet, but odds are low that his supporters on BitChute and Rumble will be able to make up for the traffic that X is about to lose. In the wake of Musks I give my heart to you gesture that looked an awful lot like a Sieg Heil salute, a number of large subreddits on Reddit are banning links to X. The ban spans basically every category of subreddit and will cut off X links from a significant source of traffic, as some of the communities boast millions of subscribers. The subreddit r/TwoXChromosomes, which has more than 14 million members and is one of the largest to join the protest, banned links to X (as well as Facebook, Instagram, and Threads) and encouraged users to report any link or screenshot from Musks platform so that it can be removed. The movement has spread across different sectors of Reddit. Gaming subreddits including r/Nintendo, r/magicTCG, r/Destiny2, and r/KingdomHearts all moved to ban X links. Other major subreddits including those for the communities of Smash Bros., Halo, Counter-Strike, and Dungeons and Dragons are actively polling their members to decide if X will get the boot, per TheGamer. Sports communities, too, are taking steps to prevent X links from being shared. The subreddit for Formula One racing fans, r/formula1 and its more than four million users are done with Musks platform, as did Liverpool fans over in r/LiverpoolFC. Subreddits including r/NFL and r/hockey are considering following suit, which is a pretty big deal given that so much of sports content is driven by reports that originate on Twitter. The moderator of r/Military offered perhaps the most succinct and decisive ruling on X posts. While other communities debate whether they want to x out X links, u/DreamsAndSchemes made the call without requiring any consultation and offered the following explanation for the ban: Fuck that guy.While the subreddit moderators and community members have seemed to decide that if it looks like a duck, talks like a duck, and passionately does the goose step twice in front of a large audience, then you can safely assume that it is what you think it is. But others have been less willing to condemn Musk. The Anti-Defamation League called Musks Seig Hiel motion an awkward gesture in a moment of enthusiasm, not a Nazi salute, to which Musk thanked the group in response. Ben Shapiro came to Musks defense by sharing a picture of the two of them during a visit to Auschwitz, conveniently leaving out the reason Musk made the visit was because he was promoting antisemitic conspiracy theories and allowing outright Nazis to return to X after previously having been banned.Anyway, the traffic hit X will take from losing major subreddits as an aggregator could be significant, but its not clear itll matter that much to Musk. He seems content to drive the platforms functionality into the ground as long as it allows him to accumulate powerand given that hes apparently got office space in the West Wing, seems like hes about as close to the levers of power as he can get.Daily NewsletterYou May Also Like By Matt Novak Published January 22, 2025 By Lucas Ropek Published January 21, 2025 By Matthew Gault Published January 21, 2025 By Matt Novak Published January 20, 2025 By Lucas Ropek Published January 17, 2025 By AJ Dellinger Published January 17, 2025

The avian flu continues to circulate in parts of the world, including the U.S., infecting domestic poultry, cattle, and some humans. A study published in Scientific Advances examines how mass vaccination of poultry against H5 subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV) including H5N1 and H5N6 may help to slow the spread of avian influenza, however, in turn, the vaccination may also lead to the virus evolving faster.Understanding Avian Influenza VirusThe H5 virus is a strain of influenza A that does not pass from human to human. A person who has been infected likely picked it up from domestic poultry or cattle. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 67 people have been infected with the starting of AIV, known as H5N1, in the U.S., and one person has died since 2024. While there is still little concern for a pandemic, researchers are working to ensure that a vaccine is ready should the virus evolve and transfer from human to human.To understand the spread of AIV, the researchers analyzed domestic poultry and wild birds from different regions in Europe and Asia and separated them into two categories: vaccinated and unvaccinated. The team conducted a genetic analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) sequences from samples collected between 1996 to 2023. Hemagglutinin is a glycoprotein found in influenza viruses that helps it bind to cells of the hosts it infects.The research team also evaluated the spread of the virus in wild birds, though according to the study, the virus impact on wild birds still remains uncertain.As avian influenza continues to pose considerable challenges to wild and domestic animals, our research can help inform the development of preventive measures against AIV, such as global vaccination policies, said Bingying Li and the study authors in a press release.The team noted that virus transmission was more common between wild birds and unvaccinated poultry than it was among unvaccinated poultry. However, thats not all they noticed.Faster EvolutionWhile H5N1 seems to be the main viral strain of avian influenza currently in the U.S., H5N6 is the main strain circulating around China. According to the study, China implemented a nationwide vaccination mandate for poultry in 2005, and it makes up about 90 percent of the global H5 AIV usage.These vaccine implementations likely helped reduce any H5 viral outbreaks among domestic birds. However, the study authors noted that though there were no viral outbreaks, the H5 virus evolved at a faster rate between 2005 and 2010. The authors noticed that this rapid evolution happened in other countries, such as Mexico and Egypt, where mass vaccinations also happened.More research is needed to determine if the mass vaccinations are causing the AIV to evolve faster or if this is simply a coincidence. Either way, the results can help researchers better understand AIV and how to develop effective and comprehensive prevention strategies. Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:A graduate of UW-Whitewater, Monica Cull wrote for several organizations, including one that focused on bees and the natural world, before coming to Discover Magazine. Her current work also appears on her travel blog and Common State Magazine. Her love of science came from watching PBS shows as a kid with her mom and spending too much time binging Doctor Who.

Climate change has already begun to instigate environment-altering effects around the world, and the latest evidence is cropping up in arctic regions that are emitting increasing amounts of carbon dioxide. Researchers in a new study published in Nature Climate Change, have measured the flow of carbon in the Arctic-boreal zone (ABZ) consisting of the treeless tundra, boreal forests, and wetlands in northern latitudes and found that a shifting dynamic is underway.These environments were once mostly carbon dioxide sinks, meaning they absorbed more atmospheric CO2 than they released. The majority of the ABZ still acts as a sink, but now, some spots have started to become significant carbon sources.A Change in the Earth's BreathingIn the new study, an international research team led by the Woodwell Climate Research Center assessed a collection of carbon flux data spanning from 1990 to 2020, taken from 200 sites in the ABZ. They found that 34 percent of the ABZ is now a source of carbon to the atmosphere, and this percentage goes up to 40 percent when considering emissions from wildfires.The researchers wanted to know how the constant breathing of the Earth in other words, the cycle of CO2 uptake and release that is largely driven by plant photosynthesis and decomposition has changed in northern latitudes. From 2001 to 2020, the ABZ has generally been increasing as a carbon sink due to increased carbon uptake during summers. This serves the important role of maintaining a balance in the atmospheres CO2 levels.However, more spots in the ABZ especially in tundras are also turning into carbon sources, mainly due to rising emissions during non-summer seasons. Other reasons may include vegetation dieback (the gradual death of plant tissue) and the growing frequency of permafrost thaw. In tundra regions, average annual soil temperatures are trending toward above freezing, leading to a greater incidence of organic decomposition, which contributes CO2 to the atmosphere. In addition, introducing fire emissions further augments the CO2 levels reviewed in the study.While we found many northern ecosystems are still acting as carbon dioxide sinks, source regions and fires are now canceling out much of that net uptake and reversing long-standing trends, said Anna Virkkala, a research scientist at the Permafrost Pathways initiative at Woodwell Climate and lead author of the study, in a statement.Unlike tundras, the somewhat milder boreal forests are more often experiencing strong carbon uptake due to longer summers, offsetting the non-summer emissions. These regions, though, are still seeing the appearance of more carbon sources as well.Read More: Debunking 3 Common Climate Change MythsCarbon Source HotspotsResearchers upscaled the CO2 data, which combined individual site-level readings with climate, soil, and vegetation records to create living maps that showed the fluctuations of atmospheric carbon. The upscaling revealed where this changing dynamic is occurring; the researchers note that it is certain hotspots within the ABZ that are greatly impacting trends in carbon flux.Growing carbon sources have been showing up primarily in northern Europe, Canada, Siberia, and central Alaska. Carbon sources are becoming especially prevalent in tundra and boreal environments in Alaska. The researchers say this may be a result of Alaska having rapidly warming autumns and declining autumn snow cover. Accelerated permafrost thaw in the state has also been observed in recent decades.Keeping an Eye on SiberiaSiberia presents an interesting case, as the regions boreal environments represent some of the strongest net sources and sinks according to data. On the whole, Siberia tundras and boreal forests are experiencing escalating sink trends; this may be influenced by factors like earlier starts to the growing season, increased carbon uptake from declining spring snow cover, and increased tree distribution. Siberia will be a crucial area to watch since it stores more than half of the permafrost regions carbon stocks and is warming quicker than other parts of the ABZ.Although data from the past three decades has shown patterns of both rising sink and source trends, researchers say more data is needed in places like Siberia and the Canadian Arctic. Studying the entire ABZ region, particularly areas where permafrost is melting, will be a pivotal step in the future as climate change intensifies.Carbon cycling in the permafrost region is really starting to change, Virkkala said. Our study may act as a warning sign of bigger changes ahead, and offers a map of places well need to better monitor in the coming decades.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:Nature Climate Change. Wildfires offset the increasing but spatially heterogeneous Arcticboreal CO2 uptake UNU EHS. 5 Things You Need to Know About Forest Die-backNational Park Service. Fire in Ecosystems: Arctic TundraJack Knudson is an assistant editor at Discover with a strong interest in environmental science and history. Before joining Discover in 2023, he studied journalism at the Scripps College of Communication at Ohio University and previously interned at Recycling Today magazine.

Nature, Published online: 22 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08402-zWhistler-mode chorus waves have been observed in the tail region of the terrestrial magnetosphere, where the magnetic field is not dipolar so that chorus waves were not expected, and their generation mechanisms have been tested with state-of-the-art observations.

Nature, Published online: 22 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08459-wDopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area have a role in modulating aggression in adult male mice, and this effect of dopamine depends strongly on fighting experience.

Female mammals typically carry two X chromosomes one from each parent and a new study suggests that the maternal X is linked to faster brain aging.