Who needs a console? Way more game makers are working on PC titles than ever, survey says 80 percent of game devs are working on a PC project, up from 66 percent last year. Kyle Orland Jan 23, 2025 6:00 pm | 13 Never forget: This is who you're fighting for, PC game developers Credit: Peerapon Boonyakiat/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images Never forget: This is who you're fighting for, PC game developers Credit: Peerapon Boonyakiat/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images Story textSizeSmallStandardLargeWidth *StandardWideLinksStandardOrange* Subscribers only Learn moreFour out of five game developers are currently working on a project for the PC, a sizable increase from 66 percent of developers a year ago. That's according to Informa's latest State of the Game Industry survey, which partnered with Omdia to ask over 3,000 game industry professionals about their work in advance of March's Game Developers Conference.The 80 percent of developers working on PC projects in this year's survey is by far the highest mark for any platform dating back to at least 2018, when 60 percent of surveyed developers were working on a PC game. In the years since, the ratio of game developers working on the PC has hovered between 56 and 66 percent before this year's unexpected jump. The number of game developers saying they were interested in the PC as a platform also increased substantially, from 62 percent last year to 74 percent this year. While the PC has long been the most popular platform in this survey, the sudden jump in the last year was rather large. Credit: Kyle Orland / Informa While the PC has long been the most popular platform in this survey, the sudden jump in the last year was rather large. Credit: Kyle Orland / Informa The PC has long been the most popular platform for developers to work on in the annual State of the Game Industry survey, easily outpacing consoles and mobile platforms that generally see active work from anywhere between 12 to 36 percent of developer respondents, depending on the year. In its report, Informa notes this surge as a "passion for PC development explod[ing]" among developers, and mentions that while "PC has consistently been the platform of choice... this year saw its dominance increase even more."The increasing popularity of PC gaming among developers is also reflected in the number of individual game releases on Steam, which topped out at a record of 18,974 individual titles for 2024, according to SteamDB. That record number was up over 32 percent from 2023, which was up from just under 16 percent from 2022 (though many Steam games each year were "Limited Games" that failed to meet Valve's minimum engagement metrics for Badges and Trading Cards). The number of annual Steam releases also points to increasing interest in the platform. Credit: SteamDB The number of annual Steam releases also points to increasing interest in the platform. Credit: SteamDB The Steam Deck effect?While it's hard to pinpoint a single reason for the sudden surge in the popularity of PC game development, Informa speculates that it's "connected to the rising popularity of Valves Steam Deck." While Valve has only officially acknowledged "multiple millions" in sales for the portable hardware, GameDiscoverCo analyst Simon Carless estimated that between 3 million and 4 million Steam Deck units had been sold by October 2023, up significantly from reports of 1 million Deck shipments in October 2022.That's a sizable start for the nascent handheld PC gaming market, but it's still a relative drop in the bucket compared to the nearly 2 billion worldwide PC gamers (of some stripe) estimated by DFC Intelligence or even the 39 million concurrent players Steam registered in December (not to mention over 100 million Switch consoles). An influx of a few million units of the Steam Deck (and its imitators) would seem unlikely to make such a sudden impact on the world of PC game development. A few million Steam Deck sales could be having an outsized influence on developers A few million Steam Deck sales could be having an outsized influence on developers Then again, the Steam Deck marks the first real opportunity for most gamers to play PC games away from a bulky desktop tower or slightly less bulky gaming laptop. The prospect of playing games on the couch, in bed, or even on a plane could be attracting more developers to a PC platform that can also handle advanced graphical effects on higher-end hardware (sorry, Nintendo Switch).Of course, there's a chance this year's PC gaming jump is just statistical noise. Informa's survey is a self-selected sample from among the tens of thousands of attendees going to the Game Developers Conference, which is in itself a (relatively well-off) subset of the hundreds of thousands of professional and hobbyist game developers worldwide. While the self-reported platform numbers among that sample have not been very noisy in years past, all the major platforms (except for the Xbox Series X/S) saw at least a slight uptick between the 2024 and 2025 surveys, suggesting what might be an odd annual sample of developers.In any case, this year's survey serves as yet another data point suggesting PC gaming is a large and still growing section of the industry, even as smartphones and consoles like the Switch continue to attract widespread interest from gamers. Worth keeping in mind as you eye the latest pricey offerings from Nvidia, for instance.Kyle OrlandSenior Gaming EditorKyle OrlandSenior Gaming Editor Kyle Orland has been the Senior Gaming Editor at Ars Technica since 2012, writing primarily about the business, tech, and culture behind video games. He has journalism and computer science degrees from University of Maryland. He once wrote a whole book about Minesweeper. 13 Comments

Claire Volkman, 39, tried online dating after her marriage ended.She was traveling for work and went on dates in cities around the world.She met her second husband after a year of dating across multiple apps.A few months after I left my husband, I downloaded multiple dating apps. It felt like foreign territory, as I'd met my ex-husband in college before dating apps existed a time when "swiping right on Tinder" held no meaning.I had lost 40 pounds, which made it difficult to find the right photo to use on my profile, and I had no idea what to write about myself. Should I be coy? Or blunt? Silly or serious? After hours of deliberating, I created my first account on Bumble and started finding matches.My goals for the year were to travel the world, go on as many dates as possible, and attempt to find my soulmate in between airport delays and missed connections. As a travel writer, I loaded my schedule up with assignments that would take me around the world.I traveled to over 20 countries that year. The further I went, the harder online dating got. My 20+-hour flights to countries like Myanmar and Australia made the journeys to cities in Colombia and Spain seem short.But the red-headed Brit I dubbed Prince Harry in Hong Kong, and the Aussie I fell for as we hiked up volcanoes in Bali did help fill temporary voids of loneliness.I didn't find love abroadAs I traveled from the beaches of Sardinia to the craggy mountains of Patagonia, I found myself swiping, texting, and occasionally questioning my life choices. I created dating app profiles and swiped through candidates on Tinder, Bumble, and Coffee Meets Bagel.Was I destined to end up with a guy who explained life's meaning over tapas in Madrid or a tour guide in Macedonia who I later found out had a wife and kids at home? I started to wonder if my life was going to play out as one bad date after the next. The author traveled to over 20 countries the year after getting divorced. Claire Volkman After months of swiping and bumbling abroad, online dating paid off, and I matched with someone back in the US who felt different. We spent hours talking virtually. We'd text at 3 a.m. about everything from childhood trauma to which "Friends" character we compared ourselves to.He was based in Chicago, two hours away from my temporary base in Indiana. The distance didn't bother me. We were falling for each other even though we hadn't met face-to-face.I suggested a date on a day when I would be in Chicago just long enough for a coffee before catching a flight to China As I took the train from Indiana, we chatted about where to meet and agreed on a bakery.I got there first, disheveled after schlepping down Michigan Avenue with a suitcase and a backpack, and sat down. I noticed him when he walked in, and even though we only had a few minutes to talk, it felt like we'd known each other for years.Online dating paid offWe spent the following weeks texting and Facetiming whenever we could. He became a constant in my life when nothing else was. While I struggled with an eating disorder, broken body image, heartbreak, and the rather desperate life of a freelance writer, he was there to offer support and love crazy time differences and all.We met again one month later, on a chilly night in October, and it all clicked into place. He looked almost boyish, with a worn baseball cap and hoodie, and I looked at him and realized that this was it.The adventure I'd been chasing across continents, through a series of questionable decisions and awkward dates in Asia, Australia, and Iceland had somehow brought me here, to this small corner of Chicago, to this guy who made me believe that love doesn't need to be complicated and that online dating can help.So, in the end, after swiping through countless profiles on the dating app Coffee Meets Bagel, I met the love of my life. First online, then in Chicago not in a foreign country or on a remote mountaintop, but in a corner bakery.

Talk of AI agents is everywhere in Davos. AI pioneer Yoshua Bengio warned against them.Bengio said that agents with the power of AGI could lead to "catastrophic scenarios."Bengio is researching how to build non-agentic systems to keep the agents in check.Artificial intelligence pioneer Yoshua Bengio has been at the World Economic Forum in Davos this week with a message: AI agents could end badly.The topic of AI agents artificial intelligence that can act independently of human input has been one of the buzziest at this year's gathering in snowy Switzerland. The event has drawn a collection of pioneering AI researchers to debate where AI goes next, how it should be governed, and when we may see signs of machines that can reason as well as humans a milestone known as artificial general intelligence (AGI)."All of the catastrophic scenarios with AGI or superintelligence happen if we have agents," Bengio told BI in an interview. He said he believes it's possible to achieve AGI without building agentic systems."All of the AI for science and medicine, all the things people care about, is not agentic," Bengio said. "And we can continue building more powerful systems that are non-agentic."Bengio, a Canadian research scientist whose early research in deep learning and neural networks laid the foundation for the modern AI boom, is considered one of the "AI godfathers" alongside Geoffrey Hinton and Yann LeCun. Like Hinton, Bengio has warned against the potential harms of AI and called for collective action to mitigate the risks.After two years of testing AI, businesses recognize the tangible return on investment offered by AI agents, which could enter the workforce meaningfully as soon as this year. OpenAI, which doesn't have a presence at this year's Davos, this week revealed an AI agent that can surf the web for you and perform tasks such as booking restaurants or adding groceries to your basket. Google has previewed a similar tool of its own.The problem Bengio sees is that people will keep building agents no matter what, especially as competing companies and countries worry that others will get to agentic AI before them."The good news is that if we build non-agentic systems, they can be used to control agentic systems," he told BI.One way would be to build more sophisticated "monitors" that can do that, although this would require significant investment, said Bengio.He also called for national regulation that would prevent AI companies from building agentic models without first proving that the system would be safe."We could advance our science of safe and capable AI, but we need to acknowledge the risks, understand scientifically where it's coming from, and then do the technological investment to make it happen before it's too late, and we build things that can destroy us," Bengio said.'I want to raise a red flag'Before speaking with BI, Bengio spoke on a panel about AI safety with Google DeepMind CEO Demis Hassabis."I want to raise a red flag. This is the most dangerous path," Bengio told the audience when asked about AI agents. He pointed to ways AI can be used for scientific discovery, such as DeepMind's breakthrough in protein folding, as examples of how it can still be profound without being agentic. Bengio said he believes it's possible to get to AGI without giving AI agency."It's a bet, I agree," he said, "but I think it's a worthwhile bet."Hassabis agreed with Bengio that measures should be taken to mitigate risks, such as cybersecurity protections or experimenting with agents in simulations before releasing them. This would only work if everyone agreed to build them the same way, he added."Unfortunately I do think there's an economic gradient, beyond science and workers, that people want for their systems to be agentic," Hassabis said. "When you say 'recommend me a restaurant,' why would you not want the next step, which is, book the table."

The Logoff is a daily newsletter that helps you stay informed about the Trump administration without letting political news take over your life. Subscribe here.Good afternoon, and welcome to The Logoff the newsletter that gives you the Trump news you need so that you can log off and get back to the rest of your life.The Justice Department has reversed course on its work monitoring police discrimination, freezing, and potentially unwinding, some of the most significant federal efforts at police reform launched in the wake of 2020s Black Lives Matter protests. The move didnt dominate todays headlines President Donald Trumps blustery speech in Davos got more attention but its clearly an action with long-term consequences.Under the Biden administration, the Justice Departments civil rights division investigated a dozen police forces over accusations of racial bias. Many of those investigations led to consent decrees legally binding agreements mandating anti-discrimination measures. It was meaningful, if imperfect, progress on police reform.So whats Trump doing? According to memos obtained by multiple news outlets, the Trump administration is halting any ongoing investigations and reviewing settlements made with police departments in Minneapolis (where George Floyd was killed), Louisville (where Breonna Taylor was killed), and Memphis (where Tyre Nichols was killed). The department now may wish to reconsider the arrangements, which have not been finalized by a federal judge.Is this normal? To some extent, yes. New administrations routinely change course at the Justice Department, particularly in the civil rights division. But an across-the-board freeze is extreme, experts tell the Washington Post.Why does it matter? After 2020s George Floyd protests, there was a national upswell of support for racial justice in policing. But legislative efforts at police reform died in Congress, and so the Justice Departments work has so far been the most powerful federal lever.Whats next? We dont know, exactly: The investigations are frozen, not closed, and the consent decrees may yet survive. But given Trumps outspoken skepticism of police reform efforts and his calls for hardline policing tactics, the Justice Departments civil rights division is almost certain to take a radically different tack. The change in course will have ramifications for police forces nationwide and for the millions of people who live under them.And with that, its time to log off...Amid a tough week for the transition from gas-powered to electric cars, its worth remembering that technological innovation continues to fly forward. Thanks to new advances, electric cars can now run longer and go farther between charges, even when its extremely cold. Federal policy matters, but its not everything and human ingenuity cant be governed away.Youve read 1 article in the last monthHere at Vox, we're unwavering in our commitment to covering the issues that matter most to you threats to democracy, immigration, reproductive rights, the environment, and the rising polarization across this country.Our mission is to provide clear, accessible journalism that empowers you to stay informed and engaged in shaping our world. By becoming a Vox Member, you directly strengthen our ability to deliver in-depth, independent reporting that drives meaningful change.We rely on readers like you join us.Swati SharmaVox Editor-in-ChiefSee More:

The knack Robert Eggers has for exploring how our past has informed our present through his richly dense horror films is going to be studied for generations to come. The filmmaker goes through painstakingly detailed research from language to lore and period-specific costuming in order to bring his films such as The Lighthouse, The Witch, The Northman, and most recently Nosferatu to life. For one thing, we agree with Eggers that an immortal Transylvanian Lord would have such an epic stache. Fans of the filmmaker may be fretting that by signing on to The Labyrinth sequel, hell be jumping forward in time with the modern day wrap bookend from the original Jim Henson film, but that seems unlikely based on what Eggers recently told Rotten Tomatoes. The truth is, hes very glad to tell stories set in the past. The idea of having to photograph a car makes me ill. And the idea of photographing a cell phone is just death, he said in regards to his future projects, which include a werewolf film that wont take place in the modern day like the just-released Wolf Man. He continued. To make a contemporary story, you have to photograph a cell phone. Its just how life is. So, no, [I wont be making any modern-set films]. However, he added that hes willing to go slightly more contemporary than he has before (his latest-set film to date is The Lighthouse, which takes place in the 1890s). I might go potentially to 1950, but before World War Il is more inviting for my imagination, he said. And to be honest, thats a relief cause theres no one doing it like he is. But if cell phones are the deal breaker, does that mean venturing far into an apocalyptic future with a ravaged civilization might not be out of the question?Nosferatu is in theaters now and available to watch on digital with a home release slated for February 18. Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, whats next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.

Skeleton Crew didnt connect itself to the widerStar Wars universe through splashy cameos, but it carried with it plenty of connections and hints to the rest of the galaxy far, far away in a litany of offhand notes and Easter eggs. But one sneaky Easter egg is apparently even more of a deep cut than fans expected. Early on inSkeleton Crew the audience and its young heroes alike are swept to the pirate cove of Port Borgo, surrounded by a whole flotilla of fascinating-lookingStar Wars ships. But one stood out in particular: a thin, white ship briefly glimpsed as the Onyx Cinder made its way into port. Some fans pegged the design as being from a classic piece ofStar Wars concept art: Colin Cantwells early design for the pirate ship that would eventually become the Millennium Falcon. Cantwells thin, narrow design would eventually be iterated on and repurposed into the Tantive IV blockade runner, but could have seemingly made its way back intoStar Wars continuity throughSkeleton Crew, just like howAndor canonized his early Star Destroyer design as the Cantwell-class Arrestor cruiser. It turns out, however, that the ship wasntquite Cantwells. Instead, its a mashup of that design with the similar-looking Eagle Lander from the Gerry Anderson sci-fi classicSpace: 1999. Cantwells original design for the ship was actually moved away from due to a perceived similarity to the Eagle, so the mashup is quite appropriateand the Millennium Eagle was brought to life by former ILM modeler and VFX supervisor Bill George, as part of a series imagining a hypothetical show celebrating life-sized scale models of classic sci-fi ships and props. The Millennium Eagle as it appeared inSkeleton Crews second episode, above and to the right of the Onyx Cinder. Lucasfilm Ive always loved the story of how the Pirate Ship design was changed as it was felt it looked too much like the Eagle fromSpace: 1999, George recently told ColinCantwell.com, a site recently set up by friends and family of the deceased artist to celebrate his work. My original concept was to do a mash-up of the two ships. That wasnt hard at all as they do have similar proportions. George confirmed that it is his hybrid design that made it intoSkeleton Crew, after former colleagues at ILM reached out to him and asked if they could scan the model for use in the galaxy far, far away. No one ever told me who was behind the request, George added, but when I was asked, I jumped at the opportunity! I have no idea, but once a model is made, they tend to show up in other media. Im just happy it made it into the background as kind of a cameo appearance.The ship has yet to be directly identified within Star Wars universe, so time will tell if the Millennium Eagle will find a designation as cheeky as its portmanteau title, or if, like the Arrestor cruiser, itll be identified by an homage to Cantwell and George in some other way. But at least a fun little twist onStar Wars design history has made its way back into the galaxy far, far away the long way roundan idea nearly 50 years in the making. Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, whats next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.

According to a new U.K. study published in The British Journal of Psychiatry, adults diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may have shorter life spans than those without. In this first-of-its-kind study, the authors determined that both men and women saw a drop in life expectancy, and this may be due to limited access to treatments and an overall misdiagnosis of ADHD.A Shortened Life ExpectancyResearchers from the University College London (UCL) analyzed data from 30,029 adults in the U.K. with an ADHD diagnosis. They then compared that data against data collected from 300,390 study participants without an ADHD diagnosis, pairing them by age, gender, and type of medical care.The findings show that men with ADHD have about a 7-year life span reduction while women with ADHD have about 9.It is deeply concerning that some adults with diagnosed ADHD are living shorter lives than they should, said Josh Stott, a professor in the UCL Department of Psychology & Language Sciences and senior author of the study, in a press release.People with ADHD have many strengths and can thrive with the right support and treatment. However, they often lack support and are more likely to experience stressful life events and social exclusion, negatively impacting their health and self-esteem, said Stott. ADHD Misdiagnonsis and UndertreatmentAnother thing the study authors noticed was that fewer than one in nine adults had received an ADHD diagnosis, meaning that only a fraction of people with ADHD could be studied.We know from studies of traits in the community and from studies of childhood diagnosis that the rate of ADHD in our sample is just a fraction of what it should be, Stott said in a press release.On top of limited diagnosis, many of those with ADHD dont always receive the proper care they need. According to the study, ADHD is undertreated in the U.K., especially when compared to other surrounding countries.Those with ADHD have trouble focusing on certain tasks, like certain job tasks or schoolwork. People with ADHD tend to be more impulsive and restless. This can lead to them losing their job or underperforming in school, leading to other challenges down the road.Read More: How Has Neurodivergence Shaped Human History?Need for TreatmentWith limited available data, its possible that the results of this study could vary greatly, and according to the study, researchers may have overestimated the drop in life expectancy.Only a small percentage of adults with ADHD have been diagnosed, meaning this study covers just a segment of the entire community, said Liz ONions of the UCL Department of Psychology & Language Sciences, Bradford Institute for Health Research, and lead author of the study, in a press release.More of those who are diagnosed may have additional health problems compared to the average person with ADHD. Therefore, our research may overestimate the life expectancy gap for people with ADHD overall, though more community-based research is needed to test whether this is the case, ONions added in a press release.Regardless of overestimation or not, it is clear that people with ADHD are struggling. According to the study, about 8 percent of people diagnosed with ADHD had requested specific medical treatment in the last 12 months and did not receive it, compared to 1 percent of people without ADHD. This indicates that those with ADHD are seeking help but arent receiving any.The study also states that when those with ADHD receive the care and treatment they need, they are less likely to have other mental health concerns or experience substance abuse.Although many people with ADHD live long and healthy lives, our finding that, on average, they are living shorter lives than they should indicates unmet support needs. It is crucial that we find out the reasons behind premature deaths so we can develop strategies to prevent these in future, ONions concluded in a press release.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:The British Journal of Psychiatry. Life expectancy and years of life lost for adults with diagnosed ADHD in the UK: matched cohort studyA graduate of UW-Whitewater, Monica Cull wrote for several organizations, including one that focused on bees and the natural world, before coming to Discover Magazine. Her current work also appears on her travel blog and Common State Magazine. Her love of science came from watching PBS shows as a kid with her mom and spending too much time binging Doctor Who.

Get me a rewrite, reporters used to shout into a telephone when they called into a newsroom with changing information. Scientists may now want to yell the same thing but about how our existing genetic code came to be, according to a study in PNAS. That rewrite could shift our understanding of how life evolved on Earth from its simplest forms, and what it could look like on other planets.How the Genetic Code WorksThat code is both deceptively simple in appearance, but amazingly complicated in function. Its basis is four molecular letters that always pair in particular ways (code is different than sequence, which is the order all those letters are arranged). Next, three sets of those letters (called codons) work together to form one of 20 amino acids. Those, in turn, create proteins, which are essential building blocks of life.This code has created amazing diversity over millions of years. But it wasnt written all at once, likely changed over time, and may have left earlier versions behind in the developmental dust, according to the study.One of the most amazing things about the groups new look at the old code is how little many of its words changed over billions of years. That indicates that a complicated, lengthy process led to a robust code.There are things that have changed so little over 4 billion years that we can triangulate and figure out a little bit what life 4 billion years ago must have been like, says Joanna Masel, senior author of the paper and a professor at the University of Arizona. It blows my mind.Looking BackwardMasel led a team of scientists in retracing how and when new amino acid words emerged over time. They found that smaller, simpler amino acids likely came first, with larger more complex ones arriving later. They also discovered that amino acids that bind to metals joined the rulebook earlier than previously though. And, finally, they hypothesize that the existing genetic code may have arisen from other, now extinct chemical rulebooks.So, how did the team come to these conclusions?Masel, paradoxically came up with the analytical technique when she was studying how new genes emerge from random-seeming DNA. She was essentially looking forward. In doing so, she kept seeing amino acid commonalities, so she decided to see how far back they could be traced. The answer, it turns out, is billions of years.Her group analyzed amino acid sequences present in life in different time periods including a last universal common ancestor (LUCA). LUCA represents a theoretical population of organisms that lived four billion years ago and from which all subsequent life emerged.In doing so, they took a novel approach. Previous studies looked at the full set of amino acids that makes each protein. This group instead relied on shorter protein domains."If you think about the protein being a car, a domain is like a wheel," Sawsan Wehbi, a graduate student at the University of Arizona, said in a press release. "It's a part that can be used in many different cars, and wheels have been around much longer than cars."The team used statistical analysis to determine when each amino acid likely entered the genetic code. They employed the assumption that specific amino acids that show up more frequently in the oldest sequences did so because they were added to the codebook earlier, and vice versa. The team ultimately identified about 400 sequence families dating back to LUCA, with 100 or so likely emerging earlier than previously thought. Read More: Cracking the Genetic Code on Facial FeaturesChallenging AssumptionsThe authors argue that the current assumption of how the code evolved is flawed because it is partially based on misleading laboratory experiments. For example, the Urey-Miller experiment of 1952 tried to simulate the emergence of life on ancient Earth.It demonstrated that life could arise from nonliving matter, including amino acids, through chemical reactions. But those experiments didnt include sulfur, even though the element was plentiful on early Earth an omission Masel calls bizarre, because, in retrospect it seems obvious.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:Before joining Discover Magazine, Paul Smaglik spent over 20 years as a science journalist, specializing in U.S. life science policy and global scientific career issues. He began his career in newspapers, but switched to scientific magazines. His work has appeared in publications including Science News, Science, Nature, and Scientific American.

Nature, Published online: 22 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08453-2Moscot is an optimal transport approach that overcomes current limitations of similar methods to enable multimodal, scalable and consistent single-cell analyses of datasets across spatial and temporal dimensions.

Nature, Published online: 22 January 2025; doi:10.1038/s41586-024-08440-7RELM mediates a gut immuneepithelial circuit regulating tolerance to food antigens, offering targetable candidates for the prevention and treatment of food allergies.