February 18Protesters during the Revolution of Dignity3102 BCE According to Hindu scriptures, Kali Yuga, the last of the four stages that the world goes through as part of the cycle of yugas, began.1814 War of the Sixth Coalition: French troops led by Napoleon forced the Army of Bohemia to retreat after it advanced dangerously close to Paris.1977 The Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm fire started during Chinese New Year when a firecracker ignited the wreaths of late Mao Zedong, killing 694 personnel.2014 A series of violent events (pictured) involving protesters, riot police, and unknown shooters began in Kyiv that culminated in the ousting of Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych five days later.Angilbert (d.814)Per Brahe the Younger (b.1602)yama Sutematsu (d.1919)Vernon (b.1998)More anniversaries: February 17February 18February 19ArchiveBy emailList of days of the yearAbout

Artificial intelligence in multi-agent environments has made significant strides, particularly in reinforcement learning. One of the core challenges in this domain is developing AI agents capable of communicating effectively through natural language. This is particularly critical in settings where each agent has only partial visibility of the environment, making knowledge-sharing essential for achieving collective goals. Social deduction games provide an ideal framework for testing AIs ability to deduce information through conversations, as these games require reasoning, deception detection, and strategic collaboration.A key issue in AI-driven social deduction is ensuring that agents can conduct meaningful discussions without relying on human demonstrations. Many language models falter in multi-agent settings due to their dependence on vast datasets of human conversations. The challenge intensifies as AI agents struggle to assess whether their contributions meaningfully impact decision-making. Without a clear mechanism to evaluate the usefulness of their messages, they often generate unstructured and ineffective communication, leading to suboptimal performance in strategic games that require deduction and persuasion.Existing reinforcement learning approaches attempt to address this problem but frequently fall short. Some techniques depend on pre-existing datasets of human interactions, which are not always available or adaptable to new scenarios. Others incorporate language models with reinforcement learning but fail due to sparse feedback, which makes it difficult for AI to refine its dialogue strategies. Traditional methods cannot thus systematically improve communication skills over time, making AI discussions in multi-agent environments less effective.A research team from Stanford University introduced an innovative method for training AI agents in social deduction settings without human demonstrationstheir approach leverages multi-agent reinforcement learning to develop AI capable of understanding and articulating meaningful arguments. The research focuses on the game *Among Us*, where crewmates must identify an imposter through verbal discussions. The researchers designed a training mechanism that divides communication into listening and speaking, allowing the AI to optimize both skills independently. The method integrates a structured reward system that progressively enables agents to refine their discussion techniques.The methodology introduces a dense reward signal that provides precise feedback to improve communication. AI agents enhance their listening abilities by predicting environmental details based on prior discussions. At the same time, their speaking proficiency improves through reinforcement learning, where messages are assessed based on their impact on other agents beliefs. This structured approach ensures that AI-generated messages are logical, persuasive, and relevant to the conversation. The research team employed RWKV, a recurrent neural network model, as the foundation for their training, optimizing it for long-form discussions and dynamic gameplay environments.Experimental results demonstrated that this training approach significantly improved AI performance compared to traditional reinforcement learning techniques. The trained AI exhibited behaviors akin to human players, including suspect accusation, evidence presentation, and reasoning based on observed actions. The study showed that AI models utilizing this structured discussion learning framework achieved a win rate of approximately 56%, compared to the 28% win rate of reinforcement learning models without the structured dialogue framework. Furthermore, the AI trained using this method outperformed models four times larger in size, underscoring the efficiency of the proposed training strategy. When analyzing discussion behaviors, the research team observed that the AI could accurately identify imposters at a success rate twice as high as baseline reinforcement learning approaches.Further analysis revealed that AI models trained under this framework adapted effectively to adversarial strategies. Imposters attempted to manipulate discussions by shifting blame, initially confusing AI crewmates. However, the AI agents learned to differentiate between genuine accusations and misleading statements through iterative training. Researchers found that AI-generated messages that explicitly named a suspect were more likely to influence group decisions. This emergent behavior closely resembled human intuition, indicating that the AI could adapt discussion strategies dynamically.This research marks a significant advancement in AI-driven social deduction. By addressing the communication challenges in multi-agent settings, the study provides a structured and effective framework for training AI agents to engage in meaningful discussions without relying on extensive human demonstrations. The proposed method enhances AI decision-making, allowing for more persuasive and logical reasoning in environments that require collaboration and the detection of deception. The research opens possibilities for broader applications, including AI assistants capable of analyzing complex discussions, negotiating, and strategizing in real-world scenarios.Check outthePaper.All credit for this research goes to the researchers of this project. Also,feel free to follow us onTwitterand dont forget to join our75k+ ML SubReddit. NikhilNikhil is an intern consultant at Marktechpost. He is pursuing an integrated dual degree in Materials at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. Nikhil is an AI/ML enthusiast who is always researching applications in fields like biomaterials and biomedical science. With a strong background in Material Science, he is exploring new advancements and creating opportunities to contribute.Nikhilhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/nikhil0980/This AI Paper from IBM and MIT Introduces SOLOMON: A Neuro-Inspired Reasoning Network for Enhancing LLM Adaptability in Semiconductor Layout DesignNikhilhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/nikhil0980/This AI Paper from Apple Introduces a Distillation Scaling Law: A Compute-Optimal Approach for Training Efficient Language ModelsNikhilhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/nikhil0980/This AI Paper from UC Berkeley Introduces a Data-Efficient Approach to Long Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Large Language ModelsNikhilhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/nikhil0980/Meta AI Introduces PARTNR: A Research Framework Supporting Seamless Human-Robot Collaboration in Multi-Agent Tasks Recommended Open-Source AI Platform: IntellAgent is a An Open-Source Multi-Agent Framework to Evaluate Complex Conversational AI System' (Promoted)

Author(s): Mohit Sewak, Ph.D. Originally published on Towards AI. Copyrighting the Clones: Is AI the Future Picasso or Just a Fancy Photocopier?Lets come straight to the point and kick things off with a place you know pretty well good ol USA!Section 1: Uncle Sam Says No Robots Allowed in Copyright Town (USA)Ah, America! Land of the free, home of the brave, and sticklers for human-made art. You know how much they love their originality thing, right? Well, when it comes to copyright, the US Copyright Office is like that strict bouncer at a club, only letting in creations with a human touch pass (United States Copyright Office, 2023). No robot DJs allowed, apparently.[Image: , Prompt: A stern-looking Uncle Sam character wearing a Copyright Office badge, standing at a velvet rope, turning away a robot artist with a paintbrush., Caption: Human Input Only: In Uncle Sams copyright club, AI creations are on the VIP blacklist., alt: Humorous depiction of US copyright policy as excluding AI art]Remember that time when I was trying to get a patent for my well, lets just say it was a very innovative algorithm back in my PhD days at USC? The patent officer looked at me with the same expression the Copyright Office probably gives AI-generated art skeptical, to say the least! They wanted to see the human genius, the sweat, the tears, the late-night coffee-fueled coding sessions. Basically, they wanted to know I was the brains behind it, not just some fancy machine spitting out code.The Human-Authorship Doctrine: No Humans, No Copyright. Period.So, heres the deal, according to the US Copyright Office: Copyright is for original works of authorship (Copyright Act, Title 17). Key word: authorship. And in their book, authorship means human authorship. AI, in their view, is just a fancy tool, like a super-powered paintbrush or a word processor on steroids. Think of it like this: you use a hammer to build a chair, you own the chairs copyright, not the hammer manufacturer. Same logic applies to AI (United States Copyright Office, 2023).Pro Tip: If you are creating something using AI and want to copyright it in the US, make sure you, the human, have added significant creative input. Dont just rely on the AI output as is. Be the director, not just the audience!AI-Assisted vs. AI-Generated: The Fine LineNow, its not all black and white. If you use AI as a tool, like say, you ask ChatGPT to write a first draft of your blog (hypothetically, of course! ), and then you heavily edit it, rewrite chunks, add your own jokes, and sprinkle in some Mohit-magic boom! Thats considered human-assisted. Copyrightable! Because you, my friend, are the author (United States Copyright Office, 2023). The AI is just your ber-smart intern, helping you out.But, if you just ask the AI to create something from scratch and you literally just copy-paste and claim it as yours? Nope. Not in the USA. Thats AI-generated, and according to the Copyright Office, thats a no-go for copyright protection (United States Copyright Office, 2023). Its like trying to copyright a photograph taken by a security camera interesting, maybe, but no human author there, right?Content Types, Applications, and Stakeholders: Who Cares and Why?Lets break it down for different types of content:Images, Text, Music: Pure AI creations? Copyright denied. But, if you take an AI-generated image and then, say, paint over it digitally, add elements, change the style drastically, and make it your own artistic expression then those human-authored elements can be copyrighted. Its all about showing your creative fingerprint.Software Code: If youre a coder using AI tools to speed things up like GitHub Copilot suggesting lines of code and you are still making the key architectural decisions and writing significant chunks of code yourself, then your code can be copyrighted. AI is just your coding buddy, not the lead programmer.Generative AI Platforms: Think Midjourney, DALL-E, ChatGPT. These platforms themselves cant copyright the raw output their AI spits out based on user prompts. However, they might start focusing on tools that let users significantly modify the AI output, so users can add that crucial human spark and claim copyright. Smart move, eh?Creative Industries: Artists, musicians, writers using AI need to be savvy. They have to ensure their work isnt just AI regurgitation, but a genuine blend of human creativity and AI assistance. Think of it as a collaboration, where the human is the senior partner.News and Journalism: Imagine an AI writing news summaries. Straight-up AI news might be copyright-less. But if a human journalist uses AI to assist in research, fact-checking, or even drafting, and then adds their editorial judgment, analysis, and writing flair that content can be protected. Human plus AI, thats the ticket.Stakeholders in this Copyright Conundrum:Creators: Gotta prove that human spark! Document your creative process, show your edits, your unique inputs. Basically, show your work!Users: You might not own the copyright to pure AI stuff you generate, limiting how you can use it commercially. Be careful if you are planning to build a business on just copy-pasting AI outputs.Platforms: Need to empower users to add their human creativity. Think about offering editing tools, style transfer options, ways to remix and personalize AI outputs.Industries: Stock photo sites, music libraries relying heavily on pure AI content? They might need to rethink their strategy because purely AI stuff in the US? Copyright denied!Trivia Time: Did you know that in the US, ideas themselves are not copyrightable, only the expression of those ideas? So, you cant copyright the idea of a story about a boy wizard, but you can copyright Harry Potter because its how J.K. Rowling expressed that idea (Copyright Act, Title 17). Its all about the execution, baby!Creativity is intelligence having fun. Albert Einstein.Lets make sure humans are still having the most fun, even with AI in the mix!Einsteins Wisdom: Let humans have the creative fun, even when AI is in the lab.Pro Tip for the Road: Always keep records of your human contributions when using AI. Think of it as building your copyright paper trail. Dates, drafts, edits, creative choices document everything! It could save your skin (and your copyright!) later.Okay, USA copyright scene check! Next stop on our world tour? Across the pond to the land of Shakespeare and slightly different AI copyright rules! Lets hop over to the United Kingdom!Section 2: Cheers, Mate! UKs Computer-Generated Works A Quirky Copyright CornerRight then, off to the UK! Now, the Brits, bless their innovative hearts, have a rather unique take on this whole AI copyright thing. While the US is all about human authorship or bust, the UK has this quirky little provision called computer-generated works (CGW) tucked away in their Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988 (UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, Section 178). Its like they saw the AI future coming way back then!British Innovation: A spot of tea and a closer look at AI copyright with a monocle of curiosity.I remember presenting my research at a conference in UK once. During the Q&A, a very proper-sounding gentleman asked me about the implications of AI on intellectual property. I started talking about human authorship, US style, and he politely interrupted, Ah, but have you considered our Computer-Generated Works provision, old boy? Talk about a curveball! Thats when I realized the UK was playing a different copyright game altogether.CGW: Copyright Without a Human Author? Blimey!Heres the head-scratcher: UK law actually allows for copyright even when theres no human author! Section 178 defines a CGW as a work generated by computer in circumstances such that there is no human author of the work (UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, Section 178). Whoa! Mind blown, right?And Section 9(3) goes even further, stating that for CGW, the author shall be taken to be the person by whom the arrangements necessary for the creation of the work are undertaken (UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, Section 9(3)). So, basically, if a computer (or AI) creates something all on its own, someone still gets to be the author and hold copyright. And that someone is whoever made the arrangements for it to happen. Trippy, isnt it?Pro Tip: The UKs CGW provision could be a game-changer for AI developers and platforms. But, the interpretation of arrangements is key, and still a bit murky. Legal battles might be brewing!Arrangements Necessary: The Million-Pound QuestionWhat exactly are these arrangements necessary? Thats the million-pound question, isnt it? Does it mean the person who wrote the AIs code? The company that runs the AI platform? The user who types in the prompt? The law doesnt spell it out clearly, and thats where the legal fun (and headaches) begin.The UK Intellectual Property Office (UK IPO) is currently revisiting this CGW provision because, lets face it, AI has gotten way more sophisticated since 1988. They are wondering if this provision is still fit for purpose in a world of super-smart, almost autonomous AI (UK Intellectual Property Office). Think about it, back then, computer-generated probably meant some basic algorithms creating pixel art. Now, we have AI composing symphonies and writing screenplays!Content Types, Applications, and Stakeholders: A British PerspectiveHow does this CGW quirkiness play out in practice?Text, Images, Music, Code: Theoretically, pure AI creations in these formats could be copyrightable in the UK under CGW, provided someone made the arrangements. This is way more lenient than the US stance. Imagine an AI composing a pop song entirely on its own. In the UK, someone could potentially copyright it!Generative AI Platforms: This is where it gets interesting. Platforms like DeepMind or Stability AI could argue that they are the ones making the arrangements necessary for AI content creation, and therefore, they could claim copyright on AI-generated outputs. Potentially a big advantage for platforms operating in the UK!Creative Industries: Even with CGW, UK creators might still prefer to show human authorship to avoid legal ambiguity. Human-assisted might still be seen as safer copyright ground, even with the CGW safety net.Software Development: Companies using AI to generate code in the UK could potentially claim copyright under CGW if they can argue they made the arrangements. This could incentivize AI-driven software innovation in the UK.Stakeholders in the UK Copyright Drama:Arrangers (Platforms/Companies): They are the potential copyright winners in the UK system. But, they need to navigate the murky waters of arrangements necessary and be ready for legal interpretations and challenges.Users: Potentially benefit from broader copyright protection. If platforms can copyright AI outputs, maybe they will offer more user-friendly licensing options? But uncertainty remains until the arrangements definition is clarified.Legal Interpretation: The word person in UK law generally includes companies as well as individuals. So, AI companies themselves might be able to claim CGW copyright. This is a huge deal!Industries: Industries investing in AI content generation might see the UK as a more copyright-friendly zone than the US. Could the UK become an AI content creation hub because of CGW? Intriguing thought!Trivia Time: The UK was one of the first countries in the world to recognize computer-generated works in its copyright law. Talk about being ahead of the curve! Though, maybe even they didnt foresee AI becoming this creative back in 88! (UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988).To be or not to be, that is the question of AI copyright! Yours Truly, Dr. Mohit Sewak, while paraphrasing some famous Brit.Okay, Shakespeare probably didnt say that exactly, but he might have pondered AI copyright if he were around today!Shakespeare Contemplates AI: To CGW or not to CGW, that is the copyright question.Pro Tip for the Road: If you are operating an AI platform in the UK, get yourself a good lawyer, mate! Seriously. The CGW provision is a legal gray area. Understanding arrangements necessary and how to best position yourself to claim CGW copyright is crucial.Alright, from London fog to Brussels bureaucracy! Lets hop over to the European Union and see how they are grappling with AI and copyright. Spoiler alert: its a bit more complicated, and involves more meetings!Section 3: Bonjour Copyright! The EUs Own Intellectual Creation TangoAh, the European Union! A continent of culture, history, and a rather nuanced approach to copyright. Unlike the UKs quirky CGW provision, the EU, in general, leans towards the human touch doctrine, much like the US (Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament). But, as with anything EU-related, its a bit more harmonized and directive-driven.Davids Dilemma: Pondering the EUs Originality standard for AI art in the age of directives.I remember attending a conference in Brussels once, discussing EU digital policy. Trying to understand the EUs stance on AI copyright felt like trying to navigate a well, an EU committee meeting! Lots of languages, lots of opinions, and a general feeling that everyone is trying to agree, but slowly. Very slowly.Originality is Key: Own Intellectual Creation or Bust in the EUThe EU copyright framework, shaped by directives like the Copyright Directive 2001/29/EC, emphasizes originality as a condition for copyright protection (Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament). But what does originality mean? The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), the EUs top court, has weighed in. They say originality means a work is the authors own intellectual creation, reflecting their personality and free and creative choices. Translation? Human authorship, basically (CJEU interpretations of EU Directives).Pro Tip: In the EU, originality isnt just about being new; its about being a reflection of the human authors creative personality. Think of it as artistic DNA they want to see your unique creative code in the work.So, across most EU member states, purely AI-generated stuff? Probably not copyrightable. They want to see that human creative contribution (EU Directives and National Laws of Member States). Its all about that human intellectual creation. The EU is very much in the human-in-the-loop camp when it comes to copyright.Ongoing Discussions, Evolving Policies: The EU ShuffleNow, the EU isnt ignoring AI. Oh no, they are discussing it. A lot! The AI Act, for example, is a massive piece of EU legislation aiming to regulate AI (Artificial Intelligence Act). And within that, and broader EU digital strategy talks, AI and IP are definitely on the agenda (Artificial Intelligence Act). But, specific EU-wide copyright policy for AI-generated content? Still evolving. Think of it as a slow, but steady, EU policy dance. A tango, perhaps? Lots of steps forward, some steps back, and a bit of side-stepping.Content Types, Applications, and Stakeholders: An EU PerspectiveSo, how does the EUs originality focus impact things on the ground?Text, Images, Music, Code: Like the US, in the EU, pure AI creations in these formats are unlikely to get copyright protection. The human originality requirement is a tough hurdle. AI-assisted works? Potentially copyrightable, if they show significant human creative input. Dj vu, anyone?Generative AI Platforms: EU platforms face similar challenges as their US counterparts. They need to enable users to inject that own intellectual creation magic to make AI outputs copyrightable. EU users need tools to personalize, modify, and add their creative stamp.Creative Industries: EU artists using AI? Focus, focus, focus on demonstrating your original creative contribution! Make it clear that you are not just pressing generate and calling it a day. Show the human artistry!Research and Education: AI-generated academic papers or educational materials without significant human intellectual input? Copyright unlikely. EU academia still values human thought, analysis, and writing, surprise!Stakeholders in the EU Copyright Epic:Creators: Must prove their work is their own intellectual creation. Substantial human input, show your personality in the work! Think of it as infusing your creative soul into the AI-assisted creation.Users: Similar limitations as in the US purely AI-generated content? Copyright-challenged. Commercial use might be tricky without adding human creativity.EU Policymakers: They are in a tight spot. Balancing encouraging AI innovation with upholding the traditional principles of human authorship and intellectual creation. Its a tough policy balancing act.Industries: Need to navigate potentially varying interpretations of originality across different EU member states. And lobby for clearer EU-wide guidelines. EU-level harmonization, anyone?Trivia Time: The EU Copyright Directive (2001/29/EC) was adopted way before the current AI boom. Talk about trying to fit a square peg in a round hole! The EU framework was designed for a pre-AI world, and now they are trying to adapt it to the AI revolution. Policy catch-up in action!Europe was created by history. America was created by philosophy. Margaret Thatcher.Well, when it comes to AI copyright, both history (EU tradition of human authorship) and philosophy (US focus on individual creativity) are clashing with technology!EU Copyright Committee: Harmonizing Humor and Headaches over AI Arts Authorship.Pro Tip for the Road: Keep an eye on EU policy developments! The EU is actively discussing AI and IP. Engage in the conversation! Your voice (especially if you are a creator or platform in the EU) matters! Lobbying might be in order!Alright, EU copyright tango paso doble-d! Lets take a step back and zoom out to the global level.Next stop: WIPO the World Intellectual Property Organization! Think of them as the United Nations of copyright but for the whole world!Section 4: WIPO: The Global Copyright Chat Club Talking AI, Not Ruling ItNow, lets step onto the global stage, folks! Forget country-specific policies for a moment. Enter WIPO the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Think of WIPO as the global forum where all countries come to chat about intellectual property, including the AI copyright conundrum (WIPO Conversation on IP and AI). They are like the ultimate global copyright discussion club, but with fancy reports and important-sounding committees.Global Copyright Crossroads: WIPO facilitating the worldwide chat on AIs artful authorship.If you could ever go to present at a WIPO conference once in Geneva, you will realize that is fascinating! Delegates from all over the world, passionately debating the future of IP in the age of AI. It feels like being in a global brainstorming session, trying to collectively wrap your heads around this AI copyright beast.Facilitating Dialogue, Not Dictating Law: WIPOs RoleHeres the key thing about WIPO: they dont set binding international laws (WIPO). Nope. They are more about facilitating international dialogue. They host discussions, commission studies, publish reports, and try to foster consensus among their member states (WIPO Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR)). Think of them as global copyright matchmakers, trying to find common ground, but not actually officiating any marriages.Pro Tip: WIPO is the place to watch for global trends in AI copyright policy. Their discussions and reports shape the international conversation and influence national policies. Pay attention to WIPO!WIPOs Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR) is where a lot of the AI copyright action happens (WIPO Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR)). They explore different models for copyrighting AI-generated content, from sticking to strict human authorship to maybe, just maybe, exploring new models that acknowledge AIs creative role. They are basically trying to figure out: how do we adapt copyright for the AI age?Global Harmonization Efforts: Finding Common Ground in a Copyright BabelWIPOs work is crucial for trying to bring some international harmonization to this crazy AI copyright landscape (WIPO Conversation on IP and AI). Right now, as we are seeing, different countries have wildly different approaches US says no AI copyright, UK says maybe CGW copyright, EU says human originality, and we havent even gotten to Asia yet! WIPO is trying to identify areas of agreement and disagreement. Can we find some global best practices? Can we at least reduce the cross-border copyright chaos? Thats the WIPO hope!Implications for the Global Policy Landscape:Shaping the Conversation: WIPOs work sets the tone for global discussions. Their reports become reference points for national policymakers worldwide. They are basically curating the global AI copyright conversation.International Standards (Maybe, Eventually): WIPOs efforts could lead to some international guidelines or best practices down the line. Dont expect a binding global AI copyright treaty tomorrow, but WIPO can nudge countries towards more consistent approaches. Slow and steady wins the harmonization race?Stakeholders at the Global Level:National Governments: Governments worldwide look to WIPO for analysis and guidance when crafting their own national AI and IP policies. WIPO is like the global AI copyright policy advisor.International Organizations: Organizations like the UN, WTO, etc., use WIPO as a platform for coordinating international IP efforts related to AI. WIPO is the IP hub for the global org world.Industries and Creators (Global): Benefit from WIPOs efforts to clarify the messy international landscape. More clarity = less cross-border uncertainty in AI copyright. Global creators, rejoice (potentially)!Trivia Time: WIPO was established in 1967, but its roots go way back to 1883 with the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. Talk about a long history in the IP game! Theyve seen copyright evolve from printing presses to well, AI algorithms! (WIPO).The only way to do great work is to love what you do. Steve (WIPOs) Jobs.Trying to make the global IP landscape a little more lovable, even with AI shaking things up!Steve Jobs at WIPO: Great work, great IP, and loving the AI copyright challenge.Pro Tip for the Road: Follow WIPOs work on AI and IP! Check out their website, read their reports, see what the SCCR is up to. If you want to understand the future of global AI copyright, WIPO is your go-to source. Stay globally informed!Okay, global copyright chat club adjourned! Lets now swing East, way East, to the land of dragons, dumplings, and a surprisingly pragmatic approach to AI copyright. Next stop: China!Section 5: Ni Hao Copyright! Chinas Pragmatic Path Certain Intellectual Achievement PleaseGong Xi Fa Cai, folks! Weve landed in China, a land of rapid tech innovation, and a copyright landscape thats well, lets call it evolving rapidly when it comes to AI. While the US and EU are holding onto human authorship tightly, and the UK is playing with CGW, China is carving out its own, more pragmatic path (China: first copyright ruling on AI-generated image, 2022). Think of it as copyright with Chinese characteristics!Panda Judge in China: Weighing Intellectual Achievement in the age of AI artistry.If you visit Beijing for a tech conference. You will find, the buzz around AI palpable! Everyone will be talking about AI innovation, AI applications, AI everything! But when you ask about copyright policies for AI art, the answers will be less definitive, more watch this space. China is still figuring things out, but they are moving fast, and with a distinctly pragmatic approach.Certain Intellectual Achievement: Not Just Human, But Original and SkillfulChina isnt strictly saying human authorship only like the US. But they are also not fully embracing CGW like the UK. Instead, Chinese courts are starting to assess AI-generated content based on whether it reflects a certain intellectual achievement (China: first copyright ruling on AI-generated image, 2022). What does that even mean? Well, its about looking at the level of human input in setting up the AI, selecting data, and refining the outputs. Its a bit like saying, Show us you put some real effort and skill into this AI creation process, human!Pro Tip: Chinas certain intellectual achievement standard is more flexible than strict human authorship, but less clear than CGW. Demonstrating human involvement and originality is key to copyright success in China.Recent court decisions in China suggest that if a human provides detailed prompts, selects and arranges AI-generated elements, and exercises creative judgment, the resulting work might be copyrightable in China (China: first copyright ruling on AI-generated image, 2022). Its not just about pressing generate. Its about directing the AI, curating its output, and adding your human creative sauce.Human Involvement as Key: Directing the AI OrchestraThink of it like conducting an orchestra. The AI is the orchestra, full of instruments and musical potential. You, the human, are the conductor. You choose the music (prompts), you guide the performance (refine outputs), you shape the final sound (creative judgment). The orchestra (AI) creates music, but the intellectual achievement, the artistic vision, comes from the conductor (human). Thats kind of the Chinese vibe.Content Types, Applications, and Stakeholders: The Chinese AngleHow does this intellectual achievement approach play out in China?Images, Text, Art: Chinas approach is potentially more permissive than the US or EU. Some AI-generated content could get copyright if you can show sufficient human input and originality. Emphasis on human direction and curation of AI.Generative AI Platforms: China might be seen as more platform-friendly than the US or EU. Platforms could argue they have a stronger claim to copyright over AI outputs, especially if users are guided to provide detailed prompts and creative direction. Platform-user collaboration for copyright?AI Art and Design: Chinese creators might find it easier to protect AI-assisted works compared to artists in stricter jurisdictions. As long as they can demonstrate their intellectual achievement in guiding the AI. Human-AI creative partnerships, Chinese style!Technology Companies: Investing in AI content generation in China? Might offer more IP protection opportunities compared to the US or EU. China could become an attractive zone for AI content businesses seeking copyright.Stakeholders in the Chinese Copyright Landscape:Creators: Benefit from a potentially broader scope of copyright protection. But still need to demonstrate human input and intellectual achievement. Show your creative kung fu!Platforms and Companies (China-based): May find it easier to establish copyright for AI-generated content. Potentially a competitive advantage for Chinese AI businesses.Legal System (China): Developing case law to define the boundaries of copyrightability for AI works. Balancing AI innovation with IP rights is the Chinese legal tightrope walk.Industries (China): Industries in China might gain a competitive edge by leveraging AI for content creation and protecting it with copyright, potentially more easily than in other regions. China: the rising AI copyright power?Trivia Time: Chinas first copyright ruling on an AI-generated image happened only recently, in late 2022. Talk about real-time policy evolution! China is actively shaping its AI copyright rules as the technology develops, very much learning by doing! (China: first copyright ruling on AI-generated image, 2022).The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. Lao Tzu.Chinas AI copyright journey is just beginning, and its taking pragmatic steps to navigate this new terrain!Lao Tzus Wisdom for AI Copyright: A pragmatic journey starts with understanding.Pro Tip for the Road: If you are doing AI content creation in China, or targeting the Chinese market, pay close attention to court decisions and evolving legal interpretations. Chinas AI copyright approach is dynamic. Stay agile and informed! Copyright kung fu requires constant learning!From pragmatic China, were heading Down Under! Lets jump to Australia and see how they are wrestling with AI and copyright and kangaroos!Section 6: Gday Copyright! Australias CGW Down Under Arrangements and ReviewsCrikey! Weve landed in Australia, the land of sunshine, surf, and another country with a computer-generated works (CGW) provision! Yep, just like the UK, Australia has had CGW in its Copyright Act since 1968 (Australian Copyright Act 1968). Are the Aussies onto something here? Lets find out!Aussie Copyright Kangaroo: Surfing the waves of AI IP, CGW style Down Under.One of my doctoral colleague, once gave a talk at a university in Sydney. Afterwards, during a barbie (thats Aussie for BBQ, mate!), a law professor asked him, So, what do you reckon about our CGW, eh? He was like, CG-what now? Turns out, Australia, like the UK, has this unusual copyright approach that could be quite relevant in the AI age.Arrangements Necessary The Aussie InterpretationJust like the UK, Australian copyright law says that for CGW, the author is the person who made the arrangements necessary for the creation of the work (Australian Copyright Act 1968). Sound familiar? It should! Its almost word-for-word the same as the UK provision. So, copyright can exist for AI-generated works in Australia, and its all about who made those arrangements. Ringing any CGW bells yet?Pro Tip: Australias CGW provision is very similar to the UKs. Arrangements necessary is still the key phrase, and just as ambiguous. Legal interpretation is crucial.IP Australia, the Aussie IP office, is currently reviewing their IP framework in light of AI advancements (IP Australia). They are asking the big questions: Is CGW still good enough for todays AI? Do we need to update copyright law for more complex AI outputs? Think of it as an Aussie copyright review and revamp in progress!Ongoing Review: Copyright Down Under, Under ScrutinyThis review is important because, just like in the UK, the original CGW provision was written way before the AI revolution we are seeing now. Are arrangements in 1968 the same as arrangements in 2025, when AI can write novels and compose operas? Probably not! IP Australia is trying to figure out if their CGW provision is future-proof, or needs a tune-up.Content Types, Applications, and Stakeholders: The Aussie SpinHow does CGW and the ongoing review affect things in Australia?Text, Images, Music, Code: Similar to the UK, Australias CGW could mean copyright protection for pure AI creations. It hinges on who made the arrangements. Platforms? Developers? Users? Still unclear, but the potential is there.Generative AI Platforms: Australia, like the UK, might be a more appealing copyright jurisdiction for platforms. Platforms could argue they are making the necessary arrangements for AI content generation. Aussie AI platform advantage?Creative Industries: CGW offers a copyright avenue for Aussie creators using AI. But the ongoing review adds uncertainty. Will CGW stay as is? Will it be changed? Creators are in a wait-and-see mode.Technological Innovation: The review aims to balance encouraging AI innovation with ensuring proper IP protection. Australia wants to be AI-friendly, but also IP-savvy. Balancing act, Aussie style!Stakeholders in the Australian Copyright Saga:Arrangers (Developers/Platforms): They are the potential authors under CGW. But they need to navigate the arrangements definition and the ongoing review. Aussie legal limbo for now?Users: Potential copyright for AI content, but also uncertainty due to the review. Will the copyright rules change? Users are in the dark a bit.IP Australia: Tasked with modernizing Aussie copyright law for the AI age. Big job, mate! Balancing innovation and IP protection, Down Under style.Industries: Australian industries need to watch the IP review closely. The outcomes will shape the future copyright landscape for AI content in Australia. Aussie industries, stay tuned!Trivia Time: Australias Copyright Act of 1968 was a landmark piece of legislation and it included CGW provisions way back then! Talk about foresight, or maybe just lucky guess? Either way, Australia was ahead of the AI copyright curve, decades ago! (Australian Copyright Act 1968).No worries, mate! An Aussie friend of Dr. Mohit Sewak.Well, maybe a few worries about AI copyright in Australia, but hopefully, the ongoing review will sort things out, no worries!Kangaroo Copyright Rally: Aussie marsupials demand clarity on AI art authorship.Pro Tip for the Road: Keep an eye on IP Australias review of AI and IP! Follow their consultations, read their reports. The future of Aussie AI copyright is being shaped right now! Stay informed, Down Under copyright watchers!From the land of kangaroos and CGW, we hop over to maple syrup and politeness! Lets head to Canada and see their take on AI and copyright. Eh?Section 7: Eh? Canadas Copyright Human Authorship, But Maybe Open to Chat?Howdy, folks, and welcome to Canada! Land of hockey, maple syrup, and a somewhat polite approach to AI copyright. Canada, like the US and EU, generally leans towards human authorship for copyright (Canadian Intellectual Property Office). But, theres a Canadian niceness in the air, a hint that they might be a bit more open to interpretation than their US and EU counterparts. Lets explore, eh?Canadian Copyright Moose: Politely pondering human authorship in the AI era.My researcher fraternity has always enjoyed presenting at conferences in Canada. People are friendly, the scenery is stunning, and the copyright discussions well, they are thoughtful and polite. Theres a sense that Canada is watching the global AI copyright debate, considering different viewpoints, and taking their time to decide their own path.Human Authorship, Originality and Skill & Judgement The Canadian WayCanadian copyright law, rooted in their Copyright Act, requires originality and authorship (Copyright Act Canada). Sounds familiar, right? But unlike the US law, the Canadian Copyright Act doesnt explicitly say human authorship is needed. Hmm, wiggle room? Maybe! However, current interpretations and practices in Canada do lean towards human creativity as essential for copyright (Canadian Intellectual Property Office). So, human authorship is the de facto norm, even if not explicitly stated in law.Canadian courts have emphasized that copyright protects works that originate from an author and involve more than just mechanical copying (Canadian Intellectual Property Office). It needs to be the product of skill and judgment. Again, sounds very human-centric, doesnt it?Pro Tip: Canada, like the US and EU, favors human authorship for copyright. Originality and skill & judgment are key Canadian copyright concepts. Human creativity is still valued up North!Evolving Stance: Watching, Waiting, and Chatting?The Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) is definitely monitoring the global AI and IP scene (Canadian Intellectual Property Office). They are engaging in discussions, watching what WIPO, US, UK, EU, and China are doing. Canadas approach is likely to evolve as global case law and policy discussions mature. Think of Canada as the thoughtful observer in the AI copyright classroom, taking notes, asking polite questions, and pondering their next move.Content Types, Applications, and Stakeholders: The Canadian OutlookHow does Canadas human authorship, but open to chat stance play out?Text, Images, Music, Code: Generally understood in Canada that pure AI creations might not meet the originality and human authorship bar for copyright. AI-assisted works? More likely to be copyrightable, if humans show skill and judgment. Similar to the US and EU ballpark.Generative AI Platforms: Likely Canadian policy will align with the US and EU platforms need to enable human creative input for copyrightable outputs. Canadian users need AI tools that allow for personalization and human artistry.Creative Industries: Canadian artists using AI should focus on demonstrating their creative contributions, their skill and judgment. Show the human behind the AI curtain!Legal Framework Development: Canada is in an observation and deliberation phase. Awaiting international consensus and national case law to further define their AI copyright stance. Canada: the copyright policy ponderer.Stakeholders in the Canadian Copyright Conversation:Creators: Need to show sufficient human skill and judgment in their AI-assisted works to be considered original and copyrightable. Canadian creators, showcase your human artistry!Users: Face uncertainty, as the exact copyright boundaries for AI content are still being defined in Canada. Canadian users, stay tuned for policy updates, eh?CIPO and Policymakers: Under pressure to clarify Canadas stance and potentially update copyright law for AI. Canadian policymakers, the copyright spotlight is on you!Industries: Seek clarity and predictability in Canadian copyright law to guide AI content investments. Canadian industries seeking copyright certainty in the AI age.Trivia Time: Canada is known for its politeness even in copyright policy? While they lean towards human authorship, the lack of explicit human requirement in their Copyright Act might signal a potential openness to evolving interpretations in the future. Canadian copyright politeness, maybe with a hint of flexibility?The true north strong and free. Canadian national anthem.Canada aims to be a strong and free innovator in AI and figure out the copyright stuff too, eh!Canadian Mounties Welcome: Politely navigating the AI copyright frontier with a smile and a nod.Pro Tip for the Road: Engage with CIPO! Participate in consultations, provide feedback. Canadas AI copyright policy is still evolving, and your voice can help shape it. Canadian creators and platforms, make your voices heard, politely, of course!Alright, from polite Canada, lets take a final hop across the Pacific to sushi, samurai, and a surprisingly chill attitude towards AI copyright! Last stop on our world tour: Japan!Section 8: Konnichiwa Copyright! Japans Chill Copyright Vibe Use Rights and Exploitation FocusKonnichiwa from Japan! Land of cherry blossoms, bullet trains, and a rather relaxed approach to AI copyright? Yep, Japan is kind of the outlier in our copyright world tour. While most countries are debating human authorship and originality, Japan is well, focusing on use rights and exploitation (Japanese Copyright Act). Think of it as copyright, Japanese style less about who created it, more about who can use it, and how.Samurai of Copyright: Japanese focus on AI use rights with zen-like IP mastery.If you ever remember visiting Tokyo for a tech conference. The energy around AI was incredible! Robots everywhere, AI-powered gadgets, and a general sense of embracing the AI future, wholeheartedly. When I asked about copyright for AI art, the response was surprisingly unconcerned. More like, AI creates, so what? Lets figure out how to use it!No Explicit No AI Copyright Policy Focus on Creative ExpressionHeres the thing: Japans Copyright Act doesnt explicitly deny copyright to AI-generated works (Japanese Copyright Act). Mind. Blown. The focus in Japan is less on authorship and more on the rights of those who use and exploit creative works. Some experts even suggest that if AI creates something creative, it could be protected in Japan, and the rights might belong to whoever operates the AI system (Expert Interpretations of Japanese Copyright Act). Whoa, Japan, you rebel!Pro Tip: Japans copyright approach is unique less about human authorship, more about creative expression and use rights. Potentially very AI-friendly!The key criterion in Japan is whether the AI output is a creative expression of thoughts or sentiments (Japanese Copyright Act). If it is, then copyright might apply. And who gets the rights? Well, thats less defined, and open to interpretation. Potentially the AI operator, platform, or someone else? Japan is keeping it flexible, it seems.Rights Holder Ambiguity: Less Authorship, More UsageThe question of who the rights holder is for AI-generated content is less clear-cut in Japan (Expert Interpretations of Japanese Copyright Act). Is it the AI operator? The user who prompted the AI? Or the company that developed the AI? Japanese law doesnt explicitly say. Its more about figuring out the use and exploitation of the creative output, rather than obsessing over who the author is in the traditional sense. Japanese copyright zen?Content Types, Applications, and Stakeholders: The Japanese PerspectiveHow does Japans chill copyright vibe impact things?Text, Images, Music, Code: Japan could potentially allow copyright for pure AI creations in these formats if they are deemed creative. Potentially the most permissive regime weve seen on our tour! AI art paradise?Generative AI Platforms: Japan might be the most favorable jurisdiction for platforms to claim IP rights over AI outputs. Platforms could argue they are the rights holders by operating the AI system. Japanese AI platform gold rush, maybe?Technological Innovation: Japans approach could really encourage investment in AI content generation. IP protection might be more readily available, boosting AI innovation in Japan. Japanese tech boom, fueled by AI copyright?Commercial Use of AI Content: Businesses might find it easier to secure and use copyright for AI-generated materials in Japan. Japanese businesses, AI content advantage?Stakeholders in the Japanese Copyright Zen Garden:AI System Operators: May have a stronger claim to copyright in Japan compared to other jurisdictions. Japanese AI operators, potential copyright kings?Users and General Public: Implications for users are less clear. Focus shifts from human authorship to exploitation rights. Will this benefit users, or just AI operators? Japanese users, copyright question marks?Japanese Government: Aiming to foster AI innovation, and navigating IP complexities, with a pragmatic approach. Japanese government, balancing innovation and IP, with Zen calm?Industries (Japan): Industries in Japan might have an advantage in leveraging AI for content creation, thanks to potentially more flexible copyright rules. Japanese industries, AI copyright edge?Trivia Time: Japan is known for its robotics and AI innovation. Is their relaxed copyright stance towards AI-generated works a deliberate strategy to encourage even more AI innovation? Maybe! Japan might be playing the long game in the AI copyright race!Fall seven times, stand up eight. Japanese proverb.Japans AI copyright approach might be different, might face challenges, but they are likely to keep innovating and adapting, standing up again and again!Zen and Copyright: Japan finds peace in AIs creative chaos, focusing on use and harmony.Pro Tip for the Road: If you are interested in AI copyright in Asia, Japan is the jurisdiction to watch. Their focus on use rights and exploitation, rather than strict authorship, is a radical departure from Western approaches. Japan: the AI copyright wild card!Comparative Summary: Copyright Across the Globe A Quick Cheat Sheet!Phew! Weve just zipped around the world in well, hopefully less than 80 days, exploring the wild and wacky world of AI copyright policies! Time for a quick cheat sheet, a rapid-fire recap of what weve learned on our copyright safari:Copyright Across the Globe A Quick Cheat SheetConclusion: The AI Copyright Wild West For NowSo, there you have it, folks! Our whirlwind tour of global AI copyright policies. And the verdict? Its a mixed bag, to say the least! A bit of a copyright wild west out there, wouldnt you say? Different countries, different approaches, and a whole lot of uncertainty.Key Takeaways for the Road Ahead:For Creators and Entrepreneurs: Know your jurisdiction! Copyright laws for AI content are highly country-specific. If you are creating AI art, music, code, etc., understand the copyright rules in your target markets. Global copyright strategy, essential!For Platforms and Companies: Human input is your copyright friend! Design AI systems that empower users to add meaningful human creativity. Focus on AI-human collaboration, not just pure AI generation, especially in stricter jurisdictions. Human-AI partnerships, the copyright key!For Policymakers: Balance innovation and IP! Incentivize AI development, but also protect human creativity and authorship principles. International collaboration and harmonization are crucial. Global AI copyright coordination, needed now!The Future of AI Copyright: Stay Tuned, Its Gonna Be a Ride!The AI copyright saga is far from over. In fact, its just getting started! As AI gets even smarter, more creative, and more integrated into our lives, the copyright debate will only intensify. Expect more legal battles, policy revisions, and international discussions in the coming years. The world is still figuring out the rules of this AI copyright game. And the decisions we make now will shape the future of creativity, innovation, and the relationship between humans and machines in the digital age. Exciting and slightly terrifying, right?Call to Action: Your Voice Matters!Stay informed! Engage in the AI copyright conversation! Talk to policymakers, participate in online forums, share your opinions. The future of AI copyright is being written as we speak. And your voice, yes yours, matters in shaping that future.Lets make sure its a future that encourages both AI innovation and human creativity. Deal?Global Voices, Global Copyright: Lets shape the future of AI arts ownership, together, worldwide.Pro Tip for the Very End: This is just the beginning of the AI copyright story. The law is always playing catch-up with technology. Expect changes, expect debates, expect surprises! The AI copyright landscape will likely be dynamic for years to come. Buckle up, its going to be a fascinating ride!Alright, my friend, thats our AI copyright world tour! Hope you enjoyed the ride! Now, if youll excuse me, I need to go copyright-proof my next AI-assisted blog post just in case! Stay creative, stay informed, and stay humorous! Cheers!ReferencesAustralian GovernmentAustralian Government. (2024, March 28). Artificial intelligence and IP rights. IP Australia.Canadian GovernmentCanadian Intellectual Property Office. (n.d.). Copyright and artificial intelligence. Government of Canada.ChinaChina: first copyright ruling on AI-generated image. (2022, December 22). Lexology.European UnionDirective 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society. (2001, May 22). EUR-Lex.EU Artificial Intelligence Act. Artificial intelligence act.United Kingdom GovernmentUnited Kingdom Government. (2023, November 2). Artificial intelligence and intellectual property: copyright and patents. GOV.UK.UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, Section 9(3), Section 178. (1988). legislation.gov.uk.UK Intellectual Property Office. Artificial intelligence (AI) and intellectual property.United States Copyright OfficeUnited States Copyright Office. (2023, March). Copyright and artificial intelligence: Part 2 Copyrightability report.Copyright Act, Title 17 of the U.S. Code. (n.d.). U.S. Copyright Office.World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)WIPO. (n.d.). WIPO conversation on intellectual property (IP) and artificial intelligence (AI). World Intellectual Property Organization.WIPO Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR). Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights (SCCR).JapanJapanese Copyright Act. (n.d.). Japanese Law Translation Database System. (PS: Limited official English documentation directly on AI copyright policy. Further, academic and expert interpretations may be needed.)Canada Copyright ActCopyright Act Canada. (n.d.). Department of Justice Canada.Disclaimers and DisclosuresThis article combines the theoretical insights of leading researchers with practical examples, and offers my opinionated exploration of AIs ethical dilemmas, and may not represent the views or claims of my present or past organizations and their products or my other associations.Use of AI Assistance: In the preparation for this article, AI assistance has been used for generating/ refining the images, and for styling/ linguistic enhancements of parts of content.License: This work is licensed under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license. Attribution Example: This content is based on [Title of Article/ Blog/ Post] by Dr. Mohit Sewak, [Link to Article/ Blog/ Post], licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.Follow me on: | Medium | LinkedIn | SubStack | X | YouTube |Join thousands of data leaders on the AI newsletter. 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DeepSeek AI A Technical Overview 0 like February 17, 2025Share this postLast Updated on February 17, 2025 by Editorial TeamAuthor(s): M. Haseeb Hassan Originally published on Towards AI. Part 2 of 3Generative AI technologies dramatically developed in recent years because of large language models GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini which pushed the limits of artificial intelligence systems. The development of artificial intelligence models has produced exceptional outcomes that deliver human-authored text and resolve complex issues in various fields of expertise. GPT-4 from OpenAI operates across hundreds of billions of tokens to process multiple language inputs while taking the first position in benchmarks SuperGLUE and MMLU. PaLM-2 from Google delivers outstanding multilingual functionality and reasoning capabilities thanks to its 340 billion parameter system.DeepSeek AI A Technical OverviewAn OverviewSafer and scalable AI systems have made developing innovative computational structures a requirement for addressing growing market needs. DeepSeek AI represents the newest generation of artificial intelligence model which expands the boundaries of natural language processing functionality. Training standards indicate that contemporary LLMs need trillions of tokens to attain optimal performance even though DeepSeek keeps its training data specifics confidential. The engineers behind DeepSeek AI designed this model to resolve important issues throughout AI infrastructure including efficiency deep context processing and multilingual capability. See this blog for a general overview and understanding of DeepSeek AI:DeepSeek AI The Future is HereDeepSeek AI is an advanced AI genomics platform that allows experts to solve complex problems using cutting-edge deeppub.towardsai.netThe distinct architectural elements in DeepSeek make possible industry-leading performance capability in addition to maximizing resource consumption. GPT-4 operates with a token inference time of milliseconds yet DeepSeek uses dynamic attention routing alongside hierarchical tokenization to decrease this to a 30% improvement for faster and more efficient performance. DeepSeek concentrates on offering language support to low-resource populations just like Metas NLLB which covers 200 languages alongside enhanced translation capabilities for minority languages. The exceptional capabilities of DeepSeek AI result from its unique architectural design advanced training methods and cutting-edge specifications.In this blog, well explore the DeepSeek AI model architecture in detail, uncovering the technical innovations that make it a standout in the crowded field of generative AI. The exploration of DeepSeek AIs underlying technology provides essential information for all AI researchers developers and AI enthusiasts who want to understand this modern leading AI system.History and DevelopmentA team of persistent researchers developed DeepSeek AI using their objective to establish a model that would both match and exceed typical LLMs regarding performance outcomes and adjustable operations. The research team analyzed existing challenges from the market which included both expensive model training procedures and restricted capacity to handle intricate complex tasks. DeepSeek AI developers concentrated on scalable and efficient design because it differed from GPT-4 and PaLM-2. The development team took on three main problems to solve:Limited contextual depth in long-form text generation.Inadequate multilingual support for low-resource languages.The head-on address of major issues has made DeepSeek AI into a model that brings cutting-edge research and practical utilization together.Design & ArchitectureThis section includes the model details, unique design and feature components in the DeepSeek architecture,Model DesignAt its core, the DeepSeek AI model architecture is built on a transformer-based foundation, which has become the gold standard for NLP tasks. DeepSeek incorporates various improvements to regular transformer systems beginning with its design approach.Distinctive Layer Configurations: DeepSeek integrates two attention models that utilize dense connections together with sparse connections to develop its layer structure. By using this design the model processes extended sequences better with sustained accuracy rates.Attention Mechanism Innovations: The model routes computational attention to dynamically selected parts in the input sequence through its attention-routing mechanism. The system decreases both computational redundancy and speeds up inference tasks.Scaling Strategies: The DeepSeek system employs modular scaling techniques that allow its components to extend horizontally across multiple GPUs plus vertically by increasing its layer complexity without impacting overall performance.DeepSeek AI Model Architecture [GeeksforGeeks]Unique ComponentsThe DeepSeek AI outperforming capabilities are the result of unique architectural components and their optimized utilizations.Novel Embedding Techniques: DeepSeek develops context-specific embeddings that maintain a dynamic response to the semantic conditions found in the input text to strengthen polysemy and homonymy processing.Specialized Token Processing: The model performs hierarchical token processing which divides complicated inputs into interconnected smaller components.Advanced Context Understanding: DeepSeek uses its multi-hop memory network to store and access information from past sections of dialogues or documentation which enhances contextual comprehension of the model.Innovative Neural Network Elements: Stable training occurs in deep networks because of the gated residual connections which prevent gradient vanishing and enable smooth operation across very deep architecture.Data Processing & TrainingThe training corpus of DeepSeek covers more than 10 trillion tokens through the use of documentation from scientific literature and legal records as well as social media content.PreprocessingThe data cleaning process together with deduplication methods ensures the data remains of high quality before analysis. The team applies specialized preprocessing methods dedicated to handling terms particular to specific domains. Multi-lingual capabilities in DeepSeek extend to more than 50 languages support despite placing priority on minimal resource languages which other models typically ignore.Training OptimizationThe process begins with fine-tuning the base model (DeepSeek-V3) using a small dataset of carefully curated chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning examples. These examples are carefully curated to ensure diversity, clarity, and logical consistency. By the end of this phase, the model demonstrates improved reasoning abilities, setting the stage for more advanced training phases.DeepSeek AI Training Technique [Geeksforgeeks]The following techniques were utilized in the detailed training process of the DeepSeek AI:Distributed Training Infrastructure: The distributed computing platform utilizes thousands of GPUs to perform a more efficient training process with a 40% faster execution time compared to standard equipment.Computational Efficiency: Implementation of mixed-precision training with gradient checkpointing techniques enhances the performance of memory utilization and speeds up computations.Loss Function Innovations: DeepSeek utilizes a personalized loss function that combines perplexity with diversity to find the perfect balance between accurate and creative output text.Regularization Techniques: To promote generalization while countering overfitting the team employs adaptive dropout together with label smoothing.Performance and BenchmarksDeepSeek surpasses GPT-4 in benchmark accuracy by delivering superior performance of 510% on GLUE, SuperGLUE, and SQuAD. Through its optimized design the model attains a 30% shorter inference time than models with equivalent size.DeepSeek AI Performance Comparison [deepseek.com]DeepSeek provides superior performance for low-resource languages by obtaining 15% better BLEU scores than competitor systems during translation operations. DeepSeek maintains sequential information spanning up to 10,000 tokens which makes it an exceptional solution for creating and summarizing long content. The creative output capabilities of DeepSeek demonstrate accuracy together with innovative performance since it excels in creative writing tasks and code generation.Innovators and DifferentiatorsMany different factors play a key role in the exceptional performance of DeepSeek AI. The engineers and developers have come up with excellent collaborations to get the outperforming results.Dynamic Attention Routing: DeepSeek executes resource distribution more effectively through this innovation to achieve reduced latency combined with lower energy usage.Hierarchical Tokenization: The model provides exact solution processing through its process of dividing inputs into smaller processing units.Modular Scaling: DeepSeeks design supports smooth scalability which makes it work with different application types.Performance Improvements: DeepSeek leads the industry by delivering unprecedented accuracy enhancement and efficient performance improvements compared to past versions.Resource Utilization: The models optimized structural design decreases energy emissions during training and running processes which helps organizations achieve sustainability targets.Adaptability: DeepSeek presents architecture flexibility which makes it suitable for healthcare as well as financial applications and various other domains.ConclusionThe DeepSeek AI model architecture represents a significant leap forward in the field of generative AI. DeepSeek established a new benchmark for performance while using innovative approach designs together with cutting-edge training practices. The future development will include implementing methods of federated learning and on-device AI to boost the models functionality. DeepSeek maintains a prime position to influence the development of the evolving generative AI environment.Stay Tuned !!If you enjoyed the article and wish to show your support, make sure to: Give a round of applause (50 claps) to help get featured Follow me on Medium to stay updated with my latest content Explore more articles on my Medium Profile Connect with me on LinkedIn, Twitter, and InstagramJoin thousands of data leaders on the AI newsletter. Join over 80,000 subscribers and keep up to date with the latest developments in AI. From research to projects and ideas. If you are building an AI startup, an AI-related product, or a service, we invite you to consider becoming asponsor. 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The US continues to hog the global herd of unicorns, dwarfing the EU in both the number and total valuation of billion-dollar startups. However, the Netherlands provides a minor bright spot, according to a new report by PwC.More than 3,000 companies worldwide have reached unicorn status since 2013, collectively reaching a staggering valuation of $27 trillion, according to the study. The US accounts for 55% of these and a whopping 75% of their total valuation.In stark contrast, the EU has contributed just 9% of billion-dollar startups and generated 4% of global unicorn value in that timeframe.Despite the blocs poor performance, the Netherlands punches above its weight, ranking as the fourth-largest unicorn hub in the EU.The country has produced 32 unicorns, with 72% still active. Most emerged between 2018 and 2022, mirroring global trends.The majority of the active flock have engaged with TNWs services. Among them are Ayden, Bird, Bunq, Booking.com, and Picnic.Overall, Dutch unicorns account for 11% of the EU total, ranking behind Germany, France, and Sweden. Amsterdam alone hosts 7% of all unicorns in the bloc.The Netherlands has also done better than most at attracting unicorns to relocate. Five billion-dollar startups have migrated to the country. Only one unicorn has left for the US.In contrast, 64 unicorns have left the EU (excluding the Netherlands) while only 10 startups have entered from outside its borders.The data was released just days after a worrying report on the Dutch tech ecosystem. The new findings provides a glimmer of hope for the Netherlands, but also raises concerns.Like the rest of the EU, the country lags far behind the US in fostering high-growth companies, even after adjusting for economic size, population, and venture capital availability.New tips on breeding unicornsThere are four primary reasons why the US remains the preferred playground for billion-dollar startups, according to PwC.First, venture capital intensity (as a share of GDP) is significantly higher in the US than in Europe 0.7% compared to just 0.2%.Second, regulatory fragmentation is causing disruption. Differences in language, local business conditions, and the lack of an integrated capital or banking union can impede growth.Third, the sheer size and uniformity of the US domestic market provide a competitive edge. Finally, companies often move stateside to access a deeper talent pool.If the EU wants to close the unicorn gap, PwC advises the bloc to act decisively. Increasing venture capital investment, streamlining regulations, and fostering a more integrated single market could help startups scale faster.The EUs tech ecosystem will be a hot topic atTNW Conference, which takes place on June 19-20 in Amsterdam. Tickets for the event arenow on sale. Use the code TNWXMEDIA2025 at the check-out to get 30% off the price tag. Story by Sin Geschwindt Sin is a climate and energy reporter at TNW. From nuclear fusion to escooters, he covers the length and breadth of Europe's clean tech ecos (show all) Sin is a climate and energy reporter at TNW. From nuclear fusion to escooters, he covers the length and breadth of Europe's clean tech ecosystem. He's happiest sourcing a scoop, investigating the impact of emerging technologies, and even putting them to the test. Sin has five years journalism experience and holds a dual degree in media and environmental science from the University of Cape Town, South Africa. Get the TNW newsletterGet the most important tech news in your inbox each week.Also tagged with

Bad news for DeepSeek users in South Korea. The countrys regulator announced on Monday that the Chinese AI app is now banned in South Korea under allegations that it fails to comply with local data protection laws. As a result, both Apple and Google will have to remove the app from their respective app stores.DeepSeek AI temporarily banned in South KoreaAs reported by Reuters, South Koreas data protection authority has ordered tech companies like Apple and Google to implement measures to block downloads of the app. Despite this, DeepSeek can still be accessed via a web browser in the country at least for now. The regulator claims that the app doesnt comply with the Personal Information Protection Commission (PIPC) law.The report mentions that DeepSeek has already appointed legal representatives in South Korea and acknowledged that it partially neglected the considerations of the countrys data protection law. A spokesperson for Chinas Foreign Ministry said earlier this month that the Chinese government attaches great importance to data privacy and security and protected it in accordance with the law.According to South Koreas regulator, DeepSeek can resume operations there as soon as it implements changes to ensure that the app complies with the countrys privacy law.For those unfamiliar, DeepSeek is a Chinese AI startup that became popular after launching a new model called R1, which performs just as well as competing AI models but using far fewer hardware resources. DeepSeek was recently praised by Apple CEO Tim Cook, but has caused a lot of controversy due to its origin.Italy was the first country to ban DeepSeek for privacy reasons, while a US senator has created a bill that aims to fine those who use Chinese AI.DeepSeek reached the top of the US App Store last month, overtaking OpenAIs ChatGPT. The app is currently the 13th most downloaded in the ranking.Photo bySolen FeyissaonUnsplash.Add 9to5Mac to your Google News feed. FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.Youre reading 9to5Mac experts who break news about Apple and its surrounding ecosystem, day after day. Be sure to check out our homepage for all the latest news, and follow 9to5Mac on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn to stay in the loop. Dont know where to start? Check out our exclusive stories, reviews, how-tos, and subscribe to our YouTube channel

Apple introduced the Pro Display XDR in 2019 with its $4999 price tag, no included stand, and an optional Pro Stand for $999. Since then, despite all of the advancements in display technology, Apple has left it untouched. While there isnt a ton to go off of, there are a couple of smaller details that give us an idea on what Apple is working on.Apple Silicon chipApple released the Studio Display in 2022, and it had one unique advantage over most displays: it was powered by an A13 Bionic. This allowed it to have cool features like Center Stage and spatial audio.Pro Display XDR, since it was released three years prior, does not include an Apple Silicon chipset. However, according to a Bloomberg report from 2022, that is one thing Apple is planning for the next-generation model:Apple is working on multiple new external monitors as well, including an update to the Pro Display XDR that was launched alongside the Intel Mac Pro in 2019. It is possible, however, that the companys next high-end display will ship after the Mac Pro, as the computer is further along in development than the monitor.Those new monitors like the Studio Display launched with the Mac Studio will include Apple silicon. That helps the screens rely less on resources from the attached computer.Presuming this two-year-old rumor holds up which could make sense given the fact that Gurman mentioned that the display was behind in development, then we can likely expect some sort of Apple Silicon chipset in the Pro Display XDR 2. This could allow for the Pro Display XDR to have a built in camera and speakers, something it doesnt currently.Quantom-dot displayAccording to display analyst Ross Young, Apple will be adopting quantom-dot films in the next generation Pro Display XDR, similar to the new M4 MacBook Pro:Now that Apple has adopted [quantum dot] films in the MacBook Pro, it will be interesting to see if they replace KSF films and KSF phosphors in other Apple products. KSF films are found in previous MiniLED MacBook Pros and the Mac Pro Display XDR. We expect the next version of the Mac Pro Display to adopt it.It isnt clear if this means Apple will adopt mini-LED in the next generation Pro Display XDR, which currently uses a higher end IPS panel with local-dimming zones. We also have no concrete information regarding refresh rate, though it would be nice if we got a 120Hz panel, especially since MacBooks have had that for over three years, and the Pro Display XDR costs over $5000.Other rumorsIn 2023, supply chain analyst Ming-Chi Kuo reported that Apple will be releasing a 27-inch miniLED display in 2025. Its unlikely that this is in reference to the Pro Display XDR, since it has a 32-inch display size, but its relevant to mention regardless, as Kuo refers to it as a high end monitor. According to Kuo, this display will be thinner, and also have narrower bezels.Additionally, weve reported on 9to5Mac that Apple is working on a display with a 7K resolution, which seems plausible for a future Pro Display XDR.Release dateDisplay analyst Ross Young shared with 9to5Mac that he currently expects the Pro Display XDR 2 to launch in late 2025 or early 2026, though there isnt yet anything concrete.In a recent edition of the Power On newsletter, Mark Gurman specified that a next-generation Pro Display XDR is a lower priority:Where does that leave the Pro Display XDR? Developing a new version of a product that costs $5,000 (without a stand) is less of a priority for Apple. The monitor is out of reach for most consumers, and Apple has struggled with high-end products like the $3,500 Vision Pro.My favorite iPhone accessories on Amazon:Follow Michael:X/Twitter,Bluesky,InstagramAdd 9to5Mac to your Google News feed. FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.Youre reading 9to5Mac experts who break news about Apple and its surrounding ecosystem, day after day. Be sure to check out our homepage for all the latest news, and follow 9to5Mac on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn to stay in the loop. Dont know where to start? Check out our exclusive stories, reviews, how-tos, and subscribe to our YouTube channel

Looking for the most recent Connections answers? Click here for today's Connections hints, as well as our daily answers and hints for The New York Times Mini Crossword, Wordle, Connections: Sports Edition and Strands puzzles.Today's Connections puzzlehas a super-fun purple category, especially if you're an Anglophile like me. And my colleague Katie Collins, from the UK, should appreciate it, since she's written about how tough it is to do the New York Times word puzzles when you didn't grow up with American slang. Read on for clues and today's Connections answers.The Times now has a Connections Bot, like the one for Wordle. Go there after you play to receive a numeric score and to have the program analyze your answers. And players who are registered with the Times Games section can now nerd out by following their progress, including number of puzzles completed, win rate, number of times they nabbed a perfect score and their win streak.Read more:Hints, Tips and Strategies to Help You Win at NYT Connections Every TimeHints for today's Connections groupsHere are four hints for the groupings in today's Connections puzzle, ranked from the easiest, yellow group to the tough (and sometimes bizarre) purple group.Yellow group hint: Ditch or trench.Green group hint: At hand.Blue group hint: More than a snack.Purple group hint: Pip-pip, Cheerio!Answers for today's Connections groupsYellow group: Crater.Green group: Accessible.Blue group: Substantial, as a meal.Purple group: Britishisms.Read more: Wordle Cheat Sheet: Here Are the Most Popular Letters Used in English WordsWhat are today's Connections answers? The completed NYT Connections puzzle for Tuesday, Feb. 18, 2025, #618. NYT/Screenshot by CNETThe yellow words in today's ConnectionsThe theme is crater. The four answers are cavity, hole, hollow and pit.The green words in today's ConnectionsThe theme is accessible. The four answers are available, handy, nearby and ready.The blue words in today's ConnectionsThe theme is substantial, as a meal. The four answers are filling, heart, solid and square.The purple words in today's ConnectionsThe theme is Britishisms. The four answers are butty, chippy, footy and telly.

Looking for the most recent Wordle answer?Click here for today's Wordle hints, as well as our daily answers and hints for The New York Times Mini Crossword, Connections, Connections: Sports Edition and Strands puzzles.Today'sWordle puzzlemight be tricky because it's an abbreviation of a longer word. Add to that the fact that it has a lot of vowels, and it could be a weird one to guess. If you need hints and the answer, read on. Today's Wordle hints Before we show you today'sWordleanswer, we'll give you some hints. If you don't want a spoiler, look away now.Wordle hint No. 1: RepeatsToday's Wordle answer has one repeated letter.Wordle hint No. 2: VowelsThere are two vowels in today's Wordle answer, but one of them is the repeated letter, so you'll see that one twice.Wordle hint No. 3: Start letterToday's Wordle answer begins with the letter I.Wordle hint No. 4: ShortToday's Wordle answer is an abbreviation for a longer word.Wordle hint No. 5: MeaningToday's Wordle answer can often refer to a film or music that's not associated with a major studio or label.TODAY'S WORDLE ANSWERToday's Wordle answer is INDIE.Yesterday's Wordle answerYesterday's Wordle answer, Feb. 17, No. 1,339, was TRAIL.Recent Wordle answersFeb. 13, No. 1,335: RUMBAFeb. 14, No. 1,336: DITTYFeb. 15, No. 1,337: CROOKFeb. 16, No. 1,338: SUAVE

Fintech investment has been on a downward spiral since 2012, but the second half of this year could see the first shoots of recovery.Investment in UK fintechs fell by over a quarter last year, but there are signs that a recovery could be on its way, according to KPMG.In its latest report into EMEA fintech investment trends, KPMG revealed that 2024 saw UK firms receive $9.9bn (7.8bn). Meanwhile, total investment in 2024 was $20.3bn compared with $27.6bn the previous year.Total UK fintech investment dropped to $9.9bn in 2024, down 27% from $13.6bn in 2023, according to KPMGsPulse of fintech report.Hannah Dobson, partner and UK head of fintech at KPMG, said UK investment is expected to remain relatively soft in the first half of this year, but added that it will likely begin to pick up as interest rates reduce further, with common consensus that this will be in the third and fourth quarters.Fintech industry expert Chris Skinner, CEO at The Finanser, told Computer Weekly that times are hard in the fintech space. Fintechs had an amazing ride in the 2010s, but in the 2020s, it seems not, he said. Fintech took a hammering in 2023, with investing down 48% compared with 2022, which was also a bad year, and now we move into 2025 and reflect on 2024, where it went down even more.In its report, KPMG said geopolitical uncertainty, high levels of inflation and the higher interest rates all contributed to more subdued levels of UK fintech investment.Read more about fintechDobson at KPMG added: 2024 was another tough year for fintech investment, which inevitably has led to some business failure and some consolidation. It has also sharpened the focus on a path to profit and cost control which positively leads to more sustainable saleable businesses in the longer term.In EMEA, and particularly the UK, there are signs of a slow recovery in deals as the reduction in interest rates and more political stability leads to better certainty. The impact of regulation is an ongoing challenge for fintechs across EMEA as they face into new EU and UK regimes in areas such as AI and BNPL.The largest fintech deal in Europe in 2024 was the $560.6m sale of online bank Knab, to Austrian financial firm Bawag Group. The largest deal in the UK was the $267m venture funding round by money transfer provider Zepz.Its not just Europe that saw a fall in investment. Globally, fintech hit a seven-year low last year, with $95bn invested compared with $113.7bn in 2023.Karim Haji, global and UK head of financial services at KPMG, said there are some bright spots.Payments continued to be the rockstar of the fintech subsectors, driven by late-stage deals and an increasing focus on consolidation, and regtech gained a lot of traction, said Haji.Global investment in the payments space hit $31bn in 2024, up from $17.2bn in 2023.Haji added that while more deals are beginning to come through because of interest rate cuts in different jurisdictions and the lower cost of funding, the impacts of changing world trading conditions on inflation, interest rates and the market change are yet to be known.KPMGs figures mirror those published by Innovative Finance last month, which reported a 37% fall in investment in 2024 compared with 2023.Innovate Finance, the industry body for fintech in the UK, blamed tough market conditions that included rising interest rates, geopolitical instability, as well as a recalibration in venture capital fundraising.