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Rammed Earth House by Tuckey Design StudioPhotography: Jim StephensonNearing completion, this 650m house on the remains of a former brickworks in rural Wiltshire is designed to Passivhaus standards. The former factory was built in a clay-rich area now the Cranborne Chase Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.The project, a collaboration with Austrian rammed earth specialist Lehm Ton Erde, consists of low-rise structures sitting on the footprint of the 19th century brickworks structures, with rammed earth buildings placed between, creating sheltered courtyard gardens. The construction is a mixture of rammed earth walls and lightweight timber elements. The walls are made of site-won clay, which is combined with demolition aggregate and water, avoiding the use of cement and lime stabilisers. The proportions of the mix equal parts of each constituent material were devised to be easily explained and repeatable by a builder unfamiliar with the process. The earth walls enclose bedrooms, living areas, snugs and nooks, while creating carved forms, such as benches and niches, much like the pochs of a medieval castle. The rammed earth has also been used for the stairwell, long faades and heated flooring. The material can extend over 100m without movement joints when designed correctly.Alongside the earth, the material palette comprises cedar shingle roofing, copper drainpipes, Chicksgrove limestone sills, bag-rubbed brick and reclaimed greenheart timber colonnades.AdvertisementOnce fully complete, the scheme will be one of a few examples in the UK that use unstabilised rammed earth.Visual: Tuckey Design StudioProject dataLocation Wiltshire | Start on site March 2021 | Expected completion April 2025 | Construction cost Undisclosed | Client Private | Structural engineer Webb Yates | Contractor Stonewood Builders | Rammed earth consultant Lehm Ton Erde |Natural materials Unstabilised rammed earth, Chicksgrove and Purbeck limestone, reclaimed greenheart oak, cedar shingles, Douglas fir, clay plaster, myceliumShugborough Visitor Centre by Citizens Design BureauPhotography: Citizens Design BureauGranted planning permission in 2024, this is a net zero welcome centre built with straw bales on the 17th century, Grade I-listed Shugborough Estate in the West Midlands. London-based Citizens Design Bureau has designed a curved eco-lodge, whose structure will be constructed from renewable and locally sourced materials, using a timber structure and straw bale infill to minimise carbon emissions, in addition to blown glass, sheeps wool and wood fibre board.Providing ticketing, a caf, toilets and access facilities on the site of a currently underutilised outbuilding, the shape of the centre has been designed to curve around the roots of an oak tree, while a second structure housing toilets and services mirrors the curve, protecting the root zone of chestnut trees behind the building. Heating will be drawn from ground source heat pumps, with electricity provided by a combination of roof and ground-mounted photovoltaic cells. The aim is for operational net zero, with a predicted energy use of 49.4-52.9 kWh/m.The building will be a new gateway for the 365ha Shugborough estate, which has been managed by the National Trust since 2017. It forms part of the National Trusts masterplan for the estate, which includes accessibility improvements and rewilding across the site.AdvertisementReferencing Shugboroughs history of horticultural innovation including growing Britains first hothouse pineapple the faade features a textured pineapple pattern created using pargetting, a traditional but dying craft employing lime, sand and water.Visual: Secchi SmithProject dataLocation Milford, Great Haywood, Stafford | Start on site Wider site construction: December 2024, visitor centre: April 2025 | Expected completion December 2025 | Construction cost 2.7 million | Client The National Trust |Structural engineer Civic Engineers |M&E engineer Introba |Straw bale specialist Wellspring Architecture |Natural materials Straw bales, lime pargetting, lime render, clay plaster, wood fibre boardsWelfare Building, The Heathland School by Wellspring ArchitecturePhoto: Webb YatesRecently completed, this 250m building provides facilities along with a sensory garden for The Heathland School, which caters for students with special educational needs. Employing a number of natural and circular economy techniques, the scheme has a unique structure that employs both low-carbon and recycled materials throughout, including foundations made of recycled car tyres and timber piles. The external walls are formed with loadbearing straw bales sourced from a local farm in Osterley, which in turn support an asymmetric timber pitched roof. The windows and doors are all made using 100 per cent FSC-certified timber frames.Being located beneath a busy flight path, the building had to meet rigorous acoustic criteria, achieved through high-performance acoustic glazing and the properties of the straw bale walls and dense natural fibre insulation in the roof. The building also meets stringent accessibility requirements. The combination of high thermal insulation, incorporation of MVHR and solar PV panels, in addition to the windows, make the building net zero in operation.Construction started with the timber roof, propped by temporary works, to keep the straw bales dry and viable while stored on site. Once the walls were constructed, the roof was then lowered onto them. The roof features a lightweight living roof on its shallower pitch and cedar shingles on its steeper pitch.The project engaged trainees from The School of Natural Building during the construction programme, offering practical courses in straw bale building.Visual: Wellspring ArchitectureProject dataLocation Hounslow, London TW4 |Start on site July 2023 |Completion September 2024 |Construction cost Undisclosed |Client London Borough of Hounslow |Structural engineer Webb Yates |Contractor Borras Construction |Natural materials Loadbearing straw bales, timber, wood fibre, lime render, rough sawn larch, clay plaster, local ash dado cladding, recycled gypsum boards317 Finchley Road by GroupworkPhotography: Webb YatesThis 3,000m granite stone building, providing 22 homes above lower-level workspace in north-west London, is due to complete at the end of this year.Using approximately 725 tonnes of granite from Larvik in Norway, the project is a 10-storey self-finished stone structure, completely loadbearing, without the need for steel reinforcement bars or a secondary structure the first building of its kind since the last stone cathedrals were erected. The volcanic rock will form 596 columns and beams. When finished, it will have about 80 per cent less embodied carbon than a steel frame clad in stone and 55 per cent less than a concrete structure clad in stone.The volcanic rock was chosen after extensive fire testing of its performance compared with limestone at the British Research Establishment. It was discovered that a lava stone exoskeleton would require roughly half the amount of stone to that of a limestone exoskeleton, due to its superior resistance to internal fracture during a fire.The scheme won planning permission in 2016, but former developer Linea Homes only carried out demolition of the existing building before selling the site.Visual: GroupworkProject dataLocation 317 Finchley Road, London NW3 |Start on site November 2021 |Expected completion October 2025 |Construction cost Undisclosed |Client 317 Finchley Road |Structural engineer Webb Yates | Contractor Ernest Park |Stonemason Lundhs |Natural materials GraniteWolves Lane Horticulture Centre by Studio Gil and Material CulturesPhoto: Henry WoideThis former council-run plant nursery and garden centre in Haringey was taken on in 2017 by a consortium of community food-growing organisations and volunteers, including the Black-led community interest company The Initiative, growers enterprise Black Rootz and OrganicLea, a co-operative producing and distributing food and plants locally.Plans under way for revitalising this semi-derelict site include three new low-carbon buildings, along with a series of courtyard spaces, constructed from bio-based materials such as straw and locally sourced timber. The scheme focuses on growing and distributing wholesome food and engaging local communities in education, enterprise and events.Billed as a replicable model for community-led market gardens, the project has been backed by the Mayor of Londons Good Growth-funded Market Garden City programme, aiming to develop plots for local food production, distribution and kitchens, which also offer access to green space, training, volunteering and employment. The scheme will provide a new community hall for hosting communal kitchens, workshops and events; an office and classroom building for the African diaspora-led Ubele Initiative campaign group; and a large communal distribution building and food store.The construction system consists of a lightweight timber frame infilled with straw bales sourced from a farm just outside London. The frames are being constructed from lower-grade C16 timber, sourced from smaller local mills. The elevations are lime-rendered and overclad in places by timber screens, providing additional protection.As much material as possible was retained from the existing buildings. Concrete waste from existing slabs were used to form the rubble trench foundations and clay extracted when digging them was used as plaster for the internal walls.One of the most important elements of the project has been the notion of the site as classroom, with participatory design and knowledge-transfer at the core of the design and construction process. This has ensured that the knowledge and skills needed to maintain the buildings have been learnt by the community that will occupy them.Visual: Studio Gil and Material CulturesProject dataLocation Wolves Lane, London N22 |Start on site June 2023 |Expected completion May 2025 |Construction cost 2.3 million |Client The Ubele Initiative, OrganicLea |Structural engineer Tisserin | Contractor WORK |Straw bale specialist School of Natural Building |Natural materials Straw bales, clay plaster, limecrete