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2025-05-20 14:46:18 -

How To Take Down The Powerful Mizutsune In Monster Hunter Wilds

BySamuel MorenoPublished5 minutes agoWe may earn a commission from links on this page.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuJump ToMonster Hunter Wilds’ first title update introduced a lot of new content, but a standout addition is Mizutsune. This serpentine behemoth is a one-of-a-kind threat packed with unique mechanics and an aggressive attitude. The Tempered version takes it to another level and is considered by many to be stronger than anything encountered in the campaign or after. No matter which variant you’re having trouble with, we can help you beat this frothy threat.Suggested ReadingThe 3 Best And 3 Worst Korok Challenges In Tears Of The Kingdom

Share SubtitlesOffEnglishview videoSuggested ReadingThe 3 Best And 3 Worst Korok Challenges In Tears Of The Kingdom

Share SubtitlesOffEnglishYou’ll first take on a Mizutsune in the “Spirit in the Moonlight” side mission. The only requirements are being at Hunter Rank 21 and having already completed the “Fishing: Life, In Microcosm” side mission for Kanya. Once you’ve hunted the monster down one time, it will start spawning in both the Scarlet Forest and Ruins of Wyveria.Tempered Mizutsune can spawn in these same areas, albeit only once you’ve leveled up more and at least reached chapter six of the main quest line. I can say from personal experience that the Tempered version spawned more often during a Fallow season or an Inclemency. Feel free to use the Rest function a couple of times to make it show up.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuMizutsune’s most distinctive aspect are its bubbles, which are dispersed during many of its attacks. Getting hit by most of these will inflict you with the unique Bubbleblight ailment. This ailment is split into a minor and a major stage. Minor Bubbleblight isn’t too bad, as it’s a buff that enhances your evasion. Getting hit with another bubble will change it to the more frustrating Major Bubbleblight, which causes you to slip while running and be sent farther away by large attacks or explosions.A Nulberry is unfortunately not able to cure this status ailment, although they’re still worth bringing since Mizutsune can additionally inflict both Waterblight and Fireblight. The quickest way to cure Bubbleblight is to use a Cleanser. Alternatively, if you have fought this monster before and are just farming, equipping Mizutsune-forged armor is a big help. Its Bubbly Dance skill will prevent Major Bubbleblight so that you can focus more on dealing damage. If you don’t have the armor or run out of Cleanser, your next best bet is waiting 30 seconds for it to disappear.Some bubbles apply different effects, which makes things more complicated. Thankfully, they’re color-coded; however, you’ll still need to be quick on your feet when they’re coming right at you. Here are the different-colored bubbles and what they do:Clear: Deals damage and inflicts BubbleblightGreen: Provides healing and inflicts BubbleblightRed: Provides a temporary attack boost and inflicts BubbleblightFiery Blue: Deals damage and inflicts FireblightTrying to dodge these bubbles isn’t always the best use of your time. Both Slinger ammo and attacks from your weapon can pop them, although slower melee weapons can require precise timing. Using ranged weapons like Heavy or Light Bowguns is a lot more convenient.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuMizutsune is a highly mobile monster that can hit hard and use its water-based attacks to trigger a variety of status ailments. Start your hunts with the following weaknesses in mind because you’ll want to take advantage of them:Elemental Weaknesses: Thunder, DragonWeapon Type Weaknesses: Cut, BluntBreakable Parts: Head x2, Claws x2, Tail, Dorsal FinWeak Point: MouthSusceptible Status Ailments: Blastblight, Exhaust, Paralysis, Poison, Sleep, StunScreenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuEven though you can tackle this thing as early as Hunter Rank 21, I suggest holding off for a bit. Mizutsune dishes out massive damage that can be mitigated with better armor and weapons. Wait until you’ve finished chapter five and can farm Gore Magala hunts. Weapons crafted from Gore Magala parts dish out Dragon element damage, while its armor offers great Water resistance. These are huge advantages to have when fighting this creature.Any weapon type can work, but slower ones will feel extra cumbersome against Mizutsune. Between the erratic movements and seemingly endless bubbles, it’s convenient to have quicker weapons like Dual Blades or Sword and Shield. Their multi-hitting nature will help with applying elemental damage as well. I advise pinning it down using traps and different ailments if you’re still having trouble landing hits.You should also watch out for its Waterblight-inflicting jet stream attacks. Mizutsune has a handful of moves that involve vertical or horizontal sweeping water beams. Thankfully, they’re easily telegraphed and have small hitboxes. Make sure to exploit Mizutsune’s long recovery periods after using these attacks.Mizutsune’s long-reaching tail attacks are another notable characteristic. The most deadly of these are the tail slams, which come out fast and can take out all of your health if your defense is low. There is a backflip variant to hit anyone behind and another where it twists its body in the air to slam those in front. I’ve seen the latter countered with an Offset Attack, but dodging it is the less risky solution.All of the above is amplified when the monster enters its unique enraged state. Breaking its head will enable it to transition into a powered-up mode akin to Soulseer Mizutsune from prior entries, complete with blue fire flaring from its left eye. Mizutsune will start shooting fire-covered bubbles in addition to using attacks more rapidly and aggressively when this state is triggered. While you can try to avoid this by not breaking the head, the trade-off is that you’ll be inflicting less damage. The one positive to this enraged state is that it will tire quicker and eventually become exhausted. That’s your cue to start dealing as much damage as possible.Don’t feel bad if these hunts leave you frustrated. There is a lot to keep track of with little time for reaction. Tempered Mizutsune is even more challenging and might just be the toughest fight in Monster Hunter Wilds yet. Still, everything we’ve mentioned will apply all the same. Memorizing which animations initiate which attacks will go a long way. Otherwise, bring your best gear, outfit them with appropriate decorations, and carry the Armorcharm and Powercharm items for good measure.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuNothing makes a tough fight feel worth it more than some good loot. Flipping through the monster’s Detailed Info tabs will break down all the various drop rates for the end of a hunt, destroyed wounds, and body part carvings. It’s a lot to take in, but worth perusing to narrow down what parts you need. I’ve provided a simple list of the attainable Mizutsune materials below that’s sorted by the overall drop frequency, with the most common parts at the top.Mizutsune Fin+Mizutsune Claw+Mizutsune Purplefur+Mizutsune TailMizutsune Scale+Bubblefoam+Mizutsune Certificate SMizutsune Water Orb The community’s pleas for harder hunts certainly seem to have been heard. With the addition of Arch-Tempered monsters on the horizon, I can imagine these are only going to get tougher..
#how #take #down #powerful #mizutsune

How To Take Down The Powerful Mizutsune In Monster Hunter Wilds

BySamuel MorenoPublished5 minutes agoWe may earn a commission from links on this page.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuJump ToMonster Hunter Wilds’ first title update introduced a lot of new content, but a standout addition is Mizutsune. This serpentine behemoth is a one-of-a-kind threat packed with unique mechanics and an aggressive attitude. The Tempered version takes it to another level and is considered by many to be stronger than anything encountered in the campaign or after. No matter which variant you’re having trouble with, we can help you beat this frothy threat.Suggested ReadingThe 3 Best And 3 Worst Korok Challenges In Tears Of The Kingdom Share SubtitlesOffEnglishview videoSuggested ReadingThe 3 Best And 3 Worst Korok Challenges In Tears Of The Kingdom Share SubtitlesOffEnglishYou’ll first take on a Mizutsune in the “Spirit in the Moonlight” side mission. The only requirements are being at Hunter Rank 21 and having already completed the “Fishing: Life, In Microcosm” side mission for Kanya. Once you’ve hunted the monster down one time, it will start spawning in both the Scarlet Forest and Ruins of Wyveria.Tempered Mizutsune can spawn in these same areas, albeit only once you’ve leveled up more and at least reached chapter six of the main quest line. I can say from personal experience that the Tempered version spawned more often during a Fallow season or an Inclemency. Feel free to use the Rest function a couple of times to make it show up.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuMizutsune’s most distinctive aspect are its bubbles, which are dispersed during many of its attacks. Getting hit by most of these will inflict you with the unique Bubbleblight ailment. This ailment is split into a minor and a major stage. Minor Bubbleblight isn’t too bad, as it’s a buff that enhances your evasion. Getting hit with another bubble will change it to the more frustrating Major Bubbleblight, which causes you to slip while running and be sent farther away by large attacks or explosions.A Nulberry is unfortunately not able to cure this status ailment, although they’re still worth bringing since Mizutsune can additionally inflict both Waterblight and Fireblight. The quickest way to cure Bubbleblight is to use a Cleanser. Alternatively, if you have fought this monster before and are just farming, equipping Mizutsune-forged armor is a big help. Its Bubbly Dance skill will prevent Major Bubbleblight so that you can focus more on dealing damage. If you don’t have the armor or run out of Cleanser, your next best bet is waiting 30 seconds for it to disappear.Some bubbles apply different effects, which makes things more complicated. Thankfully, they’re color-coded; however, you’ll still need to be quick on your feet when they’re coming right at you. Here are the different-colored bubbles and what they do:Clear: Deals damage and inflicts BubbleblightGreen: Provides healing and inflicts BubbleblightRed: Provides a temporary attack boost and inflicts BubbleblightFiery Blue: Deals damage and inflicts FireblightTrying to dodge these bubbles isn’t always the best use of your time. Both Slinger ammo and attacks from your weapon can pop them, although slower melee weapons can require precise timing. Using ranged weapons like Heavy or Light Bowguns is a lot more convenient.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuMizutsune is a highly mobile monster that can hit hard and use its water-based attacks to trigger a variety of status ailments. Start your hunts with the following weaknesses in mind because you’ll want to take advantage of them:Elemental Weaknesses: Thunder, DragonWeapon Type Weaknesses: Cut, BluntBreakable Parts: Head x2, Claws x2, Tail, Dorsal FinWeak Point: MouthSusceptible Status Ailments: Blastblight, Exhaust, Paralysis, Poison, Sleep, StunScreenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuEven though you can tackle this thing as early as Hunter Rank 21, I suggest holding off for a bit. Mizutsune dishes out massive damage that can be mitigated with better armor and weapons. Wait until you’ve finished chapter five and can farm Gore Magala hunts. Weapons crafted from Gore Magala parts dish out Dragon element damage, while its armor offers great Water resistance. These are huge advantages to have when fighting this creature.Any weapon type can work, but slower ones will feel extra cumbersome against Mizutsune. Between the erratic movements and seemingly endless bubbles, it’s convenient to have quicker weapons like Dual Blades or Sword and Shield. Their multi-hitting nature will help with applying elemental damage as well. I advise pinning it down using traps and different ailments if you’re still having trouble landing hits.You should also watch out for its Waterblight-inflicting jet stream attacks. Mizutsune has a handful of moves that involve vertical or horizontal sweeping water beams. Thankfully, they’re easily telegraphed and have small hitboxes. Make sure to exploit Mizutsune’s long recovery periods after using these attacks.Mizutsune’s long-reaching tail attacks are another notable characteristic. The most deadly of these are the tail slams, which come out fast and can take out all of your health if your defense is low. There is a backflip variant to hit anyone behind and another where it twists its body in the air to slam those in front. I’ve seen the latter countered with an Offset Attack, but dodging it is the less risky solution.All of the above is amplified when the monster enters its unique enraged state. Breaking its head will enable it to transition into a powered-up mode akin to Soulseer Mizutsune from prior entries, complete with blue fire flaring from its left eye. Mizutsune will start shooting fire-covered bubbles in addition to using attacks more rapidly and aggressively when this state is triggered. While you can try to avoid this by not breaking the head, the trade-off is that you’ll be inflicting less damage. The one positive to this enraged state is that it will tire quicker and eventually become exhausted. That’s your cue to start dealing as much damage as possible.Don’t feel bad if these hunts leave you frustrated. There is a lot to keep track of with little time for reaction. Tempered Mizutsune is even more challenging and might just be the toughest fight in Monster Hunter Wilds yet. Still, everything we’ve mentioned will apply all the same. Memorizing which animations initiate which attacks will go a long way. Otherwise, bring your best gear, outfit them with appropriate decorations, and carry the Armorcharm and Powercharm items for good measure.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuNothing makes a tough fight feel worth it more than some good loot. Flipping through the monster’s Detailed Info tabs will break down all the various drop rates for the end of a hunt, destroyed wounds, and body part carvings. It’s a lot to take in, but worth perusing to narrow down what parts you need. I’ve provided a simple list of the attainable Mizutsune materials below that’s sorted by the overall drop frequency, with the most common parts at the top.Mizutsune Fin+Mizutsune Claw+Mizutsune Purplefur+Mizutsune TailMizutsune Scale+Bubblefoam+Mizutsune Certificate SMizutsune Water Orb The community’s pleas for harder hunts certainly seem to have been heard. With the addition of Arch-Tempered monsters on the horizon, I can imagine these are only going to get tougher.. #how #take #down #powerful #mizutsune

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How To Take Down The Powerful Mizutsune In Monster Hunter Wilds

BySamuel MorenoPublished5 minutes agoWe may earn a commission from links on this page.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuJump ToMonster Hunter Wilds’ first title update introduced a lot of new content, but a standout addition is Mizutsune. This serpentine behemoth is a one-of-a-kind threat packed with unique mechanics and an aggressive attitude. The Tempered version takes it to another level and is considered by many to be stronger than anything encountered in the campaign or after. No matter which variant you’re having trouble with, we can help you beat this frothy threat.Suggested ReadingThe 3 Best And 3 Worst Korok Challenges In Tears Of The Kingdom Share SubtitlesOffEnglishview videoSuggested ReadingThe 3 Best And 3 Worst Korok Challenges In Tears Of The Kingdom Share SubtitlesOffEnglishYou’ll first take on a Mizutsune in the “Spirit in the Moonlight” side mission. The only requirements are being at Hunter Rank 21 and having already completed the “Fishing: Life, In Microcosm” side mission for Kanya. Once you’ve hunted the monster down one time, it will start spawning in both the Scarlet Forest and Ruins of Wyveria.Tempered Mizutsune can spawn in these same areas, albeit only once you’ve leveled up more and at least reached chapter six of the main quest line. I can say from personal experience that the Tempered version spawned more often during a Fallow season or an Inclemency. Feel free to use the Rest function a couple of times to make it show up.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuMizutsune’s most distinctive aspect are its bubbles, which are dispersed during many of its attacks. Getting hit by most of these will inflict you with the unique Bubbleblight ailment. This ailment is split into a minor and a major stage. Minor Bubbleblight isn’t too bad, as it’s a buff that enhances your evasion. Getting hit with another bubble will change it to the more frustrating Major Bubbleblight, which causes you to slip while running and be sent farther away by large attacks or explosions.A Nulberry is unfortunately not able to cure this status ailment, although they’re still worth bringing since Mizutsune can additionally inflict both Waterblight and Fireblight. The quickest way to cure Bubbleblight is to use a Cleanser. Alternatively, if you have fought this monster before and are just farming, equipping Mizutsune-forged armor is a big help. Its Bubbly Dance skill will prevent Major Bubbleblight so that you can focus more on dealing damage. If you don’t have the armor or run out of Cleanser, your next best bet is waiting 30 seconds for it to disappear.Some bubbles apply different effects, which makes things more complicated. Thankfully, they’re color-coded; however, you’ll still need to be quick on your feet when they’re coming right at you. Here are the different-colored bubbles and what they do:Clear: Deals damage and inflicts BubbleblightGreen: Provides healing and inflicts BubbleblightRed: Provides a temporary attack boost and inflicts BubbleblightFiery Blue: Deals damage and inflicts FireblightTrying to dodge these bubbles isn’t always the best use of your time. Both Slinger ammo and attacks from your weapon can pop them, although slower melee weapons can require precise timing. Using ranged weapons like Heavy or Light Bowguns is a lot more convenient.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuMizutsune is a highly mobile monster that can hit hard and use its water-based attacks to trigger a variety of status ailments. Start your hunts with the following weaknesses in mind because you’ll want to take advantage of them:Elemental Weaknesses: Thunder, DragonWeapon Type Weaknesses: Cut, BluntBreakable Parts: Head x2, Claws x2, Tail (can also be severed), Dorsal FinWeak Point: MouthSusceptible Status Ailments: Blastblight, Exhaust, Paralysis, Poison, Sleep, StunScreenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuEven though you can tackle this thing as early as Hunter Rank 21, I suggest holding off for a bit. Mizutsune dishes out massive damage that can be mitigated with better armor and weapons. Wait until you’ve finished chapter five and can farm Gore Magala hunts. Weapons crafted from Gore Magala parts dish out Dragon element damage, while its armor offers great Water resistance. These are huge advantages to have when fighting this creature.Any weapon type can work, but slower ones will feel extra cumbersome against Mizutsune. Between the erratic movements and seemingly endless bubbles, it’s convenient to have quicker weapons like Dual Blades or Sword and Shield. Their multi-hitting nature will help with applying elemental damage as well. I advise pinning it down using traps and different ailments if you’re still having trouble landing hits.You should also watch out for its Waterblight-inflicting jet stream attacks. Mizutsune has a handful of moves that involve vertical or horizontal sweeping water beams. Thankfully, they’re easily telegraphed and have small hitboxes. Make sure to exploit Mizutsune’s long recovery periods after using these attacks.Mizutsune’s long-reaching tail attacks are another notable characteristic. The most deadly of these are the tail slams, which come out fast and can take out all of your health if your defense is low. There is a backflip variant to hit anyone behind and another where it twists its body in the air to slam those in front. I’ve seen the latter countered with an Offset Attack, but dodging it is the less risky solution.All of the above is amplified when the monster enters its unique enraged state. Breaking its head will enable it to transition into a powered-up mode akin to Soulseer Mizutsune from prior entries, complete with blue fire flaring from its left eye. Mizutsune will start shooting fire-covered bubbles in addition to using attacks more rapidly and aggressively when this state is triggered. While you can try to avoid this by not breaking the head, the trade-off is that you’ll be inflicting less damage. The one positive to this enraged state is that it will tire quicker and eventually become exhausted. That’s your cue to start dealing as much damage as possible.Don’t feel bad if these hunts leave you frustrated. There is a lot to keep track of with little time for reaction. Tempered Mizutsune is even more challenging and might just be the toughest fight in Monster Hunter Wilds yet. Still, everything we’ve mentioned will apply all the same. Memorizing which animations initiate which attacks will go a long way. Otherwise, bring your best gear, outfit them with appropriate decorations, and carry the Armorcharm and Powercharm items for good measure.Screenshot: Capcom / Samuel Moreno / KotakuNothing makes a tough fight feel worth it more than some good loot. Flipping through the monster’s Detailed Info tabs will break down all the various drop rates for the end of a hunt, destroyed wounds, and body part carvings. It’s a lot to take in, but worth perusing to narrow down what parts you need. I’ve provided a simple list of the attainable Mizutsune materials below that’s sorted by the overall drop frequency, with the most common parts at the top.Mizutsune Fin+ (100% chance for breaking the Head or Dorsal Fin)Mizutsune Claw+ (100% chance for breaking either Claw)Mizutsune Purplefur+ (100% chance for breaking the Tail)Mizutsune TailMizutsune Scale+Bubblefoam+Mizutsune Certificate SMizutsune Water Orb The community’s pleas for harder hunts certainly seem to have been heard. With the addition of Arch-Tempered monsters on the horizon, I can imagine these are only going to get tougher..

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2025-05-13 14:55:01 -

#333;">First Ever Pregnant Ichthyosaur from the Early Cretaceous Reveals Life in Prehistoric Seas

During an excavation, amidst the Patagonian winds and hard rock, a fossil began to turn green.
It was an unexpected reaction: the adhesive applied to protect the bones, fragile after millions of years beneath the ice, had interacted with plant matter trapped in the rock’s cracks.
This greenish hue earned the fossil the nickname Fiona, like the ogre from Shrek.But Fionais much more than a ogre-themed name.
It is the first complete ichthyosaur ever excavated in Chile and, even more remarkably, the only known pregnant female from the Hauterivian — a stage of the Early Cretaceous dating back 131 million years.
Her skeleton, discovered at the edge of the Tyndall Glacier in Torres del Paine National Park — an area increasingly exposed by glacial retreat — belongs to the species Myobradypterygius hauthali, originally described in Argentina from fragmentary remains.The discovery, led by Judith Pardo-Pérez, a researcher at the University of Magallanes and the Cabo de Hornos International Center (CHIC), and published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, offers an unprecedented glimpse into ancient marine life — from how these majestic reptiles reproduced to how they adapted to oceans vastly different from those of today.An Ichthyosaur Maternity Ward in Patagonia(Image Courtesy of Irene Viscor)So far, 88 ichthyosaurs have been found on the Tyndall Glacier.
Most of them are adults and newborns.
Two key facts stand out: food was abundant, and no other predators were competing with them.Fiona, who measures nearly 13 feet long, is still encased in five blocks of rock.
Despite the challenge, she was transported to a local clinic, where CT scans allowed researchers to study her skull and body.
Her species was identified thanks to one of her fins.
“There’s no other like it in the world,” says Pardo-Pérez.
The limbs were remarkably elongated, suggesting this animal was built for long-distance swimming.Inside her, there were more surprises.
One of them was her stomach contents, which revealed what may have been her last meal: tiny fish vertebrae.
But the most striking find was a fetus, about 20 inches long, already in a position to be born.“We believe these animals came to Magallanes — the southern tip of Chilean Patagonia — from time to time to give birth, because it was a safe refuge,” Pardo-Pérez says.
“We don't know how long they stayed, but we do know that mortality was high during the first few days of life.”One of the big unanswered questions is where they went next, as there are no records of Myobradypterygius hauthali, apart from a piece of fin found in Argentina.
The most abundant remains come from southern Germany, but those date back to the Jurassic period, meaning they’re older.Palaeontologist Erin Maxwell suggests, “In many modern ecosystems, species migrate to higher latitudes during the summer to take advantage of seasonally abundant resources and then move to lower latitudes in winter to avoid harsh conditions,” she explains.
“We believe Mesozoic marine reptiles may have followed similar seasonal patterns.”Sea Dragon GraveyardThe environment where Fiona was discovered — dubbed the "sea dragon graveyard" — also has much to reveal.According to geologist Matthew Malkowski of the University of Texas at Austin, the Hauterivian age is particularly intriguing because it coincided with major planetary changes: the breakup of continents, intense volcanic episodes, and phenomena known as "oceanic anoxic events," during which vast areas of the ocean were depleted of dissolved oxygen for hundreds of thousands of years.One such poorly understood event, the Pharaonic Anoxic Event, occurred around 131 million years ago, near the end of the Hauterivian, and still raises questions about its true impact on marine life.
“We don't have a firm grasp of how significant these events were for marine vertebrates, and geological records like that of the Tyndall Glacier allow us to explore the relationship between life, the environment, and Earth’s past conditions,” Malkowski notes.Evolution of IchthyosaursReconstruction of Fiona.
(Image Courtesy of Mauricio Álvarez)Don't be misled by their body shape.
“Ichthyosaurs are not related to dolphins,” clarifies Pardo-Pérez.
Although their hydrodynamic silhouettes may look nearly identical, the former were marine reptiles, while the latter are mammals.
This resemblance results from a phenomenon known as convergent evolution: when species from different lineages develop similar anatomical features to adapt to the same environment.Ichthyosaurs evolved from terrestrial reptiles that, in response to ecological and climatic changes, began spending more time in the water until they fully adapted to a marine lifestyle.
However, they retained traces of their land-dwelling ancestry, such as a pair of hind flippers — absent in dolphins — passed down from their walking forebears.
They lived and thrived in prehistoric oceans for about 180 million years, giving them ample time to refine a highly specialized body: their forelimbs and hindlimbs transformed into flippers; they developed a crescent-shaped tail for propulsion, a dorsal fin for stability, and a streamlined body to reduce drag in the water.
Remarkably, like whales and dolphins, “ichthyosaurs had a thick layer of blubber as insulation to maintain a higher body temperature than the surrounding seawater and gave birth to live young, which meant they didn’t need to leave the water to reproduce,” explains Maxwell.Whales and dolphins also descend from land-dwelling ancestors, but their transition happened over a comparatively short evolutionary timespan, especially when measured against the long reign of the ichthyosaurs.
“Their evolution hasn't had as much time as that of ichthyosaurs,” notes Pardo-Pérez.
“And yet, they look so similar.
That’s the wonderful thing about evolution.”Read More: Did a Swimming Reptile Predate the Dinosaurs?Fossils on the Verge of DisappearanceOne of the key factors behind the remarkable preservation of the fossils found in the Tyndall Glacier is the way they were buried.
According to Malkowski, Fiona and her contemporaries were either trapped or swiftly covered by underwater landslides and turbidity currents — geological processes that led to their sudden entombment.But the good fortune that protected them for millions of years may now be running out.
As the glacier retreats, exposing fossils that were once unreachable, those same remains are now vulnerable to wind, rain, and freeze-thaw cycles, which crack the surrounding rock.
As vegetation takes hold, roots accelerate erosion and eventually conceal the fossils once again.“While climate change has allowed these fossils to be studied, continued warming will also eventually lead to their loss,” Maxwell warns.
In Fiona’s story, scientists find not only a record of ancient life, but also a warning etched in stone and bone: what time reveals, climate can reclaim.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards.
Review the sources used below for this article:María de los Ángeles Orfila is a science journalist based in Montevideo, Uruguay, focusing on long-form storytelling.
Her work has appeared in Discover Magazine, Science, National Geographic, among other outlets, and in leading Uruguayan publications such as El País and El Observador.
She was a fellow in the 2023 Sharon Dunwoody Mentoring Program by The Open Notebook and often explores the intersections of science, culture, and Latin American identity.

#666;">المصدر: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/first-ever-pregnant-ichthyosaur-from-the-early-cretaceous-reveals-life-in" style="color: #0066cc; text-decoration: none;">www.discovermagazine.com

#0066cc;">#first #ever #pregnant #ichthyosaur #from #the #early #cretaceous #reveals #life #prehistoric #seas #during #excavation #amidst #patagonian #winds #and #hard #rock #fossil #began #turn #greenit #was #unexpected #reaction #adhesive #applied #protect #bones #fragile #after #millions #years #beneath #ice #had #interacted #with #plant #matter #trapped #rocks #cracksthis #greenish #hue #earned #nickname #fiona #like #ogre #shrekbut #fionais #much #more #than #ogrethemed #nameit #complete #excavated #chile #even #remarkably #only #known #female #hauterivian #stage #dating #back #million #yearsher #skeleton #discovered #edge #tyndall #glacier #torres #del #paine #national #park #area #increasingly #exposed #glacial #retreat #belongs #species #myobradypterygius #hauthali #originally #described #argentina #fragmentary #remainsthe #discovery #led #judith #pardopérez #researcher #university #magallanes #cabo #hornos #international #center #chic #published #journal #vertebrate 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#safe #refuge #sayswe #don039t #know #stayed #but #that #mortality #high #few #days #lifeone #big #unanswered #questions #went #next #records #apart #piece #fin #argentinathe #remains #come #germany #date #jurassic #period #meaning #theyre #olderpalaeontologist #erin #maxwell #suggests #many #modern #ecosystems #migrate #higher #latitudes #summer #take #advantage #seasonally #resources #then #move #lower #winter #avoid #harsh #conditions #explainswe #mesozoic #followed #similar #seasonal #patternssea #dragon #graveyardthe #environment #dubbed #quotsea #graveyardquot #also #has #revealaccording #geologist #matthew #malkowski #texas #austin #age #particularly #intriguing #coincided #major #planetary #changes #breakup #continents #intense #volcanic #episodes #phenomena #quotoceanic #anoxic #eventsquot #vast #areas #ocean #depleted #dissolved #oxygen #hundreds #thousands #yearsone #such #poorly #understood #event #pharaonic #occurred #around #ago #near #end #raises #its #true #impact #lifewe #firm #grasp #significant #events #vertebrates #geological #allow #explore #relationship #between #earths #past #notesevolution #ichthyosaursreconstruction #fionaimage #mauricio #Álvarezdon039t #misled #their #body #shapeichthyosaurs #not #related #dolphins #clarifies #pardopérezalthough #hydrodynamic #silhouettes #look #identical #former #while #latter #mammalsthis #resemblance #results #phenomenon #convergent #evolution #when #lineages #develop #anatomical #features #adapt #same #environmentichthyosaurs #evolved #terrestrial #response #ecological #climatic #spending #water #until #fully #lifestylehowever #retained #traces #landdwelling #ancestry #pair #hind #flippers #absent #passed #down #walking #forebearsthey #lived #thrived #giving #ample #refine #highly #specialized #forelimbs #hindlimbs #transformed #developed #crescentshaped #tail #propulsion #dorsal #stability #streamlined #reduce #drag #waterremarkably #whales #thick #layer #blubber #insulation #maintain #temperature #surrounding #seawater #gave #live #young #meant #didnt #need #leave #reproduce #explains #maxwellwhales #descend #ancestors #transition #happened #over #comparatively #short #evolutionary #timespan #especially #measured #against #reign #ichthyosaurstheir #hasn039t #notes #pardopérezand #yet #similarthats #wonderful #thing #evolutionread #did #swimming #reptile #predate #dinosaursfossils #verge #disappearanceone #factors #behind #remarkable #preservation #fossils #way #buriedaccording #contemporaries #either #swiftly #covered #underwater #landslides #turbidity #currents #processes #sudden #entombmentbut #good #fortune #protected #now #running #outas #retreats #exposing #once #unreachable #vulnerable #wind #rain #freezethaw #cycles #crack #rockas #vegetation #takes #hold #roots #accelerate #erosion #eventually #conceal #againwhile #climate #change #studied #continued #warming #will #lead #loss #warnsin #fionas #story #scientists #record #warning #etched #stone #bone #can #reclaimarticle #sourcesour #writers #discovermagazinecom #use #peerreviewed #studies #highquality #sources #our #articles #editors #review #scientific #accuracy #editorial #standardsreview #used #below #articlemaría #los #Ángeles #orfila #science #journalist #based #montevideo #uruguay #focusing #longform #storytellingher #work #appeared #discover #magazine #geographic #among #outlets #leading #uruguayan #publications #país #observadorshe #fellow #sharon #dunwoody #mentoring #program #open #notebook #often #explores #intersections #culture #latin #american #identity

First Ever Pregnant Ichthyosaur from the Early Cretaceous Reveals Life in Prehistoric Seas

During an excavation, amidst the Patagonian winds and hard rock, a fossil began to turn green. It was an unexpected reaction: the adhesive applied to protect the bones, fragile after millions of years beneath the ice, had interacted with plant matter trapped in the rock’s cracks. This greenish hue earned the fossil the nickname Fiona, like the ogre from Shrek.But Fionais much more than a ogre-themed name. It is the first complete ichthyosaur ever excavated in Chile and, even more remarkably, the only known pregnant female from the Hauterivian — a stage of the Early Cretaceous dating back 131 million years. Her skeleton, discovered at the edge of the Tyndall Glacier in Torres del Paine National Park — an area increasingly exposed by glacial retreat — belongs to the species Myobradypterygius hauthali, originally described in Argentina from fragmentary remains.The discovery, led by Judith Pardo-Pérez, a researcher at the University of Magallanes and the Cabo de Hornos International Center (CHIC), and published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, offers an unprecedented glimpse into ancient marine life — from how these majestic reptiles reproduced to how they adapted to oceans vastly different from those of today.An Ichthyosaur Maternity Ward in Patagonia(Image Courtesy of Irene Viscor)So far, 88 ichthyosaurs have been found on the Tyndall Glacier. Most of them are adults and newborns. Two key facts stand out: food was abundant, and no other predators were competing with them.Fiona, who measures nearly 13 feet long, is still encased in five blocks of rock. Despite the challenge, she was transported to a local clinic, where CT scans allowed researchers to study her skull and body. Her species was identified thanks to one of her fins. “There’s no other like it in the world,” says Pardo-Pérez. The limbs were remarkably elongated, suggesting this animal was built for long-distance swimming.Inside her, there were more surprises. One of them was her stomach contents, which revealed what may have been her last meal: tiny fish vertebrae. But the most striking find was a fetus, about 20 inches long, already in a position to be born.“We believe these animals came to Magallanes — the southern tip of Chilean Patagonia — from time to time to give birth, because it was a safe refuge,” Pardo-Pérez says. “We don't know how long they stayed, but we do know that mortality was high during the first few days of life.”One of the big unanswered questions is where they went next, as there are no records of Myobradypterygius hauthali, apart from a piece of fin found in Argentina. The most abundant remains come from southern Germany, but those date back to the Jurassic period, meaning they’re older.Palaeontologist Erin Maxwell suggests, “In many modern ecosystems, species migrate to higher latitudes during the summer to take advantage of seasonally abundant resources and then move to lower latitudes in winter to avoid harsh conditions,” she explains. “We believe Mesozoic marine reptiles may have followed similar seasonal patterns.”Sea Dragon GraveyardThe environment where Fiona was discovered — dubbed the "sea dragon graveyard" — also has much to reveal.According to geologist Matthew Malkowski of the University of Texas at Austin, the Hauterivian age is particularly intriguing because it coincided with major planetary changes: the breakup of continents, intense volcanic episodes, and phenomena known as "oceanic anoxic events," during which vast areas of the ocean were depleted of dissolved oxygen for hundreds of thousands of years.One such poorly understood event, the Pharaonic Anoxic Event, occurred around 131 million years ago, near the end of the Hauterivian, and still raises questions about its true impact on marine life. “We don't have a firm grasp of how significant these events were for marine vertebrates, and geological records like that of the Tyndall Glacier allow us to explore the relationship between life, the environment, and Earth’s past conditions,” Malkowski notes.Evolution of IchthyosaursReconstruction of Fiona. (Image Courtesy of Mauricio Álvarez)Don't be misled by their body shape. “Ichthyosaurs are not related to dolphins,” clarifies Pardo-Pérez. Although their hydrodynamic silhouettes may look nearly identical, the former were marine reptiles, while the latter are mammals. This resemblance results from a phenomenon known as convergent evolution: when species from different lineages develop similar anatomical features to adapt to the same environment.Ichthyosaurs evolved from terrestrial reptiles that, in response to ecological and climatic changes, began spending more time in the water until they fully adapted to a marine lifestyle. However, they retained traces of their land-dwelling ancestry, such as a pair of hind flippers — absent in dolphins — passed down from their walking forebears. They lived and thrived in prehistoric oceans for about 180 million years, giving them ample time to refine a highly specialized body: their forelimbs and hindlimbs transformed into flippers; they developed a crescent-shaped tail for propulsion, a dorsal fin for stability, and a streamlined body to reduce drag in the water. Remarkably, like whales and dolphins, “ichthyosaurs had a thick layer of blubber as insulation to maintain a higher body temperature than the surrounding seawater and gave birth to live young, which meant they didn’t need to leave the water to reproduce,” explains Maxwell.Whales and dolphins also descend from land-dwelling ancestors, but their transition happened over a comparatively short evolutionary timespan, especially when measured against the long reign of the ichthyosaurs. “Their evolution hasn't had as much time as that of ichthyosaurs,” notes Pardo-Pérez. “And yet, they look so similar. That’s the wonderful thing about evolution.”Read More: Did a Swimming Reptile Predate the Dinosaurs?Fossils on the Verge of DisappearanceOne of the key factors behind the remarkable preservation of the fossils found in the Tyndall Glacier is the way they were buried. According to Malkowski, Fiona and her contemporaries were either trapped or swiftly covered by underwater landslides and turbidity currents — geological processes that led to their sudden entombment.But the good fortune that protected them for millions of years may now be running out. As the glacier retreats, exposing fossils that were once unreachable, those same remains are now vulnerable to wind, rain, and freeze-thaw cycles, which crack the surrounding rock. As vegetation takes hold, roots accelerate erosion and eventually conceal the fossils once again.“While climate change has allowed these fossils to be studied, continued warming will also eventually lead to their loss,” Maxwell warns. In Fiona’s story, scientists find not only a record of ancient life, but also a warning etched in stone and bone: what time reveals, climate can reclaim.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:María de los Ángeles Orfila is a science journalist based in Montevideo, Uruguay, focusing on long-form storytelling. Her work has appeared in Discover Magazine, Science, National Geographic, among other outlets, and in leading Uruguayan publications such as El País and El Observador. She was a fellow in the 2023 Sharon Dunwoody Mentoring Program by The Open Notebook and often explores the intersections of science, culture, and Latin American identity.

المصدر: www.discovermagazine.com

#first #ever #pregnant #ichthyosaur #from #the #early #cretaceous #reveals #life #prehistoric #seas #during #excavation #amidst #patagonian #winds #and #hard #rock #fossil #began #turn #greenit #was #unexpected #reaction #adhesive #applied #protect #bones #fragile #after #millions #years #beneath #ice #had #interacted #with #plant #matter #trapped #rocks #cracksthis #greenish #hue #earned #nickname #fiona #like #ogre #shrekbut #fionais #much #more #than #ogrethemed #nameit #complete #excavated #chile #even #remarkably #only #known #female #hauterivian #stage #dating #back #million #yearsher #skeleton #discovered #edge #tyndall #glacier #torres #del #paine #national #park #area #increasingly #exposed #glacial #retreat #belongs #species #myobradypterygius #hauthali #originally #described #argentina #fragmentary #remainsthe #discovery #led #judith #pardopérez #researcher #university #magallanes #cabo #hornos #international #center #chic #published #journal #vertebrate #paleontology #offers #unprecedented #glimpse #into #ancient #marine #how #these #majestic #reptiles #reproduced #they #adapted #oceans #vastly #different #those #todayan #maternity #ward #patagoniaimage #courtesy #irene #viscorso #far #ichthyosaurs #have #been #found #glaciermost #them #are #adults #newbornstwo #key #facts #stand #out #food #abundant #other #predators #were #competing #themfiona #who #measures #nearly #feet #long #still #encased #five #blocks #rockdespite #challenge #she #transported #local #clinic #where #scans #allowed #researchers #study #her #skull #bodyher #identified #thanks #one #finstheres #world #says #pardopérezthe #limbs #elongated #suggesting #this #animal #built #for #longdistance #swimminginside #there #surprisesone #stomach #contents #which #revealed #what #may #last #meal #tiny #fish #vertebraebut #most #striking #find #fetus #about #inches #already #position #bornwe #believe #animals #came #southern #tip #chilean #patagonia #time #give #birth #because #safe #refuge #sayswe #don039t #know #stayed #but #that #mortality #high #few #days #lifeone #big #unanswered #questions #went #next #records #apart #piece #fin #argentinathe #remains #come #germany #date #jurassic #period #meaning #theyre #olderpalaeontologist #erin #maxwell #suggests #many #modern #ecosystems #migrate #higher #latitudes #summer #take #advantage #seasonally #resources #then #move #lower #winter #avoid #harsh #conditions #explainswe #mesozoic #followed #similar #seasonal #patternssea #dragon #graveyardthe #environment #dubbed #quotsea #graveyardquot #also #has #revealaccording #geologist #matthew #malkowski #texas #austin #age #particularly #intriguing #coincided #major #planetary #changes #breakup #continents #intense #volcanic #episodes #phenomena #quotoceanic #anoxic #eventsquot #vast #areas #ocean #depleted #dissolved #oxygen #hundreds #thousands #yearsone #such #poorly #understood #event #pharaonic #occurred #around #ago #near #end #raises #its #true #impact #lifewe #firm #grasp #significant #events #vertebrates #geological #allow #explore #relationship #between #earths #past #notesevolution #ichthyosaursreconstruction #fionaimage #mauricio #Álvarezdon039t #misled #their #body #shapeichthyosaurs #not #related #dolphins #clarifies #pardopérezalthough #hydrodynamic #silhouettes #look #identical #former #while #latter #mammalsthis #resemblance #results #phenomenon #convergent #evolution #when #lineages #develop #anatomical #features #adapt #same #environmentichthyosaurs #evolved #terrestrial #response #ecological #climatic #spending #water #until #fully #lifestylehowever #retained #traces #landdwelling #ancestry #pair #hind #flippers #absent #passed #down #walking #forebearsthey #lived #thrived #giving #ample #refine #highly #specialized #forelimbs #hindlimbs #transformed #developed #crescentshaped #tail #propulsion #dorsal #stability #streamlined #reduce #drag #waterremarkably #whales #thick #layer #blubber #insulation #maintain #temperature #surrounding #seawater #gave #live #young #meant #didnt #need #leave #reproduce #explains #maxwellwhales #descend #ancestors #transition #happened #over #comparatively #short #evolutionary #timespan #especially #measured #against #reign #ichthyosaurstheir #hasn039t #notes #pardopérezand #yet #similarthats #wonderful #thing #evolutionread #did #swimming #reptile #predate #dinosaursfossils #verge #disappearanceone #factors #behind #remarkable #preservation #fossils #way #buriedaccording #contemporaries #either #swiftly #covered #underwater #landslides #turbidity #currents #processes #sudden #entombmentbut #good #fortune #protected #now #running #outas #retreats #exposing #once #unreachable #vulnerable #wind #rain #freezethaw #cycles #crack #rockas #vegetation #takes #hold #roots #accelerate #erosion #eventually #conceal #againwhile #climate #change #studied #continued #warming #will #lead #loss #warnsin #fionas #story #scientists #record #warning #etched #stone #bone #can #reclaimarticle #sourcesour 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First Ever Pregnant Ichthyosaur from the Early Cretaceous Reveals Life in Prehistoric Seas

During an excavation, amidst the Patagonian winds and hard rock, a fossil began to turn green. It was an unexpected reaction: the adhesive applied to protect the bones, fragile after millions of years beneath the ice, had interacted with plant matter trapped in the rock’s cracks. This greenish hue earned the fossil the nickname Fiona, like the ogre from Shrek.But Fionais much more than a ogre-themed name. It is the first complete ichthyosaur ever excavated in Chile and, even more remarkably, the only known pregnant female from the Hauterivian — a stage of the Early Cretaceous dating back 131 million years. Her skeleton, discovered at the edge of the Tyndall Glacier in Torres del Paine National Park — an area increasingly exposed by glacial retreat — belongs to the species Myobradypterygius hauthali, originally described in Argentina from fragmentary remains.The discovery, led by Judith Pardo-Pérez, a researcher at the University of Magallanes and the Cabo de Hornos International Center (CHIC), and published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, offers an unprecedented glimpse into ancient marine life — from how these majestic reptiles reproduced to how they adapted to oceans vastly different from those of today.An Ichthyosaur Maternity Ward in Patagonia(Image Courtesy of Irene Viscor)So far, 88 ichthyosaurs have been found on the Tyndall Glacier. Most of them are adults and newborns. Two key facts stand out: food was abundant, and no other predators were competing with them.Fiona, who measures nearly 13 feet long, is still encased in five blocks of rock. Despite the challenge, she was transported to a local clinic, where CT scans allowed researchers to study her skull and body. Her species was identified thanks to one of her fins. “There’s no other like it in the world,” says Pardo-Pérez. The limbs were remarkably elongated, suggesting this animal was built for long-distance swimming.Inside her, there were more surprises. One of them was her stomach contents, which revealed what may have been her last meal: tiny fish vertebrae. But the most striking find was a fetus, about 20 inches long, already in a position to be born.“We believe these animals came to Magallanes — the southern tip of Chilean Patagonia — from time to time to give birth, because it was a safe refuge,” Pardo-Pérez says. “We don't know how long they stayed, but we do know that mortality was high during the first few days of life.”One of the big unanswered questions is where they went next, as there are no records of Myobradypterygius hauthali, apart from a piece of fin found in Argentina. The most abundant remains come from southern Germany, but those date back to the Jurassic period, meaning they’re older.Palaeontologist Erin Maxwell suggests, “In many modern ecosystems, species migrate to higher latitudes during the summer to take advantage of seasonally abundant resources and then move to lower latitudes in winter to avoid harsh conditions,” she explains. “We believe Mesozoic marine reptiles may have followed similar seasonal patterns.”Sea Dragon GraveyardThe environment where Fiona was discovered — dubbed the "sea dragon graveyard" — also has much to reveal.According to geologist Matthew Malkowski of the University of Texas at Austin, the Hauterivian age is particularly intriguing because it coincided with major planetary changes: the breakup of continents, intense volcanic episodes, and phenomena known as "oceanic anoxic events," during which vast areas of the ocean were depleted of dissolved oxygen for hundreds of thousands of years.One such poorly understood event, the Pharaonic Anoxic Event, occurred around 131 million years ago, near the end of the Hauterivian, and still raises questions about its true impact on marine life. “We don't have a firm grasp of how significant these events were for marine vertebrates, and geological records like that of the Tyndall Glacier allow us to explore the relationship between life, the environment, and Earth’s past conditions,” Malkowski notes.Evolution of IchthyosaursReconstruction of Fiona. (Image Courtesy of Mauricio Álvarez)Don't be misled by their body shape. “Ichthyosaurs are not related to dolphins,” clarifies Pardo-Pérez. Although their hydrodynamic silhouettes may look nearly identical, the former were marine reptiles, while the latter are mammals. This resemblance results from a phenomenon known as convergent evolution: when species from different lineages develop similar anatomical features to adapt to the same environment.Ichthyosaurs evolved from terrestrial reptiles that, in response to ecological and climatic changes, began spending more time in the water until they fully adapted to a marine lifestyle. However, they retained traces of their land-dwelling ancestry, such as a pair of hind flippers — absent in dolphins — passed down from their walking forebears. They lived and thrived in prehistoric oceans for about 180 million years, giving them ample time to refine a highly specialized body: their forelimbs and hindlimbs transformed into flippers; they developed a crescent-shaped tail for propulsion, a dorsal fin for stability, and a streamlined body to reduce drag in the water. Remarkably, like whales and dolphins, “ichthyosaurs had a thick layer of blubber as insulation to maintain a higher body temperature than the surrounding seawater and gave birth to live young, which meant they didn’t need to leave the water to reproduce,” explains Maxwell.Whales and dolphins also descend from land-dwelling ancestors, but their transition happened over a comparatively short evolutionary timespan, especially when measured against the long reign of the ichthyosaurs. “Their evolution hasn't had as much time as that of ichthyosaurs,” notes Pardo-Pérez. “And yet, they look so similar. That’s the wonderful thing about evolution.”Read More: Did a Swimming Reptile Predate the Dinosaurs?Fossils on the Verge of DisappearanceOne of the key factors behind the remarkable preservation of the fossils found in the Tyndall Glacier is the way they were buried. According to Malkowski, Fiona and her contemporaries were either trapped or swiftly covered by underwater landslides and turbidity currents — geological processes that led to their sudden entombment.But the good fortune that protected them for millions of years may now be running out. As the glacier retreats, exposing fossils that were once unreachable, those same remains are now vulnerable to wind, rain, and freeze-thaw cycles, which crack the surrounding rock. As vegetation takes hold, roots accelerate erosion and eventually conceal the fossils once again.“While climate change has allowed these fossils to be studied, continued warming will also eventually lead to their loss,” Maxwell warns. In Fiona’s story, scientists find not only a record of ancient life, but also a warning etched in stone and bone: what time reveals, climate can reclaim.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:María de los Ángeles Orfila is a science journalist based in Montevideo, Uruguay, focusing on long-form storytelling. Her work has appeared in Discover Magazine, Science, National Geographic, among other outlets, and in leading Uruguayan publications such as El País and El Observador. She was a fellow in the 2023 Sharon Dunwoody Mentoring Program by The Open Notebook and often explores the intersections of science, culture, and Latin American identity.

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