Chimpanzees Perform First Aid on Each Other, Study Finds, and It May Shed Light on the Evolution of Human Health Care
Chimpanzees Perform First Aid on Each Other, Study Finds, and It May Shed Light on the Evolution of Human Health Care
Researchers describe cases of chimps tending to others’ wounds, as well as a chimp that freed another from a snare
A new study suggests chimpanzees don't just perform self-care—in some cases, they look out for each other.
Elodie Freymann
Chimpanzees use medicinal plants to perform first aid on others, according to a new study that points toward the origin of health care in humans.
Researchers combined 30 years of written observations of chimpanzees in Uganda’s Budongo Forest with eight months of their collected data and suggest the animals provide care—not just to themselves, but to other chimpanzees.
Overall, they documented 41 cases of medical care in the animals. Most involved instances of the chimpanzees practicing self-care and hygiene, such as using a leaf to wipe themselves after an excretion or chewing a plant and applying it to a wound. But seven of the instances involved chimpanzees providing care to others, and in four of those cases, the animals weren’t closely related. The work was published in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
The study challenges assumptions about non-human animals’ ability to provide altruistic care, write the authors.
“One of the things humans have clung onto is that we’re this very special species, because we are capable of altruism and we’re capable of empathy,” says Elodie Freymann, a primatologist at the University of Oxford in England and lead author of the study, to Evan Bush at NBC News. “Animals are helping each other out. They’re capable of identifying others in need and then addressing those specific needs.”
Chimpanzees use medicinal leaves to perform first aid, scientists discover
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For instance, the researchers uncovered an incident from 2008, when scientists had observed a male chimp freeing an unrelated female from a nylon snare set by hunters to trap game. In 2012, a male chimp sucked the wound of an unrelated male.
The work is part of a growing body of research that sheds light on the evolution of health care, especially since chimpanzees are among humans’ closest living relatives. The study “offers evidence that some of the foundations of human medicine—recognizing suffering, applying treatments and caring for others—are not uniquely human, but part of our deep evolutionary heritage,” says Christine Webb, a primatologist at Harvard University who was not involved in the research, to Martin J. Kernan at Science News.
Chimpanzees aren’t the only apes that self-medicate. Last year, scientists observed a wild orangutan using a known medicinal plant to heal a facial wound. Other animals, like elephants and lizards, appear to eat medicinal plants as self-care.
“In our ancestors, we have examples of health care in humans since Neanderthals or even before, but what’s very interesting is that we still don’t understand fully how these kind of exploratory behaviors evolved,” says Alessandra Mascaro, a primatologist at Osnabrück University in Germany who was not involved in the study, to NBC News. “We are just scratching the surface.”
Freymann still wants to understand why chimps don’t always provide care to each other if they have the ability, she tells Science News. “If chimps sometimes know how to help others get out of snares, for example, why aren’t they helping all chimps get out?” she says. “Why are they being selective about this care, and why do some chimps seem to warrant it, while others don’t?”
One possibility is that because the animals in Budongo face such a high risk of injury or death from snares, they’re more likely to take care of each other’s injuries than other chimpanzee groups, according to a statement from the journal. But more data is still needed to confirm this.
It also remains unclear whether the caring behavior is learned, or if it’s something instinctual for the animals. But once, Freymann witnessed a young chimp looking on as an adult put chewed-up bark on his own knee, reports Science News. The team also found a report of a young chimp helping her mother tend to a wound after observing the adult caring for her injury.
“I’m not making a case that every certain medicinal behavior is learned,” Freymann says to Vivian Ho at the Washington Post, “but I think it’s not out of the question that chimpanzees are capable of possessing medicinal culture.”
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#chimpanzees #perform #first #aid #each
Chimpanzees Perform First Aid on Each Other, Study Finds, and It May Shed Light on the Evolution of Human Health Care
Chimpanzees Perform First Aid on Each Other, Study Finds, and It May Shed Light on the Evolution of Human Health Care
Researchers describe cases of chimps tending to others’ wounds, as well as a chimp that freed another from a snare
A new study suggests chimpanzees don't just perform self-care—in some cases, they look out for each other.
Elodie Freymann
Chimpanzees use medicinal plants to perform first aid on others, according to a new study that points toward the origin of health care in humans.
Researchers combined 30 years of written observations of chimpanzees in Uganda’s Budongo Forest with eight months of their collected data and suggest the animals provide care—not just to themselves, but to other chimpanzees.
Overall, they documented 41 cases of medical care in the animals. Most involved instances of the chimpanzees practicing self-care and hygiene, such as using a leaf to wipe themselves after an excretion or chewing a plant and applying it to a wound. But seven of the instances involved chimpanzees providing care to others, and in four of those cases, the animals weren’t closely related. The work was published in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
The study challenges assumptions about non-human animals’ ability to provide altruistic care, write the authors.
“One of the things humans have clung onto is that we’re this very special species, because we are capable of altruism and we’re capable of empathy,” says Elodie Freymann, a primatologist at the University of Oxford in England and lead author of the study, to Evan Bush at NBC News. “Animals are helping each other out. They’re capable of identifying others in need and then addressing those specific needs.”
Chimpanzees use medicinal leaves to perform first aid, scientists discover
Watch on
For instance, the researchers uncovered an incident from 2008, when scientists had observed a male chimp freeing an unrelated female from a nylon snare set by hunters to trap game. In 2012, a male chimp sucked the wound of an unrelated male.
The work is part of a growing body of research that sheds light on the evolution of health care, especially since chimpanzees are among humans’ closest living relatives. The study “offers evidence that some of the foundations of human medicine—recognizing suffering, applying treatments and caring for others—are not uniquely human, but part of our deep evolutionary heritage,” says Christine Webb, a primatologist at Harvard University who was not involved in the research, to Martin J. Kernan at Science News.
Chimpanzees aren’t the only apes that self-medicate. Last year, scientists observed a wild orangutan using a known medicinal plant to heal a facial wound. Other animals, like elephants and lizards, appear to eat medicinal plants as self-care.
“In our ancestors, we have examples of health care in humans since Neanderthals or even before, but what’s very interesting is that we still don’t understand fully how these kind of exploratory behaviors evolved,” says Alessandra Mascaro, a primatologist at Osnabrück University in Germany who was not involved in the study, to NBC News. “We are just scratching the surface.”
Freymann still wants to understand why chimps don’t always provide care to each other if they have the ability, she tells Science News. “If chimps sometimes know how to help others get out of snares, for example, why aren’t they helping all chimps get out?” she says. “Why are they being selective about this care, and why do some chimps seem to warrant it, while others don’t?”
One possibility is that because the animals in Budongo face such a high risk of injury or death from snares, they’re more likely to take care of each other’s injuries than other chimpanzee groups, according to a statement from the journal. But more data is still needed to confirm this.
It also remains unclear whether the caring behavior is learned, or if it’s something instinctual for the animals. But once, Freymann witnessed a young chimp looking on as an adult put chewed-up bark on his own knee, reports Science News. The team also found a report of a young chimp helping her mother tend to a wound after observing the adult caring for her injury.
“I’m not making a case that every certain medicinal behavior is learned,” Freymann says to Vivian Ho at the Washington Post, “but I think it’s not out of the question that chimpanzees are capable of possessing medicinal culture.”
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#chimpanzees #perform #first #aid #each
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