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By Ed Cara Published March 18, 2025 | Comments (0) | Roughly 40% of Americans have experienced back pain in the past three months. PeopleImages.com - Yuri A via Shutterstock If youve ever had trouble recovering from a bad back, youre far from alone. A study out this week has found that only about 10% of common back pain treatments appear to provide any noticeable relief, and just barely at that. Scientists in Australia led the research, published Tuesday in BMJ Evidence Based Medicine. The researchers analyzed data from hundreds of clinical trials testing out dozens of back pain remedies, and found that only a few truly seemed more effective than placebo. These treatments, which include exercise or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), probably only provide a small benefit on average, however. Back pain, particularly low back pain, is one of the most common and frustrating afflictions plaguing humanity today. Just about everyone will experience low back pain at least once in their lives. Roughly 10% of the worlds population currently has an aching back, while about 40% of adults in the U.S. have had back pain in the last three months. Most episodes of back pain do fade away over time, but around 10% of Americans are thought to have chronic or recurring back pain. Nearly all back pain cases are non-specific, meaning theres no clearly identifiable disease or structural reason to explain it. Anyone whos dealt with repeated bouts of back pain is likely familiar with the long list of supposed curesand with how often they dont seem to work. The researchers aimed to conduct the most extensive review yet of these non-invasive, non-surgical back pain treatments, using data from studies considered the gold standard of medical evidence: randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. All told, they reviewed 301 trials that covered 56 different treatments or treatment combinations for acute or chronic non-specific lower back pain.We were motivated to conduct this review because non-surgical and non-invasive approaches are recommended as the initial treatment approach. But many such options are available, and its not always easy to know which ones are effective, lead study Aidan Cashin, an exercise physiologist and deputy director of the Center for Pain IMPACT at Neuroscience Research Australia, told Gizmodo. Cashin and his team found that only NSAIDs seemed to be effective over placebo for acute back pain, while five appeared to work for chronic back pain. These were: exercise, spinal manipulation (which is often associated with chiropractors, but can be performed by physical therapists or osteopaths), taping, antidepressants, and a class of drugs that reduce our sensitivity to pain called TRPV1 agonists (the primary ingredient responsible for a chili peppers burning sensation, capsaicin, is one such agonist). Other treatments that failed to meet the threshold for success included cannabinoids, muscle relaxants, opioids, acupuncture, and dry cupping. Unfortunately, even the top-performing remedies were pretty mediocre. The researchers only had moderate certainty in the data supporting any of these treatments, and their overall effectiveness was judged to be modest at best.The current evidence shows that one in 10 non-surgical and non-interventional treatments for low back pain are efficacious, providing only small analgesic effects beyond placebo, they wrote. Now, its certainly possible that some people will experience substantial relief from one of these therapies, or that some will benefit from a treatment that doesnt work well for many others (this reporter knows someone whos experienced sharp relief from their back pain after taking muscle relaxants, for instance). Some treatments may also still provide some broad relief but havent been tested in large enough, well-designed studies that can demonstrate their potential. Many of the treatments included in the review only had data from a single small trial (less than 100 people) to evaluate, for instance. And there are other commonly touted remedies for back pain that have never been tested in placebo-controlled trials. So the researchers are calling for more high-quality studies of existing back pain treatments to fill in the missing gaps of data.That said, there isnt really a sure-fire, highly effective cure for back pain widely available right now (that includes surgery)a reality that the researchers themselves acknowledge. Many of the investigated treatments only attempt to target a single potential contributing factor which may in part account for why, on average, many treatments werent effective. More work is needed to better understand what causes and maintains low back pain so we can develop more targeted treatments, Cashin said. At the same time, he notes, there is an emerging wave of new treatments that have shown some promise in addressing the multiple drivers of back and other kinds of chronic pain, such as pain reprocessing therapy and graded sensorimotor retraining. And its possible these and future targeted treatments may be able to provide large and sustained benefits for people with chronic back pain, he says.Speaking personally as someone whos regularly dealt with low back pain for years, exercise and a stretching routine seem to help me keep it in check most of the time. But like the millions of sufferers out there, I hope that these breakthroughs will eventually become potent options for this often annoying, sometimes aggravating condition.Daily NewsletterYou May Also Like By Ed Cara Published January 7, 2025 By Ed Cara Published August 1, 2024 By Adam Kovac Published July 24, 2024 By Ed Cara Published July 5, 2024 By Ed Cara Published December 27, 2023 By George Dvorsky Published January 26, 2022