News Science & Society A common parenting practice may be hindering teen development Teens need independence on vacation, but many don't get it Parents are reluctant to let teens go off alone during vacation, according to a new poll. But experts say teens need independence. Cavan Images/Getty Images By Sujata Gupta 2 hours ago Vacation season is upon us. But that doesn’t necessarily translate to teens roaming free. A new poll finds that less than half of U.S. parents feel comfortable leaving their teenager alone in a hotel room while they grab breakfast. Fewer than a third would let their teen walk alone to a coffee shop. And only 1 in 5 would be okay with their teen wandering solo around an amusement park. Those results, released June 16, are troubling, says Sarah Clark, a public health expert and codirector of the C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital National Poll on Children’s Health, which conducted the survey. Teenagers, she says, need the freedom to develop the confidence that they can navigate the world on their own. Sign up for our newsletter We summarize the week's scientific breakthroughs every Thursday.

Jun 13, 2025Ravie LakshmananWeb Security / Network Security Cybersecurity researchers are calling attention to a "large-scale campaign" that has been observed compromising legitimate websites with malicious JavaScript injections. According to Palo Alto Networks Unit 42, these malicious injects are obfuscated using JSFuck, which refers to an "esoteric and educational programming style" that uses only a limited set of characters to write and execute code. The cybersecurity company has given the technique an alternate name JSFireTruck owing to the profanity involved. "Multiple websites have been identified with injected malicious JavaScript that uses JSFireTruck obfuscation, which is composed primarily of the symbols [, ], +, $, {, and }," security researchers Hardik Shah, Brad Duncan, and Pranay Kumar Chhaparwal said. "The code's obfuscation hides its true purpose, hindering analysis." Further analysis has determined that the injected code is designed to check the website referrer ("document.referrer"), which identifies the address of the web page from which a request originated. Should the referrer be a search engine such as Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo, Yahoo!, or AOL, the JavaScript code redirects victims to malicious URLs that can deliver malware, exploits, traffic monetization, and malvertising. Unit 42 said its telemetry uncovered 269,552 web pages that have been infected with JavaScript code using the JSFireTruck technique between March 26 and April 25, 2025. A spike in the campaign was first recorded on April 12, when over 50,000 infected web pages were observed in a single day. "The campaign's scale and stealth pose a significant threat," the researchers said. "The widespread nature of these infections suggests a coordinated effort to compromise legitimate websites as attack vectors for further malicious activities." Say Hello to HelloTDS The development comes as Gen Digital took the wraps off a sophisticated Traffic Distribution Service (TDS) called HelloTDS that's designed to conditionally redirect site visitors to fake CAPTCHA pages, tech support scams, fake browser updates, unwanted browser extensions, and cryptocurrency scams through remotely-hosted JavaScript code injected into the sites. The primary objective of the TDS is to act as a gateway, determining the exact nature of content to be delivered to the victims after fingerprinting their devices. If the user is not deemed a suitable target, the victim is redirected to a benign web page. "The campaign entry points are infected or otherwise attacker-controlled streaming websites, file sharing services, as well as malvertising campaigns," researchers Vojtěch Krejsa and Milan Špinka said in a report published this month. "Victims are evaluated based on geolocation, IP address, and browser fingerprinting; for example, connections through VPNs or headless browsers are detected and rejected." Some of these attack chains have been found to serve bogus CAPTCHA pages that leverage the ClickFix strategy to trick users into running malicious code and infecting their machines with a malware known as PEAKLIGHT (aka Emmenhtal Loader), which is known to server information stealers like Lumma. Central to the HelloTDS infrastructure is the use of .top, .shop, and .com top-level domains that are used to host the JavaScript code and trigger the redirections following a multi-stage fingerprinting process engineered to collect network and browser information. "The HelloTDS infrastructure behind fake CAPTCHA campaigns demonstrates how attackers continue to refine their methods to bypass traditional protections, evade detection, and selectively target victims," the researchers said. "By leveraging sophisticated fingerprinting, dynamic domain infrastructure, and deception tactics (such as mimicking legitimate websites and serving benign content to researchers) these campaigns achieve both stealth and scale." Found this article interesting? Follow us on Twitter  and LinkedIn to read more exclusive content we post. SHARE    

Pros Excellent cooling performanceBrilliantly designed front fan bracketsBeautiful lighting effects in tested Ambience Pro RGB versionElaborate, web-accessible software controls for lighting, fans Cons Only minimal dust filtrationHigh price for our Ambience Pro test model Fractal Design Meshify 3 Specs 120mm or 140mm Fan Positions 6 120mm to 200mm Fans Included 3 Dimensions (HWD) 20.1 by 9.1 by 17.2 inches Fan Controller Included? Front Panel Ports HD Audio Front Panel Ports USB 3.2 Gen 1 Type-A (2) Front Panel Ports USB 3.2 Gen 2 Type-C Included Fan Lighting Color Addressable RGB Internal 2.5-Inch Bays 6 Internal 3.5-Inch Bays 2 Internal Chassis Lighting Color None Maximum CPU Cooler Height 173 Maximum GPU Length 349 Motherboard Form Factors Supported ATX Motherboard Form Factors Supported MicroATX Motherboard Form Factors Supported Mini-ITX PCI Expansion Slot Positions 7 Power Supply Form Factor Supported ATX Power Supply Maximum Length 180 Power Supply Mounting Location Bottom Side Window(s)? Yes (Tempered Glass) Weight 20.2 All Specs Fractal Design boosts its latest Meshify PC case with a trio of 140mm ARGB fans behind its now-iconic “crumpled mesh” front face. Starting at a mid-market $139.99 for its base model, the Meshify 3 also comes in upgraded versions with nifty extras that creep up the price. These include items like ARGB fan trim, ARGB side panel lighting, an ARGB strip surrounding the face panel, and even an ARGB controller that connects to the web. Taken together, all that can bump the price as high as the $219.99 MSRP for the deluxe, spectacular Ambience Pro RGB version of the case we tested. Whatever the feature mix you opt for, the case’s robust cooling performance shines. At the high end of the range, though, factor in the case’s biggest shortfall—its lack of inlet-air dust filtration—given what competitors deliver in $200-plus cases. Our current ATX tower favorite, the NZXT H7 Flow, isn't much better equipped with filters and isn't as striking as the Ambience Pro case in all its lit glory, but it costs much less.Design: A Crumpled ClassicPC-case feature trends have changed a bit in the eight years that Fractal Design has been putting its signature crumpled-mesh faces on classic mid-tower cases. (The aesthetic crumpling is easier to see in photos of the shinier black finish, such as the Meshify 2 we reviewed in 2021.) This latest version adds an air deflector at the front of the power supply shroud to force a bit more airflow past your hot graphics card. This Ambience Pro RGB variant’s feature set, as noted, has a USB-based ARGB controller, as well as lighting around the front face, along the bottom of the left side panel’s window, and on the three fans. Buyers willing to forgo most of the lit-up bling can get the basic “RGB” version with just the fan lighting for $159.99, and those willing to give up even that helping of ARGB can get the base “TG” version for $139.99. Our sample was in white; all three models are also available in black, and buyers who yearn for further simplification will find an additional “Solid” variant sold exclusively in black, with a painted steel panel on the left side in place of the window.Fractal Design has merged the headphone and microphone jacks of previous versions into a single four-pole connector on the Meshify 3. This connector functions as a normal headphone jack when one is plugged in; the extra pole serves the monaural microphone of a combined headset plug. Fractal also ditched the reset button of previous cases, but kept the twin USB 3 Type-A and a single Type-C port. And, this time around, the lighted power-on indicator ring that surrounds the power button is ARGB.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)Though the mesh that covers the face and top panel could potentially filter out some inbound dust, the only part of the Meshify 3 that’s explicitly designed as a dust trap is under the power supply’s air inlet. Sliding out from the case’s side, it’s partially disguised as a portion of the rear case foot.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)The Meshify 3’s back panel features a pattern of vent slots spaced to allow a fan to be screwed directly into the slots. Also back here are surface-mounted PCI Express expansion-card slots with replaceable covers, a plastic screw-tab cover with a built-in push tab at the bottom to ease its removal, and a removable power supply bracket that’s secured with two large knurled screws. Power supply insertion is through the case’s rear panel; the design lacks the space to slide in the power supply from the side.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)Both side panels are secured at the top with snaps, and Fractal Design added a pair of tabs to make that task a little easier. Those tabs also have screw holes, enabling you to further secure your side panels against accidental removal.A nylon pull tab at the center of the top panel’s back edge serves a similar function. To release that panel and lift it off, you must first slide it back a quarter inch or so.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)The front ARGB fans have 140mm frames, but there’s too little space behind them to mount a 420mm-format radiator vertically. That’s because radiator end caps tend to extend the total size by around 40mm (give or take 6mm).(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)On the other hand, those really motivated to place a radiator behind the front panel’s fans will find that a 360mm-format unit will work, but only by removing the 140mm fans and flipping the fan-mount brackets over. (They are visible in the image below.) Fractal Design’s brilliance shines through with these very basic sheet-metal brackets that flip to support either 120mm or 140mm fans without hindering airflow.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)The top panel is fully removable to ease radiator installation and removal, but it does not benefit from the front panel’s design wizardry. While its straight-edged brackets will cover a portion of the fan’s blades when fans are mounted directly on them, its 330mm-plus of length is sufficient to support every 280mm-format radiator we can think of.Also, notice the removable cable shroud running up and down the case near the front. It is adjustable to fit motherboards up to 10.9 inches deep. That is less than the 13-inch max depth of Extended ATX, but it’s still sufficient to fit the slightly oversized enthusiast-class motherboard models that sometimes still get called EATX.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)The lower front fan’s air deflector is removable and sits far enough above the case’s floor to be used in conjunction with a pair of 2.5-inch drive bays hidden beneath it. (We don’t even want to think about how we’d manage the cables in that configuration, however.)We removed the cable shroud for a clearer shot of this area. Keen observers might note the mounting slot for its lower edge at the top of the photo.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)Two drive trays, three push-in cable clips, and the ARGB controller are all found behind the motherboard tray. The card bracket’s removable covers and the removable power supply bracket are shown in the image below detached and in front of the case, and the photo also shows the gap beneath the removable front fan duct into which some builders may want to install a pair of 2.5-inch drives.Recommended by Our Editors(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)More drive storage is visible here on the back of the motherboard tray. Configured from the factory to hold two 3.5-inch drives, these brackets on the back of the motherboard tray can be repositioned to hold four 2.5-inch drives instead.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)Held in place by a hook-and-loop Velcro-style strap, the included ARGB controller has USB and PWM input on the top, proprietary combination connectors on the side, and an old-fashioned SATA power connector on its bottom to power it up.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)Note that Fractal designed special outer shells on the proprietary ARGB/PWM combo connectors. This design is to prevent them from being mistakenly connected to anything USB Type-C, from which they appear to borrow their form. As with several others, this photo again shows the 10mm gap between the bottom panel’s 2.5-inch drive mounts and the underside of the front fan’s air guide.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)As for the controller box itself, here’s a shot of the connectors that we couldn’t see in the ARGB controller’s previous photos, including the SATA power inlet.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)Of the two output cables we did see, one is for the case's chain of fans, and the other is for this version of the case’s “Ambience Pro” lighting. Four telescoping contact pins allow the front panel’s portion to separate easily from the rest of that latter cable without an awkward tether.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)Building With the Fractal Design Meshify 3: Perfect Parts PacksFractal's accessory kits are hard to top in terms of neatness and clear labeling. Start with the screws: The Meshify 3 includes 24 M3 mounting screws, nine #6-32 screws to attach the motherboard to case standoffs, four #6-32 screws with hex/Phillips combo heads for power supply installation, and eight #6-32 shoulder screws for mounting 3.5-inch drives on damping grommets. (Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)You also get eight damping grommets, four cable ties, and an extra motherboard standoff. (But no extra screw for it! Such is life.) Our case being the Ambience Pro RGB version, it also includes a breakout cable that goes from the case’s proprietary ARGB/PWM connector to a standard ARGB strip and a standard PWM fan, along with an extension cable for the proprietary connector.Connecting the case to our motherboard are a power-button lead, an HD Audio header cable for the headset combo jack, a 19-pin USB 3.x for the Type-A ports, and a Gen 2x2 Type-E internal cable for the single Type-C external port. The case’s RGB controller also connects to one our motherboard’s USB 2.0 breakout headers and one of its PWM fan headers.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)The white version of the Meshify 3 includes chrome hardware, but since our standard Asus ATX test motherboard is black, I flexed my design chops and used black screws to attach it. I can also divulge that I initially forgot to reinstall the cable shroud, which required me later in the build to remove the graphics card, install the shroud, and reinstall the card. Oops!(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)The RGB controller uses a web interface to select its various lighting and fan modes, rather than forcing users to install software, and it stores those settings on the controller rather than leaving components in the OS. You can dictate a "startup" lighting effect separately from the regular run of lighting that the case cycles through. Using it allowed us to switch from the case’s soft blue default to something a little more, shall we say, festive.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)The light controller’s “Sunset” mode looked like a softer variation of our CPU cooler’s Rainbow mode in this test. Nice.(Credit: Thomas Soderstrom)Testing the Fractal Design Meshify 3: Cool It, ManToday’s build leverages the ATX hardware from our most recent case evaluation platform, including its full-sized Cooler Master GX III Gold 850W power supply and mid-size Corsair iCue H100i RGB Pro XT CPU cooler.Apparently, that little scoop that pushes air upward from the lower of the three front fans does have some positive effect on overall case temperature. Our CPU, motherboard (voltage-regulator), and GPU numbers all show slightly lower temperatures than its five most closely-matched recently reviewed rivals. (These include the Corsair Frame 4000D, the SilverStone Fara 514X, and the MSI Velox 300R.)And just in case you thought that Fractal Design might have gotten its high score by overspeeding its fans a bit…it didn’t. Fan noise is tied for second place in this test group, behind the Super Flower Zillion Direct.The biggest nit we can pick is that some of the Meshify 3’s airflow enhancement might be due to its lack of flow-restricting dust filters.

Bryant Francis, Senior EditorMay 30, 20253 Min ReadImage via ZeniMax Workers United-CEWA.At a GlanceZeniMax Workers Untied-CWA has signed a tentative contract agreement with Microsoft after two years of negotiating.Unionized QA workers at ZeniMax celebrated a huge win today with the news that their union, ZeniMax Workers United-CWA, and ZeniMax parent company Microsoft finally reached a tentative contract agreement two years after unionizing in 2023.The new contract includes "substantial" across-the-board wage increases and new minimum salaries for employees and policies for introducing AI tools in the workplace (policies first agreed upon in late 2023).It also includes protections against arbitrary dismissal, grievance procedures, and a robust crediting policy to ensure QA workers are recognized for their work on ZeniMax games. The CWA declared that the agreement "sets new standards" for the video game industry."Video games have been the revenue titan of the entire entertainment industry for years, and the workers who develop these games are too often exploited for their passion and creativity," said ZeniMax QA tester Jessee Leese, who is a member of the bargaining committee. "Our first contract is an invitation for video game professionals everywhere to take action."The agreement follows a brief public spat between the two parties from November 2024 through April 2025. The union has spoken out against Microsoft's decision to outsource more work to outside contractors and accused it of "hindering" contract negotiations, briefly going on strike last year and voting to authorize a second strike this spring. Microsoft denied the accusation, saying made "fair" proposals to the bargaining committee (Raven Software union members made similar claims about Microsoft in August 2024).Related:That the two groups could go from public verbal sparring to a successful bargaining agreement in under two months shows that some form of progress came after workers threatened that second strike.Unions possess negotiation tools that individuals don'tAdapting the union's contract and tactics is a potentially powerful way to In 2024 ZeniMax union leaders Autumn Mitchell and Chris Lusco broke down the benefits of the unionization process in a conversation on the Game Developer Podcast, explaining that choosing to unionize has created new bargaining opportunities that individual employees don't possess.For instance, the pair discussed the concept of "recall rights," a term the included in the bargaining agreement that requires employers to offer laid-off employees a chance to return to the company if they reopen their positions within 2-3 years after being laid off. Unionizing workers in the United States also benefit what's known as a "status quo" condition for workers' contracts that are immediately imposed when a union is declared, preventing their employer from suddenly shrinking benefits.Related:"We're talking about eliminating that 'revolving door' at least to some degree," Mitchell said at the time, in reference to how high turnover can gut a studio's institutional knowledge.Their tactics will certainly be useful to other unions negotiating bargaining agreements with Microsoft. At neighboring subsidiary Activision Blizzard, the developers working on the Warcraft and Overwatch series are waging their own (verbal) battle with the company, as are the employees at Raven Software and workers across Activision Blizzard's QA teams.Read more about:Top StoriesUnionizationXboxAbout the AuthorBryant FrancisSenior Editor, GameDeveloper.comBryant Francis is a writer, journalist, and narrative designer based in Boston, MA. He currently writes for Game Developer, a leading B2B publication for the video game industry. His credits include Proxy Studios' upcoming 4X strategy game Zephon and Amplitude Studio's 2017 game Endless Space 2.Follow Bryant Francis, Senior Editor, on Bluesky or LinkedIn.See more from Bryant FrancisDaily news, dev blogs, and stories from Game Developer straight to your inboxStay UpdatedYou May Also Like

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt celebrated ten years of monster slaying on May 19, and publisher CD Projekt honored the milestone with an anniversary stream starring Geralt voice actor Doug Cockle, a stunning new trailer, and The Witcher 3 price drops across platforms for those who aren’t one of the 50 million who’ve already purchased it. Yet, while you may want to celebrate by booting up The Witcher 3 for one more hunt, consider instead diving into the books that provided the foundation for CD Projekt Red to build the games upon.I bought The Witcher 3 five years ago, but to avoid another Game of Thrones situation (where silly me watched the show before reading the books), I committed to reading the entire book series before installing the game. And I’m so glad I did! Andrzej Sapkowski’s two short story collections and six novels all tell an amazing story, as well as provide so much context and depth for the events of The Witcher 3.If you start The Witcher 3 without the knowledge of the books, you’ll be unknowingly hindering the emotional impact of so many characters and quests in The Witcher 3. Take Geralt and Yen, for example. Their fates are literally tied together due to the events of the short story “The Last Wish,” and Geralt’s wish ensures they never stray from the other’s orbit for long. Yet The Witcher 3’s quest of the same name explores the wish’s impact from Yen’s point of view; it’s left her with an uneasy feeling regarding what the two truly mean to one another, leading to one of the best quests in the entire game — one that I don’t think can emotionally resonate with the same impact if you hadn’t read about these two from their from first meeting onward. They’ve both loved and hurt each other over the years, but are meant to be together, djinn or no djinn.Reading the short story collections and novels will also introduce you to some of the best supporting characters found in Witcher canon. The later books mostly concern Geralt’s pursuit of a missing and fleeing Ciri, and along the way he’s joined by his Hansa, a Fellowship of The Ring-like group of excellent supporting characters. While you certainly know Dandelion from the games, the Hansa also includes the heroic Nilfgaardian soldier Cahir and my personal favorite Milva, human ally to the majority-elven guerilla fighters Scoia’tael. Each member of Geralt’s Hansa has a captivating arc, and the books are perhaps worth reading for them alone.With The Witcher 4 too many years away, now is the perfect time to dive into Sapkowski’s eight-book series (with a ninth on the way!). Not only will the books enrich your experience playing The Witcher 3, but they’ll also provide context on why this saga was Ciri’s story all along. Yes, the books are told mostly from Geralt’s perspective and you embody him in the games, but his role in the novels is in part to advance Ciri’s plot, to save her from falling in the machinations of evil men like Emhyr and Vilgefortz who want to use her and her Elder Blood gene to advance their own schemes.Having Ciri star as a Witcher in CDPR’s next game and follow in her father figure’s footsteps is a natural continuation of her story. Yes, this may essentially canonize one of the multiple endings of The Witcher 3, but the other two — her dying, or her becoming empress of Nilfgaard — either cut her journey short or don’t quite fit the character.There’s a vocal minority on the internet that tends to cry out when *gasp* a woman stars as the playable character in a game, and that group has let their thoughts be known about Ciri. To them, I say listen to Geralt himself (well, his voice actor) and “read the damn books” — anyone who does will soon realize this saga has always been about Ciri.See More:

New print jobs How 3D printing is personalizing health care Prosthetics are becoming increasing affordable and accessible thanks to 3D printers. Anne Schmitz and Daniel Freedman, The Conversation – May 20, 2025 5:43 pm | 20 German Chancellor Olaf Scholz shakes hands with the prosthetic hand of a worker of the German med-tech company Ottobock. Credit: JOHN MACDOUGALL/AFP via Getty Images German Chancellor Olaf Scholz shakes hands with the prosthetic hand of a worker of the German med-tech company Ottobock. Credit: JOHN MACDOUGALL/AFP via Getty Images Story text Size Small Standard Large Width * Standard Wide Links Standard Orange * Subscribers only   Learn more Three-dimensional printing is transforming medical care, letting the health care field shift from mass-produced solutions to customized treatments tailored to each patient’s needs. For instance, researchers are developing 3D-printed prosthetic hands specifically designed for children, made with lightweight materials and adaptable control systems. These continuing advancements in 3D-printed prosthetics demonstrate their increasing affordability and accessibility. Success stories like this one in personalized prosthetics highlight the benefits of 3D printing, in which a model of an object produced with computer-aided design software is transferred to a 3D printer and constructed layer by layer. We are a biomedical engineer and a chemist who work with 3D printing. We study how this rapidly evolving technology provides new options not just for prosthetics but for implants, surgical planning, drug manufacturing, and other health care needs. The ability of 3D printing to make precisely shaped objects in a wide range of materials has led to, for example, custom replacement joints and custom-dosage, multidrug pills. Better body parts Three-dimensional printing in health care started in the 1980s with scientists using technologies such as stereolithography to create prototypes layer by layer. Stereolithography uses a computer-controlled laser beam to solidify a liquid material into specific 3D shapes. The medical field quickly saw the potential of this technology to create implants and prosthetics designed specifically for each patient. One of the first applications was creating tissue scaffolds, which are structures that support cell growth. Researchers at Boston Children’s Hospital combined these scaffolds with patients’ own cells to build replacement bladders. The patients remained healthy for years after receiving their implants, demonstrating that 3D-printed structures could become durable body parts. As technology progressed, the focus shifted to bioprinting, which uses living cells to create working anatomical structures. In 2013, Organovo created the world’s first 3D-bioprinted liver tissue, opening up exciting possibilities for creating organs and tissues for transplantation. But while significant advances have been made in bioprinting, creating full, functional organs such as livers for transplantation remains experimental. Current research focuses on developing smaller, simpler tissues and refining bioprinting techniques to improve cell viability and functionality. These efforts aim to bridge the gap between laboratory success and clinical application, with the ultimate goal of providing viable organ replacements for patients in need. Three-dimensional printing already has revolutionized the creation of prosthetics. It allows prosthetics makers to produce affordable custom-made devices that fit the patient perfectly. They can tailor prosthetic hands and limbs to each individual and easily replace them as a child grows. Three-dimensionally printed implants, such as hip replacements and spine implants, offer a more precise fit, which can improve how well they integrate with the body. Traditional implants often come only in standard shapes and sizes. Some patients have received custom titanium facial implants after accidents. Others had portions of their skulls replaced with 3D-printed implants. Additionally, 3D printing is making significant strides in dentistry. Companies such as Invisalign use 3D printing to create custom-fit aligners for teeth straightening, demonstrating the ability to personalize dental care. Scientists are also exploring new materials for 3D printing, such as self-healing bioglass that might replace damaged cartilage. Moreover, researchers are developing 4D printing, which creates objects that can change shape over time, potentially leading to medical devices that can adapt to the body’s needs. For example, researchers are working on 3D-printed stents that can respond to changes in blood flow. These stents are designed to expand or contract as needed, reducing the risk of blockage and improving long-term patient outcomes. Simulating surgeries Three-dimensionally printed anatomical models often help surgeons understand complex cases and improve surgical outcomes. These models, created from medical images such as X-rays and CT scans, allow surgeons to practice procedures before operating. For instance, a 3D-printed model of a child’s heart enables surgeons to simulate complex surgeries. This approach can lead to shorter operating times, fewer complications, and lower costs. Personalized pharmaceuticals In the pharmaceutical industry, drugmakers can three-dimensionally print personalized drug dosages and delivery systems. The ability to precisely layer each component of a drug means that they can make medicines with the exact dose needed for each patient. The 3D-printed anti-epileptic drug Spritam was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2015 to deliver very high dosages of its active ingredient. Drug production systems that use 3D printing are finding homes outside pharmaceutical factories. The drugs potentially can be made and delivered by community pharmacies. Hospitals are starting to use 3D printing to make medicine on-site, allowing for personalized treatment plans based on factors such as the patient’s age and health. However, it’s important to note that regulations for 3D-printed drugs are still being developed. One concern is that postprinting processing may affect the stability of drug ingredients. It’s also important to establish clear guidelines and decide where 3D printing should take place – whether in pharmacies, hospitals or even at home. Additionally, pharmacists will need rigorous training in these new systems. Printing for the future Despite the extraordinarily rapid progress overall in 3D printing for health care, major challenges and opportunities remain. Among them is the need to develop better ways to ensure the quality and safety of 3D-printed medical products. Affordability and accessibility also remain significant concerns. Long-term safety concerns regarding implant materials, such as potential biocompatibility issues and the release of nanoparticles, require rigorous testing and validation. While 3D printing has the potential to reduce manufacturing costs, the initial investment in equipment and materials can be a barrier for many health care providers and patients, especially in underserved communities. Furthermore, the lack of standardized workflows and trained personnel can limit the widespread adoption of 3D printing in clinical settings, hindering access for those who could benefit most. On the bright side, artificial intelligence techniques that can effectively leverage vast amounts of highly detailed medical data are likely to prove critical in developing improved 3D-printed medical products. Specifically, AI algorithms can analyze patient-specific data to optimize the design and fabrication of 3D-printed implants and prosthetics. For instance, implant makers can use AI-driven image analysis to create highly accurate 3D models from CT scans and MRIs that they can use to design customized implants. Furthermore, machine learning algorithms can predict the long-term performance and potential failure points of 3D-printed prosthetics, allowing prosthetics designers to optimize for improved durability and patient safety. Three-dimensional printing continues to break boundaries, including the boundary of the body itself. Researchers at the California Institute of Technology have developed a technique that uses ultrasound to turn a liquid injected into the body into a gel in 3D shapes. The method could be used one day for delivering drugs or replacing tissue. Overall, the field is moving quickly toward personalized treatment plans that are closely adapted to each patient’s unique needs and preferences, made possible by the precision and flexibility of 3D printing. Anne Schmitz, Associate Professor of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Stout and Daniel Freedman, Dean of the College of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics & Management, University of Wisconsin-Stout. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article. Anne Schmitz and Daniel Freedman, The Conversation The Conversation is an independent source of news and views, sourced from the academic and research community. Our team of editors work with these experts to share their knowledge with the wider public. Our aim is to allow for better understanding of current affairs and complex issues, and hopefully improve the quality of public discourse on them. 20 Comments

Epic’s super-popular free-to-play battle royale game, Fortnite, is finally available to download and play on the iOS App Store in the United States after being removed from it in 2020. This return to the store follows recent pressure from a federal judge urging Apple to allow Fortnite back on its digital marketplace. Suggested ReadingKotaku Goes Hands-On At The Apple Developer Showcase Share SubtitlesOffEnglishview videoSuggested ReadingKotaku Goes Hands-On At The Apple Developer Showcase Share SubtitlesOffEnglishEarlier this month, federal judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers—who has been involved with this court battle since the start—ruled that Apple can no longer take a cut from purchases made outside of apps and blocked the tech giant from restricting how developers can point people to third-party payment options. The judge also ruled that Apple must immediately stop blocking or hindering devs from including third-party payment options. This led to Epic announcing that, now that it could freely include its own payment system, it would return Fortnite to the App Store in the United States. But Apple, which is appealing the ruling, wouldn’t provide approval for Fortnite to return as part of its standard app approval process. This move prompted Epic to request that the court step in. On Monday, Judge Rogers issued an order warning Apple that if it didn’t comply with the court’s demands, it could wind up back in court needing to explain itself. “Apple is fully capable of resolving this issue without further briefing or a hearing,” said the judge. “However, if the parties do not file a joint notice that this issue is resolved, and this Court’s intervention is required, the Apple official who is personally responsible for ensuring compliance shall personally appear at the hearing hereby set for Tuesday, May 27, 2025.”Seems like, for now at least, Apple has decided to avoid another legal fight in court, and Fortnite is now back on the App Store after 1,741 days. “We back fam,” posted Epic CEO Tim Sweeney shortly after the game went live on the App Store. Of course, Apple is appealing the judge’s orders as it fights to control its App Store and take a cut of every transaction made in official apps on iOS devices. Apple has the resources to continue fighting in court, and I expect that this isn’t the end of this legal war between Epic and Apple that started nearly five years ago when Epic decided to sidestep Apple’s policy of taking a cut of every in-app transaction. That move led to Fortnite being removed from the App Store and the subsequent years of court battles. For now though, players can log into Fortnite on their iPhones and iPads once more.

I’ve tested out a number of e-bikes in my time here at TechCrunch. And I’ve never been so tempted to hang onto one as I have with Heybike’s new Alpha. This sturdy, fat-tire, all-terrain e-bike is worth the $1,699 price tag. The Alpha ticked a whole lot of my boxes, including ones I didn’t even know I had. For instance, I knew I’d like an e-bike with pedal assist and a throttle, but I didn’t know that I would love an e-bike with pedal assist, a throttle, and a manual shifter. Perhaps the dreamiest part of riding the Alpha was the mid-drive motor with torque sensor, which led to a more natural riding feel. That, and the battery life that seemed to last forever.  It wasn’t all roses and rainbows. I have a few complaints about the app, setting up the bike, and the outsized horn. But generally, this is an excellent all around e-bike,  whether you want to take it on off-road adventures or use it in the city to do your weekly Trader Joe’s shopping. And then there is the question of how long this bike will remain affordable. Heybike is Chinese manufacturer and its bikes are made in China. With tariffs, even at the recently lowered rate, these bikes are likely to get more expensive for U.S. consumers.An affordable mid-drive e-bike The ALPHA is Heybike’s first model to use its Galaxy eDrive system. Image Credits:Rebecca Bellan The Alpha is Heybike’s first with its made-in-house Galaxy eDrive system, which uses a 500W Mivice mid-drive motor alongside a 680Wh battery, which provides a smooth ride.  Most other e-bikes I’ve tried are built with motors mounted in the wheel hub, which makes for a simpler, more affordable design. A mid-drive motor is located near the pedals, and if you can get a bike like that at a decent price? Take it. Because not everyone wants to buy a Bafang conversion kit and build their own cheap mid-drive.  Even at the fifth and highest level of pedal assist, the Alpha is smooth and easy to control, making you feel like you’re pedaling a traditional push bike. There’s nothing jerky about the acceleration. There are downsides to the mid-drive, though. If you’re the type of rider who likes to lean heavy on the throttle, then Heybike’s Alpha is probably not for you. A company spokesperson told me Heybike doesn’t encourage sole throttle use, especially at the start of a ride, because it could damage the motor and drive train. Techcrunch event Join us at TechCrunch Sessions: AI Secure your spot for our leading AI industry event with speakers from OpenAI, Anthropic, and Cohere. For a limited time, tickets are just $292 for an entire day of expert talks, workshops, and potent networking. Exhibit at TechCrunch Sessions: AI Secure your spot at TC Sessions: AI and show 1,200+ decision-makers what you’ve built — without the big spend. Available through May 9 or while tables last. Berkeley, CA | June 5 REGISTER NOW And with the Alpha, you actually can’t start a ride with the throttle. You have to pedal first and build up to at least 5 miles per hour before the throttle will engage. When you do use the throttle, the speed adjusts based on what pedal assist level you’re on. Though even at the highest level, the top speed while using the throttle only reaches 20 miles per hour. That said, you can push it up to 28 miles per hour while pedaling.  I didn’t find the throttle constraints to be too much of a problem. Of course, there were those occasional moments while riding through the chaotic streets of New York City when I wanted the quick getaway that a sensitive throttle would provide. Still, I found the pedal assist was responsive enough.  And with 105 N m of torque, it was also powerful. I rarely found myself needing to take it off the first level. The addition of the Shimano Altus 8-gear shifter helped augment that power. The shifter let me kick it up to a higher gear on flat terrain and bring it back down to a low gear when climbing hills; this meant I could keep the pedal assist at 1 to save on battery power.  And while I’m on the subject of hills, it’s worth noting that the Alpha handled inclines like an absolute champ, once again due to the mid-drive motor.  Long live the Alpha battery Image Credits:Rebecca Bellan The Alpha’s UL certified batteries allow for up to 60 miles of range on a single charge, though I wouldn’t be surprised if they surpassed that. After removing the battery to charge it once (which ended up being an ordeal that I’ll describe below), I took the bike on several trips around the neighborhood and up various hills, probably riding for a total of 22 miles. The battery life on the LCD mid-mounted screen somehow didn’t drop below 100%.  That could have something to do with the Galaxy eDrive, which seemed to have a regenerative braking system that provided power back to the battery whenever I braked. Heybike says its Galaxy system provides more than 8% of additional range compared to batteries of the same capacity. More notes on sturdiness The ALPHA’s front light was bright and its rear rack sturdy for picnic supplies. Image Credits:Rebecca Bellan The Alpha could probably double as a cargo bike for delivery riders. It comes with a rear rack that was more than sufficient to strap three packed bags of groceries, though I could have just as easily attached one of those large food delivery boxes.  It also has a total payload of 400 pounds. That’s the same amount as the Pedego cargo bike I tested last year, which is twice the price and also twice as heavy. Heybike’s Alpha isn’t exactly a small bike that can be tucked away easily in a NYC apartment, but with its aluminum alloy frame, it wasn’t too heavy or clunky at 71 pounds.  And while the 26 X 4 inch fat tires are great for traipsing over gravel and tree roots, they’re just as good at handling the potholes and uneven road surfaces of NYC. Not only the tires, but the bouncy hydraulic front fork suspension took most of the blows from some of those roads and made it easy for me to hop on and off sidewalks.  The cons: set up, quality concerns, and wow, what a horn Image Credits:Rebecca Bellan The Alpha was not without its challenges. For one, there was a decent amount of setup involved when the bike was delivered, which required careful squinting at a QR-code instruction manual. If you’re not in the habit of putting bike parts together (which I am not), you’re liable to get a few things wrong. I had the help of two lovely colleagues at my office, but when I hit the road something still felt off. I took it to a bike shop where the mechanic shook his head empathetically and made some tweaks, including to the handlebars which I hadn’t installed in the correct position. I also struggled with removing the battery cover from the down tube. It just wouldn’t come off! I tried looking up an instructional video on YouTube, but all I could find was an annoying 16-second remove and install battery ASMR video from Heybike. In the end, I had to jimmy the cover open, and found that someone appeared to have screwed that latch the wrong way, hindering the release of the metal cover. I screwed it back on the right way so it could be clicked in properly. But then, more battery cover drama. After a few rides, the cover started popping off half-way mid-ride. I’d clip it back in, hit a bump, and there it went again. Figuring that I likely messed something up while fiddling with the battery cover, I taped it in place and called it a day. Another downvote for the Alpha was the horn. My god, it was loud. Imagine trying to annoy someone by yelling “HOOOONNNKKK” at them loudly. That’s what the horn sounded like. It was so aggressive that I was embarrassed to use it to alert pedestrians or other riders when I was passing, lest I scare the crap out of them. It did come in handy when I wanted to symbolically flip off cars that entered the bike lane, though.  The app was also unimpressive. It could turn the bike off, but it couldn’t turn it on, because the bike needed to be on already to connect to the app via bluetooth. The app could also turn on and off the front headlight (which was very bright, by the way), as well as record and share any trip data. Personally, I think e-bike apps are only worth using if they give you live tracking, anti-theft, and alarms.    There aren’t many colors to choose from. In fact, if you want a step-through, you’re getting it in white. And if you want a step-over frame, you’d better be happy with black. A final note on the addition of turn signals: they worked fine, but I almost never remembered to use them.  Heybike Alpha: Best if you’re handy, still good if not All in all, I thought the Heybike Alpha was a solid ride, particularly for the price point. Usually a bike with the Alpha’s specs will run you anywhere from $2,000 to $4,500, so it’s a pretty good deal. Though that issue with the battery cover did raise some red flags about quality issues, and if I had ridden it longer, I wonder what other issues might have arisen.  The affordable price tag could be based on poor customer service, based on reviews online, though I couldn’t personally speak to that. All I know is that it was one of the smoothest, easiest fat-tire e-bikes I’ve had the pleasure of riding. 

Athens Panathēnea: Re-celebrating innovation and connection with a modern festival of tech, art, and ... More startups, ending in an epic street party beneath the Acropolis.Timothy Papandreou Imagine a city where the spirit of innovation and connection has thrived for thousands of years. Last week in Athens, that spirit was reborn with the sold-out inaugural Panathēnea festival (with a waiting list!). This vibrant event, a modern echo of ancient gatherings, powerfully announced a bold ambition: this historic city is not just a birthplace of civilization, democracy and innovation, but a rising force aiming to be Europe's next major startup hub. Anchored by the timeless values of "connection, competition, celebration" and with the confident declaration, "throwing festivals since 566 BC," Panathēnea was more than an industry and arts convergence for me. It felt like a bright signal flare, clearly indicating Athens' readiness to take its rightful place on the global startup landscape. Returning to my Greek roots as part of the diaspora, I attended the multi-day event impressed by the student-driven and designed program (similar to SLUSH). A mini moonshot in itself, this went from idea to event in a few months! even the Mayor of Athens was surprised. What set thios apart was how the event drew in a significant international contingent, from the big AI tech giants like Microsoft, Amazon , OpenAI and Canva, to a surprise attendance of pop star Ke$ha to discuss her new startup Smash ( I was fanboying and also deeply touched by her personal story and drive to launch her startup). It was also a fantastic opportunity to meet with and learn about the burgeoning local startup scene in Athens, which is making great strides in areas from AI, defense, robotics, and more, demonstrating a growing global interest in the Greek capital’s talent. Meeting these founders and learning about their challenges and dreams was incredibly insightful and felt like were at the tip of an unstoppable force. A truly surreal moment for me was meeting former Prime Minister of Greece (George Papandreou) and having it confirmed we are distant relatives! At the intersection of tech and music: Jen Hall (Amazon) interviews Ke$ha on her innovative startup, ... More Smash.Timothy Papandreou The Unfolding Story: Athens' Potential as Europe's Next Tech Hub The trajectory of the global startup landscape, while dominated by established powerhouses from where I was based in San Francisco in the US consistently reveals the emergence of innovation from unexpected locales. The United States (particularly Californian cities), for instance, continues to lead in overall venture capital investment by a long shot followed by cities in China. However, several cities in Europe demonstrate significant strength in early-stage funding and deep tech development, indicating a robust capacity for future growth. According to several industry reports, early-stage funding in key startup hubs in Europe have shown consistent year-on-year increases, and deep tech investments are attracting a larger share of capital compared to a decade ago. This reflects a strategic shift towards longer-term, more research-intensive ventures with the potential for transformative impact. The ultimate success of these nascent ecosystems, however, hinges not so much on geography, but on fundamental drivers: product-market fit and the adaptability of founders. Location, while influential, serves as an amplifier of these core dynamics. A supportive environment can significantly increase a startup's chances of finding product-market fit and adapting to market changes, while a challenging environment can exacerbate these inherent risks. From Perth to global dominance: Lars Rasmussen (Co-0founder Google Maps and Panathēnea mentor) talks ... More (via live video box) scaling with Canva co-founders Melanie Perkins and Cliff Obrecht, exploring their design-wave ride and AI integration.Timothy Papandreou Why Athens? The Seeds of a Thriving Ecosystem The city presents a unique value proposition anchored by a substantial reservoir of highly educated, multilingual and technically proficient talent, a strategic geopolitical location at the nexus of Europe, Asia, and Africa offering access to diverse markets, and a significantly more attractive cost structure (critical for startup runway) compared to established European hubs in the north-west. Furthermore, the increasingly engaged global Greek diaspora in their own respective tech hubs from London, San Francisco, New York and as far as Sydney represent a potent source of capital, mentorship, and international networks. Athens has a unique opportunity to not just catch up, but to strategically leapfrog legacy issues hindering industries. By embracing the transformative power of AI, Athens start ups can bypass traditional talent, funding and other bottlenecks and pioneer innovative solutions and go-to-market products and services quicker than ever before. This future-forward approach allows Athens to transcend any notion of "too small" a market or succumb to "imposter syndrome." The confluence of factors, coupled with what I call a "gritty yet chic" urban energy is something of a unique and authentic offering in today’s overly generic, chain-store dominated and hollowed-out central cities. Sophia Nunes, Portugal's pioneering woman co-founder of the Unicorn startup Mambu, shares insights ... More on scaling for successTimothy Papandreou Germination Amidst the Grit: Addressing Foundational Needs The energy witnessed at Panathēnea and in conversations with local founders signals that the seeds of a thriving startup ecosystem are indeed beginning to germinate. Having personally observed similar early-stage vibrancy in the nascent phases of ecosystems like San Francisco, Berlin, London and Tel Aviv, it’s clear that Athens possesses the raw ingredients for success. However, for Athens ( like cities before it), to truly realize its moonshot potential, certain foundational elements require significant cultivation. Building upon initial steps, the immediate priority is laser focus policies to bolster startup infrastructure. This includes streamlining and digital one-stop-shop business formation, taxation, and residency processes to create a frictionless environment for entrepreneurs. Concurrently from the business community, fostering a more collaborative culture, one that actively encourages mentorship and currency of learning over internal competition, is paramount. To ensure long-term viability and attract significant investment, a concerted effort must be made to evolve the funding landscape, actively courting later-stage venture capital to complement existing seed funding. This unwavering focus on these core pillars from efficient infrastructure, a collaborative culture, and a mature funding ecosystem, will be crucial in attracting and retaining both domestic and international talent, ultimately solidifying Athens' position on the global startup map. The Decades in the Making: Athens' Emerging Startup LandscapeMarathon VC's Panos Papadopoulos and Hack The Box CEO Haris Pylarinos share their insights on ... More scaling passion projects into thriving international businessesTimothy Papandreou Athens is not without its hurdles; it is just recovering from a deeply painful and prolonged fiscal crisis, Covid shutdowns and acute cost of living impact. While the wounds over this last decade run deep, this is not the first time Athens has been tested. In fact, these ground-truths highlighted a recurring theme at the event- the resilience born from these hardships. While failure in startups can feel inevitable, it happens quickly, and the concept of 'failing forward’ means these Greek startups are unlikely to retreat easily. This tenacity gives the impression that Athens is already an overnight success, but in reality, it has been decades in the making. Credit is due to the founders, VCs, and policy supporters who have diligently addressed each barrier over the years. Addressing infrastructural limitations and fostering a risk-tolerant, 'fail fast’ investment culture will be crucial. However, the fundamental ingredients: the rising talent, strategic location, compelling value proposition, and burgeoning entrepreneurial spirit are undeniably present. The energy is shifting, the ambition and hunger is real, and the various pieces are starting to come together. The potential for Athens to become Europe’s next significant startup 'moonshot’ is increasingly viable. The world of venture capital and global innovation would be wise to pay close attention to the unfolding future story in this ancient city.