When we think of an eBike, the form is usually large and clunky with motors whirring to propel us forward when needed – not so with the EIDOLON by Ponomarets. Everything obtrusive and unneeded has been stripped away, leaving a super sleek machine that truly does look and feel like its traditional counterparts in the luxury industry. Elegant German engineering meets material technology innovations in this 9.9 kg (just under 22 lbs) bike, weighing in right around the same, if not a touch beyond comparable traditional bikes. A cut above, the EIDOLON is tough to beat in terms of style, performance, and precision. A carbon fiber frame sets the stage for one of the lightest eBikes on the market. Handcrafted in partnership with All Ahead Composites in Veitshöchheim, Germany, the EIDOLON thoughtfully combines cutting edge components with human artistry. Inspired by classic racing bikes, the form is fluid and fast, showing movement even when stationary. A collaboration with VoyagerCo in Belgium takes this form to the next level, the thoughtful refinement of components and a certain discreet elegance maintaining intrigue and timelessness. For the braking system, Ponomarets worked with Swiss brand 612 Parts and Voyager to create a lightweight yet powerful addition to the EIDOLON. From handling capabilities to overall responsiveness, these brakes are crafted to the highest standards of quality. Exclusively designed for Ponomarets, this brake system features an advanced flatmount design, two-piston functionality, and is equipped with Trickstuff pads and Goodridge hoses. A top consideration is the option of having mechanical shifting or electronic shifting. The electronic shifting option outfits your bike with SRAM RED, top of the line components used by pro racers. The surprising simplicity of SRAM wireless electronic shifting is second to none, and keeps a tidy appearance since it does not require shift cables. Elegance and technical aesthetics are just the beginning with the EIDOLON. In a nod to traditional bike designs of the past, the wiring sits on the outside of the frame, completely serviceable and more importantly, creates the perfect conditions to reduce weight and improve performance. Staying true to their philosophy of honoring the past by retaining the specific choices that have delighted cyclists for decades, all while looking toward the future in terms of material choice and precision machining, the EIDOLON sets a new standard for eBike design going into the future. Ponomarets takes their design philosophy from precision timepieces and luxury cars, embodying the sleek, aerodynamic design choices preferred by these storied industries. Thoughtful, meticulous, and stylish, the brand looks to history in concept, and toward the future in execution. To learn more about the EIDOLON eBike by Ponomarets, please visit ponomarets.com. Imagery courtesy of Ponomarets.

Mauricio Rocha | TaAU | Alejandro Castro | OMA | Michel Desvigne | Robert Moses | El Equipo Mazzanti | ContraFuerte |  Batlleiroig | Christian Kerez Earlier this year, news broke that levels of fine particulate matter in Paris had dropped by an astounding 55 per cent since 2005. Through a combination of regulation and public policy, the city has vastly reduced the number of cars on its streets, introducing bike lanes and public green spaces in the place of around 50,000 parking spaces. This issue is dedicated to roads and the architectures that support them. Cities around the world are reckoning with 20th-century car-oriented urban planning, as epitomised by Robert Moses’s New York (p36). Existing roads are increasingly repurposed for broader uses, prioritising pedestrians, cyclists and other forms of movement. São Paulo’s Minhocão has been gradually reclaimed by residents, and the restoration of a historical promenade in Reus is inclusive for all. Meanwhile, OMA’s new bridge in Bordeaux is designed to host public events – as well as six lanes of motorised traffic. Elsewhere, automobile infrastructure continues to expand; in Bahrain, four new car parks stand largely empty, and a roadside service station in Colombia is yet to be occupied. Roads promise prosperity and progress, often with expansionist ambitions; as Nadi Abusaada writes, ‘The road is both the myth and mechanism of the colonial frontier’.  Electric vehicles are now heralded as the future of transport, but as Nelo Magalhães writes in this issue’s keynote, ‘EVs do nothing to change the mass of roads or the issue of their maintenance’. The shift needed is more radical and wide‑reaching.  1522: Roads cover (above)Highway #5, Los Angeles, California, USA (2009) is part of Edward Burtynsky: The Great Acceleration, an exhibition on view at the International Center of Photography in New York City until 28 September. In it, a motorway bulldozes its way through suburbia, sending out smaller branches that further subdivide it. Credit: © Edward Burtynsky, courtesy Flowers Gallery, London folio (lead image)Home follows a family living in a house next to an uncompleted motorway, who reclaim it, temporarily, as an extension of their home. Credit: Album / Alamy keynote How much does your road weigh? Nelo Magalhãesbuilding Malecón de Villahermosa by Taller de Arquitectura Mauricio Rocha, TaAU and Alejandro Castro in Villahermosa, Mexico Laure Nashed building Simon Veil bridge by OMA and Michel Desvigne Paysagiste in Bordeaux, France John Bingham-Hall reputations Robert Moses Andy Battlebuilding Control and operations centre by El Equipo Mazzanti and ContraFuerte in Bolombolo, Colombia Felipe Walter essay Cape to Cairo Sara Salem essay A short history of the roadblock Jan-Werner Müller outrage The Amazonian road to COP30 Martha Dillonrevisit Schlangenbader Straße estate in Berlin, Germany Sophie Lovell essay Living with the Big Worm Richard J Williamsbuilding Passeig de Boca de la Mina by Batlleiroig in Reus, Spain Blanca Pujals essay Taking Norway’s scenic routes Tomà Berlanda building Pearling Path car parks by Christian Kerez in Muharraq, Bahrain Oliver Wainwright typology Petrol station Tom Wilkinson essay The road is the frontier Nadi Abusaada

We may earn a commission from links on this page.It looks like Strava is making moves to become more than just a social fitness tracker. The popular fitness app—arguably the best one of its kind—announced Thursday that it has acquired The Breakaway, an AI-powered cycling training app, marking its second major acquisition in just over a month.This follows Strava's purchase of Runna back in April. So, what do these acquisitions mean for users of The Breakaway and Strava alike? Will those apps' specific training plans become available a part of the Strava subscription? Will I have to pay for that whether I like it or not? Here's what you need to know.What The Breakaway brings to StravaThe Breakaway uses AI to create customized training plans for cyclists pursuing specific performance goals. The app analyzes individual fitness data and objectives to generate workouts tailored to each user's needs and schedule. Similarly, Runna offers AI-generated training plans, but focuses on runners rather than cyclists. As people are speculating on Reddit, these apps could represent Strava's strategic push into more personalized training and coaching features.Zooming out, Strava has built its reputation on social fitness tracking. As a loyal Strava user myself, I believe no other running app can beat Strava's social and mapping features. This ability to tap into a community of fellow runners and cyclists has always differentiated Strava from pure tracking apps.Strava's core offering has remained relatively (and refreshingly) basic compared to specialized training apps. That said, these acquisitions sure do suggest the company wants to capture more and more of the fitness ecosystem by offering the kind of structured, goal-oriented training that serious athletes need.What this means for pricingCurrent subscribers don't need to worry about immediate price hikes. The Breakaway costs $9.99/month, or $69.99/year. (I guess runners are willing to shell out more, since Runna costs $19.99/month, or $119.99/year.) Strava's free tier lets you post your runs, interact with other users, and track some basic statistics about your performance. The premium tier, at $11.99/month or $79.99/year, gives you extra performance tracking and mapping tools.And according to statements from Strava, there are no plans to alter pricing structures or eliminate free access to the acquired apps' basic features. Whether this pricing structure will hold long-term remains to be seen, especially as Strava integrates these services into its broader platform.The bottom lineRather than users needing separate apps for social tracking and structured training, Strava appears to be building an all-in-one fitness ecosystem. Even for the most casual users, this could mean access to more training tools without leaving the Strava ecosystem. But as some disgruntled fans are voicing, it can be frustrating to see Strava scoop up AI-powered training features, rather than fix some of its most basic issues. (Seriously: I should be able to accurately search for for past runs.)And we can only hope that pricing doesn't get too crazy. We'll see whether users are willing to pay more for what has traditionally been a social-first fitness app. Finally, as Strava continues to expand its feature set, it's worth remembering that the app defaults to public sharing. Regularly review your privacy settings to ensure you're not inadvertently sharing location data or personal information more broadly than intended.

Strava drama has become the name of the game in the fitness tracking world. I suppose when your favorite fitness app also includes a social media element, a little tension is inevitable. Add competitive leaderboards into the mix, and you've got a recipe for intrigue that would make reality TV producers salivate.If you're tuned into leaderboard controversies, you'll know that runners and cyclists are deeply divided on whether the platform is doing too much—or not nearly enough—to combat fake entries. If you ask me, when some users are deploying electric unicycles to dominate local climbing segments, that's evidence enough something needs to be done. And now Strava is doing something: The company has announced the launch of AI-enabled Leaderboard Integrity, a new tool intended to separate legitimate athletes from creative cheaters. How Strava is using AI to root out cheatersFor the uninitiated, the reason people cheat is usually to claim King of the Mountain (KOM) and Queen of the Mountain (QOM) titles—coveted crowns that represent the fastest times on specific segments. Peruse the Strava subreddit for a few minutes, and you'll be sure to see grievances about leaderboard cheaters. Strava's latest update is designed to identify and flag "irregular, improbable, or impossible" performance recorded on the platform. The system acts as a digital referee, capable of detecting when an impossibly fast e-bike ride has been mislabeled as a regular cycling effort, then politely prompting users to correct their entries.The technology goes beyond simple speed checks. Strava revealed in February that its machine learning system analyzes activities using 57 different factors, including speed patterns, elevation gains, and acceleration data, to determine when something doesn't add up. The result of this crackdown? Strava has already removed 4.45 million activities from its platform. The deleted activities generally fall into two main categories: entries uploaded with the wrong sport type (like labeling an e-bike ride as regular cycling) and activities recorded while in a vehicle. To be fair, the latter category likely includes everything from users forgetting to stop their tracking while driving home, to more deliberate attempts to game the system by recording car or train journeys as part of legitimate running segments.How Strava users are reactingThe fitness community's reaction to Strava's cheater detection has been characteristically split. Serious athletes and segment hunters generally applaud the stricter measures—after all, leaderboard integrity is what makes the app's competitive element at all meaningful. If the numbers are fraud, what's the point?However, some users worry about false positives—that is, legitimate exceptional performances getting flagged by overzealous algorithms. And the AI is overzealous: Some users have commented that their personal records are being deleted without any sort of prompt or ability to dispute the AI's findings. If you're a serious athlete, seeing your genuinely impressive times being questioned by an automated system that might not account for peak human performance is naturally going to rankle.Outside of leaderboard integrity, Strava's AI initiatives are generally overzealous and inaccurate. I'm not alone in noticing how absurd its new route generation can get. I'm talking routes with concentric loops, cutting through buildings, major roads instead of residential paths, and other issues that will make no sense to a real human moving through the world. Given the immense heat map data that we've all effectively donated to Strava, to be given such shoddy AI-generated routes is fairly bonkers, and it's hardly surprising that its cheat-detecting tools would also be less than precise.The bottom lineControversy aside, Strava's competitive features should be more about personal motivation than serious competition. If cheater detection is ruining your experience, I recommend some perspective. Try not to let it spoil what should be a fun, social fitness experience—especially given the AI tools don't (yet) seem accurate enough to reflect reality.But with 4.45 million activities already in the digital trash bin, Strava's message is clear: The days of easily gaming the leaderboards are over. Of course, as fitness tracking technology continues to evolve, so too will the methods people use to fool the system. Hopefully Strava stays one step ahead of creative rule-benders.

You cross the finish line after what feels like a perfect 10-mile run and your watch beeps triumphantly, displaying that beautiful round number: 10.00 miles. You're already composing your social media post in your head. Then you upload to Strava and—betrayal. Your activity shows 9.99 miles. It might seem like a bug, but as Strava explains, it's very much by design.Welcome to the "Strava Tax," the phenomenon that has spawned memes, advice, and probably a few extra loops around parking lots as runners desperately try to hit that magical round number.What's really happening when Strava rounds down?The Strava Tax isn't actually Strava being petty or skimming distance off your achievements. It's more of a collision between mathematical precision and the messy reality of how different devices handle GPS data.Here's the thing: when your watch displays 10.00 miles, that's often not what it actually recorded. The raw GPS data might show 9.993 miles, 9.996 miles, or 10.001 miles. Your watch rounds this to a nice, clean 10.00 for display purposes—because who wants to see 9.99634 miles on their wrist?So your watch and apps don't just display raw GPS data—they "improve" it. They smooth out GPS wobbles, correct for obvious errors, and sometimes add their own interpretations of where you actually went. Your Garmin might think you ran through that building (especially as AI maps take over), while your phone's GPS smooths your route to follow the sidewalk.Different manufacturers handle this data inconsistency in different ways. Even devices from the same manufacturer can display identical GPS data differently, depending on the model, firmware version, or even the specific algorithms running on each device. Some devices will show 1.00 km as soon as you hit 991 meters (0.991 km), while others wait until you actually complete a full kilometer. It's like having different definitions of what "close enough" means.Beyond that, mile definitions aren't actually universal. You'd think a mile is a mile, right? Not in the world of fitness devices. The precise definition is 1609.344 meters, but some devices use 1609 meters for simplicity. That small difference adds up over longer distances.But Strava takes a different approach. When displaying distances, Strava rounds down rather than using standard rounding rules. So that 9.993 miles becomes 9.99 miles on your activity page, not 10.00 miles.Why Strava rounds downStrava often sits in the middle of different manufacturers and devices. Imagine if Strava applied the same "enhancement" algorithms that your Garmin uses to data coming from an Apple Watch. The Apple data might get double-processed, potentially inflating distances. Or if it used Apple's data smoothing, it might actually reduce accuracy.Instead, Strava takes a conservative approach: it displays the data as close to raw as possible, using consistent rounding rules across all devices. This means sometimes your beautiful round numbers get truncated, but it also means a 10K from a Garmin is treated the same as a 10K from an Apple Watch.Zooming out, when it comes to fitness tracking, it's helpful to remember that the numbers we see are often more complicated than they appear. We all know GPS isn't perfect. Think about it: your device is trying to track your position using satellites 12,000+ miles above Earth. Trees, buildings, weather, and even solar activity can affect accuracy. How often to record points, how to connect the dots between points, how to filter out obvious errors, how to handle missing data—each manufacturer makes different choices. Strava's choice, in its own words, is to "err on the side of caution rather than let the accuracy of our records start to dilute."Tips to live with the Strava TaxAt the end of the day, there's a deeper reason why so many runners bond over Strava Tax memes. The Strava Tax taps into something more than just measurement accuracy—it hits our psychological relationship with round numbers. There's something deeply satisfying about completing exactly 10 miles, 5K, or 100 kilometers. These numbers feel complete, accomplished, worthy of celebration.When Strava displays 9.99 miles instead of 10.00, it doesn't just remove a hundredth of a mile—it removes the psychological satisfaction of hitting that milestone. It's the difference between "I ran 10 miles!" and "I ran...well, basically 10 miles."This is why you see runners doing extra loops around parking lots, cyclists riding circles in their driveways, and forum threads debating whether 9.99 miles "counts" as a 10-mile run. It's not really about the 0.01 miles—it's about the story we tell ourselves and others about our achievements.So what's a data-obsessed athlete to do? A few strategies:Embrace the range: Instead of fixating on hitting exactly 10.00 miles, think in ranges. A 9.98-10.02 mile run is essentially the same thing—you ran about 10 miles.Know your device: Learn how your specific watch or phone handles distance calculation. Some devices let you calibrate distance measurements or choose different GPS settings that might be more or less aggressive in their processing.Focus on trends: Day-to-day variations in distance measurement matter less than long-term trends. Are you running farther this month than last month? That's more meaningful than whether Tuesday's run was 5.99 or 6.01 miles.Plan ahead: If hitting exact distances is important to you, plan routes that give you a small buffer. Aim for 10.1 miles if you want to ensure you hit at least 10.0 on Strava.The Strava Tax might be annoying, but every time you glance at your watch and see a distance, remember: there's a satellite constellation, multiple algorithms, and several companies' worth of engineering decisions all working together to give you that number. And sometimes, despite all that technology, you still end up with 9.99 miles. But hey—you still ran the distance. The GPS satellites aren't judging you, and neither should you.

Navigating city streets by bicycle is an experience that blends independence, speed, and a closer connection to your surroundings. Yet, cycling in the urban landscape also means dealing with shifting weather, crowded roads, and the need to carry essentials in a way that doesn’t slow you down. Every ride calls for a careful balance of safety and convenience—whether you’re commuting to work, running errands, or simply exploring the city’s neighborhoods. Urban cyclists know that the right accessories can make all the difference. A secure lock offers peace of mind at every stop, while smart lights and protective gear boost visibility and confidence among traffic. The challenge of unpredictable rain or the need to carry bulky items can turn a simple trip into a logistical headache without the right solutions. Today’s innovative cycling accessories are designed to meet these demands, combining clever engineering with practical features to support every aspect of city riding. We have curated ten excellent products designed for cyclists who want to ride smarter, safer, and more comfortably in the city. 1. Omnilock The Omnilock is a three-in-one accessory that acts as a heavy-duty bike lock, a bright taillight, and a portable tire inflator. Its integrated design means fewer separate gadgets to carry, making commuting more streamlined and convenient. The taillight increases visibility in low light, while the lock’s sturdy construction helps keep your bike secure at public racks or in urban parking spots. Urban cyclists benefit from knowing they have essential safety and emergency features always at hand. The tire inflator is built directly into the device, so unexpected flats can be handled on the go. Combining these tools into one compact accessory saves space in your bag and reduces the risk of forgetting a critical item during busy daily routines. What we like Combines lock, light, and inflator. Improves night visibility and security. What we dislike Heavier than standard locks. Not as compact as basic alternatives. 2. Sherman Bike Backpack This bike backpack features a flexible tri-fold design with open sides, allowing you to carry large or irregularly shaped objects, like spare tires or boxes, that wouldn’t fit in traditional bags. Adjustable straps help secure oversized items, and the backpack adapts to different cargo shapes, making it ideal for city errands or racing support. It is great for urban cyclists, as it offers the freedom to carry whatever the day demands, from groceries and packages to cycling essentials. Its adaptable structure means fewer limitations, supporting spontaneous trips and unexpected needs. The open sides add versatility, while the overall design keeps your load steady and easy to manage on busy city streets. What we like Fits oversized and odd-shaped items. Adjustable, adaptable design. What we dislike Less protection from rain or dust. It can be awkward with heavy loads. 3. BellBeats BellBeats is a digital bike bell that doubles as a Bluetooth speaker, mounting easily to your handlebars. It delivers clear, customizable alert tones for safety and can stream music, navigation, or calls from your phone. Its compact design keeps your cockpit tidy, while the rechargeable battery ensures consistent performance on daily rides. BellBeats makes it easy for cyclists to alert pedestrians and vehicles, even in noisy city environments. The ability to switch between bell functions and speaker mode adds convenience, letting you stay aware of traffic or enjoy entertainment without removing your hands from the bars. It’s a smart solution for both safety and enjoyment in the city. What we like Dual function as a bell and a speaker. Customizable tones for alerts. What we dislike Needs regular charging. Music quality is basic. 4. vabsRider Bicycle Saddle The vabsRider saddle features a split, movable seat design that adapts to your pedaling motion. This dynamic movement reduces pressure on sensitive areas and aims to prevent soreness, allowing for longer, more comfortable rides. The saddle’s engineering helps distribute weight more evenly, supporting healthy posture and reducing fatigue. Urban cyclists are offered increased comfort, especially on longer commutes or frequent rides. The unique design helps alleviate the discomfort that can come from traditional saddles, making daily cycling a more inviting option. With less pain and better support, city riders can focus on navigating traffic and enjoying their journey. What we like Reduces pressure and soreness. Moves with the rider for comfort. What we dislike Unusual feel at first use. May not fit all seat posts. 5. Flitedeck Flitedeck is a carbon fiber smart handlebar that integrates a touchscreen, built-in headlight, and wireless connectivity (Bluetooth, ANT+, WiFi, 5G) into one cockpit. The system provides instant access to navigation, performance data, and lighting, all without cluttering the handlebars with separate devices. Its carbon construction keeps it lightweight and sleek. It is important for cyclists to have all essential controls and information in one place since it increases both safety and convenience. This integration helps reduce distractions, letting you focus on the road. Real-time data and built-in lighting make city rides easier to manage, especially when navigating unpredictable traffic or dimly lit streets. What we like Integrated touchscreen, lights, and connectivity. Streamlined, lightweight design. What we dislike Heavier than non-digital bars. Advanced setup required. 6. STAN Airbag The STAN Airbag backpack deploys an airbag in 0.1 seconds during a crash, protecting your head, neck, chest, and back. The backpack includes an integrated back protector, offering added safety even without airbag deployment. The system is rechargeable and designed for everyday use, making it a practical upgrade for regular city cycling. For urban cyclists, this backpack brings peace of mind on unpredictable streets. The rapid-deploy airbag provides an extra layer of safety beyond a helmet, while the back protector helps shield against impacts. It’s a valuable choice for riders who prioritize safety on busy or high-risk commutes. What we like Fast-deploying airbag protection. Extra back protection is built in. What we dislike Heavier than standard backpacks. Needs regular charging and checks. 7. Soft Top Cover The Soft Top Cover is a bike-mounted rain and wind shield that attaches quickly to most handlebars. It keeps your upper body, legs, and shoes dry without the need for rain gear. The cover tracks with your steering, is lightweight, and can be easily installed or removed for convenience. Urban cyclists benefit by staying dry and visible in wet weather, turning rainy commutes into manageable rides. The cover’s design is streamlined to reduce wind resistance, and its compactness allows easy storage when not in use. It eliminates the hassle of changing clothes or carrying extra rain gear for city trips. What we like Full-body rain and wind protection. Easy installation and removal. What we dislike Not as compact as a poncho. It can be awkward in strong crosswinds. 8. Aerohead II Helmet The Aerohead II Helmet stands out with its aerodynamic, elongated shape and full wraparound visor. Its design reduces wind resistance and protects your eyes from the sun, dust, and debris. The helmet meets strict safety standards and is built for both speed and protection, with ample internal padding for comfort. Urban cyclists gain the advantage of improved safety and efficiency, particularly on fast commutes or when sharing busy roads with vehicles. The extended visor enhances field of vision and shields you from the elements, while the helmet’s streamlined profile helps reduce drag, even in stop-and-go city traffic. What we like Aerodynamic and protective design. Extended visor for sun and debris. What we dislike Bulky for casual use. A distinctive look may not suit everyone. 9. AirBell The AirBell is a discreet bicycle bell that doubles as an anti-theft device by hiding an Apple AirTag inside. Its universal design fits standard handlebars and is easy to install, requiring just a single screw. The bell itself is made from aluminum for a classic, clear ring, while the rugged clamp uses fiber-reinforced plastic for added durability. The hidden compartment keeps your AirTag out of sight, adding a layer of security without drawing attention. The AirBell offers peace of mind and real-time tracking to cyclists, making it easier to locate your bike if it’s lost or stolen in a crowded city. The ability to use Apple’s Find My network gives riders a modern solution to bike theft, all while maintaining the bell’s core function for safety. The compact, affordable design makes it a practical upgrade for anyone who wants to protect their ride without extra bulk. What we like Discreet AirTag holder for tracking. Simple installation and universal fit. What we dislike Only works with Apple AirTag. Bell sound may be quieter than larger bells. 10. The LIVALL LTSW21 The LIVALL LTS21 wireless earphones are purpose-built for cyclists, featuring an open-ear design that preserves situational awareness while you ride. Unlike traditional earbuds, the LTS21 can be used with most cycling helmets thanks to modular attachments, including a secure sports band and a unique helmet bracket that mounts the earphones directly to your helmet. This setup ensures the earphones stay in place whether you’re riding, running, or working out. It offers urban cyclists the ability to listen to music, podcasts, or take calls without blocking out essential city sounds like car horns, traffic, or warnings from other riders. The open-ear design prioritizes safety, while the hands-free features support convenient communication on the go. Riders can interact with voice assistants and remain connected, all without compromising awareness on busy city streets. What we like Open-ear design maintains situational awareness. Helmet-friendly mounting for secure use. What we dislike Audio quality may not match in-ear earbuds. Open design may let in wind noise at high speeds. The post 10 Best Bike Gear For Urban Cyclists To Boost Safety & Convenience first appeared on Yanko Design.

The new ES90 electric car is the flagship of Volvo's latest digital safety tech.TT News Agency/AFP via Getty Images For decades, the Volvo brand has been synonymous with safety. But keeping passengers secure is no longer just about a strong cabin or cleverly designed crumple zones. Increasingly, safety is about semi-autonomous driving technology that can mitigate collisions or even avoid them entirely. Volvo intends to be ahead of the game in this era too. Its secret weapon? Something called “Gaussian Splatting”. I asked Volvo’s Head of Software Engineering Alwin Bakkenes and subsidiary Zenseact’s VP Product Erik Coelingh exactly what this is and why it’s so important. Volvo: Early Application Of Safety Data “We have a long history of innovations based on data,” says Bakkenes. “The accident research team from the 70s started with measuring tapes. Now in the digital world we’re collecting millions of real-life events. That data has helped us over the years to develop a three-point safety belt and the whiplash protection system. Now, we can see from the data we collect from fleets that a very large portion of serious accidents happen in the dark on country roads where vulnerable road users are involved. That’s why, with the ES90 that we just launched, we are also introducing a function called lighter AES where we have enabled the car to steer away from pedestrians walking on the side of the road or cyclists, which in the dark you can’t see even if you have your high beam on. This technology picks that up earlier than a human driver.” The Volvo EX90 SUV will also benefit from this technology. Volvo Cars uses AI and virtual worlds with the aim to create safer carsVolvo “If you want to lead in collision avoidance and self-driving, you need to have the best possible data from the real world,” adds Bakkenes. “But everyone is looking also at augmenting that with simulated data. The next step is fast automation, so we’re using state-of-the-art end-to-end models to achieve speed in iterations. But sometimes these models hallucinate. To avoid that, we use our 98 years of safety experience and these millions of data points as guardrails to make sure that the car behaves well because we believe that when you start to automate it needs to be trusted. For us every kilometer driven with Pilot Assist or Pilot Assist Plus needs to be safer than when you've driven it yourself. In the world of AI data is king. We use Gaussian Splatting to enhance our data set.” What Is Volvo’s Gaussian Splatting? “Cars are driven all around the world in different weather and traffic conditions by different people,” says Coelingh. “The variation is huge. We collect millions of data points, but it’s still a limited amount compared to reality. Gaussian Splatting is a new technology that some of our PhD students have been developing the last few years into a system where you can take a single data point from the real world where you have all the sensor, camera, radar and LIDAR sequences and then blow it up into thousands or tens of thousands of different scenarios. In that way, you can get a much better representation of the real world because we can test our software against this huge variation. If you do it in software, you can test much faster, so then you can iterate your software much more quickly and improve our product.” “Gaussian Splatting is used in different areas of AI,” continues Coelingh. “It comes from the neural radiance fields (NeRFs).” The original version worked with static images. “The first academic paper was about a drum kit where somebody took still pictures from different angles and then the neural net was trained on those pictures to create a 3D model. It looked perfect from any angle even though there was only a limited set of pictures available. Later that technology was expanded from 3D to 4D space-time, so you could also do it on the video set. We now do this not just with video data, but also with LiDAR and radar data.” A real-world event can be recreated from every angle. “We can start to manipulate other road users in this scenario. We can manipulate real world scenarios and do different simulations around this to make sure that our system is robust to variations.”Gaussian Splatting allows multiple scenario variations to be created from one real event.Volvo Volvo uses this system particularly to explore how small adjustments could prevent accidents. “Most of the work that we do is not about the crash itself,” says Coelingh. “It’s much more about what's happening 4-5 seconds before the crash or potential crash. The data we probe is from crashes, but it's also from events where our systems already did an intervention and in many cases those interventions come in time to prevent an accident and in some cases they come late and we only mitigated it. But all these scenarios are relevant because they happen in the real world, and they are types of edge case. These are rare, but through this technology of Gaussian Splatting, we can go from a few edge cases to suddenly many different edge cases and thereby test our system against those in a way that we previously could not.” Volvo’s Global Safety Focus This is increasingly important for addressing the huge variation in global driving habits and conditions a safety system will be expected to encounter. “Neural Nets are good at learning these types of patterns,” says Coelingh. “Humans can see that because of the behavior of a car the driver is talking into their phone, either slowing down or wiggling in the lane. If you have an end-to-end neural network using representations from camera images, LiDAR and radar, it will anticipate those kinds of things. We are probing data from cars all around the world where Volvo Cars are being driven.” The system acts preemptively, so it can perform a safety maneuver for example when a pedestrian appears suddenly in the path of the vehicle. “You have no time to react,” says Coelingh. Volvo’s safety system will be ready, however. “Even before that, the car already detects free space. It can do an auto steer and it’s a very small correction. It doesn't steer you out of lane. It doesn't jerk you around. It slows down a little bit and it does the correction. It's undramatic, but the impact is massive. Oncoming collisions are incredibly severe. Small adjustments can have big benefits.”Volvo's safety tech can detect pedestrians the human driver may not have seen.Volvo Volvo has developed one software platform to cover both safety and autonomy. “The software stack that we develop is being used in different ways,” says Coelingh. “We want the driver to drive manually undisturbed unless there’s a critical situation. Then we try to assist in the best possible way to avoid collision, either by warning, steering, auto braking or a combination of those. Then we also do cruising or L2 automation.” Volvo demonstrated how it has been using Gaussian Splatting at NVIDIA’s GTC in April. “We went deeply into the safe automation concept,” says Bakkenes. “Neural nets are good at picking up things that you can’t do in a rule-based system. We're developing one stack based on good fleet data which has end-to-end algorithms to achieve massive performance, and it has guard rails to make sure we manage hallucinations. It's not like we have a collision avoidance stack and then we have self-driving stack.” “There was a conscious decision that if we improve performance, then we want the benefits of that to be both for collision avoidance in manual driving and for self-driving,” says Coelingh. “We build everything from the same stack, but the stack itself is scalable. It’s one big neural network that we can train. But then there are parts that we can deploy separately to go from our core premium ADAS system all the way to a system that can do unsupervised automation. Volvo’s purpose is to get to zero collisions, saving lives. We use AI and all our energy to get there.”