Switch RTX Nvidia confirms the Switch 2 supports DLSS, G-Sync, and ray-tracing Nvidia says the Switch 2's GPU is 10 times faster than the original Switch. Andrew Cunningham Apr 3, 2025 3:32 pm | 27 The Nintendo Switch 2. Credit: Nintendo The Nintendo Switch 2. Credit: Nintendo Story textSizeSmallStandardLargeWidth *StandardWideLinksStandardOrange* Subscribers only Learn moreIn the wake of the Switch 2 reveal, neither Nintendo nor Nvidia has gone into any detail at all about the exact chip inside the upcoming handheldtechnically, we are still not sure what Arm CPU architecture or what GPU architecture it uses, how much RAM we can expect it to have, how fast that memory will be, or exactly how many graphics cores we're looking at.But interviews with Nintendo executives and a blog post from Nvidia did at least confirm several of the new chip's capabilities. The "custom Nvidia processor" has a GPU "with dedicated [Ray-Tracing] Cores and Tensor Cores for stunning visuals and AI-driven enhancements," writes Nvidia Software Engineering VP Muni Anda.This means that, as rumored, the Switch 2 will support Nvidia's Deep Learning Super Sampling (DLSS) upscaling technology, which helps to upscale a lower-resolution image into a higher-resolution image with less of a performance impact than native rendering and less loss of quality than traditional upscaling methods. For the Switch games that can render at 4K or at 120 FPS 1080p, DLSS will likely be responsible for making it possible.The other major Nvidia technology supported by the new Switch is G-Sync, which prevents screen tearing when games are running at variable frame rates. Nvidia notes that G-Sync is only supported in handheld mode and not in docked mode, which could be a limitation of the Switch dock's HDMI port.The current Switch hardware is mostly too old to take advantage of these technologies. A handful of late Switch games like The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom, did make some use of AMD's hardware-agnostic (and lower quality) FidelityFX Super Resolution upscaling to squeeze out more performance, but at a certain point the base hardware is just too old and slow to achieve acceptable results.For the Switch 2, a good deal of circumstantial evidence points to the Nvidia T239a slightly cut-down version of the Nvidia Orin T234 it sells for automotive, industrial, and robotics applicationspowering the handheld. (In Nvidia's branding scheme, smaller/lower numbers denote a higher-end chip). The T239, or whatever Switch-specific variant of the chip ends up being inside the Switch 2, uses Nvidia's Ampere graphics architecture, the same as 2020 and 2021's GeForce RTX 30-series GPUs for PCs.Ampere doesn't support DLSS Frame Generation, a new feature Nvidia has marketed for the GeForce 40- and 50-series GPUs that generates entirely new frames using the tensor cores rather than touching up existing frames. But it does support all of Nvidia's DLSS upscaling models and hardware-accelerated ray-tracing, making it a good candidate for the Switch 2's GPU architecture.Andrew CunninghamSenior Technology ReporterAndrew CunninghamSenior Technology Reporter Andrew is a Senior Technology Reporter at Ars Technica, with a focus on consumer tech including computer hardware and in-depth reviews of operating systems like Windows and macOS. Andrew lives in Philadelphia and co-hosts a weekly book podcast called Overdue. 27 Comments

A boot print on the dusty surface of the moonPublic domain sourced / access rights from CBW / AlamyFuture lunar bases could be powered by solar cells made on-site from melted moon dust.Building items on the moon, using materials that are already there, would be more practical than shipping them from Earth. When Felix Lang at the University of Potsdam in Germany heard about this idea, he instantly knew what to do. It was like, We have to make a solar cell like this, immediately, he says. AdvertisementTwo years later, Langs team has built and tested several solar cells featuring moon dust as an ingredient. The other key component is a crystal called halide perovskite, which contains elements such as lead, bromine and iodine, alongside long molecules of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen.The team melted a synthetic version of lunar regolith the layer of loose rocks and dust that blankets the moon into moonglass, which they then layered with the crystal to complete a solar cell. They did not purify the regolith, so the moonglass was less transparent than materials in conventional solar cells. But Lang says that the teams best prototypes still reached about 12 per cent efficiency. More conventional perovskite solar cells typically reach efficiencies close to 26 per cent; Lang says computer simulations suggest his team could reach that number in the future.In general, researchers agree that perovskite solar cells will outperform the more traditional silicon-based devices, both in space and on Earth. From the lunar standpoint, using perovskite materials is also attractive because they can be kept very thin, which would reduce the weight of the material to be transported to the moon. According to the teams estimates, a solar cell with an area of 400 square metres would require only about a kilogram of perovskite. This is an impressive claim, says Ian Crawford at Birkbeck, University of London.Voyage across the galaxy and beyond with our space newsletter every month.Sign up to newsletterNot having to purify the regolith is similarly important, as it means that no special reactors would be necessary. In fact, Lang says that a large curved mirror and sunlight could create a beam of light warm enough to make moonglass. One of his colleagues already tested this technique on the roof of their university and saw some signs of regolith melting, he says.Nicholas Bennett at the University of Technology Sydney says that, while past studies tried to process lunar regolith into transparent glass, this is the first time that a solar cell has been shown to work instead with the less finicky moonglass. The challenge now, he says, is to make lots of moonglass outside the lab. If successful, such melting technology could help create other items a lunar base may need, like tiles, says Crawford.Michael Duke at the Lunar and Planetary Institute says that manufacturing moonglass-based solar cells will require many technological advancements, from excavating regolith to connecting individual cells into arrays. Still, if a solar cell factory were ever established on the moon, it could have positive knock-on effects. In this future, space-based systems like satellites could use moon-made solar cells instead of those created on Earth, because launching payloads from the moon requires less energy, he says.Lang and his colleagues are now working on increasing their solar cells efficiency. For instance, they are working out whether they can improve the quality of their moonglass by using magnets to pick out iron from the regolith before melting it.Ultimately, they want to expand the process to other dusty denizens of space. We are already thinking, Can we make this work with Mars regolith? Lang says.Journal referenceDevice DOI: 10.1016/j.device.2025.100747Topics:

Some companies are preparing to raise prices in response to President Donald Trump's tariff proposals. Brandon Bell/Getty, Tyler Le/BI 2025-04-03T20:36:13Z SaveSaved Read in app This story is available exclusively to Business Insider subscribers. Become an Insider and start reading now.Have an account? Trump followed through on months of tariff threats, announcing levies on dozens of countries.Even before his so-called "Liberation Day," companies warned they would pass costs on to shoppers.BI is keeping track of companies that said they'd raise prices due to tariffs.Companies could and already have started raising prices on Americans in response to President Donald Trump's latest slew of tariffs.While firms raise prices for many reasons, some were blaming hikes on tariffs long before Trump's so-called "Liberation Day." Now that he's announced tariffs on over f180 countries on top of a 10% baseline tariff on all imports, more price increase announcements are sure to follow. Autos, in particular, are an area of focus since Trump announced a 25% tariff on all car imports into the US."April 2, 2025, will forever be remembered as the day American industry was reborn, the day America's destiny was reclaimed, and the day that we began to make America wealthy again," Trump said during his remarks.Some economists have said that Trump's tariffs and the uncertainty with his overall trade policy could lead companies to raise prices on the goods they produce. "Both businesses and consumers are getting shaken by this approach," Heather Boushey, an economist who served on former President Joe Biden's Council of Economic Advisors, told reporters on a Tuesday press call.At the end of 2024, some companies warned that they would consider raising prices on consumers if Trump implemented his broad tariff proposals. While it's still possible they could absorb some of the costs of the tariffs, here are the companies that have warned of price increases.AutoZonePhilip Daniele, the CEO of the auto-parts company AutoZone, told analysts on a September earnings call that tariff policies had "ebbed and flowed over the years," and if Trump implemented more tariffs, "we will pass those tariff costs back to the consumer.""We generally raise prices ahead of that," Daniele said, adding that prices would gradually settle over time. "So, that's historically what we've done," he said.Trump's 25% tariff on car imports is expected to increase manufacturing costs by anywhere from $4,000 to $12,000.Columbia SportswearTim Boyle, the CEO of Columbia Sportswear, told analysts on an October earnings call that the company was "very concerned about the imposition of tariffs. " He said that while he considered Columbia adept at managing tariffs, "trade wars are not good and not easy to win."Boyle also told The Washington Post in October that the company was "set to raise prices.""It's going to be very, very difficult to keep products affordable for Americans," he said. He later said in a February interview with CNBC that "we need some surety about what is going to happen" before making price changes.Stanley Black & DeckerDonald Allan, the CEO of the manufacturing company Stanley Black & Decker, told analysts in an October earnings call that the company had been evaluating "a variety of different scenarios" to plan for new tariffs under Trump."And obviously, coming out of the gate, there would be price increases associated with tariffs that we put into the market," Allan said, adding that "there's usually some type of delay given the processes that our customers have around implementing price."Allan later said during a February earnings call: "Our approach to any tariff scenario will be to offset the impacts with a mix of supply chain and pricing actions, which might lag the formalization of tariffs by two to three months."WalmartWalmart CFO John David Rainey told CNBC on November 19 that the company will likely raise prices if Trump's tariff proposals are implemented."We never want to raise prices," he said. "Our model is everyday low prices. But there probably will be cases where prices will go up for consumers."The company's CEO, Doug McMillan, said during a February earnings call that "tariffs are something we've managed for many years, and we'll just continue to manage that."Best BuyBest Buy CEO Corie Barry said during the company's March earnings call that Trump's tariff plans are likely to increase prices."Trade is critically important to our business and industry. The consumer electronic supply chain is highly global, technical and complex," Barry said. "We expect our vendors across our entire assortment will pass along some level of tariff costs to retailers, making price increases for American consumers highly likely."TargetTarget CEO Brian Cornell told CNBC in a March interview that Trump's 25% tariff plan on goods from Mexico and Canada would likely result in price increases on produce."Those are categories where we'll try to protect pricing, but the consumer will likely see price increases over the next couple of days," Cornell said.VolkswagenAccording to a memo first reported by Automotive News, Volkswagen said it would place an import fee on vehicles made outside of the US in response to Trump's 25% tariff on car imports.The company said it would provide more details on its pricing changes in response to the tariffs by mid-April.Have a tip? Reach out to this reporter at asheffey@businessinsider.com.Recommended video

Westend61/Getty Images/Westend61 2025-04-03T20:18:31Z SaveSaved Read in app This story is available exclusively to Business Insider subscribers. Become an Insider and start reading now.Have an account? A mom of two grew up in an anti-vax community after her own mom said she had a bad reaction to a vaccine.Over the years, she started questioning her beliefs and now vaccinates her kids.Her sons just got the measles vaccine at 7 and 9.This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with a mom of two in South Carolina. She asked to remain anonymous to protect the privacy of her children and parents. It has been edited for length and clarity.When I was an infant, I had a bad reaction to a vaccine. My mom couldn't wake me up for an entire day at least, that's how she remembers it.That was in the early 90s, and my parents were living at the intersection of conservative Christianity and crunchy parenting. They were surrounded by people who didn't vaccinate, and my reaction scared my mom. I'm the oldest of eight, and after that, none of us got vaccines. My parents fell deeper into anti-vax misinformation.Vaccines were always a topic of conversation around me growing up. As a teen, I read a book by Jenny McCarthy in which she said she believes her son's autism was caused by the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine a theory that numerous scientific studies have debunked.Despite that, I was never one of those people who makes being anti-vax their whole personality. I was somewhat open to vaccineswhich is more common than stereotypes about anti-vaxxers would have you think. In my early 20s, I got a few vaccines before a trip to South America. I was concerned about getting sick there and thought vaccines could help protect me against pathogens like those that cause tetanus and diphtheria. I felt my adult body could handle a few vaccines.The pandemic solidified my willingness to vaccinateMy husband had a similar upbringing. When our son was born 9 years ago, I started reading books and research about vaccines. I could see value in some of them, but I had a lot of questions and still wasn't comfortable vaccinating. But my son's pediatrician didn't seem to be interested in answering my questions about vaccines. I'm not sure if he didn't have the time, the knowledge, or the willingness to engage in the conversation.The next two years were stressful for our family. It was a time of change, including the death of my mother-in-law while I was pregnant with my second child. I started questioning my parenting beliefs further, and critically evaluating how I'd been raised including what I'd been taught about vaccines.Immediately after that, the pandemic started. The COVID vaccine rollout a year later solidified my belief in vaccines. My husband works in a hospital, and I saw the immediate benefit vaccines had. Later, seeing how quickly the government paused the rollout of the Johnson and Johnson vaccine due to rare side effects was reassuring I felt there really was accountability for vaccine safety. My husband and I started discussing vaccinating the kids.I want other vaccine-hesitant parents to see my storyGetting the kids up-to-date with vaccines is a long process. It's still hard for me and them. Luckily, our new pediatrician is a great resource for creating a plan that works for us. They're behind a typical vaccine schedule, but we recently got their MMR vaccines, in part because of measles outbreaks in the US.Even though I knew it was the right choice, it was hard for me. I was proud that I overcame this challenging belief I used to have. But I also want parents like me to see it is OK to change their minds.Changing minds takes respect and timeOne thing that felt very disingenuous to me in the past was when people advocating for vaccination said vaccines have no risk. Everything in life has risks, and it's important to acknowledge that. Today, I know the risk from vaccines is extremely minimal and comes with a huge reward. I put it in perspective by thinking about how driving is a much bigger risk and one I take every day.I was a good mom when I wasn't vaccinating my kids, and I'm a good mom now. Any conversation about vaccines should start with that in mind. Get curious about a person's reasons for not vaccinating. Don't blame, judge, or try to change their minds just ask about their beliefs. Maybe they'll ask about yours, too.Don't expect immediate change. For me, this took years, and it's still difficult. But you never know when a piece of your conversation might stick with someone and open them to more honest, nonjudgmental conversations about vaccination.Recommended video

The Trump administrations tariffs are, by every reasonable account, an economic catastrophe in the making. So why are they happening?One explanation is that this is simply democracy at work. President Donald Trump campaigned on doing more or less exactly what hes just done, and the voting public elected him. So here we are.Thats at best a partial story. In fact, its probably more accurate to see Trumps tariffs as a symptom of democratic decay of America transitioning into a kind of strange hybrid system that combines both authoritarian and democratic features.Were Americas democracy functioning properly, Trump wouldnt have the power to impose such broad tariffs unilaterally. Congress, not the presidency, has the constitutional authority to raise taxes and tariffs are, of course, a tax on imports.Yet the basic design of the American system has broken down, allowing the president to usurp far more authority than is healthy. In many policy areas, the presidency functions less like a democratic chief executive who operates under constraint and more like an elected dictatorship. And historically, dictatorships elected or otherwise suffer from a fatal flaw: they have no ability to stop the people at the top from acting on their policy whims and, in the process, producing national disasters. This tendency is why democracy tends to produce superior policy outcomes over the long run; why America, and not Nazi Germany or the Soviet Union, won the 20th century.The tariffs, in short, show the true stakes of democratic decline. Its not just a matter of abstract principle, but the difference between stability and disaster.Americas democratic decline caused the tariffsWhen Donald Trump and Elon Musk began laying waste to the federal government in February, the political scientist Adam Przeworski declared himself at a loss. Though Przeworski is one of the worlds most eminent scholars of comparative democracy, author of many defining pieces in the field, he could not find the right vocabulary to describe what was happening in the United States.Though Trump was elected in fair elections, his subsequent policy agenda amounted to revolutionary change of the relation between the state and society one that attempts to replace the rules and norms that define democratic politics with something very different.Understanding America in this more textured sense, as a country under a new and confusing regime that is both democratic and not, helps us make better sense out of the Trump tariff debacle.On the one hand, an electorate that picked Trump is getting one of Trumps signature policies. Sometimes, in democracies, demagogues win elections a problem so old that you can find a discussion of it in Platos Republic.On the other hand, democracies rely on legal rules constraining the executive to prevent any such demagogue from becoming a dictator. In the American system, that means a complex system of constitutional checks and balances one of which is the Constitution granting taxation powers to Congress and Congress alone. Yet instead of asking for statutory authorization to raise tariffs, Trump is exploiting broadly worded emergency legislation to do an end-run around the legislative branch.This is what a hybrid political system looks like in practice. The United States still has free and fair elections at all levels of government, and is in that sense democratic. But elections dont matter in the way that theyre supposed to, because the peoples representatives in Congress are not playing their constitutionally assigned policymaking role. This is the autocratic component of the current American system, one that enables the president to sabotage the global economy if he so wishes.The transformation of America, from democracy to Frankensteinian amalgam, has been in the works for decades.The primary culprit is Congress, which has due to a combination of partisanship and political cowardice become both unable and unwilling to act as the supreme lawmaking body. Instead, it began delegating significant amounts of its own authority to the executive.Sometimes, this was intentional authorizing the president to make policy through executive agencies, creating the administrative state conservatives decry. Sometimes, it was unintentional: Congress giving the president vague emergency powers that were supposed to function in narrow circumstances, but in practice allowed the president to act unilaterally in all sorts of normal policy debates. And sometimes, Congress simply did nothing on crucial policy issues forcing the president to try to address them with dubiously broad interpretations of their own powers.The judicial branch deserves some blame too. While the Supreme Court has occasionally stepped in to address presidential overreach, it has done so in a haphazard and partisan way. Moreover, it has long deferred to the president on key issues like immigration, trade, and war.Observers on both the liberal left and the libertarian right warned for decades that growing executive power posed a problem for democracy and good policymaking. Obviously, they were right to do so in hindsight. Yet part of the reason that they were ignored is that there were other checks on the president that seemed to keep the executive in line.Some of these were internal executive branch checks. The White House relied on the Office of Legal Counsel a group of senior executive branch attorneys to provide independent opinions on the legality of various policy options. Internal policy shops like the Council of Economic Advisers provided informed expert opinions that would steer presidents toward more evidence-based policymaking. In dire cases, the Justice Department would probe potentially criminal activity by executive branch staff.Other checks were more informal. Fear of losing the war for public opinion might prevent a president from taking a particularly radical stance. The presidents own moral code, a sense that there are just certain things one shouldnt do even if you can, also provided a kind of soft check on the abuse of power.But whats clear now is that all of these internal mechanisms were voluntary. Trump has neutered executive branch checks on his authority and (clearly!) does not possess the judgment we expect from people in the highest office. It turns out that the rest of the political system and especially Congress had created the conditions for our descent into a hybrid political system. The only barriers remaining were norms about how the executive branch should work, ones that a determined president like Trump could smash through with ease.The tariffs show why our hybrid system is so dangerousSometimes, the stakes in this kind of conversation can feel a little fuzzy. Why does it matter if we are living in a hybrid system rather than a full democracy? Sure, the president may be powerful, but if weve still got elections, then isnt everything going to be fine in the end? The tariffs provide one of the clearest examples of why this matters for everyone: without democracy, the quality of our policymaking gets dangerously worse.Political scientists have long found that, on average, democracies produce better outcomes for citizens than authoritarian states. They produce higher rates of economic growth, superior technological innovation, better public health services, and are even more likely to win wars.One of the key reasons for democracys success has been its formalized policymaking process. Because laws are changed through legal and transparent processes, ones subject to public debate and legal oversight, they are more likely to both be well-informed by the best available evidence and corrected if something goes badly. Authoritarian and hybrid regimes ditch these constraints, which allows them to make policy changes a lot faster. But it also enables one person, or a small group of people, to make radical decisions on a whim with disastrous consequences.Think about Maos Great Leap Forward in China, a direct product of the leaders adherence to a Communist ideology that was out of touch with reality. While Trumps tariffs are nowhere near as evil the Great Leap Forward killed somewhere between 18 and 32 million people the same formal problem contributed to both mistakes.For a more recent example, look at Russias invasion of Ukraine. The disaster began with Putins personal obsession with the idea that Ukrainian nationhood was fake and that the territory was rightfully Russian. This notion went from Putins personal obsession to actual war because no one could stop him.Trumps tariffs will, if fully implemented, be remembered as their own cautionary tale. While he campaigned on them, he wouldnt have been able to implement the entire tariff package had he gone through the normal constitutionally prescribed procedure for raising taxes. The fact that America isnt functioning like a normal democracy, with public deliberation and multiple checks on executive authority, is what allowed Trump to act on his idiosyncratic ideas in the manner of a Mao or Putin.Now, its still possible that Trump steps back from the brink. But even if he does, and the worst outcome is avoided, the lesson should be clear: the long decay of Americas democratic system means that we are all living under an axe.And if this isnt the moment it falls, there will surely be another.See More:

On Wednesday, President Donald Trump announced sweeping new tariffs on pretty much everything imported into the United States. Among other things, the tariffs include a 10 percent minimum tax of imports outside of North America, a hodgepodge of different tax rates on Canadian and Mexican goods, a 25 percent tax on cars manufactured outside the US, and a chaotic mix of country-specific tariffs ranging from 10 to 50 percent.Trumps tariffs are likely to deal a significant self-inflicted blow to the US economy. As of this writing, the S&P 500 a common index used to track US stock prices is down about 4 percent. The Budget Lab at Yale predicts that the tariffs will cause enough inflation to effectively reduce the average US households annual income by $3,789 in 2024 dollars. A similar analysis by Auckland University of Technology economics professor Niven Winchester predicts a $3,487 blow to US households.Thus far, Trumps second presidential term has been a series of staring contests between Trump and the courts. Trumps tariffs could lead to yet another, though the answer to the question of whether a lawsuit challenging them might succeed is quite unclear. And not just because the Supreme Court has shown great solicitude for Trump in recent years. The federal laws governing tariffs give the president very broad authority over trade policy generally, and specifically over tariff rates. A court concerned solely with following the text of federal law is likely to uphold Trumps tariffs.But the current Supreme Court is not such a court. During the Biden administration, the Courts Republican majority frequently used a novel legal doctrine known as major questions to strike down executive branch actions they deemed too ambitious. Under the doctrine, the courts are supposed to cast a particularly skeptical eye on executive branch actions of vast economic and political significance like, say, a new tax policy that is likely to cost the average American household thousands of dollars a year.The major questions doctrine cannot be found somewhere in the Constitution or a federal statute. It is fairly new, the Court has never explained where it comes from, and it appears to be entirely made up by the Republican justices. So it is difficult to predict whether those justices will apply it to a Republican president, or whether they will deem Trumps tariffs a violation of this entirely arbitrary doctrine.Still, the argument that Trumps tariffs violate the major questions doctrine is sufficiently straightforward that it would be easy for a judge to write an opinion reaching this conclusion. It might seem that Republican judges, especially those appointed by Trump, would hesitate to apply the doctrine in a manner that would harm him. Judicial politics, however, do not always align perfectly with the behavior of elected officials.Federal judges serve for life, so they do not need to fear electoral retaliation if they break with a president of the same party. And justices sometimes have ideological commitments that trump their loyalty to whatever transient agenda their partys political leaders are pushing at any given moment. The major questions doctrine centralizes power in the judiciary, something that members of the judiciary may find attractive. And a decision applying this doctrine to a Republican president would help legitimize it, as it has previously only been used against Biden.There is a very real chance, in other words, that five justices would place their commitment to judicial supervision of the executive above their commitment to Trump striking down his tariffs in the process.In his executive order announcing the latest round of tariffs, Trump claims the power to do so under a wide range of federal laws, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act and the Trade Act of 1974. Though these laws do impose some constraints on Trump and his subordinates, those constraints are largely procedural and impose few substantive limits on the scope and size of tariffs.Under one provision of the Trade Act, for example, the US Trade Representative, a Cabinet-level position currently held by Jamieson Greer, must make certain findings such as a determination that a foreign countrys conduct is unjustifiable and burdens or restricts United States commerce, or that this countrys actions are unreasonable or discriminatory and burdens or restricts United States commerce before the United States may impose new tariffs under this act.Once Greer does so, however, executive power to tax imports is quite broad. The government may impose duties or other import restrictions on the goods of, and, notwithstanding any other provision of law, fees or restrictions on the services of, such foreign country for such time as the trade representative determines appropriate.Trumps latest executive order, meanwhile, appears to rely heavily on his power to regulate trade after declaring a national emergency the order makes such a declaration in response to what he labels the domestic economic policies of key trading partners and structural imbalances in the global trading system.Notably, this law only permits the president to declare such an emergency to deal with any unusual and extraordinary threat, which has its source in whole or substantial part outside the United States, but the law does not define terms like national emergency or usual and extraordinary threat.Once a declaration of emergency is in place, the presidents powers are quite broad under the statute. Trump may regulate any property in which any foreign country or any national thereof has or has had any interest.The Court doesnt pay much attention to the text of federal laws in its major questions decisionsThough the text of the laws governing presidential authority over tariffs give Trump and his administration a great deal of authority, so did another law known as the Heroes Act. That law gives the education secretary sweeping power to waive or modify student loan obligations as the Secretary deems necessary in connection with a war or other military operation or national emergency such as the Covid pandemic.But the Courts Republican majority paid no heed to this broad statutory language in Biden v. Nebraska (2023), which struck down a Biden administration program that would have forgiven $10,000 worth of student loans for most borrowers.Nebraska relied, at least in part, on the major questions doctrine, claiming that the student loan forgiveness program was illegal because it was simply too big. The economic and political significance of the Secretarys action is staggering by any measure, the six Republican justices claimed in that opinion, pointing to a University of Pennsylvania analysis that concluded that the student loan forgiveness program would cost between $469 billion and $519 billion.Trumps tariffs, meanwhile, involve similarly eye-popping numbers. According to the Census Bureau, there are about 127 million households in the United States. If Yales Budget Lab is correct that the average household will lose $3,789 in real annual income because of Trumps tariffs, that means that American consumers face a staggering loss of more than $480 billion in real income.In fairness, Nebraska also pointed to what it called the unprecedented nature of the Secretarys debt cancellation plan to justify its conclusion, and Trump may be able to point to a precedent for the kind of sweeping tariffs he recently announced. In 1971, President Richard Nixon briefly imposed a 10 percent tariff on nearly all foreign goods, and a federal appeals court upheld this tariff. Notably, however, Congress has since amended some of the laws that Nixon relied upon more than half a century ago.Additionally, there appears to be a bit of a debate over whether the major questions doctrine applies to laws that delegate power directly to the president as opposed to a statute like the Heroes Act, which empowers a cabinet secretary or other agency-level official. In Nebraska v. Su (2024), for example, the Biden administration argued that this doctrine does not apply to the president. Though the federal appeals court which heard this case did not reach this question, Trump-appointed Judge Ryan Nelson argued that it does in part because the separation of powers concerns that animated decisions like Nebraska apply equally regardless of whether executive power is exercised by the president or one of his subordinates.Its impossible to guess whether the current slate of justices will rule that the Nixon precedent justifies setting aside the major questions doctrine, or whether they will conclude that this doctrine does not apply to Trump. Again, this doctrine is brand new, is not grounded in any constitutional or statutory text, and appears to be entirely made up by the Courts Republican majority. So asking whether this fabricated doctrine applies to the president is a bit like asking your daughter if her imaginary friend likes to dance. The answer is whatever she wants it to be.Still, the case for applying the major questions doctrine to Trumps tariff is at least as strong as the argument for applying it to Bidens student loan forgiveness plan. And, while this Court has been extraordinarily protective of Trump in the past, there are cynical partisan reasons why its Republican majority may want to apply the major questions doctrine to Trump in this case Republicans would likely get crushed in the next election if Trump tanks the economy with his tariffs.See More:

Following President Trumps announcement of sweeping global tariffs on Wednesday, users on social media were quick to try and decipher the math behind the tariffs. On top of a baseline 10% tariff against the entire world, individual countries will face additional tariffs based on how unfairly Trump believes they are treating the U.S. It turns out, however, that the White House may have used rudimentary suggestions from a chatbot to come to its calculations. From The Verge: Economist James Surowiecki quickly reverse-engineered a possible explanation for the tariff pricing. He found you could recreate each of the White Houses numbers by simply taking a given countrys trade deficit with the US and dividing it by their total exports to the US. Halve that number, and you get a ready-to-use discounted reciprocal tariff. The White House objected to this claim and published the formula it says that it used, but as Politico points out, the formula looks like a dressed-up version of Surowieckis method. Asking various chatbots for a simple way to rectify trade imbalances with other countries, The Verge found that they all suggested a formula that aligns closely with the one used by The White House. That should not be terribly surprising to anyone who understands the fundamentals of chatbots. They are imitating what they frequently see posted online. The trick to understanding chatbots is to preface anything they say with, I have heard a lot of people are saying that But in the same way that you would not trust a survey of fifty people who do not know anything about a subject, you should not trust what a chatbot says either. They confidently say things that are wrong or confounding all the time. Although the administration has denied using a basic chatbot over experienced economists, it has already gotten itself into hot water over its penchant for using consumer apps. It just went through a scandal for prolifically using the consumer app Signal to discuss confidential war plans, a move that seems likely to have been influenced by Elon Musk, who is known for using Signal. And his DOGE cost-cutting initiative has been forthright in its plans to use AI across the federal government in order to cut costs. Further supporting the idea that the White House haphazardly put together its tariff strategy is the fact that there are territories on the list that are uninhabited, like Heard Island. And other countries being hit with tariffs, like Australia, in fact, have a surplus with the United States, meaning they buy more from the United States than they export. You have to wonder if they even read the tariff list before sharing it.There are perfectly good reasons why a country might have a trade deficit with another. The United States is a service economyit does the lucrative work of designing products, developing software, managing supply chains, and other work while outsourcing the physically laborious work to other nations. The U.S. has a trade surplus in services as countries use many American services, from Facebook to Netflix. Every country has what economists call a comparative advantage, something they do well that other countries do not. Americans, put simply, do not want to do the grunt work, so the country imports a lot of goods from countries that will do it. Somehow, the president expects factories are suddenly going to come roaring back, and deporting migrants will not make lettuce more expensive.

io9 is proud to present fiction from Lightspeed Magazine. Once a month, we feature a story from Lightspeeds current issue. This months selection is Does Harlen Lattner Dream of Infected Sheep? (Part 1) by Sarah Langan; part two will post Thursday, April 10. Enjoy! Does Harlen Lattner Dream of Infected Sheep? (Part 1)by Sarah Langan January 16, 2034 From the Associated Press: Congo CEO Jeff Jassey is expected to testify in congress over his companys software update, which literally broke the internet last month. For eighteen seconds, every warehouse, screen, and air traffic control system went dark. Initially invented to assist Congo warehouse workers retrieve stock, Congo software is now the global number one employee-employer interface, with a ninety-eight percent market share. The body opened too easily, like paper wrapping on room temperature butter. This isnt right, Lattner said, at first to himself, then louder, for the trauma nurse and anesthesiologist to hear. The patient, a John Doe, had arrived at the ER reporting pain in his right side and copious bloody vomit. A CT showed a twisted large intestine and organ dysplasia. When Lattner got the alert, hed been trying to read The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter, but mostly worrying about the big reunion. Hed gained thirty pounds since college. Or maybe forty. Would Gerry recognize him? Was Gerry even going? Also, The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter was a really sad book about two best friends or maybe lovers. Theyre the only people who understand one another. Then one of them goes crazy and leaves the other bereft. It was a poor reading selection for a man going through a divorce, living in a divorced sad-man apartment with deep pile carpet and slivers of bar soap caked to the ceramic tile dish in the bathroom. He should have picked an upbeat novel. Something like: Heaven Is Real So Dont Worry So Much! or Dumpy White Guy Success Stories! Hed been relieved when the hospital had pinged his home console; glad for the excuse to leave the house in the middle of the night, where hed been sitting in bed eating peanut butter dipped in granulated sugar with his index finger, nothing but a suicide novel and his own insomnia to keep him company. Now, looking at the patients innards, he was no longer glad. He was freaked out. Are you seeing this? he asked the anesthesiologist, a twenty-something whod checked his Congo App every step to make sure he was doing the job right. Instead of headsets, the younger generation liked to implant their Congo relays against either temporal bone. You could tell because the skin ahead of their ear canals blinked green whenever they were interfacing, which was most of the time. At first, Lattner had tried to talk him through the procedure, set him at ease, but like Lattners teen kids (who also thought he was stupid and irrelevant), the anesthesiologist had ignored him, trusting only the electronic, humanoid voice in his ear. Look. Lattner spread the Balfour retractor, opened the incision widea six-inch slash in this John Does abdomen. It should have been hemorrhaging. But it wasnt. No bleeding at all. There were also no discernable organs. Instead, all the way to the spine and lateral ribs, Lattner found wide organic tubing the color of faded pink Pepto Bismol. Green light blinking, the anesthesiologist didnt know what he was looking at. Just nodded with fake bravado. You? Lattner asked the nurse, Ocean Philips. She was old guard, from before even Lattners time. Shed outlasted all the docs shed come up with, whod gotten cancer or some other toxic exposure diseaseyou think of hospitals as clean, but a lot of chemicals keep them that way. Physician, heal thyself: So many docs had wanted to work past retirement, but noned had the health. Ocean was skinny and short with curly silver and black hair. Shed refused to wear the Congo headset interfaces required of most nurses. Her seniority, all those years of accumulated knowledge, had made her too valuable to fire. At least for now. Lattner imagined that Ocean was just as competent in her private life as her professional one. Probably had four kids and ten grandkids. Babysat them all, kept a clean house, everybody had jobs. Beloved matriarch. How does a person become such a thing? Are they taught it? Do they just know? Lattner widened the Balfour retractor. Where there should have been a stomach and large intestine, all he saw was more coiled pink, wormlike tubing. He indicated for Ocean to reach her gloved hand into the mans internal cavity, root around. See if you can find any organs, he said. Nuh-uh. No way, she said. So, hold the instrument for me, he said. She took it. He rooted on his own, even as he felt a strange retraction all along his scalp, a coldness. Was this a parasite? A giant worm? Lattner found no heart or intestines. No lungs or alimentary canal. The entirety of John Does internal chest cavity was this simple coiled tubing held in webbed place by what appeared to be florid and colorful fungal hyphae, like the mushrooms you might find in a forest. What fluid existed was thin, watery pink, specked with black particles. The whole thing pulsed like breath, up and down, in and out. This is a prank, Ocean said. Someones messing with us. Back in med school, this guy Cameron VanLieden stole the arm off a cadaver and stuck it to the side of a toll booth. Another time, somebody put human eyes in a bowl on their anatomy professors desk. But people didnt play those kinds of jokes anymore. It was a sensitive world, where everybody traveled with lap dogs and cried over microaggressions even as the roads collapsed and the bombs sailed overhead. The wormlike tubing was warm and pulsing through Lattners gloves. Hed never have known this until right now, but a person innately intuits the presence of sentience. This thing was or had once been human. Its not a prank. This is living tissue, he said. Organic. He noodled some more as Ocean, an excellent nurse, anticipated the direction of his hands and adjusted the retractor accordingly. The flowery tubing, a kind of uniform alimentary canal, pulsed oddly in the section lower down, with backflow like a heart murmur. Then he found the problem: it was knotted near the groin. For this reason, the whole apparatus was in a spasm. I see whats wrong. Its this swell right here, he said. Should I untangle it? The kid anesthesiologist was typing on the corner Congo console. What are you doing? Lattner asked him. Im asking the software what to do, he said. The kids skin was pale, with a greenish-yellow hue. These young people didnt get out much. Its routing me to surgical headquarters in India. I think theres a real person there. Whats it say so far? This guys in arrest. Im still at the prompts. Its got all these questions. Im not at the part yet where I explain the problem. Theres not a multiple choice for this. Lattner looked to Ocean. She shrugged a kind of dont ask metheyre paying you the big bucks. Which wasnt true. He wasnt paid big bucks. Sometimes it felt like he was paid with canned cream of corn and Pez. Beads of sweat rolled all down Lattners forehead. The guys whole insides pulsed and swelled, fluid rushing into the knot and getting trapped there. Soon, hed go into cyanotic failure. Lattner needed to do something. Still, if he failed to untangle this knot correctly, he might kill the guy. Thered be an inquiry. The higher-ups would review the recording and quibble over every decision he was about to make. Theyd look at all his prior reviews. Theyd ask him why, right now, he hadnt sewn the guy up and awaited further instructions. Its fine if the outcome is goodnobody cares how you got there. But when its bad, youre neck deep. Looking at the throbbing innards of this human-shaped being, he thought of his rich wife whod left him. He thought of his kids, who didnt like him. He thought of Gerry, whom he hadnt seen in over twenty years. He was a free agent. What did he have to lose? You got an atraumatic clamp? he asked. Ocean handed it over. He clamped the knotted body to hold it still. But Shit! The metal tore right through John Does soft tissue, slicing it open. His whole body went into a spasmodic fit, shoulders slapping steel. Hold him! Lattner cried. Ocean gave Lattner a look that meant: Id better not go down for this. Then she held the man. When that didnt work, she climbed up on the table and shoved her knees up against his shoulders, pinning him. That slowed John Doe down enough that Lattner could carefully release the clamp without tearing any more tissuethat tender, pulsing canal. Does body went scarily still. Torn tissue bled strange and slow, its color cotton candy pink, vital signs going flat. Whatever this washuman or pod personit was dying. Panting, his mask wet with old breath, he reached inside the patients cavity and unknotted the canal like untwisting moss-slippery boat rope. Right away, the thrumming stopped. John Does fluid whooshed, all in the same direction. Vitals rose slightly, with a pulse of twenty and oxygen levels at forty five percent. The patient stabilized. Classified Internal Memorandum, Congo Corp February 13, 2032 To: Mica Peters, Congo CEO Lorna Lattner, Department of Innovation, Legal Frank Henry, Congo Trust Reserve, Applications From: Paul Mackenzie, R&D Simon Iscariott, R&D Lucas Johnson, R&D To our senior officers, Imagine a world without pain. Imagine drudgery without suffering. The new Congo Application offers exactly this. For years, weve heard the cries from employees. At last weve found our solution. It is with great pride that we proudly introduce Congo 5.0. The solution to modern life. An hour later Lattner watched the playback of the surgery. In it, he appeared especially fat, bald, and middle-aged. This was not revelatory, but rather, a familiar disappointment. The recording evaluated his performance according to a rubric that took agility, decisiveness, cleanliness, and politeness into account. Hed gotten a two out of ten. Congo stopped the program on Lattner as hed asked the nurse what was happening and announced: spreading negative emotions; halting activity; paralysis. Lattner entered a dispute ticket, upon which he wrote: The guys organs were dissolving on the table. Hes either an alien or a symbiote. Fear and paralysis were appropriate responses. But the algorithm had no matches for dissolving organs or alien so the dispute was denied. The film continued. Lattner watched his too flawed, too human body onscreen. He watched himself fish inside the patient with his hands. Hands arent allowed! Congos voice announced. Error! Error! But screw Congo, because he saw, with great satisfaction, that hed completed the surgery with competence. Hed saved this thing, whatever it was. As Congo continued to deliver more advice (If patient sues for malpractice, please be aware the hospital will not pay for your lawyer. Use of hands is a violation!), he found himself smiling. Hed been down on himself lately. But he was a good surgeon. He sent the footage to everyone on staff, plus his old colleagues, plus Congo, with its tentacles on every continent. Yeah, he muttered as he watched the footage again and again. Thats not human. Is it human? Thats not human. A half-hour later, no one had gotten back to him. He stopped at triage. According to the nurse there, John Doe had shown up late the night before with a swollen abdomen and amnesia. Shed given him Congo E-File paperwork, told him to fill out what he could. Then hed thrown up blood and fainted. How did he present to you? She looked at him blankly. Was he cognizant? Were his wits about him? The nurse shrugged. She was wearing her headset, listening to a voice in there instead of him. What was it telling her? Was it even talking, or was it playing slow, soporific music to soothe the monotony of her work? I dont remember. He went to surgical processing on the second floor. Can I see his clothes? he asked the two admins. They exchanged glances. This was unheard of. Doctors never picked through patient clothing. Its not allowed, they finally agreed. You could hold it up in the Ziplock; just let me see. I wont touch anything. I have reason to believe he carried an infectious disease. Youll need permission. I cant take something out unless I log it and I cant log it unless I have permission, the admins said in flat stereo, each clearly repeating the instructions that had come through their headsets. Lattner looked at one, then the other. When I went into medicine, I thought people would respect me. They looked back at him like being a middle aged white man was a sin, and he deserved to die. Maybe, in the name of all privileged people everywhere, he deserved exactly this. But as a man whose life had turned out pretty shitty, whod come from nothing and had the terrible suspicion he was headed for nothing again, it felt unfair. In search of permission, he went to the dean of surgical excellence, a nice smart guy with hands as precise as baked potatoes. Management had promoted him past his ability just to get him away from patients. Through a smart Congo investment, his dad owned the hospital. I got your message. Fascinating case. Looks like infection by invasive species to me. But I cant grant you access, Dr. Tucker Rhodes said. Actually, Congo cant grant it. Theres no specific form and they dont let me create new ones. They have to be preexisting. Theres a real person in Madison, Wisconsin apparently, but the hold time is two days. Theyre gonna call me back. A man whod made only safe decisions his whole life, and had consequently grown tired of his life, Lattner didnt give a shit. This wont wait two days. What about next of kin? If theres no next of kin, which there isnt, I can claim that. Tucker typed into the Congo console. These were mounted touchscreens. The attendant wireless headsets most people were required to wear were ergonomic, expanding or shrinking to fit inside ear canals and so porous human immune systems rarely rejected them. You could, and people did, wear them indefinitely. Theyd been known to weave inside skin, attaching there, just like the implants attached to bone. Less than a week ago, the new Congo 5.0 app broke the internet. For nearly a minute, everything went dark. Lattnerd been reading Heart Is a Lonely Hunter in his apartment. For him, the world already felt like it was ending, so the blackout hadnt alarmed him so much as validated him. The body count was high: People fell off balconies, stumbled into traffic, were crushed by the boxes they were receiving, crashed on highways, expired on blacked-out ventilators that no one thought to reset once power returned, fell out of the sky on lost planes. Youd think, after something like that, that people would be pissed off at Congo. And they were. But more than that, they doubled down. They got more implants, they installed more consoles. People are strange. Uggh, Tucker said as he pressed both hands to his ribcage and pain-grunted. You okay? Lattner asked. Yeah. Just... ate something bad a week ago and it hasnt gotten better. Listen, if I put you down as next of kin, Im not taking the fall if something happens. Ill say you lied and told me he was your cousin. You think Ill get in trouble? Tucker looked around his crumbling office, where papers filed in triplicate lined the walls, and three consoles were running at once. Though he was still youngish, in his late forties, his skin looked sick. Why was everyone so green lately? Who knows? Tucker asked. Theres so much noise lately its hard to think. Lattner got his way. Tucker filed next of kin. He went to the on call surgical manager who told him that the permission needed to be printed and signed and filed on a special Congo app. He mustered all this, returned to surgical processing. I have it! he said. But the people at the desk were new and didnt care that hed been through an ordeal. They just gave him the Ziplock. This contained some ordinary stretch fabric jeans, a jacket, and a t-shirt with a bib of bloody vomit that was red, not pink. The shoes were decent work boots with worn treads. No jewelry. Wrapped within all this, he found a Congo Employee Badge from the warehouse outside town. Instead of a name, it had a barcode. Did you guys see this? Did you call anyone at Congo? They looked at him like: Whos this asshole trying to assign us extra work? Just then, the head ER doc on duty pinged him with a response to the video hed sent. Is this a joke? No, he answered. Whoa. Did you get a tox report? Pending. I sent samples to all three labs. Typing dots arrived. They stayed there for a while. Then went away. Head ER doc was a political position. He probably didnt want the stain of this on his record. Also, it didnt fit into a neat box; would be a lot of extra work. Dawn was just breaking. Lattner was headed for his locker when the e-file announced that his John Doe had been moved from observation to recovery. He headed there, thinking again about the pulsing tubing, the missing organs, the strange floral growths. Was it a fungal infection? A parasite? A symbiote that was eating him while keeping him alive? . . . Was it contagious? He arrived at the hospital bed. The patient, who should have been unconscious, was gone. January 23, 2034: From the AP News in a minute: The measure to provide all public school children with free Congo 5.0 implants and consoles passed last Friday, amidst vocal protesters outside city hall shouting Down with AI Slavery! Frustrations with Congo have reached a frenzied peak in the aftermath of the Internet blackout two weeks ago. In other news, SS Prometheus, a mining ship on route home from Mercury, was blown up by terrorists last week. . . A week after the surgery, Lattner was headed for his college reunion in Scranton. He rented a Congo self-driving car. For legal reasons these cars were equipped with emergency human drivers. The guy sat unobtrusive up front, his implant flashing green, reminding Lattner of a mannequin. This wasnt newmost jobs over the years had switched from autonomous to drudge work. The people who performed them tended to recede inside their own skin. But this dude was especially stiff, his breath especially slow. He could have been sleeping with his eyes open. The trip from Harrisburg took two hours. Lattner passed semi-odorless gas the whole ride. Hed done something very vain and ordered three girdles from Congo. Hed tried on all, picked the tightest. It wasnt comfortable. When youre on your way to your reunion and youre going by yourself because you havent kept in touch with anyone, some thoughts enter your mind. For instance: was he a failure? When his wife Lorna told him shed fallen in love with someone else, hed at first been surprised, then relieved. Theyd been married almost twenty years, and every day of that marriage hed woken up thinking: The idea that time is finite is a myth. Its interminable. After her confession, there hadnt been much arguing. Theyd simply gone about the business of splitting things apart, only to find that theyd never really merged: bank accounts were separate; clothing in separate closets. Theyd even kept their cookware separate. How was that possible? How hadnt he noticed that for twenty years, the people he called family had been strangers? Then again, hed never been the type to notice much. Months later, she broke it off with the new guy. She told Lattner that she hadnt actually loved him. Do you want to get back together? Hed asked. Though he hadnt wanted this, hed thought it might make life easier. Less kid schlepping, less grocery shopping, less emotional wreckage. No, she told him. I cheated because I wanted to do something so bad there wasnt any coming back. In a way, she was brave. He wished hed done it first. The casualties here were the kids. But it was hard to see them as casualties, given they didnt like him. Beatrice was sad, slow-moving, and heavyset. Shed been prescribed the same anti-depressants that Lattner had taken during adolescence. If Lattner thought about it, hed feel very badly that his tendency toward the melancholy had stained the next generation. So he didnt think about it. He ignored it. Dylan was angry like his mother and resentful like her, too. His moods blasted through rooms like earthquakes. Ever since the kid could walk, hed charged. But over the years, some piece of his courage had left him, and what remained was surliness. He no longer charged, he sat still, eyes watching with furious judgment. Lattner felt awful that theyd turned out so badly. He blamed Lorna, whod chosen her career over motherhood. It was an unnatural choice. Deviant, even. She hadnt always been so selfish. Early on, shed been devoted. The type who cooked and cleaned and loved and supported. But she got bitter. Or maybe she just got too much success in her work at Congo. She started picking fights. Hed been forced to play the role of reason, to talk her down, underplay the thing, convince her she was overreacting. Eventually, they avoided one another. And then, somehow, they avoided the children, too. What surprised him was that after he moved, in the silence, he missed Bea and Dylan. Well, maybe not them. They were pills. But he missed the idea of them. Lately, hed come to wonder: Should he have married Lorna at all? He could have stayed with Gerry, a man hed genuinely loved. Would his kids, born someplace else, to a better nurturer than Lorna, have been happier? With his career falling apart and his options contracting, he wondered, too, whether his stamp on the world was a stamp at all, or a castle of sand. Its true that crises precipitate change. In the lonely silence of his new, downsized life, he found his college syllabus. Something about the paper, browned and old from a time when his life held promise, had drawn him near. And so, Carson McCullers. Hed been reflecting, lately. But not a lot. It was unpleasant. When his John Doe went missing, Lattner initiated all the protocols, filed all the correct reports. Are you saying he got up and walked out? Tucker Rhodes asked. He looked sicker than the day before, his skin sickly green like he needed to vomit. I dont see how he could have. Im saying he died and got misplaced, probably, Lattner answered. But sure, theres a non-zero chance of nanoparticles eating humanity, so maybe he walked out. Were saying he walked out. I rescinded your other reports indicating otherwise. Lattner thought about that. Knew there was nothing he could do, short of searching the morgue for the body, which hed already done. Okay, he said. Probably, he should have been up that night, worrying about an infectious fungus about to take over humanity. But he slept. What would Gerry think of all this? He wondered as he inched his finger inside the truss to soothe the skin it was pinching. If Gerry were watching Lattner right now, seeing through Lattners eyes, would he approve? Gerryd been his secret college boyfriend. Theyd both had jobs at the cafeteria, both smelled like fried lard. The bravest act of his life, hed kissed Gerry while walking from work to their separate dorm rooms. He still remembered the feel of Gerrys hands, his sparse chest hairs and gangly kid-body that had flung frisbees with grace. Theyd liked to read to one another at night. Well, Gerry had done the reading. Lattner had listened. When you meet the love of your life at nineteen, its practically unfair. Its too soon. Too momentous. Impossible. He broke up with Gerry for a woman who checked all the boxes: pretty, smart, and just a little brittle. He forgot about Gerry, the way you forget about all your most important things when youre young. And then during the long slog of his marriage, when the friction between their personalities had been like barbed wire, hed remembered. He searched online, found a wedding photo. Older, shaggier, Gerryd stood beside his buff, beautiful husband. Gerry was happy, clearly. Hed moved on. It hit Lattner like an invisible hammer big as Thors, straight to the bowels. They say love lives in the heart, but theyre wrong. It lives in a tangled place below the belly. Further research told the story of their romance. Theyd met at the library where they worked. After a few years together, their jobs got automated and they became Congo warehouse employees. They publicly posted about these career blows. People, presumably friends, responded with great compassion. Lattner had never posted about personal things. He wondered whether he should have. No, he decided. Revealing yourself is lame. At night, when he wasnt trying to read sad books from his old syllabus, he scrolled the online pictures of Gerry and thought: I still love you, Gerry. Do you love me? He imagined that this thought traveled through the screen, reaching its object on the other side. He imagined Gerry thinking of him right then, wanting him back. These feelings had to be reciprocated, he decided in the magic of dark. Somewhere right now, Gerry was thinking of him, too. Then he rubbed one out. And so, traveling at exactly the speed limit, the human driver in a twilight sleep wrought from boredom, Lattner pondered Gerry, whod possibly been the love of his life, and was just as possibly the grasping fantasy of a sad, failed man. If he saw Gerry alone at the reunion, he wanted to say this: Ive come lately to realize that life is short. You and me and everyone we know will die. Maybe its a party after that, but maybe its not. Maybe theres nothing. No thoughts. No love. No memory. No identity. Maybe we are erased. It seems to me that this human condition seeks to hide the big black from its own consciousness. It is so hysterically afraid that it builds trappings and walls and somethings from nothings. We eagerly occupy ourselves with such distractions because we cannot tolerate death. We scroll and we watch fantasies and we happily surrender our autonomy to anything that thinks for us, anything that promises youll be okay. But in doing so, we sleep little deaths. We are zombies. When my wife left me, I woke up. I know now that its better to live with fear. Its better to see it clearly, and be brave. Ive come to understand that everything we do in this world matters. Ive come to understand that I loved you back then. I want to love again. Im sorry I spent my life pleasing people who wont remember or care about me after Im dead, because it was wasted time. I could have been with you. I could have been alive. It didnt matter what Gerry said after that. It only mattered that he found the courage in himself to say the words. Classified Internal Memorandum, Congo Corp October 9, 2033 To: Mica Peters, Congo CEO Lorna Lattner, Department of Innovation, Legal Frank Henry, Congo Trust Reserve, Applications From: Paul Mackenzie, R&D Simon Iscariott, R&D Lucas Johnson, R&D To our senior officers, While its true the beta rollout of Congo 5.0 interface had a fatality, we believe the individuals burst appendix was unrelated to Congo. Autopsy showed an invasive fungal-like infection. The other sixty-four test subjects responded positively. We recommend rollout continue. The reception took place at the student union where hed once watched comedians tell bad jokes before heading back to the library to memorize the citric acid cycle. It was a gorgeous day. Bright, cherry blossom-colored sun bled through the windows and spilled across tables. No one recognized him. He introduced himself as Lattner: Everybody called me by my last name! Im a doctor now! Everybody who had a clique sat together at their own tables. He sat with three other guys and a sad looking lady with tears in her eyes. They had to scan the menus and give their order to a screen. Then a waiter wearing a headset came out and brought drinks. At his failure table, they made polite conversation about the cherry blossoms and whether Pakistan was really sinking. This guy across said that the college probably shouldnt have spent eighty million dollars on an Olympic gymnasium, given the dorms were garbage and the library books had all rotted. And then someone said, But people dont need paper books. Its all online. The truss and Gerrys absence (Where was he? Hed been so stupid to assume!) had made Lattner cranky and a little mean. Doesnt look like theyre using this fancy gym. Look around, these kids are made of dough. Look at us. Whens the last time anybody at this table did a push up? Everybody got quiet after that, because youre not supposed to body shame college kids or your table mates. It makes them feel bad. The sad lady got up with her drink, which he thought hed heard her order as a Sexy Frida Kahlo, and joined another table. She was thick in the middle just like the rest of them, and he wanted to tell her: This isnt an assessment of your human value. Ive never cared what other people look like on the outside. Ive only ever been interested in their insides. Literally, as a surgeon, but figuratively, too. Except it sucks having to get to know someone. It sucks making all that effort, just to find out whats under the skin, especially when you might be wasting your time. They might be awful or they might be hurtful or they might be too too imperfectly human... I think I say these awful things because I dont like my own outside very much. I dont like my inside, either. It was a useful epiphany that gave him an oddly joyous jolt: Lady, it turns out this is about me, not you! But he couldnt tell her any of this. Hed only hurt her worse. He looked around the table. Four guys with empty seats all between. Theyd started cross-talking about Congo 5.0s power outage. I think something happened. It did something to us, a guy said. He was skinny with bucked teeth, his cheeks sunken. What did it do? a guy across asked. He was only half listening because he was wearing a headset. These people who wore during non-work hours: what was wrong with them? Something, the guy said. My wife and kids dont eat anymore. They dont sleep. The part of this that Lattner heard wriggled inside him like a worm of worrywas this connected to his patient?... Something was very wrong in the world and it wasnt just his divorce. Something was happening, a kind of tipping point had been passed, and it felt like falling. It felt like the end of the world, if he let himself feel itbut mostly he didnt hear it. Theres so much noise all around. Its hard to pay attention, especially when your mind is on your own broken heart. He typed on his interface. There werent names of the drinks, just pictures. This seemed off-brand, given they were at a college. He decided to have a Sexy Frida Kahlo out of secret solidarity with the sad lady. Fifteen minutes later, a kid with a headset delivered the drink. How do you like this job? Lattner asked. I used to work in this same cafeteria. Maybe the kid would talk to him. He and the kid would bond. Theyd become like brothers and over the years, Lattner would give him advice, help him thrive. Hed prove he could be a good dad. A good person. This kid would become president and in his inaugural speech, hed thank Lattner. Gerry would hear all that and drive to his sad guy apartment. I saw how you raised that kid to be president. Id die for you, Gerry would say, eyes wet with pain and love. Dont excite yourself. Save that for later, Lattner would answer, rye and suave as James Bond. . . . Where the hell was Gerry? The young waiters eyes glazed like they belonged on a doll. He didnt hear Lattner through his headset. He was carrying a full tray, moving on to the next table, when Lattner raised his voice. Hey! he shouted. Everybody at his table stopped. Everybody at tables around stopped. Im a mess, he thought. Its the divorce, but its not the divorce. Its like Ive been boiling my whole life and suddenly the lids come off. Everything messy and terrible and wonderful and shameful has spewed out. The waiter stopped, too, of course. But his eyes stayed glazed. Sorry, Lattner said, low. The kid didnt hear him. He was tall with a full head of hair and had his life ahead of him. Maybe he was in love. Lattner hoped he was in love. The kid wanted to set down his tray so he could pull his headset down but there was no place to put it. Lattner considered taking it, knew hed never balance it right and the drinks would fall. He didnt take it. Do you like this job? he asked, voice raised. The kid was confused by the question. His nametag wasnt a name, but a number with a scannable bar code. I have to do this job. Its telling me table three now. Table three. Do you like those headsets? My job wants me to wear them as a prophylactic against lawsuits. The kid had gone to table three. Lattner watched him make the rounds, the headset telling him whom to serve and in what order and exactly how to proceed step by step from one guest to the next. Your brain shuts off when youve got another brain murmuring orders in your ears. The disuse is sandpaper, smoothing all your most interesting edges. By then, everybody at his table was ignoring Lattner, so he downed his drink and had two more, sweet as diabetes in a glass. It was then, drunk and disheartened, that he finally found his love. He was at the appetizer buffet, even though waiters were now serving main courses. Drunk, Lattner went for it. As he crossed the room, his heart pounded. This was Gerry. No doubt. Older. Shorter, maybe? But it was him. Gerry? The man turned. At first, no recognition. Even a little feara drunk was calling his name. But then, that smile Lattner remembered, generous and open. Harlen Lattner! Lattner stood there, his nerves too alive. Can you die from the anticipation of future joy? Gerry put his plate down right on top of the cut melons, opened his arms, and hugged him. Lattner hugged back, too long, too tight. Gerry squirmed. The hug felt so good. How are you? I think about you all the time! Gerry said. Just then, the buff husband appeared. Lattner hated him. They shook hands. Lattner pretended not to be heartbroken. Have you been here this whole time? I didnt see you! Gerry said. Lattner nodded, temporarily losing his ability to speak. Gerry slapped his thigh in a show of frustration. What a shame! I have to be goingIve got a night shift. But lets get together! Yes! Lattner said. Three drinks in, the truth came out: Youre the only person I came here to see! The hot, amiable husband narrowed his eyes, sniffing intentions. Be afraid, Lattner thought, be very afraid. They didnt get the chance to make plans because a bad thing happened. That kid, the waiter, collapsed on the floor and went into a seizure. Youd think, with nearly eighty members of a graduating class at a reasonably good college, youd have more than one medical professional on site. But the smart ones had gone into tech. The rest had gone into humanities, which no longer existed. Lattner was on deck. He rushed to the doll-eyed kid, held him down by pinning knees against shoulders. I need help! Call someone! he cried, and maybe that happened. Gerrys husband turned out also to be capable and strong. He took over holding the kid down as Lattner checked his pulse, heart, and pupils. Just like the John Doe hed operated on, this guy had no heartbeat. His whole chest cavity was pulsing. Lattner got the defibs and shocked him twice. The pulsing kept going. It reminded him of a squid or octopusthis wet squishing just beneath his skinbut his heart didnt come back. Fast, the local rescue service from the college took over. Lattner tried to tell them what had happened, but they were listening to their headsets and not him. The kids body stopped pulsing. It stopped everything. They put him in a gurney and carried him out. Somehow, between finding Gerry and the kid getting carried out, hours had passed. The center had emptied out, reunion over. Gerry and the husband were gone. Lattner felt a great sadness inside him, not just for his own small, disappointments. The kid was young. Maybe he was in love. That was all over now. He went home that night and scoured the internet for posts about infectious disease and spontaneous seizures in the young. Found nothing. The next morning, Gerry poked him on their friend web. Lattner accepted the poke, got a message: Hey! That was awful. We wanted to stay with you but we had work. Im so sorry! Lets get together soon. AI DAILY COMPENDIUM: From Harpers: We always thought the human brain was impossible to replace, but in fact its the other way around. The human brain is easily replaced. Look at Congo Warehouses, where employees stand in strategic formation throughout aisles of stock, their headsets directing them on the exact paths to retrieve merchandise. Scientists cant replicate bipedal locomotion, a combination of conscious and unconscious decisions based on trillions of data points, but they have generated algorithms that complete human tasks as mundane as mail delivery and as complex as heart surgery. All this time, we imagined wed lose our jobs to robots. But the robots dont want our crappy jobs. They want to run the show. At work the following Monday three John and Jane Does died in the waiting room, coughing blood. Did we get autopsies? Lattner asked. Tucker was holding his belly. Hed gone from pale green to pea green, like his gallbladder had popped. Congo Interface wont allow it, he said. No autopsies until further notice. Money saving thing. Okay. What if this new crop has the same disease as my John Doe with the mushrooms for intestines? Tucker shrugged. Was he hungover? Having come to his personal awakening very late in life, Lattner took this cowardice personally. Its a public health concern. Fuck Congo. Talk to your dad. I pinged him, Tucker said. His secretary told me hes indisposed. Is there a point person at the CDC? Lattner asked. I pinged them, too. Their mailbox is full. Its a three-day wait. The robots supposed to call me back. Lattner sat heavy in Tuckers spare chair. This is fucked, he said. Tucker opened his desk drawer. Pulled out a headset. The Doc headsets came in. He handed it to Lattner. Try it on. They want feedback. Rollouts Friday. It was smooth in his hands, like tooth enamel, and it covered both ears but didnt add weight. Hello, a dulcet womans voice whispered. The earpieces curled inside his canals, warm and pleasant. Please state your employee number. I hate it, Lattner said. The timer went off on Tuckers headset. My breaks done, he said as his eyes glazed over. It took longer than usual to get a car service to take him back home to his apartment. The driver looked just as green and sick as Tuckerd been. At home, Lattner got tired of Heart Is a Lonely Hunter. It made him too sad. People have oceans of emotions inside them. Hed known this intellectually, but lately he was beginning to feel the knowledge in his gut: even the dullards of the world have hearts and conflicts and private wars no one will ever know. Humanity is everywhere. He flipped on the streamies, and learned that excess deaths today, according to the AP, had quadrupled. Hospitals were filling up and so were morgues. This wasnt the big news, though. Congo announced that now was a great time for the unemployed and underemployed to visit Congo Work Centers. For the sake of the economy, it was the civic duty of all to keep the supply line flowing. They were willing to pay minimum wage and a half. Feeling weird, he called Lorna. You guys okay over there? he asked. Why? Her voice sounded dead. Because Im curious? he asked, like a question. He was new at asking Lorna personal questions. When they were married, hed have considered it rudean invasion of privacy. They already lived on top of one another; why compound the problem? I dont know how I feel because nobody ever asks me. I just asked you. Literally, I just asked you how youre doing, he said. You dont count. Youre lonely and no one likes you. Youre in one of your bitchy moods, he said, then regretted it, because it wasnt such a helpful observation. Then they were both quiet until he tried again. Some guy showed up at the hospital last week with his insides all mutated. I dont mean to alarm you. But it seems like its something that might be going around. I called to check on you and the kids. There was another long pause. Youve heard about the excess hospitalizations? Excess deaths? The news is saying its nothing, but a kid at my college reunion collapsed right in front of me, Lorna. Its not nothing. Ive been hearing about it, too. But were okay, Harlen, she said, a surprising softness entering her voice. Congo put the whole neighborhood on lockdown until this is resolved. Were behind tall gates. Yeah, he said, not feeling any more reassured. Okay. January 30, 2034 From the Associated Press: Congo CEO Jeff Jassey testified in congress yesterday over his controversial software update. In his speech, directed at the House Speaker Cora Leigh Sherwood, he said, Maam, Im very sorry to hear some users think it made them sick or changed their personalities, or whatever. But weve done every bit of diligence on this product. Sometimes we think a thing is causal and its not. Listen, we updated almost two weeks ago and excess morbidity and mortality are happening only now. Dont you think it could be radiation or infection? Wouldnt that make a lot more sense? Lattner came early to the gaming restaurant so he wouldnt have to make an entrance. The place was called Play it Again, Sam and all the walls showed retro screenies from the 2020s. He asked for a table someplace quiet and dark. We have an erotic experience room if you want that. Twenty percent starter special? Whats that like? She paused before answering: the headset was supplying preselected words. Its wonderful, Mr. Lattner. Itll clean your pipes, get your heart racing. Though her cadence was seductive, her affect was flat. I like men, too, he said, and this was the first time hed ever admitted this. I like men more. The waitress paused again, as the system ran his words through an algorithm. The booth was red vinyl. It was a seedy restaurant, a seedy part of town. On his doctors salary plus Lornas Congo money, hed spent the last two decades in a gated community. We have role play for every scenario, Dr. Lattner, the waitress said. All kinds of men. The best kinds. Great. Ill think about it, Lattner said, and as she swiveled stiffly, heading for the next client, he realized that maybe he would. Twenty minutes later, fashionably late, Gerry appeared. He wore a tan Congo uniform, a badge with a barcode. Lattner jumped up, hugged him. He didnt smell like lard anymore. He smelled beer sugary and middle aged. It made Lattner laugh. Gerry reached out, grabbed Lattners face in his hands. What? Am I that bad? Lattnerd forgotten this, the way Gerryd needed reassurance, the way hed never been able to supply it. Or maybe hadnt wanted to. It would have been too committal. No! I love you! I meanI love it. I love this! Its just, were not the same. Gerry traced his hands down Lattners face, to his shoulders, then his waist. He tried not to be hopeful. Maybe Gerry was in one of these free spirit relationships hed read about. Youre definitely the same. I am? I dont think so, Lattner said. Gerry sat down across. Youre still blunt. Is that a euphemism for shitty? No. Just blunt. I always appreciated it. Until you told me youd screwed Candace Lyons. But it worked out. You did me a favor. Lattner gulped. Hed brushed his teeth twice before coming here, soaped behind his ears and given his balls a somewhat painful loofah. Hed steamed a real cotton shirt, which was buttoned to the top. Im sorry for that. I was crazy. What you did was a kindness. Wow, did I get strung along after you. You wouldnt believe the crap I cut and ate like a finely aged steak. Lattner remembered then, the drama of Gerry. The ease with which hed cried, his saint-like devotion to mind-altering drugs. Thered been problems. Hed forgotten that. . . . Did he even like Gerry? Im sorry. Its been rough? Gerry told him all about it. The boyfriends who turned into psychopaths, the normal boyfriends hed tormented because hed been afraid of love, the quest for purpose, the heartbreaking failure at the library when it closed. He told him about his husband, and the fact that they were getting a divorce. I was so happy to have found someone. All my life, Id been looking... But then one day you realize you never really saw the person. You just wanted the warm body. Apparently, the husband spent all his time watching streamies. He didnt talk. He didnt want sex. He didnt show interest in anything except lifting weights. He used to be into me. Now hes like a zombie. Its worse than being alone... Honey, I need the touch. Lattner told him about his time with Lorna. Theyd had a nice life. It had been a lie. He told him that hed been following Gerry for a while now, missing him, though he didnt know if the feeling was real. He thought about his big speech. Distilled it to this: Im trying to be more human but I have no idea how that works or what it means. Theyd both finished their fake meat sandwiches by then. Gerry got up, moved beside Lattner. The lights were dim. Most of the other customers were on their headsets, watching screenies. No one would care. He reached over, tucked his hand against Gerrys already erect dick. He opened Gerrys trousers. Gerry did the same. Probably, it happened fast. But to him, it was all of time. The expanse of the universe. Lattners pants were slick wet. He pulled his shirt to conceal it, his white crisp shirt. It felt decadent and insane. He was so happy he was laughing. They both wiped at each other with napkins, and it was such a generous, intimate thing. Then Gerry looked at his watch. Gotta go. They dock pay if Im a minute late. He was up, leaving Lattner breathless. You do this all the time, dont you? Lattner asked, and he couldnt tell if he felt possessive or jealous or just insignificant. Or none of those things. Alive. In any case. he felt alive. Gerry winked. Ive been in a sexless marriage for three years, Harlen. Id do a gorilla. Will I see you again? If I know you, Harlen, you dont want me to say yes. You want me to play hard to get. Then, he was gone. Lattner realized hed been stuck with the bill, then remembered that Gerryd never paid for anything. Which was fine. He thought of all the quibbles hed had against his lover, stacking them like a laundry list, ranking them and naming them and memorizing them and repeating them, and it now seemed like such wasted time. Hed wasted so much of his life. On his way out, a patron in a Congo Warehouse uniform fell out of her chair. Lattner rushed to help her and as he lifted her, she coughed blood. It trickled down her lips and it wasnt red, but dull pink. An ambulance appeared ten minutes later, maybe less. He watched the woman get wheeled away. Her heart wasnt beating, but her internal organs throbbed with a slow, methodic, swish-swish. [End of Part 1 check back Thu/10 for Part 2 here on io9.] About the Author Sarah Langans a three-time Bram Stoker Award-winning novelist and screenwriter, whose novels (A Better World,Good Neighbors,The Missing, etc.) have made best of the year lists at NPR,Newsweek,The Irish Times, AARP, andPW. Her short stories have appeared inNightmare,F&SF,WIRED,Years Best Horror,Years Best Dark Fantasy and Horror,Years Best Science Fiction and Fantasy, etc. She has an MFA from Columbia University, an MS in Environmental Health Science/Toxicology from NYU, and lives in Los Angeles with her husband, the writer/director JT Petty, their two daughters, and two maniac rabbits. Her novellaPam Kowolski Is A Monster(Raw Dog Screaming Press) and her story Squid Teeth (Reactor) are both forthcoming May, and in 2026, TOR UK is releasing her sixth novelTrad Wife. Adamant Press Please visit Lightspeed Magazineto read more great science fiction and fantasy. This story first appeared in the April 2025 issue, which also features short fiction by Rich Larson, Nigel Faustino, Oyedotun Damilola Muees, Deborah L. Davitt, Jon Lasser, Dominica Phetteplace, and more. You can wait for this months contents to be serialized online, or you can buy the whole issue right now in convenient ebook format for just $4.99, or subscribe to the ebook edition here. Want more io9 news? Check out when to expect the latest Marvel, Star Wars, and Star Trek releases, whats next for the DC Universe on film and TV, and everything you need to know about the future of Doctor Who.

Pirenpolis House / Leo RomanoSave this picture! Edgard CsarHousesBrazilArchitects: Leo Romano AreaArea of this architecture projectArea:5027 ftYearCompletion year of this architecture project Year: 2023 PhotographsPhotographs:Edgard CsarManufacturersBrands with products used in this architecture project Manufacturers: Blindlux, Interpam, JR Aluminium, Movelaria Brasileira Lead Architect: Leo Romano More SpecsLess SpecsSave this picture!Text description provided by the architects. Casa Pirenpoliswas conceived as a delicate harmony between architecture and the surrounding natural landscape. The concrete slab, which shelters the cars, blends into thecerrado(Brazilian savanna), while the proportional incision of this entry canopy embraces the landscaping, establishing a connection with nature.Save this picture!Save this picture!A wooden walkway leads to the pool and verandaspaces designed to gather the family and create memories, welcoming everyone with warmth. The pool extends toward the steam sauna, which opens onto the forest, completing and enriching the arrival experience.Save this picture!Save this picture!Save this picture!The homes exposed concrete gains warmth and texture through custom cabinetry, emphasizing the functionality of the social spaces on the ground floor. The layout is open, with minimal pillars and full-height glass frames that fully open, framing the landscape and integrating it into the TV lounge. The furniture here was designed on a human scale, prioritizing comfort and relaxation.Save this picture!On the upper floor, the glass window frames lend lightness, almost as if floating, softening the blocks linearity. The vertical circulation leads to a transitional room between the social and private areas. The master suite is fluidly organized, with the closet and bathroom separated by a naturalmuxarabi(lattice) panel, adding elegance and functionality.Save this picture!To celebrate the surrounding nature, the terrace was designed as both a lookout and an orchid garden, elevating daily life into a contemplative experience that transcends mere habitation.Save this picture!Save this picture!Save this picture!Casa Pirenpolisis an invitation to flow between exterior and interior, natural and builtcreating a constant dialogue between human beings and their environment.Save this picture!Project gallerySee allShow lessAbout this officeLeo RomanoOfficeMaterialConcreteMaterials and TagsPublished on April 03, 2025Cite: "Pirenpolis House / Leo Romano" [Casa Pirenpolis / Leo Romano] 03 Apr 2025. ArchDaily. Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/1028451/pirenopolis-house-leo-romano&gt ISSN 0719-8884Save!ArchDaily?You've started following your first account!Did you know?You'll now receive updates based on what you follow! Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors, offices and users.Go to my stream

Project a Gradient Across Objects in C4DMembers Only Tutorial + Project File https://cgshortcuts.com/courses/c4d-materials/lessons/project-a-gradient-across-objects-in-c4d/ How to Project a Gradient Across Objects in C4D, a colorful ramp across your whole scene!#Cinema4D #C4D #Redshift #CGShortcuts