I grew up in urban areas where seeing birds “in the wild” are a rarity. That’s why I’m always amazed when I travel and I see different species just flying and hanging around window sills, the park, picnic tables, and some even perch on people. But urban areas are dangerous places for birds as they are filled with hazards for them like tall buildings, glass windows, and artificial structures. People who live in areas like this will probably see injured birds every once in a while but we don’t really know how to treat them on our own. What if giving first aid to these injured birds is as easy as treating mild human injuries? BirdAid is an innovative, biodegradable splint designed to provide immediate first aid to injured wild birds, particularly in urban environments. The project emphasizes sustainability and compassionate care for wildlife. It is made from natural materials including eggshell calcium, agar, and potato starch. The materials, specifically the eggshells, were chosen since they provide natural calcium for bone recovery while the rest are to control the decomposition rate. Designers: Zay Kim, Chaewon Lee, and Jungmin Park They developed three splint variants with different decomposition rates to help users identify the severity of the injury and which to apply to that wound. Each material has a different color, including gardenia (yellow), basil (green), and beetroot (red), and this intuitive system helps non-experts still render first aid when needed. Using it is pretty easy as you just have to take the pack from the kit and then crush it. Then you just gently wrap it around the bird’s wound and wait for it to do its work. If you’re still confused about what to do, you just need to scan the QR code on the kit and read and follow the instructions indicated. The QR code links to a simple, step-by-step guide—complete with visuals—to help anyone, regardless of medical or veterinary background, confidently provide first aid to an injured bird. This ensures that even in stressful or unfamiliar situations, users can take quick and effective action without hesitation. BirdAid represents a small yet significant gesture towards integrating compassionate care into daily urban life. It bridges the gap between professional wildlife rescue and ordinary citizens, empowering people to make a difference in moments that truly matter. By enabling city dwellers to aid injured birds using a tool that is both intuitive and environmentally friendly, BirdAid not only supports animal welfare but also fosters a deeper sense of empathy, responsibility, and connection to the natural world within bustling city environments. The post BirdAid concept brings biodegradable splint for injured urban birds first appeared on Yanko Design.

Human organs could be bioprinted for transplants within 10 years, according to Lithuanian startup Vital3D. But before reaching human hearts and kidneys, the company is starting with something simpler: regenerating dog skin. Based in Vilnius, Vital3D is already bioprinting functional tissue constructs. Using a proprietary laser system, the startup deposits living cells and biomaterials in precise 3D patterns. The structures mimic natural biological systems — and could one day form entire organs tailored to a patient’s unique anatomy. That mission is both professional and personal for CEO Vidmantas Šakalys. After losing a mentor to urinary cancer, he set out to develop 3D-printed kidneys that could save others from the same fate. But before reaching that goal, the company needs a commercial product to fund the long road ahead. That product is VitalHeal — the first-ever bioprinted wound patch for pets. Dogs are the initial target, with human applications slated to follow. Šakalys calls the patch “a first step” towards bioprinted kidneys. “Printing organs for transplantation is a really challenging task,” he tells TNW after a tour of his lab. “It’s 10 or 15 years away from now, and as a commercial entity, we need to have commercially available products earlier. So we start with simpler products and then move into more difficult ones.” Register Now The path may be simpler, but the technology is anything but. Bioprinting goes to the vet VitalHeal is embedded with growth factors that accelerate skin regeneration. Across the patch’s surface, tiny pores about one-fifth the width of a human hair enable air circulation while blocking bacteria. Once applied, VitalHeal seals the wound and maintains constant pressure while the growth factors get to work. According to Vital3D, the patch can reduce healing time from 10–12 weeks to just four to six. Infection risk can drop from 30% to under 10%, vet visits from eight to two or three, and surgery times by half. Current treatments, the startup argues, can be costly, ineffective, and distressing for animals. VitalHeal is designed to provide a safer, faster, and cheaper alternative. Vital3D says the market is big — and the data backs up the claim. Vital3D’s FemtoBrush system promises high-speed and high-precision bioprinting. Credit: Vital3D Commercial prospects The global animal wound care market is projected to grow from $1.4bn (€1.24bn) in 2024 to $2.1bn (€1.87bn) by 2030, fuelled by rising pet ownership and demand for advanced veterinary care. Vital3D forecasts an initial serviceable addressable market (ISAM) of €76.5mn across the EU and US. By 2027-2028, the company aims to sell 100,000 units. Dogs are a logical starting point. Their size, activity levels, and surgeries raise their risk of wounds. Around half of dogs over age 10 are also affected by cancer, further increasing demand for effective wound care. At €300 retail (or €150 wholesale), the patches won’t be cheap. But Vital3D claims they could slash treatment costs for pet owners from €3,000 to €1,500. Production at scale is expected to bring prices down further.  After strong results in rats, trials on dogs will begin this summer in clinics in Lithuania and the UK — Vital3D’s pilot markets. If all goes to plan, a non-degradable patch will launch in Europe next year. The company will then progress to a biodegradable version. From there, the company plans to adapt the tech for humans. The initial focus will be wound care for people with diabetes, 25% of whom suffer from impaired healing. Future versions could support burn victims, injured soldiers, and others in need of advanced skin restoration. Freshly printed fluids in a bio-ink droplet. Credit: Vital3D Vital3D is also exploring other medical frontiers. In partnership with Lithuania’s National Cancer Institute, the startup is building organoids — mini versions of organs — for cancer drug testing. Another project involves bioprinted stents, which are showing promise in early animal trials. But all these efforts serve a bigger mission. “Our final target is to move to organ printing for transplants,” says Šakalys. Bioprinting organs A computer engineer by training, Šakalys has worked with photonic innovations for over 10 years.  At his previous startup, Femtika, he harnessed lasers to produce tiny components for microelectronics, medical devices, and aerospace engineering. He realised they could also enable precise bioprinting.  In 2021, he co-founded Vital3D to advance the concept. The company’s printing system directs light towards a photosensitive bio-ink. The material is hardened and formed into a structure, with living cells and biomaterials moulded into intricate 3D patterns. The shape of the laser beam can be adjusted to replicate complex biological forms — potentially even entire organs. But there are still major scientific hurdles to overcome. One is vascularisation, the formation of blood vessels in intricate networks. Another is the diverse variety of cell types in many organs. Replicating these sophisticated natural structures will be challenging. “First of all, we want to solve the vasculature. Then we will go into the differentiation of cells,” Šakalys says. “Our target is to see if we can print from fewer cells, but try to differentiate them while printing into different types of cells.”  If successful, Vital3D could help ease the global shortage of transplantable organs. Fewer than 10% of patients who need a transplant receive one each year, according to the World Health Organisation. In the US alone, around 90,000 people are waiting for a kidney — a shortfall that’s fuelling a thriving black market. Šakalys believes that could be just the start. He envisions bioprinting not just creating organs, but also advancing a new era of personalised medicine. “It can bring a lot of benefits to society,” he says. “Not just bioprinting for transplants, but also tissue engineering as well.” Want to discover the next big thing in tech? Then take a trip to TNW Conference, where thousands of founders, investors, and corporate innovators will share their ideas. The event takes place on June 19–20 in Amsterdam and tickets are on sale now. Use the code TNWXMEDIA2025 at the checkout to get 30% off. Story by Thomas Macaulay Managing editor Thomas is the managing editor of TNW. He leads our coverage of European tech and oversees our talented team of writers. Away from work, he e (show all) Thomas is the managing editor of TNW. He leads our coverage of European tech and oversees our talented team of writers. Away from work, he enjoys playing chess (badly) and the guitar (even worse). Get the TNW newsletter Get the most important tech news in your inbox each week. Also tagged with

Human organs could be bioprinted for transplants within 10 years, according to Lithuanian startup Vital3D. But before reaching human hearts and kidneys, the company is starting with something simpler: regenerating dog skin. Based in Vilnius, Vital3D is already bioprinting functional tissue constructs. Using a proprietary laser system, the startup deposits living cells and biomaterials in precise 3D patterns. The structures mimic natural biological systems — and could one day form entire organs tailored to a patient’s unique anatomy. That mission is both professional and personal for CEO Vidmantas Šakalys. After losing a mentor to urinary cancer, he set out to develop 3D-printed kidneys that could save others from the same fate. But before reaching that goal, the company needs a commercial product to fund the long road ahead. That product is VitalHeal — the first-ever bioprinted wound patch for pets. Dogs are the initial target, with human applications slated to follow. Šakalys calls the patch “a first step” towards bioprinted kidneys. “Printing organs for transplantation is a really challenging task,” he tells TNW after a tour of his lab. “It’s 10 or 15 years away from now, and as a commercial entity, we need to have commercially available products earlier. So we start with simpler products and then move into more difficult ones.” Register Now The path may be simpler, but the technology is anything but. Bioprinting goes to the vet VitalHeal is embedded with growth factors that accelerate skin regeneration. Across the patch’s surface, tiny pores about one-fifth the width of a human hair enable air circulation while blocking bacteria. Once applied, VitalHeal seals the wound and maintains constant pressure while the growth factors get to work. According to Vital3D, the patch can reduce healing time from 10–12 weeks to just four to six. Infection risk can drop from 30% to under 10%, vet visits from eight to two or three, and surgery times by half. Current treatments, the startup argues, can be costly, ineffective, and distressing for animals. VitalHeal is designed to provide a safer, faster, and cheaper alternative. Vital3D says the market is big — and the data backs up the claim. Vital3D’s FemtoBrush system promises high-speed and high-precision bioprinting. Credit: Vital3D Commercial prospects The global animal wound care market is projected to grow from $1.4bn (€1.24bn) in 2024 to $2.1bn (€1.87bn) by 2030, fuelled by rising pet ownership and demand for advanced veterinary care. Vital3D forecasts an initial serviceable addressable market (ISAM) of €76.5mn across the EU and US. By 2027-2028, the company aims to sell 100,000 units. Dogs are a logical starting point. Their size, activity levels, and surgeries raise their risk of wounds. Around half of dogs over age 10 are also affected by cancer, further increasing demand for effective wound care. At €300 retail (or €150 wholesale), the patches won’t be cheap. But Vital3D claims they could slash treatment costs for pet owners from €3,000 to €1,500. Production at scale is expected to bring prices down further.  After strong results in rats, trials on dogs will begin this summer in clinics in Lithuania and the UK — Vital3D’s pilot markets. If all goes to plan, a non-degradable patch will launch in Europe next year. The company will then progress to a biodegradable version. From there, the company plans to adapt the tech for humans. The initial focus will be wound care for people with diabetes, 25% of whom suffer from impaired healing. Future versions could support burn victims, injured soldiers, and others in need of advanced skin restoration. Freshly printed fluids in a bio-ink droplet. Credit: Vital3D Vital3D is also exploring other medical frontiers. In partnership with Lithuania’s National Cancer Institute, the startup is building organoids — mini versions of organs — for cancer drug testing. Another project involves bioprinted stents, which are showing promise in early animal trials. But all these efforts serve a bigger mission. “Our final target is to move to organ printing for transplants,” says Šakalys. Bioprinting organs A computer engineer by training, Šakalys has worked with photonic innovations for over 10 years.  At his previous startup, Femtika, he harnessed lasers to produce tiny components for microelectronics, medical devices, and aerospace engineering. He realised they could also enable precise bioprinting.  In 2021, he co-founded Vital3D to advance the concept. The company’s printing system directs light towards a photosensitive bio-ink. The material is hardened and formed into a structure, with living cells and biomaterials moulded into intricate 3D patterns. The shape of the laser beam can be adjusted to replicate complex biological forms — potentially even entire organs. But there are still major scientific hurdles to overcome. One is vascularisation, the formation of blood vessels in intricate networks. Another is the diverse variety of cell types in many organs. Replicating these sophisticated natural structures will be challenging. “First of all, we want to solve the vasculature. Then we will go into the differentiation of cells,” Šakalys says. “Our target is to see if we can print from fewer cells, but try to differentiate them while printing into different types of cells.”  If successful, Vital3D could help ease the global shortage of transplantable organs. Fewer than 10% of patients who need a transplant receive one each year, according to the World Health Organisation. In the US alone, around 90,000 people are waiting for a kidney — a shortfall that’s fuelling a thriving black market. Šakalys believes that could be just the start. He envisions bioprinting not just creating organs, but also advancing a new era of personalised medicine. “It can bring a lot of benefits to society,” he says. “Not just bioprinting for transplants, but also tissue engineering as well.” Want to discover the next big thing in tech? Then take a trip to TNW Conference, where thousands of founders, investors, and corporate innovators will share their ideas. The event takes place on June 19–20 in Amsterdam and tickets are on sale now. Use the code TNWXMEDIA2025 at the checkout to get 30% off. Story by Thomas Macaulay Managing editor Thomas is the managing editor of TNW. He leads our coverage of European tech and oversees our talented team of writers. Away from work, he e (show all) Thomas is the managing editor of TNW. He leads our coverage of European tech and oversees our talented team of writers. Away from work, he enjoys playing chess (badly) and the guitar (even worse). Get the TNW newsletter Get the most important tech news in your inbox each week. Also tagged with

When it comes to bedding that’s soft and supple, the best silk sheets are hard to beat. Unlike other materials like a textured linen or crisp percale, these have a glossy look and feel that you won’t quite find in another set. What’s more, they are just as versatile as they are stylish. Silk of the highest quality is characterized as a hypoallergenic, naturally breathable fabric, which is great for hot sleepers and sleepers with sensitive skin. Plus, many sets come in neutral and bright colorways to play off of your bedroom’s design.To get a real feel for the best sets out there, our editors got to work by sleeping in on our favorite sets on the market. And since top-tier silk sheets tend to be pricey, we’ve also sprinkled in some affordable alternative options like satin and bamboo. They might trick you into thinking they’re the real thing. Here, find all of our favorites to enhance your sleep experience and self-care routine.Our Top Picks for the Best Silk Sheets:Best Overall Silk Sheets: Quince Mulberry Silk Sheet Set, $500Best Splurge: Clementine Sleepwear Atelier Medica Organic Silk Fitted Base Sheet, $899A Sustainable Set: Lunya Quintessential Bedding Set, $428Best Silk Alternative: Ettitude CleanBamboo Sheet Set, $379 $265Most Affordable: Bedsure Satin Sheets, $41For Hot Sleepers: Luxome Luxury Sheet Set, $185Browse by CategoryFor consistency, all prices reflect queen sizes in this story.The Best Silk Sheets, OverallQuince Mulberry Silk Sheet SetUpsides & DownsidesUpsides: Affordable, machine washable, made of 100% mulberry silkDownsides: Only available in a few neutral colorsSpecsMaterial: 100% mulberry silkSizes: Queen, kingColors: 3Includes: Fitted sheet, flat sheet, and 2 pillowcasesCare instructions: Machine washable, air-dry recommendedQuince is already one of our favorite destinations for luxury-on-a-budget sleep essentials. While you’ll find an affordable price point here too, the quality of these 100% mulberry silk sheets isn’t something to skip over. Senior commerce editor Nashia Baker keeps these high-quality sheets in rotation since they’re both durable and easy to care for. They are machine washable—she just keeps them with like colors for safe measure, though. From there, an air-dry gets the sheets back to their best condition. Even if you don't notice an immediate change from tumble drying, the brand says this practice can weaken the silk. As someone whose skin has gotten more sensitive over time, she appreciates the hypoallergenic, temperature-regulating material that feels soothing to sink into each night.These sheets have a 22 momme count. We dive into this more in our FAQ section, but this count essentially indicates a durable weave, and Baker says they've held up well without tears or color fading in sight.Best SplurgeClementine Atelier Medica Silk Fitted SheetUpsides & DownsidesUpsides: No off-gassing, tester says the deep hue pairs well with neutral bedding, infused with ingredients like hyaluronic acidDownsides: PriceySpecsMaterial: 100% GOTS certified organic silk beddingSizes: Twin, full, queen, kingColors: 2Includes: Fitted sheetCare instructions: Machine wash on the most delicate setting in a “silk-only” load with mild detergent. Or, hand wash with a mild detergent and gently massage the fabric for one minute to remove dirt and let it soak for the next four minutes. Rinse in fresh cold water. Do not use bleach or a fabric softener. Hang in a shady spot away from the sun to air-dry.Calling them “extremely soft and rich-feeling,” commerce writer Julia Harrison coats her bed with this silk set and adds that they’re the “kind of splurge that just feels like self-care every time you slip into it.” While they’re steeper in price, the brand notes that these sheets boast infused with ingredients like hyaluronic acid designed to leave skin feeling dewy and soothed. Harrison says she sleeps easily with these sheets and felt like they were ready for use out of the box with little to no off-gassing (though she did still give them a wash).All that aside, these sheets can instantly dress up a moody or minimalist bedroom at any given moment with the pearl white and navy blue hues. Although Harrison has a bohemian-meets-Danish design style in her space, she found the navy blue color to be surprisingly subtle. “It wasn’t screaming: silk sheets, or even worse: navy blue sheets,” she says. “I tucked it under my white duvet and it gave a really interesting contrast.”A Sustainable SetPhoto: Nashia BakerPhoto: Nashia BakerLunya Quintessential Bedding SetUpsides & DownsidesUpsides: Made of natural wood tencel fibers, soft, durable materialDownsides: Duvet and sheet set are sold separatelySpecsMaterial: 100% tencelSizes: Queen, king, California kingColors: WhiteIncludes: Fitted sheet, flat sheet, and 2 pillowcasesCare instructions: Machine wash cold and tumble dry low.Take it from Baker: Lunya’s silky sheets are a dream. At first glance, she mistook these as mulberry silk because of their glossy look. In actuality, these sheets are made of a natural fiber called tencel, which is a wood-based material. The brand notes that the bedding is biodegradable and created using an earth-friendly, closed-loop process that uses recycled materials. These are naturally breathable while also boasting a softness that she hasn’t quite felt in a standard silk set. “I wouldn’t consider myself a hot sleeper, but since NYC weather is constantly up and down, I like something that’s both airy and soft,” she says. “I sleep under the top sheet and duvet with no problem; the set keeps me comfortable during in-between spring weather that hits around the 50s and 60s.”While the duvet is sold separately, it's a plus to pair with the sheet set since it's just as durable. “I’ve had the same textured comforter with yellow embroidery for years now, and I feared that the design would show through the duvet cover since the only color Lunya has as of now is white,” Baker says. “I was pleasantly surprised to see that the duvet covered it all without any color peeking through.”Best Silk AlternativeEttitude CleanBamboo Sheet SetUpsides & DownsidesUpsides: 8 colors available, Oeko-Tex Standard 100 certified, hypoallergenicDownsides: Some colors sell out quicklySpecsMaterial: 100% CleanBamboo LyocellSizes: Twin, twin XL, full, queen, king, California kingColors: 8Includes: 1 fitted sheet, 1 flat sheet, 2 pillowcase(s). Full and queen sizes include 2 standard pillowcases; King and California king include 2 king-size pillowcases, twin and twin XL include 1 standard pillowcase.Care instructions: Wash on cold with mild detergent and like fabrics in a gentle or delicate setting. Line dry or tumble dry low. Don't use bleach or fabric softener."These sheets are buttery—pun intended,” says Baker, who has this set in the butter colorway. These are made from a patented CleanBamboo fabric that leaves the sheets with a silky sateen finish. She says they have gotten noticeably softer over time with a routine wash and dry. Plus, they are a bit thinner in a good way than other bamboo-like sets, as Baker says it leaves them with an airier feel. If trendy pastel yellow isn’t your preference, these sheets also come in several neutral and vibrant hues like sage and saffron.Most AffordableBedsure Satin SheetsUpsides & DownsidesUpsides: Affordable alternative, smooth feel, easy care (machine washable and tumble dry)Downsides: Some color might bleed on pillows after the first couple of usesSpecsMaterial: 100% polyester satinSizes: Twin, full, queen, king, California kingColors: 22Includes: Fitted sheet, flat sheet, and 2 pillowcasesCare instructions: Machine washable in cold water. Tumble dry on low.Another alternative to add to cart, these satin sheets have a smooth texture and come in nearly two dozen colors to match your bedroom. And coming in at just $41, they have more of an approachable price tag while still boasting the overall look of silk. The sheets are more slippery than a standard silk set, but the appearance itself doesn't give that away. Baker has these in burgundy and says the rich hue really shows through in person. She did notice some color bleeding on her pillows after the first couple of uses, so something to be mindful of if you opt for a deep color.For Hot SleepersPhoto: Nashia BakerLuxome Luxury Sheet SetUpsides & DownsidesUpsides: Unique colors available, deep pockets, breathableDownsides: The brand recommends washing alone on the delicate cycleSpecsMaterial: 100% Viscose from BambooSizes: Twin, twin XL, full, queen, king, California king, and split kingColors: 12Includes: 1 fitted sheet, 1 flat sheet, 2 pillowcase(s). Full, queen, king, California king, and split king sizes include 2 pillowcases; twin and twin XL include 1 standard pillowcase.Care instructions: Machine wash in cold water on a delicate cycle with a mild, liquid detergent. Don't use bleach, fabric softener, stain removers, or scent boosters. Tumble dry with low heat.These are our favorite cooling sheets for those seeking a glam aesthetic. Baker says this bamboo set is great for people like her who crave something cool-to-the-touch without sacrificing style. “These sheets have the same appearance to me as a high-end set of silk or satin without the cost,” she says, adding that they have dramatic drape. “These are even more unique because of the jewel tones, like sapphire, that are hard to find with other brands,” she says. Baker keeps her bedscape full with a mattress topper and protector, and she says these deep-pocket sheets fit easily over it all. While she says she’s generally a cold sleeper, the bamboo material is perfectly breathable for hot NYC days.How We TestedFrom bamboo to linen sheets, our testing process for sheets is one in the same at AD: Just like fellow shoppers, our editors bring sets in their homes to see if they really hold up for routine use. We had these silk and silk alternative sheets in our homes for about a month, if not more, to go through the process of washing and sleeping on them. Here areMaterial: There are several silk and silk alternative fabrics to choose from, but our list consists of pure mulberry silk, bamboo varieties, and satin that all have a similar look and feel. When shopping for pure silk, be sure look for bedding labels that note 100% mulberry silk, also known as natural silk. If you're looking for options that mirror the look of silk, 100% viscose from bamboo is typically durable and has less strict care instructions, especially tumble drying. Satin tends to be slightly more slippery in texture, but these usually still offer a silky look.Care: For streamlined care, we tested a variety of options that span hand washing to machine washing, as well as tumble drying and air-drying. Since pure silk can sometimes weaken from abrasive wash and dry cycles, it's typically recommended to hand wash and air-dry.FAQsAre Silk Sheets Really Worth It?While 100% mulberry sheets tend to be an investment price-wise, we think it's worthwhile. These can act as cooling sheets, as the material is naturally breathable for a good night's rest. And because of their smooth nature, they can leave a polished aesthetic in any bedroom. With the right care—typically machine washing on a delicate cycle or hand washing and air drying—the best silk sheets can last for years.What’s a Momme Count?A momme count is the measurement that reflects the weight of silk. Typically, the higher the momme count, the denser the fabric. Any momme count above 20 momme, like our Quince pick, is pretty standard and ensures the material is sturdy and designed to last.

Latin America at the 2025 Venice Biennale: Exploring Territory, Memory, and Ancestral Knowledge to Build the PresentSave this picture!Andamio Vivo - Perú. Image © Gonzalo Vera Tudela De MontreuilThe 19th edition of the Venice Architecture Biennale officially opened to the public on May 10, becoming a significant international platform for exploring the current state of global architecture and sparking conversations about the challenges the discipline faces today—both shared and specific to each territory. This year’s theme, "Intelligens. Natural. Artificial. Collective," proposed by general curator and Italian architect Carlo Ratti, invites reflection on architecture’s interconnection with other fields—such as art, artificial intelligence, and technology—while also emphasizing the importance of territories, landscapes, and, above all, the people who collectively shape our built environment.In this context, the national participations of Latin American countries have enriched the international exhibition with contributions deeply rooted in their local cultures and identities. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay represented Central and South America in Venice. Across their proposals, several shared themes emerged—most notably, the idea that contemporary architecture must consciously reconnect with its territory and draw from its history in order to build more thoughtfully today. Along these lines, the installations explored the re-signification of local elements and ancestral knowledge, adapting them to contemporary challenges and contexts.Brazil and Mexico centered their exhibitions on an in-depth investigation of land recording and mapping, addressing the use of ancestral construction technologies in relation to agriculture and the natural landscape. Both explored how these traditional techniques can be adapted to contemporary contexts. Uruguay, recognizing that over half of its territory is composed of water, emphasized the importance of considering this resource as an integral part of the country’s history, culture, and development. Peru and Argentina, meanwhile, focused on the re-signification of unique local elements—the silobag, emblematic of the Argentine countryside, and totora, a plant traditionally used in various forms of construction in Peru. In both pavilions, these materials were prominently featured, evoking the cultural and symbolic significance they carry. Finally, Chile’s participation presented a reflective and thought-provoking working table that examined recent debates around artificial intelligence policies established in the country. Related Article Between Algorithms and Ancestral Knowledge: Expanding the Concept of Architectural Intelligence Siestario - Argentina Save this picture!Save this picture!Upon entering Siestario, the Argentine Pavilion located in the Arsenale of Venice, visitors are immersed in a space of soft light and evocative soundscapes. At the center, serving as the undisputed focal point, is a large pink inflatable bag that instinctively invites repose. This is a silobag—a storage element commonly used in the Argentine countryside for preserving grain, especially soy, and emblematic of the country’s export-driven economy. In this context, the silobag functions not only as a spatial gesture but also as a temporal one: an invitation to pause and reflect amid the pace of the Biennale.In this way, architects Marco Zampieron and Juan Manuel Pachué succeed in decontextualizing this characteristic element—deeply rooted in national identity—by re-signifying its function and placing it within a space of critique and questioning. The result is effective: visitors are drawn to the installation, climb onto it, rest, and surrender to the experience, surrounded by images and sounds that induce a dreamlike drowsiness.(re) invenção - BrazilSave this picture!Save this picture!Brazil’s exhibition, curated by Luciana Saboia, Eder Alencar, and Matheus Seco—members of Plano Coletivo—is divided into two rooms, presenting research on the knowledge drawn from the lands of the Amazon. The installation establishes a dialogue between ancestral wisdom and contemporary urban infrastructure through exhibition elements that also serve as the structural system of the display.In the first room, lined with biodegradable wooden panels, maps and documents are spread across the floor, evoking the direct relationship that Indigenous peoples of the Amazon have with their land. In the second, a curated selection of architectural and urban infrastructure projects illustrates how these traditional forms of knowledge—deeply connected to Brazilian territory—are transformed into collective knowledge, capable of adapting to contemporary projects while preserving this cultural heritage.This balance between local culture, territory, and contemporary challenges is expressed almost literally through a minimalist and precise installation, composed of vertical panels and a suspended table made of reforested wood, both connected by tensioned steel cables. The balance is achieved through stone counterweights and a central metal tube that distributes the forces, turning the table into a structural element that redefines the spatial experience of the room.Reflective Intelligences - ChileSave this picture!Save this picture!The Chilean Pavilion presents a powerful proposal: upon entering the room, a central table—the main exhibition element—reflects a series of videos, essays, and images on its water surface. These works focus on archival research exploring the country’s growing role in the development of artificial intelligence, data center buildings, and the impact this has on the territory and, above all, its inhabitants.Serena Dambrosio, Nicolás Díaz Bejarano, and Linda Schilling Cuellar, the architects behind the pavilion, conceive the table not only as a physical support but also as a reference to the political tool of the "roundtable" used by the Chilean government to introduce policies and regulations around AI. In this case, the use of the water’s reflection invites visitors to reflect on what this technological development truly entails, questioning the exclusion of communities and environmental factors in these decision-making spaces. In this way, the table within the pavilion becomes a fertile ground for fostering collective dialogue among all key stakeholders: architects, researchers, communities, and policymakers.Chinampa Veneta - MéxicoSave this picture!Save this picture!The experience of entering the Mexican Pavilion, located in the Arsenale at the Biennale, is completely immersive. Visitors are welcomed by a recreation of a chinampa—an ancient cultivation system that involves creating platforms of earth over water to form small agricultural islands—which immediately captures attention through its lush vegetation, the scent of damp soil, and the sounds of water. The rest of the room, where vegetables, flowers, and medicinal herbs planted in the central chinampa are also expected to grow, is arranged to mimic the canals of Xochimilco, drawing a parallel with Venice itself, famously built over water.With this installation, the curatorial team—comprising Estudio Ignacio Urquiza and Ana Paula de Alba, Estudio María Marín de Buen, ILWT, Locus, Lucio Usobiaga Hegewisch & Nathalia Muguet, and Pedro&Juana—proposes revisiting these traditional chinampa agricultural systems to reflect on their adaptation in the present as a sustainable response, thanks to their self-irrigation system, within the context of droughts and global climate crisis. It also stands as evidence of a collective system bridging the natural and the built environment, as well as sustained care over time.Living Scaffolding - PerúSave this picture!Save this picture!The Peruvian Pavilion, with Alex Hudtwalcker as chief curator and Sebastián Cillóniz, José Ignacio Beteta, and Gianfranco Morales as associate curators, is presented at the Biennale’s Arsenale with Living Scaffolding, a proposal centered around a monumental structure built from totora reed wood. This installation brings to Venice the ancestral knowledge of the Uros and Aymara peoples of Lake Titicaca, who for centuries have used totora to construct floating habitable islands, homes, boats, and other essential elements for life on the lake.Over time, the refinement of this ancient technique incorporated other essential components—such as ropes and logs—that contribute to the stability and buoyancy of the structures. All this knowledge is materialized in an installation that can be fully experienced: visitors enter and walk through the scaffolding, exploring its construction system from within.Living Scaffolding highlights the technical precision and enduring relevance of this tradition, which in the contemporary context takes on a new meaning connected to collectivity, material memory, and the possibility of reactivating ancestral techniques as a response to today’s challenges. 53,86% Uruguay Land of Water - Uruguay Save this picture!Save this picture!Curated by architects Ken Sei Fong and Katia Sei Fong, alongside visual artist Luis Sei Fong, the Uruguayan Pavilion explores the country’s relationship with its maritime territory, which accounts for just over half of its total surface area. Located in its own building within the Biennale’s Giardini, the pavilion features a poetic and musical installation: a wavy ceiling from which amethyst stones hang, dripping water that strikes metal containers on the floor. This sensory and sonic experience invites visitors to contemplate water as a thread that weaves together the country’s memory, identity, and development.The installation presents a critique of the global water management model, emphasizing that, as a finite and increasingly scarce resource, it is essential to establish policies and regulations for its preservation. In this context, architecture plays a key role: it can not only offer innovative solutions but also promote conscious planning around water in cities and territories, acting as a bridge between the way we inhabit and the way we collectively manage this vital resource.Save this picture!Latin America’s participation in the 2025 Venice Biennale reveals that architecture is not only a design discipline but also a powerful critical and cultural tool. Each pavilion, rooted in its specific territorial context and local cultural identity, enacts a form of resistance by exploring ancestral knowledge, natural resources, and contemporary technologies as collective ways of knowing—learning from the past to build better today. In a global context marked by environmental crises, inequalities, and technological transformations, these architectural and deeply reflective endeavors construct new and reimagined narratives, where the local is no longer intrinsic to a fixed context but rather knowledge that expands, connects, and adapts to shared new realities.Save this picture! Image gallerySee allShow less About this authorPaula PintosAuthor••• Cite: Pintos, Paula. "Latin America at the 2025 Venice Biennale: Exploring Territory, Memory, and Ancestral Knowledge to Build the Present" [Latinoamérica en la Bienal de Venecia 2025: territorio, memoria y saberes ancestrales para construir el presente] 23 May 2025. ArchDaily. 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Glitter gets everywhere: It clings to carpet fibers, hides in your hairline, and shows up weeks later in unexpected places. But what if this famously clingy, sparkly nuisance could actually help save a species?That’s the idea behind a new conservation initiative in Wales. The Initiative for Nature Conservation Cymru (INCC) is feeding edible cake glitter to water voles to help track their movements (literally) and better understand how to protect them. And surprisingly, it’s already showing promise.Important Ecosystem EngineersWater voles (Arvicola amphibius), often mistaken for rats, are shy little mammals that scientists call "ecosystem engineers." That means they don’t just live in their environment — they actively shape it.For example, by digging burrows and disturbing soil, water voles help create the perfect conditions for wildflowers and grasses to thrive. In turn, that attracts all kinds of pollinators like bees, butterflies, and moths. The ripple effects of their underground handiwork help boost biodiversity in a big way.But water voles, once common in England, Scotland, and Wales, are now one of the UK’s fastest-declining mammals. Habitat loss (by draining wetlands) and predation by invasive American mink have led to a staggering 90 percent decline in their numbers. Conservationists urgently need to understand where these animals are, how they move, and what they need to survive. Glitter may be able to provide such insights — with sparkling clarity.How to Get Glittery PoopINCC researchers wanted a way to trace individual voles’ movements without disturbing them or relying on expensive tracking tech. According to the BBC, the glitter they used is biodegradable, animal-safe glitter vetted by veterinarians to make sure it’s harmless to both the voles and their environment.Before releasing the idea into the wild, they tested it on captive-bred voles involved in a larger Natural Resources Wales (NRW) reintroduction project. These voles were offered apple slices dusted with the shiny stuff. Thankfully, they didn’t seem fazed at all. They munched away happily, and before long, the voles began producing glittery poop.This sparkly evidence is a potential goldmine of data. By analyzing where glitter-marked droppings turn up, conservationists can figure out where voles are hanging out, areas they’re avoiding, and how they’re navigating the landscape.Involving the PublicFollowing the successful trial of glitter in captive populations, the next phase involves applying this technique to wild water voles. The team of conservationists is also considering the use of different colors of glitter to distinguish between separate vole family groups, allowing for more detailed tracking and analysis of their movements.Once researchers can map out the territories and travel habits of wild voles, they’ll be better equipped to take targeted conservation actions. That might mean removing invasive trees like conifers from wetlands, fencing off riverbanks to keep grazing livestock at bay, or restoring habitats in ways that support safe vole dispersal.And this isn't just a job for scientists. INCC emphasizes the importance of getting local communities involved. By educating and empowering people to play a role in protecting water voles, they hope to create a sustainable, long-term conservation model that offers a glittering future for both the animals and the people living alongside them.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:Greenlight: The Role of Water Voles as Ecosystem EngineersInitiative for Nature Conservation Cymru: Saving Wales's Upland Water VolesHaving worked as a biomedical research assistant in labs across three countries, Jenny excels at translating complex scientific concepts – ranging from medical breakthroughs and pharmacological discoveries to the latest in nutrition – into engaging, accessible content. Her interests extend to topics such as human evolution, psychology, and quirky animal stories. When she’s not immersed in a popular science book, you’ll find her catching waves or cruising around Vancouver Island on her longboard.

Coral reefs are natural wonders that don’t just mesmerize us with their colorful and diverse ecosystems — they’re also economically invaluable. Industries like aquaculture, tourism, and fisheries rely on them, amounting to a staggering US$375 billion globally each year. That means entire coastal communities depend on the health of local reefs.But reefs are in trouble. Climate change, pollution, and other human impacts are driving a rapid decline, with scientists warning that up to 90 percent of coral cover could vanish in the next decade. In response, researchers around the world have been scrambling to find solutions. One new approach, from a collaboration between scientists in the U.S., Italy, and the Netherlands, offers a surprisingly elegant fix: a nanogel that makes reefs smell like home.Their study, published in Trends in Biotechnology, details how a bio-inspired gel mimics the chemical cues coral larvae use to identify ideal habitats. It’s a breakthrough that in combination with other methods could seriously boost coral settlement rates.Coral Larvae’s Search for HomeCorals might look like underwater rocks, but they’re very much alive — and surprisingly picky when it comes to settling down. Coral larvae float through the ocean, guided by chemical signals released by algae, like the crustose coralline algae, which give clues about the surrounding reef’s health and potential. If the algae send the right signals, the larvae settle and grow. If not, they keep drifting.Unfortunately, environmental stress is changing the mix of algae in many reef areas, and some of these macroalgae release signals that actually deter coral settlement. So even when we try to help reefs regrow, either by transplanting coral fragments or sexually propagated juvenile corals, the larvae often reject their new homes. That’s where this new nanogel comes in.Read More: How Volunteers Are Helping Keep Coral Reefs AliveA Jelly That Tricks Corals To make reefs more appealing, the research team developed a soft, biodegradable material called SNAP-X, designed to recreate the chemical cues of healthy reefs.According to the study, SNAP-X is packed with ultra-tiny silica capsules, each smaller than 70 nanometers (for comparison, the average human hair is 80,000-100,000 nanometers wide). These capsules are loaded with the same compounds crustose coralline algae naturally release. To gather those compounds, scientists collected live algae from Hawaii’s Kaneohe Bay, soaked them in seawater, and extracted the resulting chemical “soup” into a concentrated powder.Next, they mixed that powder into a special light-sensitive gel. Once applied to a reef surface, the gel turns into a jelly when hit with light, locking it in place. The result? A thin, algae-scented layer designed to slowly release attractive molecules over a full month.In lab tests, larvae were six times more likely to settle on surfaces treated with SNAP-X. In more realistic water-flow conditions, that number jumped to 20 times higher than untreated surfaces — especially when higher concentrations of the nanogel were used. In essence, the team created a synthetic chemical “welcome mat” that tricks coral babies into thinking a degraded reef is a great place to grow.Boosting Genetic Diversity in ReefsWhile promising, SNAP-X isn’t a silver bullet. The gel doesn’t work on its own and needs to be combined with other restoration techniques, like coral propagation and reef structuring. Still, it has serious potential.Because the compounds encourage sexual reproduction-based settlement, SNAP-X could help boost genetic diversity in reefs, a key for withstanding future stress like ocean warming. The core materials (gelatin and silica) are cheap and widely available, making this approach scalable.There’s still plenty of work ahead. Researchers don’t yet know which exact molecules in the algae extract are doing the heavy lifting, meaning they must keep harvesting them from live samples. The next step: testing SNAP-X in the wild, with more coral species, in more places.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:Global Change Biology: An assessment of people living by coral reefs over space and timeMarine Ecology Progress Series: Chemical effects of macroalgae on larval settlement of the broadcast spawning coral Acropora millepora (pdf)Trends in Biotechnology: Biomimetic chemical microhabitats enhance coral settlementHaving worked as a biomedical research assistant in labs across three countries, Jenny excels at translating complex scientific concepts – ranging from medical breakthroughs and pharmacological discoveries to the latest in nutrition – into engaging, accessible content. Her interests extend to topics such as human evolution, psychology, and quirky animal stories. When she’s not immersed in a popular science book, you’ll find her catching waves or cruising around Vancouver Island on her longboard.

PROS: Very affordable price points Great sound quality Charming, playful design Great battery life CONS: No interactive control dial Microphone picks up surrounding noise RATINGS: AESTHETICSERGONOMICSPERFORMANCESUSTAINABILITY / REPAIRABILITYVALUE FOR MONEYEDITOR'S QUOTE:CMF by Nothing continues to impress with its ability to balance design, performance, and affordability, and the Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus are perfect examples of that philosophy in action. CMF, the design-focused sub-brand of Nothing, has proven time and again that great sound and great design can coexist in harmony without breaking the bank. With their playful aesthetics, the Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus are CMF’s latest audio offerings that pack a surprising number of features into an impressively affordable price point. The Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus, along with Phone Pro 2, the latest offerings from this innovative brand, showcase just how deeply CMF’s philosophy is embedded into their products. Designer: CMF by Nothing Aesthetics The CMF Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus follow a natural evolution of the design language introduced with the Buds Pro 2 last July. While both models share a nearly identical form, there are subtle differences that set them apart. One prominent feature is the rotating dial on the upper left corner of the charging case, which mirrors the design of the Buds Pro 2. However, unlike the customizable Smart Dial found on the CMF Buds Pro 2, which lets you twist to adjust volume, manage playback, and press for functions like noise cancellation and Voice Assistant, you can do none of these with the dials on the Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus. They are intended for lanyard attachment or simply as a satisfying tactile feature for fidgeting, with no interactive controls. The CMF Buds 2 features a transparent rotating dial, providing a contrast against the sandblast-textured case that adds a playful touch. On the other hand, the CMF Buds 2 Plus sports a matte metallic finish on its dial, giving it a more sophisticated and refined look. This contributes to the cohesive, design-driven ethos of CMF by Nothing, which is echoed across products like the CMF Phone 2 Pro. Both models are housed in square-shaped cases with rounded edges, which creates a soft and approachable aesthetic that feels modern and tactile. The CMF Buds 2 Plus have a rubber-coated texture, offering a more premium, grippy feel. On the bottom left of the case, you’ll find the iconic CMF by Nothing branding in its signature Ndot font, giving the design a clean and minimalist finish. Opening the case reveals the earbuds arranged diagonally inside, securely held by magnets, with the Bluetooth pairing button located at the bottom right corner between two buds. The earbuds themselves feature a simple design, with shiny plastic housings and matte stems. A circular mark on the top of the stem indicates the touch-sensitive area, though there are no markings at the bottom of the stem, unlike the Buds Pro 2. The CMF Buds 2 come in Light Green, Black, and Orange, while the CMF Buds 2 Plus are available in Light Grey and Blue. We received the Orange Buds 2 and Blue Buds 2 Plus for review. The Blue variant, which has a deep navy hue with a hint of purple, is particularly striking. However, the Blue Buds 2 Plus do show oil smudges more easily, which is something to keep in mind. Ergonomics The charging case for the CMF Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus is not the smallest, measuring 53.3 x 53.3 x 23 mm, but the textured surface makes it feel pleasant and solid in hand. I found myself often fiddling with the rotating dial. It’s surprisingly enjoyable, even without the clicking tactile you get to enjoy on the Buds 2 Pro, adding a playful element to the experience. Taking the earbuds out of the case and putting them back in is simple and effortless. Weighing in at just 4.5 grams, the earbuds are lightweight and sit comfortably in my ears, with the medium silicone tips that come pre-installed. Of course, fit is different for each individual, and for those who need a different fit, smaller and larger silicone tips are also included in the box for a more customized fit. The fit of the CMF Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus is particularly impressive. I wore the Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus continuously for over eight hours, and they remained comfortable the entire time. What’s even more surprising is that I usually struggle with getting other earbuds to stay securely in my left ear, but both pairs of these earbuds sat firmly in place, whether I was running, cycling, or doing light yoga. They felt stable and snug, providing a comfortable fit that didn’t shift or cause any irritation, even during more intense activities. Performance The CMF Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus both deliver impressive sound quality, especially considering their price points. The Buds 2 features an 11 millimeter PMI (Polymethacrylimide) diaphragm driver, while the Buds 2 Plus steps things up with a 12mm LCP driver (Liquid Crystal Polymer). Both support AAC and SBC codecs, while the Buds 2 Plus also includes LDAC support for high-resolution audio. Out of the box, both earbuds lean toward a bass-rich sound signature. The low end is prominent but does not overpower the mids and highs. If you want to enhance the bass even further, you can activate Ultra Bass Technology 2.0 in the Nothing X app. This feature lets you boost the bass on a scale from one to five, depending on your preference. The Buds 2 are tuned to emphasize bass more than the Buds 2 Plus. The CMF Buds 2 produce deep and punchy bass that enhances genres like hip-hop and EDM. On the other hand, the Buds 2 Plus offer a more balanced sound profile, with clearer mids and more detailed highs. Both options, however, are geared toward listeners who enjoy a bass-forward experience. The CMF Buds 2 features Dirac Opteo tuning, which helps improve clarity and spatial sound characteristics by optimizing how audio is delivered to your ears. This feature is not available on the Buds 2 Plus. Instead, the Buds 2 Plus offers Personal Sound powered by Audiodo. This function uses a short hearing test within the Nothing X app, where tones are played across various frequencies for each ear. Based on your responses, the app creates a personalized audio profile that adjusts frequencies you may have difficulty hearing. This results in a more tailored and balanced listening experience. Both models work with the Nothing X app, which gives you access to adjustable EQ settings, ANC modes, and control customization. The EQ interface lets you fine-tune bass, mids, and treble across five intensity levels. Unlike Nothing’s flagship audio products, you do not get access to the advanced EQ with granular tweaking. However, the app does include several preloaded sound presets for quick selection. Touch controls are also customizable through the app. You can assign different commands to double taps, triple taps, tap and hold, and double tap and hold for both left and right earbuds. Changing the function assigned to a single tap is not supported. The touch-sensitive area is located near the top of the earbud stem, which may require some practice to hit accurately. A convenient addition would have been the option to mute the microphone during calls with a tap gesture. Both models feature active noise cancellation. ANC works well and introduces no noticeable white noise or hiss in quiet settings. You also get transparency modes to let in surrounding sound when needed. The Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus are equipped with six HD microphones. Call quality is clear in quiet environments. However, in noisy conditions, background sounds such as wind or nearby conversations are often picked up, which can affect clarity during calls. Dual connectivity is supported by both models, allowing you to stay connected to two devices at the same time. I tested them with two smartphones and also with a phone and a laptop, and switching between devices worked smoothly and without delays.  In-ear detection generally functions reliably, though it can be a little too sensitive at times. I’ve occasionally experienced playback pausing even when the earbuds remain securely in my ears. A small adjustment typically gets the audio going again. That said, this doesn’t appear to be a widespread issue based on user feedback from the Nothing Community, so it may just be an isolated case in my experience. Battery life is another strong point. The Buds 2 offer up to 14 hours of playback with ANC turned off, and up to 61.5 hours including the charging case. The CMF Buds 2 Plus, meanwhile, provide 13.5 hours of playback on a single charge, and up to 55 hours with the case, also with ANC off. With ANC turned on, I consistently got around 8 hours on the Buds 2 and about 8.5 hours on the Buds 2 Plus, primarily listening to streaming music and occasional videos in quiet environments. Battery performance will vary depending on volume and background noise. Fast charging is supported through USB-C. A 10-minute charge provides up to 7.5 hours of playback on the Buds 2 and 8.5 hours on the Buds 2 Plus. While there is no wireless charging support, this is understandable for earbuds in this price range. Sustainability CMF by Nothing has clearly put a lot of thought into making the Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus durable enough to last well beyond your typical upgrade cycle. Both models go through extensive durability testing. From a 1-meter drop test, plug and unplug tests for the charging port (tested up to 5,000 cycles), to temperature stability under extreme conditions, ranging from -40°C to 75°C for 96 hours. The earbuds themselves are IP55 rated, so they’re protected against dust and splashes, making them a reliable pick for sweaty workouts or rainy commutes. The charging case, on the other hand, carries a more modest IPX2 rating. That means it can handle the occasional drip, but it’s definitely not made for water exposure. It’s also worth noting that CMF’s packaging is plastic-free, which is a great step in the right direction. Still, we’d love to see them go a bit further, incorporating recycled or biodegradable materials in the earbuds or case would push their sustainability story even further. Durability helps keep these earbuds in use longer, which is a win for the environment. But with just a bit more focus on materials, CMF could take its eco credentials to the next level. Value At $59 and $69, respectively, the CMF Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus deliver exceptional value for money. Both models offer well-tuned audio, thoughtful design, reliable performance, and a feature set that can easily compete with earbuds that cost significantly more. In terms of sound, they stand out in the budget segment with punchy bass and good clarity. The value becomes even more apparent when you consider the feature list. Both models include IP55-rated earbuds for water and dust resistance, a customizable EQ through the Nothing X app, and Ultra Bass Technology 2.0 for those who want to boost low-end performance. The rotating dial on the case, which serves both as a lanyard attachment point and a fun tactile element, adds a bit of personality and playfulness to the design. For those who prefer a more neutral sound signature and are not fans of bass-heavy tuning, the Realme Buds Air 7 are a strong alternative. Priced at around 299 Chinese yuan, which is approximately 41 US dollars, they come in a stylish transparent moss green version. However, the charging case is bulkier, and the earbuds are not officially available in the United States, which might be a drawback for some. Verdict CMF by Nothing continues to impress with its ability to balance design, performance, and affordability, and the Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus are perfect examples of that philosophy in action. Both models deliver surprisingly rich audio for their price. Unique design choices like the tactile rotating dial, sturdy build, and IP55 water resistance make these earbuds feel far more premium than their modest price tags suggest. Battery life is excellent, and the Nothing X app adds a lot of flexibility. At these price points, the Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus punch well above their weight. In fact, when it comes to affordable true wireless earbuds, these might just be the best in their class. If you want earbuds that look great, sound great, and won’t drain your wallet, these are hard to beat. The post CMF Buds 2 and Buds 2 Plus Review: Playful, Talented, and Affordable first appeared on Yanko Design.

Researchers from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and multiple collaborating institutions are advancing the use of additive manufacturing (AM) to produce zinc-based biomaterials for biodegradable medical implants. Motivated by the need for temporary implants that naturally degrade in the body, thereby eliminating risks associated with long-term metal retention, the team investigated selective laser melting (SLM) and binder jetting as methods to process zinc and zinc oxide powders into patient-specific scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Their findings, published in Acta Biomaterialia, demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating porous zinc structures with tailored degradation rates and mechanical properties. The study addresses key challenges in fabricating zinc structures via AM, including the metal’s low boiling point, high reflectivity, and tendency to oxidize. These properties have historically complicated laser-based processing, limiting zinc’s use in load-bearing biomedical applications despite its attractive profile as a biodegradable, bioactive material. Zinc as a next-generation biodegradable metal for AM Zinc’s corrosion rate is slower than that of magnesium but significantly faster than iron, placing it in an ideal range for bioresorption over a clinically relevant time frame. It also exhibits inherent antibacterial properties and plays a role in osteogenesis. However, traditional manufacturing routes have struggled to produce complex, porous zinc scaffolds suitable for bone in-growth. Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of patient-specific, lattice-based implants with fine control over pore geometry, strut thickness, and internal architecture. In this study, SLM was used to process zinc powder into porous structures, while inkjet printing of zinc oxide was followed by a post-processing step that included sintering and reduction to metallic zinc. Both methods demonstrated potential to overcome the design limitations of conventional manufacturing, with implications for orthopedic and craniofacial implant design.(i) Schematic of a typical Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) machine, illustrating the inert atmosphere within the construction chamber and the direction of gas movement indicated by blue arrows. (ii) (a) Typical Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process; (b) SLM process schematic showing the processing chamber and gas circulation system; (c) Parameters for processing. (iii) Setup for the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) process. (iv) (a) Schematic of an Electron Beam Melting (EBM) machine. (v) Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. (vi) (a) Diagram of laser powder Directed Energy Deposition (DED) systems; (b) Schematic of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) equipment based on plasma arc welding. (vii) Schematics for the Binder Jetting (BJ) process. Image via Journal of Materials Research and Technology. Optimizing AM parameters for zinc processing SLM processing required fine-tuning to mitigate evaporation and reduce porosity caused by keyhole formation. The authors suggest that alloying zinc with elements such as magnesium, calcium, or silver may improve printability, mechanical performance, and degradation behavior. With optimized parameters, the team achieved scaffolds with compressive strengths in the range of cancellous bone and interconnected pores that facilitate vascularization and cell migration. Inkjet-based AM offered an alternative pathway, especially for producing lower-density structures with finer feature resolution. However, it introduced challenges related to shrinkage and sintering-induced defects. Despite these issues, both AM approaches enabled the fabrication of cytocompatible scaffolds that supported cell attachment and proliferation in vitro, meeting preliminary benchmarks for biocompatibility. In vitro antibacterial activity: Bacterial morphology on the surface of samples after co-culture with (a) S. aureus and (b) E. coli (arrows tips indicated dead bacteria with broken and incomplete bacterial cell walls); (c) Images of S. aureus and E. coli on TSA after co-cultured with samples; (d) Antibacterial rates calculated by colony counting method; (e) Antibacterial abilities of the samples after incubation with PBS for 3, 7 days. Image via Journal of Materials Research and Technology. Toward clinical translation and customized implants The paper positions AM zinc devices as candidates for temporary bone fixation, load-sharing scaffolds, and biodegradable stents. Unlike permanent metallic implants, these devices gradually degrade in the body, reducing long-term complication risks and eliminating the need for surgical removal. Additive manufacturing’s digital design flexibility further supports the integration of patient-specific anatomical data, potentially reducing recovery times and improving treatment outcomes. Looking ahead, the authors emphasize the need for further in vivo testing and alloy development to tune degradation rates and biofunctionality. Hybrid AM strategies, such as combining inkjet-printed sacrificial templates with SLM overlays, may allow for functionally graded materials and composite structures. Advancements in biodegradable implants Recent advancements in 3D printing of zinc-based biomaterials for biodegradable medical implants highlight the growing interest in utilizing AM to create patient-specific, bioresorbable metal implants. This trend is part of a broader movement in the field of AM of bioresorbable metals, where researchers are exploring materials like magnesium, iron, and zinc to develop implants that safely degrade within the body over time. One pertinent example is the work by engineers at Delft University of Technology, who have utilized extrusion-based 3D printing to fabricate biodegradable bone implants made of porous iron. Similar to zinc, porous iron is biodegradable and has potential as a temporary bone substitute that degrades as new bone regrows, thereby reducing the risk of long-term inflammation associated with permanent metal implants. The Delft team developed a purpose-built extrusion-based setup to overcome challenges related to the low biodegradation rate of bulk iron, achieving porous structures with enhanced biodegradability and mechanical properties suitable for bone healing. Another notable development is the research conducted by RWTH Aachen University, where scientists have been working on lattice structures manufactured from a zinc-magnesium (ZnMg) alloy using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB). These structures are designed to be patient-friendly and promote bone healing, with the ZnMg alloy offering a balance between mechanical strength and biodegradability. The researchers aim to develop bone-mimicking structures while gradually degrading in the body, eliminating the need for secondary surgeries to remove implants.As additive manufacturing continues to mature, zinc-based bioresorbable devices may offer a crucial link between materials science, digital fabrication, and personalized medicine.What 3D printing trends should you watch out for in 2025? How is the future of 3D printing shaping up? Subscribe to the 3D Printing Industry newsletter to keep up with the latest 3D printing news.You can also follow us on LinkedIn and subscribe to the 3D Printing Industry Youtube channel to access more exclusive content. Feature image shows a scanning electron microscope scan of a single laser scan cross-section of a tested nickel and zinc alloy structure. Image via Texas A&M University.