Air Ionization: When Negative Can Be Positive in Built SpacesSave this picture!Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2011, designed by Peter Zumthor. Photo by Walter HerfstIn 1902, physicist Philipp Lenard discovered that the breaking of water droplets in waves, waterfalls, rain, or mist releases negative ions into the air. This occurs because, upon breaking, the droplets separate their electrical charges: electrons, which are smaller and lighter, adhere to suspended particles in the air, while positive charges remain in the water or dissipate quickly. This phenomenon increases the concentration of negative ions in the environment, which can directly influence our body and mind, interacting with neurotransmitters and essential cellular functions. It is no coincidence that many people report feelings of well-being, energy, and mental clarity after spending time at beaches, waterfalls, or forests. In Japan, this connection with nature is explored in the practice of Shinrin-Yoku, or "forest bathing," which promotes relaxation and revitalization simply through contact with the natural environment.Save this picture!However, the discovery of negative ions dates back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1899, German physicists Elster and Geitel were among the first to study air ionization, identifying how ions are formed in the atmosphere. Later research, particularly in the 1930s and 1950s, explored the biological effects of negative ions. Studies by Dr. A. L. Tchijevsky, a Russian scientist, and later by Dr. Flix Sulman, an Israeli biologist, linked negative ions to potential health benefits, such as improved mood, increased oxygen absorption, and air purification.Since then, various studies have suggested that negative ions can play a significant role in improving health and well-being. They help reduce airborne pollutants such as dust, pollen, and bacteria by binding to these particles and promoting their removal from the environment. Additionally, environments rich in negative ions have been associated with widely recognized benefits, such as air purification, stress reduction, and mood enhancement. Research indicates that exposure to these ions can increase serotonin levels, promote better sleep quality, and even improve cognitive function, fostering greater alertness and combating fatigue. These effects make negative ions especially valuable in workplaces and educational settings, where mental performance and individual well-being are crucial.Save this picture!How Negative Ionization is Being Integrated into Building DesignWith the proven health and wellness benefits of negative ionization, architecture has been exploring innovative ways to incorporate this technology into building design. This is achieved through integration into HVAC systems and ventilation strategies, creating healthier and more comfortable environments for occupants. Additionally, natural elements such as fountains, indoor waterfalls, and green walls have been used to passively enhance this ionization, promoting a balanced indoor microclimate and fostering a continuous sense of well-being.Save this picture!A study published in MDPI Environments examined the impacts of negative ionization on indoor air quality and human health. Researchers explored how these ions can remove airborne particles, including dust, pollutants, and allergens, contributing to a cleaner and healthier indoor environment. Additionally, the study assessed the ability of these ions to reduce the presence of microorganisms and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), potentially decreasing the risks of respiratory infections and irritations. Another aspect addressed was the influence of negative ionization on psychological and cognitive well-being.Biophilic architecture, which seeks to strengthen the connection between humans and nature in the built environment, finds in negative ionization a powerful tool to promote well-being and environmental quality. Present in natural environments such as forests and waterfalls, negative ions have been proven to improve air quality and reduce stress. By integrating negative ion generators with biophilic elements such as water features, indoor waterfalls, and abundant vegetation, this approach not only purifies the environment but also reinforces the psychological and physiological benefits associated with nature. Thus, the combination of biophilia and negative ionization emerges as an innovative solution to balance urban environments with natural ecosystems, contributing to healthier, more sustainable, and more livable cities.Save this picture!Save this picture!Additionally, negative ionization has been applied to mitigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation generated by electronic devices, with ionizing panels installed on walls, ceilings, and furniture to neutralize excess positive ions. Innovation also extends to building materials, such as bioactive paints and coatings that continuously emit negative ions, helping to maintain air quality over time. With a growing focus on sustainability and well-being, residential, commercial, and even hospital projects are adopting ionizing purification systems to reduce pathogens and improve environmental quality. As technology advances, negative ionization is expected to become an essential component in designing healthier, more efficient spaces that harmonize with nature.As architects and designers continue to innovate, the buildings of the future may not only shelter us but also enhance our well-being through scientifically supported atmospheric improvements. The increasing demand for wellness-oriented spaces, combined with advances in material science and air purification technologies, suggests that negative ionization may soon become a common feature in sustainable building design. While further research and development are necessary, integrating negative ionization into architecture represents a promising step toward healthier indoor environments.Save this picture!Image gallerySee allShow lessAbout this authorEduardo SouzaAuthorCite: Eduardo Souza. "Air Ionization: When Negative Can Be Positive in Built Spaces" 25 Feb 2025. ArchDaily. Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/1027118/air-ionization-when-negative-can-be-positive-in-built-spaces&gt ISSN 0719-8884Save!ArchDaily?You've started following your first account!Did you know?You'll now receive updates based on what you follow! Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors, offices and users.Go to my stream