Weekly Recap: Zero-Day Exploits, Insider Threats, APT Targeting, Botnets and More
Cybersecurity leaders aren't just dealing with attacks—they're also protecting trust, keeping systems running, and maintaining their organization's reputation. This week's developments highlight a bigger issue: as we rely more on digital tools, hidden weaknesses can quietly grow.
Just fixing problems isn't enough anymore—resilience needs to be built into everything from the ground up. That means better systems, stronger teams, and clearer visibility across the entire organization. What's showing up now isn't just risk—it's a clear signal that acting fast and making smart decisions matters more than being perfect.
Here's what surfaced—and what security teams can't afford to overlook.
Threat of the Week
Microsoft Fixes 5 Actively Exploited 0-Days — Microsoft addressed a total of 78 security flaws in its Patch Tuesday update for May 2025 last week, out of which five of them have come under active exploitation in the wild. The vulnerabilities include CVE-2025-30397, CVE-2025-30400, CVE-2025-32701, CVE-2025-32706, and CVE-2025-32709. It's currently not known in what context these defects have been exploited, who is behind them, and who was targeted in these attacks.
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Top News
Marbled Dust Exploits Output Messenger 0-Day — Microsoft revealed that a Türkiye-affiliated threat actor codenamed Marbled Dust exploited as zero-day a security flaw in an Indian enterprise communication platform called Output Messenger as part of a cyber espionage attack campaign since April 2024. The attacks, the company said, are associated with the Kurdish military operating in Iraq. The attacks exploited CVE-2025-27920, a directory traversal vulnerability affecting version 2.0.62 that allows remote attackers to access or execute arbitrary files. It was addressed in December 2024.
Konni APT Focuses on Ukraine in New Phishing Campaign — The North Korea-linked threat actor known as Konni APT has been attributed to a phishing campaign targeting government entities in Ukraine, indicating the threat actor's targeting beyond Russia amidst the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war. Proofpoint, which disclosed details of the activity, said the objective of the attacks is to collect intelligence on the "trajectory of the Russian invasion." The attack chains entail the use of phishing emails that impersonate a fictitious senior fellow at a non-existent think tank, tricking recipients into visiting credential harvesting pages or downloading malware that can conduct extensive reconnaissance of the compromised machines.
Coinbase Discloses Data Breach — Cryptocurrency giant Coinbase disclosed that unknown cyber actors broke into its systems and stole account data for a small subset of its customers. The activity bribed its customer support agents based in India to obtain a list of customers, who were then approached as part of a social engineering attack to transfer their digital assets to a wallet under the threat actor's control. The attackers also unsuccessfully attempted to extort the company for million on May 11, 2025, by claiming to have information about certain customer accounts as well as internal documents. The compromised agents have since been terminated. While no passwords, private keys, or funds were exposed, the attackers made away with some amount of personal information, including names, addresses, phone numbers, email addresses, government ID images, and account balances. Coinbase did not disclose how many of its customers fell for the scam. Besides voluntarily reimbursing retail customers who were duped into sending cryptocurrency to scammers, Coinbase is offering a million reward to anyone who can help identify and bring down the perpetrators of the cyber attack.
APT28 Behind Attacks Targeting Webmail Services — APT28, a hacking group linked to Russia's Main Intelligence Directorate, has been targeting webmail servers such as Roundcube, Horde, MDaemon, and Zimbra via cross-site scriptingvulnerabilities. The attacks, ongoing since at least 2023, targeted governmental entities and defense companies in Eastern Europe, although governments in Africa, Europe, and South America were also singled out. The victims in 2024 alone included officials from regional national governments in Ukraine, Greece, Cameroon and Serbia, military officials in Ukraine and Ecuador, and employees of defense contracting firms in Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria. The group's spear-phishing campaign used fake headlines mimicking prominent Ukrainian news outlets like the Kyiv Post about the Russia-Ukraine war, seemingly in an attempt to entice targets into opening the messages using the affected webmail clients. Those who opened the email messages using the affected webmail clients were served, via the XSS flaws, a custom JavaScript payload capable of exfiltrating contacts and email data from their mailboxes. One of the payloads could steal passwords and two-factor authentication codes, allowing the attackers to bypass account protections. The malware is also designed to harvest the email credentials, either by tricking the browser or password manager into pasting those credentials into a hidden form or getting the user to log out, whereupon they were served a bogus login page.
Earth Ammit Breaches Drone Supply Chains to Target Taiwan and South Korea — The threat actor known as Earth Ammit targeted a broader range of organizations than just Taiwanese drone manufacturers, as initially supposed. While the set of attacks was believed to be confined to drone manufacturers in Taiwan, a subsequent analysis has uncovered that the campaign is more broader and sustained in scope than previously thought, hitting the heavy industry, media, technology, software services, healthcare, satellite, and military-adjacent supply chains, and payment service providers in both South Korea and Taiwan. The attacks targeted software vendors and service providers as a way to reach their desired victims, who were the vendors' downstream customers. "Earth Ammit's strategy centered around infiltrating the upstream segment of the drone supply chain. By compromising trusted vendors, the group positioned itself to target downstream customers – demonstrating how supply chain attacks can ripple out and cause broad, global consequences," Trend Micro noted. "Earth Ammit's long-term goal is to compromise trusted networks via supply chain attacks, allowing them to target high-value entities downstream and amplify their reach."
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Trending CVEs
Attackers love software vulnerabilities—they're easy doors into your systems. Every week brings fresh flaws, and waiting too long to patch can turn a minor oversight into a major breach. Below are this week's critical vulnerabilities you need to know about. Take a look, update your software promptly, and keep attackers locked out.
This week's list includes — CVE-2025-30397, CVE-2025-30400, CVE-2025-32701, CVE-2025-32706, CVE-2025-32709, CVE-2025-42999, CVE-2024-11182, CVE-2025-4664, CVE-2025-4632, CVE-2025-32756, CVE-2025-4427, CVE-2025-4428, CVE-2025-3462, CVE-2025-3463, CVE-2025-47729, CVE-2025-31644, CVE-2025-22249, CVE-2025-27696, CVE-2025-4317, CVE-2025-23166, CVE-2025-47884, CVE-2025-47889, CVE-2025-4802, and CVE-2025-47539.
Around the Cyber World
Attackers Leverage PyInstaller to Drop Infostealers on Macs — Attackers are using PyInstaller to deploy information stealers on macOS systems. These ad-hoc signed samples bundle Python code into Mach-O executables using PyInstaller, allowing them to be run without requiring Python to be installed or meet version compatibility requirements. "As infostealers continue to become more prevalent in the macOS threat landscape, threat actors will continue the search for new ways to distribute them," Jamf said. "While the use of PyInstaller to package malware is not uncommon, this marks the first time we've observed it being used to deploy an infostealer on macOS."
Kosovo National Extradited to the U.S. for Running BlackDB.cc — A 33-year-old Kosovo national named Liridon Masurica has been extradited to the United States to face charges of running an online cybercrime marketplace active since 2018. He has been charged with five counts of fraudulent use of unauthorized access devices and one count of conspiracy to commit access device fraud. If convicted on all counts, Masurica faces a maximum penalty of 55 years in federal prison. He was taken into custody by authorities in Kosovo on December 12, 2024. Masurica is alleged to be the lead administrator of BlackDB.cc from 2018 to the present. "BlackDB.cc illegally offered for sale compromised account and server credentials, credit card information, and other personally identifiable information of individuals primarily located in the United States," the Justice Department said. "Once purchased, cybercriminals used the items purchased on BlackDB.cc to facilitate a wide range of illegal activity, including tax fraud, credit card fraud, and identity theft."
Former BreachForums Admin to Pay k in Healthcare Breach — Conor Brian Fitzpatrick, aka Pompompurin, a former administrator of the BreachForums cybercrime forum, will forfeit roughly in a civil lawsuit settlement related to Nonstop Health, a health insurance company whose customer data was posted for sale on the forum in 2023. Fitzpatrick was sentenced to time served last year, but he went on to violate the terms of his release. He is set to be resentenced next month.
Tor Announces Oniux for Kernel-Level Tor Isolation — The Tor project has announced a new command-line utility called oniux that provides Tor network isolation for third-party applications using Linux namespaces. This effectively creates a fully isolated network environment for each application, preventing data leaks even if the app is malicious or misconfigured. "Built on Arti, and onionmasq, oniux drop-ships any Linux program into its own network namespace to route it through Tor and strips away the potential for data leaks," the Tor project said. "If your work, activism, or research demands rock-solid traffic isolation, oniux delivers it."
DoJ Charges 12 More in RICO Conspiracy — The U.S. Department of Justice announced charges against 12 more people for their alleged involvement in a cyber-enabled racketeering conspiracy throughout the United States and abroad that netted them more than million. Several of these individuals are said to have been arrested in the U.S., with two others living in Dubai. They face charges related to RICO conspiracy, conspiracy to commit wire fraud, money laundering, and obstruction of justice. The defendants are also accused of stealing over million in cryptocurrency from a victim in Washington D.C. "The enterprise began no later than October 2023 and continued through March 2025," the Justice Department said. "It grew from friendships developed on online gaming platforms. Members of the enterprise held different responsibilities. The various roles included database hackers, organizers, target identifiers, callers, money launderers, and residential burglars targeting hardware virtual currency wallets." The attacks involved database hackers breaking into websites and servers to obtain cryptocurrency-related databases or acquiring databases on the dark web. The miscreants then determined the most valuable targets and cold-called them, using social engineering to convince them their accounts were the subject of cyber attacks and that they were helping them take steps to secure their accounts. The end goal of these attacks was to siphon the cryptocurrency assets, which were then laundered and converted into fiat U.S. currency in the form of bulk cash or wire transfers. The money was then used to fund a lavish lifestyle for the defendants. "Following his arrest in September 2024 and continuing while in pretrial detention, Lam is alleged to have continued working with members of the enterprise to pass and receive directions, collect stolen cryptocurrency, and have enterprise members buy luxury Hermes Birkin bags and hand-deliver them to his girlfriend in Miami, Florida," the agency said.
ENISA Launches EUVD Vulnerability Database — The European Union launched a new vulnerability database called the European Vulnerability Databaseto provide aggregated information regarding security issues affecting various products and services. "The database provides aggregated, reliable, and actionable information such as mitigation measures and exploitation status on cybersecurity vulnerabilities affecting Information and Communication Technologyproducts and services," the European Union Agency for Cybersecuritysaid. The development comes in the wake of uncertainty over MITRE's CVE program in the U.S., after which the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agencystepped in at the last minute to extend their contract with MITRE for another 11 months to keep the initiative running.
3 Information Stealers Detected in the Wild — Cybersecurity researchers have exposed the workings of three different information stealer malware families, codenamed DarkCloud Stealer, Chihuahua Stealer, and Pentagon Stealer, that are capable of extracting sensitive data from compromised hosts. While DarkCloud has been advertised in hacking forums as early as January 2023, attacks distributing the malware have primarily focused on government organizations since late January 2025. DarkCloud is distributed as AutoIt payloads via phishing emails using PDF purchase order lures that display a message claiming their Adobe Flash Player is out of date. Chihuahua Stealer, on the other hand, is a .NET-based malware that employs an obfuscated PowerShell script shared through a malicious Google Drive document. First discovered in March 2025, Pentagon Stealer makes use of Golang to realize its goals. However, a Python variant of the same stealer was detected at least a year prior when it was propagated via fake Python packages uploaded to the PyPI repository.
Kaspersky Outlines Malware Trends for Industrial Systems in Q1 2025 — Kaspersky revealed that the percentage of ICS computers on which malicious objects were blocked in Q1 2025 remained unchanged from Q4 2024 at 21.9%. "Regionally, the percentage of ICS computers on which malicious objects were blocked ranged from 10.7% in Northern Europe to 29.6% in Africa," the Russian security company said. "The biometrics sector led the ranking of the industries and OT infrastructures surveyed in this report in terms of the percentage of ICS computers on which malicious objects were blocked." The primary categories of detected malicious objects included malicious scripts and phishing pages, denylisted internet resources, and backdoors, and keyloggers.
Linux Flaws Surge by 967% in 2024 — The number of newly discovered Linux and macOS vulnerabilities increased dramatically in 2024, rising by 967% and 95% in 2024. The year was also marked by a 96% jump in exploited vulnerabilities from 101 in 2023 to 198 in 2024, and an unprecedented 37% rise in critical flaws across key enterprise applications. "The total number of software vulnerabilities grew by 61% YoY in 2024, with critical vulnerabilities rising by 37.1% – a significant expansion of the global attack surface and exposure of critical weaknesses across diverse software categories," Action1 said. "Exploits spiked 657% in browsers and 433% in Microsoft Office, with Chrome leading all products in known attacks." But in a bit of good news, there was a decrease in remote code execution vulnerabilities for Linuxand macOS.
Europol Announces Takedown of Fake Trading Platform — Law enforcement authorities have disrupted an organized crime group that's assessed to be responsible for defrauding more than 100 victims of over €3 millionthrough a fake online investment platform. The effort, a joint exercise conducted by Germany, Albania, Cyprus, and Israel, has also led to the arrest of a suspect in Cyprus. "The criminal network lured victims with the promise of high returns on investments through a fraudulent online trading platform," Europol said. "After the victims made initial smaller deposits, they were pressured to invest larger amounts of money, manipulated by fake charts showing fabricated profits. Criminals posing as brokers used psychological tactics to convince the victims to transfer substantial funds, which were never invested but directly pocketed by the group." Two other suspects were previously arrested from Latvia in September 2022 as part of the multi-year probe into the criminal network.
New "defendnot" Tool Can Disable Windows Defender — A security researcher who goes by the online alias es3n1n has released a tool called "defendnot" that can disable Windows Defender by means of a little-known API. "There's a WSCservice in Windows which is used by antiviruses to let Windows know that there's some other antivirus in the hood and it should disable Windows Defender," the researcher explained. "This WSC API is undocumented and furthermore requires people to sign an NDA with Microsoft to get its documentation."
Rogue Communication Devices Found in Some Chinese Solar Power Inverters — Reuters reported that U.S. energy officials are reassessing the risk posed by Chinese-made solar power inverters after unexplained communication equipment was found inside some of them. The rogue components are designed to provide additional, undocumented communication channels that could allow firewalls to be circumvented remotely, according to two people familiar with the matter. This could then be used to switch off inverters remotely or change their settings, enabling bad actors to destabilize power grids, damage energy infrastructure, and trigger widespread blackouts. Undocumented communication devices, including cellular radios, have also been found in some batteries from multiple Chinese suppliers, the report added.
Israel Arrest Suspect Behind 2022 Nomad Bridge Crypto Hack — Israeli authorities have arrested and approved the extradition of a Russian-Israeli dual national Alexander Gurevich over his alleged involvement in the Nomad Bridge hack in August 2022 that allowed hackers to steal million. Gurevich is said to have conspired with others to execute an exploit for the bridge's Replica smart contract and launder the resulting proceeds through a sophisticated, multi-layered operation involving privacy coins, mixers, and offshore financial entities. "Gurevich played a central role in laundering a portion of the stolen funds. Blockchain analysis shows that wallets linked to Gurevich received stolen assets within hours of the bridge breach and began fragmenting the funds across multiple blockchains," TRM Labs said. "He then employed a classic mixer stack: moving assets through Tornado Cash on Ethereum, then converting ETH to privacy coins such as Moneroand Dash."
Using V8 Browser Exploits to Bypass WDAC — Researchers have uncovered a sophisticated technique that leverages vulnerable versions of the V8 JavaScript engine to bypass Windows Defender Application Control. "The attack scenario is a familiar one: bring along a vulnerable but trusted binary, and abuse the fact that it is trusted to gain a foothold on the system," IBM X-Force said. "In this case, we use a trusted Electron application with a vulnerable version of V8, replacing main.js with a V8 exploit that executes stage 2 as the payload, and voila, we have native shellcode execution. If the exploited application is whitelisted/signed by a trusted entityand would normally be allowed to run under the employed WDAC policy, it can be used as a vessel for the malicious payload." The technique builds upon previous findings that make it possible to sidestep WDAC policies by backdooring trusted Electron applications. Last month, CerberSec detailed another method that employs WinDbg Preview to get around WDAC policies.
Cybersecurity WebinarsDevSecOps Is Broken — This Fix Connects Code to Cloud to SOC
Modern applications don't live in one place—they span code, cloud, and runtime. Yet security is still siloed. This webinar shows why securing just the code isn't enough. You'll learn how unifying AppSec, cloud, and SOC teams can close critical gaps, reduce response times, and stop attacks before they spread. If you're still treating dev, infra, and operations as separate problems, it's time to rethink.
Cybersecurity Tools
Qtap → It is a lightweight eBPF tool for Linux that shows what data is being sent and received—before or after encryption—without changing your apps or adding proxies. It runs with minimal overhead and captures full context like process, user, and container info. Useful for auditing, debugging, or analyzing app behavior when source code isn't available.
Checkov → It is a fast, open-source tool that scans infrastructure-as-code and container packages for misconfigurations, exposed secrets, and known vulnerabilities. It supports Terraform, Kubernetes, Docker, and more—using built-in security policies and Sigma-style rules to catch issues early in the development process.
TrailAlerts → It is a lightweight, serverless AWS-native tool that gives you full control over CloudTrail detections using Sigma rules—without needing a SIEM. It's ideal for teams who want to write, version, and manage their own alert logic as code, but find CloudWatch rules too limited or complex. Built entirely on AWS services like Lambda, S3, and DynamoDB, TrailAlerts lets you detect suspicious activity, correlate events, and send alerts through SNS or SES—without managing infrastructure or paying for unused capacity.
Tip of the Week
Catch Hidden Threats in Files Users Trust Too Much → Hackers are using a quiet but dangerous trick: hiding malicious code inside files that look safe — like desktop shortcuts, installer files, or web links. These aren't classic malware files. Instead, they run trusted apps like PowerShell or curl in the background, using basic user actionsto silently infect systems. These attacks often go undetected because the files seem harmless, and no exploits are used — just misuse of normal features.
To detect this, focus on behavior. For example, .desktop files in Linux that run hidden shell commands, .lnk files in Windows launching PowerShell or remote scripts, or macOS .app files silently calling terminal tools. These aren't rare anymore — attackers know defenders often ignore these paths. They're especially dangerous because they don't need admin rights and are easy to hide in shared folders or phishing links.
You can spot these threats using free tools and simple rules. On Windows, use Sysmon and Sigma rules to alert on .lnk files starting PowerShell or suspicious child processes from explorer.exe. On Linux or macOS, use grep or find to scan .desktop and .plist files for odd execution patterns. To test your defenses, simulate these attack paths using MITRE CALDERA — it's free and lets you safely model real-world attacker behavior. Focusing on these overlooked execution paths can close a major gap attackers rely on every day.
Conclusion
The headlines may be over, but the work isn't. Whether it's rechecking assumptions, prioritizing patches, or updating your response playbooks, the right next step is rarely dramatic—but always decisive. Choose one, and move with intent.
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#weekly #recap #zeroday #exploits #insider⚡ Weekly Recap: Zero-Day Exploits, Insider Threats, APT Targeting, Botnets and More
Cybersecurity leaders aren't just dealing with attacks—they're also protecting trust, keeping systems running, and maintaining their organization's reputation. This week's developments highlight a bigger issue: as we rely more on digital tools, hidden weaknesses can quietly grow.
Just fixing problems isn't enough anymore—resilience needs to be built into everything from the ground up. That means better systems, stronger teams, and clearer visibility across the entire organization. What's showing up now isn't just risk—it's a clear signal that acting fast and making smart decisions matters more than being perfect.
Here's what surfaced—and what security teams can't afford to overlook.
⚡ Threat of the Week
Microsoft Fixes 5 Actively Exploited 0-Days — Microsoft addressed a total of 78 security flaws in its Patch Tuesday update for May 2025 last week, out of which five of them have come under active exploitation in the wild. The vulnerabilities include CVE-2025-30397, CVE-2025-30400, CVE-2025-32701, CVE-2025-32706, and CVE-2025-32709. It's currently not known in what context these defects have been exploited, who is behind them, and who was targeted in these attacks.
Download the Report ➝
🔔 Top News
Marbled Dust Exploits Output Messenger 0-Day — Microsoft revealed that a Türkiye-affiliated threat actor codenamed Marbled Dust exploited as zero-day a security flaw in an Indian enterprise communication platform called Output Messenger as part of a cyber espionage attack campaign since April 2024. The attacks, the company said, are associated with the Kurdish military operating in Iraq. The attacks exploited CVE-2025-27920, a directory traversal vulnerability affecting version 2.0.62 that allows remote attackers to access or execute arbitrary files. It was addressed in December 2024.
Konni APT Focuses on Ukraine in New Phishing Campaign — The North Korea-linked threat actor known as Konni APT has been attributed to a phishing campaign targeting government entities in Ukraine, indicating the threat actor's targeting beyond Russia amidst the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war. Proofpoint, which disclosed details of the activity, said the objective of the attacks is to collect intelligence on the "trajectory of the Russian invasion." The attack chains entail the use of phishing emails that impersonate a fictitious senior fellow at a non-existent think tank, tricking recipients into visiting credential harvesting pages or downloading malware that can conduct extensive reconnaissance of the compromised machines.
Coinbase Discloses Data Breach — Cryptocurrency giant Coinbase disclosed that unknown cyber actors broke into its systems and stole account data for a small subset of its customers. The activity bribed its customer support agents based in India to obtain a list of customers, who were then approached as part of a social engineering attack to transfer their digital assets to a wallet under the threat actor's control. The attackers also unsuccessfully attempted to extort the company for million on May 11, 2025, by claiming to have information about certain customer accounts as well as internal documents. The compromised agents have since been terminated. While no passwords, private keys, or funds were exposed, the attackers made away with some amount of personal information, including names, addresses, phone numbers, email addresses, government ID images, and account balances. Coinbase did not disclose how many of its customers fell for the scam. Besides voluntarily reimbursing retail customers who were duped into sending cryptocurrency to scammers, Coinbase is offering a million reward to anyone who can help identify and bring down the perpetrators of the cyber attack.
APT28 Behind Attacks Targeting Webmail Services — APT28, a hacking group linked to Russia's Main Intelligence Directorate, has been targeting webmail servers such as Roundcube, Horde, MDaemon, and Zimbra via cross-site scriptingvulnerabilities. The attacks, ongoing since at least 2023, targeted governmental entities and defense companies in Eastern Europe, although governments in Africa, Europe, and South America were also singled out. The victims in 2024 alone included officials from regional national governments in Ukraine, Greece, Cameroon and Serbia, military officials in Ukraine and Ecuador, and employees of defense contracting firms in Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria. The group's spear-phishing campaign used fake headlines mimicking prominent Ukrainian news outlets like the Kyiv Post about the Russia-Ukraine war, seemingly in an attempt to entice targets into opening the messages using the affected webmail clients. Those who opened the email messages using the affected webmail clients were served, via the XSS flaws, a custom JavaScript payload capable of exfiltrating contacts and email data from their mailboxes. One of the payloads could steal passwords and two-factor authentication codes, allowing the attackers to bypass account protections. The malware is also designed to harvest the email credentials, either by tricking the browser or password manager into pasting those credentials into a hidden form or getting the user to log out, whereupon they were served a bogus login page.
Earth Ammit Breaches Drone Supply Chains to Target Taiwan and South Korea — The threat actor known as Earth Ammit targeted a broader range of organizations than just Taiwanese drone manufacturers, as initially supposed. While the set of attacks was believed to be confined to drone manufacturers in Taiwan, a subsequent analysis has uncovered that the campaign is more broader and sustained in scope than previously thought, hitting the heavy industry, media, technology, software services, healthcare, satellite, and military-adjacent supply chains, and payment service providers in both South Korea and Taiwan. The attacks targeted software vendors and service providers as a way to reach their desired victims, who were the vendors' downstream customers. "Earth Ammit's strategy centered around infiltrating the upstream segment of the drone supply chain. By compromising trusted vendors, the group positioned itself to target downstream customers – demonstrating how supply chain attacks can ripple out and cause broad, global consequences," Trend Micro noted. "Earth Ammit's long-term goal is to compromise trusted networks via supply chain attacks, allowing them to target high-value entities downstream and amplify their reach."
️🔥 Trending CVEs
Attackers love software vulnerabilities—they're easy doors into your systems. Every week brings fresh flaws, and waiting too long to patch can turn a minor oversight into a major breach. Below are this week's critical vulnerabilities you need to know about. Take a look, update your software promptly, and keep attackers locked out.
This week's list includes — CVE-2025-30397, CVE-2025-30400, CVE-2025-32701, CVE-2025-32706, CVE-2025-32709, CVE-2025-42999, CVE-2024-11182, CVE-2025-4664, CVE-2025-4632, CVE-2025-32756, CVE-2025-4427, CVE-2025-4428, CVE-2025-3462, CVE-2025-3463, CVE-2025-47729, CVE-2025-31644, CVE-2025-22249, CVE-2025-27696, CVE-2025-4317, CVE-2025-23166, CVE-2025-47884, CVE-2025-47889, CVE-2025-4802, and CVE-2025-47539.
📰 Around the Cyber World
Attackers Leverage PyInstaller to Drop Infostealers on Macs — Attackers are using PyInstaller to deploy information stealers on macOS systems. These ad-hoc signed samples bundle Python code into Mach-O executables using PyInstaller, allowing them to be run without requiring Python to be installed or meet version compatibility requirements. "As infostealers continue to become more prevalent in the macOS threat landscape, threat actors will continue the search for new ways to distribute them," Jamf said. "While the use of PyInstaller to package malware is not uncommon, this marks the first time we've observed it being used to deploy an infostealer on macOS."
Kosovo National Extradited to the U.S. for Running BlackDB.cc — A 33-year-old Kosovo national named Liridon Masurica has been extradited to the United States to face charges of running an online cybercrime marketplace active since 2018. He has been charged with five counts of fraudulent use of unauthorized access devices and one count of conspiracy to commit access device fraud. If convicted on all counts, Masurica faces a maximum penalty of 55 years in federal prison. He was taken into custody by authorities in Kosovo on December 12, 2024. Masurica is alleged to be the lead administrator of BlackDB.cc from 2018 to the present. "BlackDB.cc illegally offered for sale compromised account and server credentials, credit card information, and other personally identifiable information of individuals primarily located in the United States," the Justice Department said. "Once purchased, cybercriminals used the items purchased on BlackDB.cc to facilitate a wide range of illegal activity, including tax fraud, credit card fraud, and identity theft."
Former BreachForums Admin to Pay k in Healthcare Breach — Conor Brian Fitzpatrick, aka Pompompurin, a former administrator of the BreachForums cybercrime forum, will forfeit roughly in a civil lawsuit settlement related to Nonstop Health, a health insurance company whose customer data was posted for sale on the forum in 2023. Fitzpatrick was sentenced to time served last year, but he went on to violate the terms of his release. He is set to be resentenced next month.
Tor Announces Oniux for Kernel-Level Tor Isolation — The Tor project has announced a new command-line utility called oniux that provides Tor network isolation for third-party applications using Linux namespaces. This effectively creates a fully isolated network environment for each application, preventing data leaks even if the app is malicious or misconfigured. "Built on Arti, and onionmasq, oniux drop-ships any Linux program into its own network namespace to route it through Tor and strips away the potential for data leaks," the Tor project said. "If your work, activism, or research demands rock-solid traffic isolation, oniux delivers it."
DoJ Charges 12 More in RICO Conspiracy — The U.S. Department of Justice announced charges against 12 more people for their alleged involvement in a cyber-enabled racketeering conspiracy throughout the United States and abroad that netted them more than million. Several of these individuals are said to have been arrested in the U.S., with two others living in Dubai. They face charges related to RICO conspiracy, conspiracy to commit wire fraud, money laundering, and obstruction of justice. The defendants are also accused of stealing over million in cryptocurrency from a victim in Washington D.C. "The enterprise began no later than October 2023 and continued through March 2025," the Justice Department said. "It grew from friendships developed on online gaming platforms. Members of the enterprise held different responsibilities. The various roles included database hackers, organizers, target identifiers, callers, money launderers, and residential burglars targeting hardware virtual currency wallets." The attacks involved database hackers breaking into websites and servers to obtain cryptocurrency-related databases or acquiring databases on the dark web. The miscreants then determined the most valuable targets and cold-called them, using social engineering to convince them their accounts were the subject of cyber attacks and that they were helping them take steps to secure their accounts. The end goal of these attacks was to siphon the cryptocurrency assets, which were then laundered and converted into fiat U.S. currency in the form of bulk cash or wire transfers. The money was then used to fund a lavish lifestyle for the defendants. "Following his arrest in September 2024 and continuing while in pretrial detention, Lam is alleged to have continued working with members of the enterprise to pass and receive directions, collect stolen cryptocurrency, and have enterprise members buy luxury Hermes Birkin bags and hand-deliver them to his girlfriend in Miami, Florida," the agency said.
ENISA Launches EUVD Vulnerability Database — The European Union launched a new vulnerability database called the European Vulnerability Databaseto provide aggregated information regarding security issues affecting various products and services. "The database provides aggregated, reliable, and actionable information such as mitigation measures and exploitation status on cybersecurity vulnerabilities affecting Information and Communication Technologyproducts and services," the European Union Agency for Cybersecuritysaid. The development comes in the wake of uncertainty over MITRE's CVE program in the U.S., after which the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agencystepped in at the last minute to extend their contract with MITRE for another 11 months to keep the initiative running.
3 Information Stealers Detected in the Wild — Cybersecurity researchers have exposed the workings of three different information stealer malware families, codenamed DarkCloud Stealer, Chihuahua Stealer, and Pentagon Stealer, that are capable of extracting sensitive data from compromised hosts. While DarkCloud has been advertised in hacking forums as early as January 2023, attacks distributing the malware have primarily focused on government organizations since late January 2025. DarkCloud is distributed as AutoIt payloads via phishing emails using PDF purchase order lures that display a message claiming their Adobe Flash Player is out of date. Chihuahua Stealer, on the other hand, is a .NET-based malware that employs an obfuscated PowerShell script shared through a malicious Google Drive document. First discovered in March 2025, Pentagon Stealer makes use of Golang to realize its goals. However, a Python variant of the same stealer was detected at least a year prior when it was propagated via fake Python packages uploaded to the PyPI repository.
Kaspersky Outlines Malware Trends for Industrial Systems in Q1 2025 — Kaspersky revealed that the percentage of ICS computers on which malicious objects were blocked in Q1 2025 remained unchanged from Q4 2024 at 21.9%. "Regionally, the percentage of ICS computers on which malicious objects were blocked ranged from 10.7% in Northern Europe to 29.6% in Africa," the Russian security company said. "The biometrics sector led the ranking of the industries and OT infrastructures surveyed in this report in terms of the percentage of ICS computers on which malicious objects were blocked." The primary categories of detected malicious objects included malicious scripts and phishing pages, denylisted internet resources, and backdoors, and keyloggers.
Linux Flaws Surge by 967% in 2024 — The number of newly discovered Linux and macOS vulnerabilities increased dramatically in 2024, rising by 967% and 95% in 2024. The year was also marked by a 96% jump in exploited vulnerabilities from 101 in 2023 to 198 in 2024, and an unprecedented 37% rise in critical flaws across key enterprise applications. "The total number of software vulnerabilities grew by 61% YoY in 2024, with critical vulnerabilities rising by 37.1% – a significant expansion of the global attack surface and exposure of critical weaknesses across diverse software categories," Action1 said. "Exploits spiked 657% in browsers and 433% in Microsoft Office, with Chrome leading all products in known attacks." But in a bit of good news, there was a decrease in remote code execution vulnerabilities for Linuxand macOS.
Europol Announces Takedown of Fake Trading Platform — Law enforcement authorities have disrupted an organized crime group that's assessed to be responsible for defrauding more than 100 victims of over €3 millionthrough a fake online investment platform. The effort, a joint exercise conducted by Germany, Albania, Cyprus, and Israel, has also led to the arrest of a suspect in Cyprus. "The criminal network lured victims with the promise of high returns on investments through a fraudulent online trading platform," Europol said. "After the victims made initial smaller deposits, they were pressured to invest larger amounts of money, manipulated by fake charts showing fabricated profits. Criminals posing as brokers used psychological tactics to convince the victims to transfer substantial funds, which were never invested but directly pocketed by the group." Two other suspects were previously arrested from Latvia in September 2022 as part of the multi-year probe into the criminal network.
New "defendnot" Tool Can Disable Windows Defender — A security researcher who goes by the online alias es3n1n has released a tool called "defendnot" that can disable Windows Defender by means of a little-known API. "There's a WSCservice in Windows which is used by antiviruses to let Windows know that there's some other antivirus in the hood and it should disable Windows Defender," the researcher explained. "This WSC API is undocumented and furthermore requires people to sign an NDA with Microsoft to get its documentation."
Rogue Communication Devices Found in Some Chinese Solar Power Inverters — Reuters reported that U.S. energy officials are reassessing the risk posed by Chinese-made solar power inverters after unexplained communication equipment was found inside some of them. The rogue components are designed to provide additional, undocumented communication channels that could allow firewalls to be circumvented remotely, according to two people familiar with the matter. This could then be used to switch off inverters remotely or change their settings, enabling bad actors to destabilize power grids, damage energy infrastructure, and trigger widespread blackouts. Undocumented communication devices, including cellular radios, have also been found in some batteries from multiple Chinese suppliers, the report added.
Israel Arrest Suspect Behind 2022 Nomad Bridge Crypto Hack — Israeli authorities have arrested and approved the extradition of a Russian-Israeli dual national Alexander Gurevich over his alleged involvement in the Nomad Bridge hack in August 2022 that allowed hackers to steal million. Gurevich is said to have conspired with others to execute an exploit for the bridge's Replica smart contract and launder the resulting proceeds through a sophisticated, multi-layered operation involving privacy coins, mixers, and offshore financial entities. "Gurevich played a central role in laundering a portion of the stolen funds. Blockchain analysis shows that wallets linked to Gurevich received stolen assets within hours of the bridge breach and began fragmenting the funds across multiple blockchains," TRM Labs said. "He then employed a classic mixer stack: moving assets through Tornado Cash on Ethereum, then converting ETH to privacy coins such as Moneroand Dash."
Using V8 Browser Exploits to Bypass WDAC — Researchers have uncovered a sophisticated technique that leverages vulnerable versions of the V8 JavaScript engine to bypass Windows Defender Application Control. "The attack scenario is a familiar one: bring along a vulnerable but trusted binary, and abuse the fact that it is trusted to gain a foothold on the system," IBM X-Force said. "In this case, we use a trusted Electron application with a vulnerable version of V8, replacing main.js with a V8 exploit that executes stage 2 as the payload, and voila, we have native shellcode execution. If the exploited application is whitelisted/signed by a trusted entityand would normally be allowed to run under the employed WDAC policy, it can be used as a vessel for the malicious payload." The technique builds upon previous findings that make it possible to sidestep WDAC policies by backdooring trusted Electron applications. Last month, CerberSec detailed another method that employs WinDbg Preview to get around WDAC policies.
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Qtap → It is a lightweight eBPF tool for Linux that shows what data is being sent and received—before or after encryption—without changing your apps or adding proxies. It runs with minimal overhead and captures full context like process, user, and container info. Useful for auditing, debugging, or analyzing app behavior when source code isn't available.
Checkov → It is a fast, open-source tool that scans infrastructure-as-code and container packages for misconfigurations, exposed secrets, and known vulnerabilities. It supports Terraform, Kubernetes, Docker, and more—using built-in security policies and Sigma-style rules to catch issues early in the development process.
TrailAlerts → It is a lightweight, serverless AWS-native tool that gives you full control over CloudTrail detections using Sigma rules—without needing a SIEM. It's ideal for teams who want to write, version, and manage their own alert logic as code, but find CloudWatch rules too limited or complex. Built entirely on AWS services like Lambda, S3, and DynamoDB, TrailAlerts lets you detect suspicious activity, correlate events, and send alerts through SNS or SES—without managing infrastructure or paying for unused capacity.
🔒 Tip of the Week
Catch Hidden Threats in Files Users Trust Too Much → Hackers are using a quiet but dangerous trick: hiding malicious code inside files that look safe — like desktop shortcuts, installer files, or web links. These aren't classic malware files. Instead, they run trusted apps like PowerShell or curl in the background, using basic user actionsto silently infect systems. These attacks often go undetected because the files seem harmless, and no exploits are used — just misuse of normal features.
To detect this, focus on behavior. For example, .desktop files in Linux that run hidden shell commands, .lnk files in Windows launching PowerShell or remote scripts, or macOS .app files silently calling terminal tools. These aren't rare anymore — attackers know defenders often ignore these paths. They're especially dangerous because they don't need admin rights and are easy to hide in shared folders or phishing links.
You can spot these threats using free tools and simple rules. On Windows, use Sysmon and Sigma rules to alert on .lnk files starting PowerShell or suspicious child processes from explorer.exe. On Linux or macOS, use grep or find to scan .desktop and .plist files for odd execution patterns. To test your defenses, simulate these attack paths using MITRE CALDERA — it's free and lets you safely model real-world attacker behavior. Focusing on these overlooked execution paths can close a major gap attackers rely on every day.
Conclusion
The headlines may be over, but the work isn't. Whether it's rechecking assumptions, prioritizing patches, or updating your response playbooks, the right next step is rarely dramatic—but always decisive. Choose one, and move with intent.
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