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You may have heard the rumor that Kamala Harris isnt eligible to be president because neither of her parents was born in the United States and they had unclear citizenship status when Harris was born in Oakland, California, in 1964.Thats the false claim that some Harris opponents have begun recirculating since she became the Democrats presumptive nominee for president following President Joe Bidens decision to step aside on July 21, 2024. The claim originated in 2020, when she was chosen as Bidens vice presidential running mate.John Eastman, Trumps former legal adviser who was indicted for allegedly interfering with the 2020 presidential election, originally circulated this claim. But mainstream legal scholars agree: Theres no truth to it.The recycling of this falsehood offers an opportunity to dive into the actual facts about presidential eligibility, by way of some candidates from recent history.Harris is protected by birthright citizenshipHow do we know that claims about Harris eligibility are wrong?Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution sets the rule: No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, says Section 1, shall be eligible to the Office of President.The other presidential requirements in the Constitution that a candidate be at least 35 years old and have lived in the U.S. for 14 years prior to their candidacy are fairly cut-and-dried. But what does the document mean by natural born Citizen?The original Constitution doesnt specify, but both courts and lawmakers have weighed in since the founding. The first piece of evidence is the 14th Amendment, which was enacted after the Civil War to ensure that formerly enslaved Black Americans and their children were recognized as citizens.All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, the amendment states, are citizens of the United States.The 14th Amendment establishes what is commonly referred to as birthright citizenship that if a person is born on American soil, then there is nothing else they need to do to become a fully-fledged citizen of the United States. Supreme Court cases since the passage of the 14th Amendment clarify specifically that those born in America to foreign parents qualify as natural born.Whether Harris would be an effective president is a matter for the voters to decide in a few months. But as a legal matter, she is absolutely eligible to hold the office. Because Harris was born in the U.S., the citizenship status or birthplace of either of her parents is irrelevant. Even those facts have not been enough to quiet some of the falsehood promoters, who more recently have claimed Harris was not born in the U.S. But her birth certificate was reviewed by The Associated Press, and it confirms that she was born in Oakland.Can foreign-born candidates serve as president?History has seen cases more complicated than Harris, with a number of presidential candidates who were not born in one of the 50 states. So does being born outside of the U.S. disqualify candidates from serving as president?Not necessarily. Take, for example, the late Arizona Senator John McCain, who was the Republican nominee in 2008. McCain was born not in a state, but in the Panama Canal Zone in 1936 while his father was stationed there as a naval officer. However, the Canal Zone was under American control at the time of McCains birth. And because the 14th Amendment specifies that citizenship also applies to those subject to the jurisdiction of the U.S., McCain was eligible to serve as president.At the time, McCain cited as precedent for his eligibility the successful nomination of Sen. Barry Goldwater, the 1964 Republican nominee who was born in 1909 in the Arizona Territory, just a few years before it was admitted to the union as a state.Even McCains main Democratic rivals for the presidency, Sens. Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton, co-sponsored a resolution in April 2008 asserting that McCain was a natural-born citizen and thus eligible to be president.McCain was also likely in the clear because historically, U.S. law has said that someone born outside the United States to a U.S. citizen parent (or parents) is a U.S. citizen at birth. This is the same precedent that, had he been elected president, would likely have applied to U.S. Senator and 2016 candidate Ted Cruz, a Republican representing Texas, who was born in Canada but whose mother was an American citizen by birth.Race and ethnicity in the backgroundNo major candidate for the presidency has ever been in serious jeopardy because of the natural born citizen clause, and Harris is no exception.The Constitution does not protect her, however, from the same sorts of race-based political attacks that Donald Trump leveled against Obama, a yearslong crusade that came to be known as birtherism. During Obamas presidency, Trump falsely asserted that Obama wasnt born in the United States. As has been documented, Obama was born in Hawaii.None of the vice presidents high-profile critics, including Trump, are making quite such extreme accusations against Harris. But as with Obama, there is an unspoken, racist implication: This candidate is foreign. Theyre not like you and me. Theyre anti-American.Charlie Hunt is assistant professor of political science at Boise State University.This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Architecture studio Conen Sigl has completed a cooperative housing block near Zurich, topped by a greenhouse-style pergola referencing the area's industrial and agricultural history.Named Westhof, the block of 87 flats and six commercial units forms part of the development of Hochbord in Dbendorf a former industrial neighbourhood in Switzerland undergoing major transformation into a residential area.Conen Sigl referenced this industrial past using "robust and simple materialisation" for the housing, visually softening it with spaces for plants and wildlife.Conen Sigl has created the Westhof housing cooperative"Inspired by the site's history as a plant nursery, the cooperative housing project with complementary communal uses creates an identity-forming place that fosters a strong sense of community and ecological connectivity," Conen Sigl told Dezeen."With its robust and simple materialisation, it echoes the functionality of the previous structure, while the proximity to a nature reserve reinforces its connection to the area's ecosphere," it added.Westhof is organised around a large paved courtyard at its centre, dotted with planters created by repurposing industrial skips and old metal barrels.It references the industrial history of its site near ZurichOn the site's eastern edge is a large nine-storey block, lined with steel-framed awnings, walkways and balconies that overlooks the courtyard.Opposite, the lower block to the west is topped by a rooftop garden and metal pergola with a zig-zagging gabled roofline. This echoes the site's former plant nursery and shelters seating areas and planters for the residents.Westhof is organised around a central courtyardWesthof is clad almost entirely in corrugated fibre-cement panels, chosen for their durability as well as being a nod to the site's industrial past."The facade cladding appears to wrap itself around the building like a dress, with the materiality further highlighting the facade's light character," said the studio.There is a pergola on the roof of one of the blocksIn the apartments themselves, exposed concrete walls and ceilings are contrasted by pops of primary colour in the kitchens and communal areas.Flexibility has been introduced in the form of what Conen Sigl calls "switch rooms" in certain areas, which allow for two smaller units to be combined into a single large unit.Read: Alexander Poetzsch Architekturen converts German chocolate factory into supported housing for childrenThe blocks also contain communal areas for residents such as a multi-purpose hall and a guest room, alongside the six retail units on the ground floor.In addition to its extensive planting, Westhof incorporates several strategies intended to introduce greater biodiversity and wildlife to the site.The apartments feature exposed concreteProtruding from the steel pergola is a series of vents and nesting areas of birds, bees and bats, and on a pedestrian path on the western edge, a strip of semi-public community gardens has been created."Creating balance between the built environment and nature, Westhof Dbendorf forms a micro-biosphere," said the studio.Pops of colour brighten Westhof's interiorsConen Sigl was founded in 2011 by Maria Conen and Raoul Sigl.Other housing projects recently featured on Dezeen include the conversion of an old barracks in Paris and a block with 190 apartments for seniors in Brooklyn.The photography is by Roman Keller.The post Conen Sigl references "robust" industrial structures for Westhof housing in Zurich appeared first on Dezeen.

Caravans, also termed travel trailers or RVs, are increasingly popular for their blend of comfort and style while exploring the world. These compact mobile homes offer the comforts of home while journeying to various destinations. A notable feature of owning a caravan is the ability to personalize the interior to match individual preferences and needs. Simple changes in decor ideas can help achieve your desired look by adjusting or adding elements like upholstery, window treatments, carpets, rugs, shower curtains, bedding, planters, foliage, art, buntings, and other decorative items.Image courtesy of: XavierPardinaWhen choosing interior color schemes for your caravan, prioritize hues that create a sense of spaciousness and maintain longevity. Begin with a neutral base palette, allowing room for color accents through bedding, upholstery, and accessories. Consider earthy tones like blues, greys, greens, and whites, alongside pastel shades, with beige, cream, or your preferred neutrals seamlessly complementing wood paneling and visually expanding your space. Whether renovating an older caravan or adding personalized touches to a new one, here are some ideas to kickstart your design journey.Image courtesy of: cookelma1. Multifunctional and Compact FurnitureImage courtesy of: cookelmaSince a caravan comes with limited square footage, its important to make the most of every available inch. Therefore, it is important to opt for furniture items that serve multiple functions like a sofa bed can serve as seating during the day and easily convert into a bed at night. This not only optimizes space but also fosters a feeling of openness within the caravan, especially during daytime travel. Opting for a foldable table offers the flexibility of tucking it away when not needed, thereby liberating precious floor space. Consider seeking a table that can be mounted on the wall or ceiling for additional space-saving benefits. Modular furniture provides versatility to rearrange according to your requirements. Look for pieces that can be stacked or nested when not in use, enabling efficient space utilization and ensuring ample room for movement.2. Enhance the StorageImage courtesy of: PressmasterStorage is often a challenge when embarking on caravan trips, particularly during long journeys or in winter. With so many essentials to carry, space is always at a premium. In smaller caravans, its essential to invest in ingenious storage solutions. Consider utilizing under-bed storage boxes, over-door organizers, furniture with ample drawers, and hanging shelves. Make the most of every nook and cranny, including the space beneath seats and in the corners of the caravan.3. Add TextureAdding textured accents such as cushions, throws, and rugs is a simple yet effective method to elevate the appearance of a small caravan. These elements contribute warmth and personality to the interior. Furthermore, incorporating wall art can further enhance the aesthetic appeal of the space.4. Coastal InfluencesFor coastal and beach enthusiasts, choose a caravan with nautical-inspired interiors and color schemes. Utilize white as the main color to keep the space fresh and airy, essential in small areas. Incorporate various shades of blue for a relaxing coastal feel, and opt for natural materials like wood furniture, decor accessories, and rattan baskets to maintain this style. Consider adding blue and white stripes, reminiscent of classic ship decor, to enhance the nautical theme.Designers: Fabien Denis, Jean-Marie Reymond x CarapateAs luxury camping vehicles like teardrop caravans become increasingly popular, La Carapate from French manufacturer Carapate distinguishes itself with its innovative design. Sporting a trapezoidal shape and a unique flap door for shade and convenient access, it stands out in the market. Drawing inspiration from nautical themes, its blue and yellow color scheme captures the essence of maritime adventure. With eco-friendly features like a solar panel, La Carapate embodies sustainability and responsible travel. Its panoramic views and compact living space make it an appealing choice for camping enthusiasts seeking a connection with nature and alternative accommodation. Explore its hidden features, such as skylights and USB ports, for an unforgettable camping experience.5. Rustic VibesAchieve a transitional style in your compact caravan by blending modern and rustic elements for a relaxed yet stylish interior. Opt for neutral tones like white or cream for the internal walls, and incorporate cream blinds for added texture. Keep decor accessories predominantly neutral, and integrate natural materials such as rattan lights, baskets, trays, and wooden furniture pieces for an organic touch.6. Go for Natural MaterialsImage courtesy of: Chris_WillemsenConsidering that the caravan will be utilized for exploring natural environments, why not incorporate natural materials into the interior decor? Embracing these materials, such as wood, rustic basins, wood flooring, and breathable fabrics, can enhance the renovation, creating a connection to the surrounding natural landscapes.7. Bohemian VibesThe Bohemian style complements the freedom and flexibility of small caravan living. With its adaptable nature, it easily suits most caravan spaces, focusing on a neutral color scheme with hints of green from foliage and natural browns from materials like seagrass and rattan. This achievable and timeless interior design starts with updating the cushions in the dining area, setting the tone for the entire caravan space.8. Scandinavian Inspired DesignDesigner: HobbyHobbys Maxia caravan blends Scandinavian design with hygge living, offering a luxurious city apartment on wheels. Its exterior retains a traditional look with rounded edges and panoramic windows for expansive views. Inside, a focus on simplicity and comfort characterizes the layout, with an L-shaped kitchen featuring modern amenities and a versatile U-shaped sofa doubling as a dining area and bed. The open floor plan ensures ample living space, with a private sleeping area towards the back and smart appliances like Truma Combi heater/water heater and Hobby Connect touchscreen controls enhancing the experience. Its a stylish and functional retreat for on-the-go travelers.9. Introduce a Home OfficeIn the post-pandemic era, theres a notable rise in camper and trailer demand, offering enhanced adventure experiences and cozy sleeping quarters. These vehicles not only provide ample space for gear but also feature full kitchens, bringing the comforts of home to natural settings. For professionals craving personal space amidst scenic landscapes, these mobile accommodations offer an escape from monotony, making work-life balance more attainable.Designer: NissanThe Nissan NV350 Caravan Office Pod Concept revolutionizes remote work by offering a mobile office in scenic locales. Controlled via smartphone, it extends outdoors with one-touch retractable motion, electric shades, and UV antibacterial lighting for hygiene. Featuring a Herman Miller Cosm chair on a polycarbonate floor and adjustable ambient lighting, it prioritizes ergonomic comfort. A rooftop deck provides a luxurious retreat, accessible from inside the vehicle for personal solitude. Unveiled at the Virtual Auto Salon 2021, this caravan exemplifies the future of electric vehicles, offering innovative opportunities for remote work while inspiring creativity in nature.10. Invest in LuxuryDesigner: AdriaAdrias new Astella caravan epitomizes luxury mobile living reminiscent of 1950s airline opulence, akin to Pan Am, catering to travelers in pursuit of ever-changing dream vacations. Crafted as an inspired, deluxe rendition of the traditional holiday home on wheels, Astella embodies luxury through simplicity. Its open floor layout exudes sophistication with clean lines, amplifying the spacious interior housing living, kitchen, bathroom, and bedroom spaces. Astella seamlessly integrates indoor and outdoor living with panoramic glass doors, while its aerospace-grade exterior boasts a sleek glazed steel finish for efficient airflow during towing, promising a luxurious yet functional travel experience.The post Top 10 Caravan Design Concepts for Enriching Your Camping Adventure first appeared on Yanko Design.

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