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    Human-like teeth successfully grown in a pigs mouth
    Researchers implanted cultivated tooth constructs into the mandibles of six two-year-old mini pigs. Credit: Carroll & Carroll /Design Pics Editorial/Universal Images Group via Getty ImagesShareFor the past two decades, scientists have been manipulating genes to grow human cells where you wouldnt quite expect them. Human ears and skin have famously been grown on mice. More recently, early-stage human kidneys have even been grown in pig bellies. The world of bioengineering isnt for the faint of heart.Much of this tinkering is done in the service of one day using genetically modified animals to create spare organs and tissue for human patients lacking access to donors. Now, according to a study published in the journal Stem Cells Translational Medicine, researchers have shown its possible to cultivate lab-grown human teeth cells inside of a pigs mouth. The researchers believe these findings could one day lead to the development of biological tooth substitutes that could be used in place of imperfect synthetic dental implants currently used. The papers findings were first spotted by MIT Technology Review.Dental researchers from Tufts University took cells from the dental pulp of a human tooth and mixed them with cells from the enamel of a pig tooth and seeded them onto a scaffold. It was then grown in vitro in a bioreactor for a week to help the cells multiply. The newly reconstituted tooth germ, part human and part swine, was then implanted in the mandibles of several test pigs. When the researchers checked back in on the pigs several months later, they observed the formation of tooth-like tissues. The pigs mouth revealed its ordinary sharp, tusk-like canines saddled up beside smaller, slightly more human-looking teeth nubs. In theory, a similar process could play out in humans. As Popular Science previously reported, scientists believe it may be possible to seed a tooth construct within human gum tissue and eventually have it grow into a fully formed tooth. This approach is risky though. Teeth cells that continue growing indefinitely could become cancerous.[ Related: Could we ever regrow our adult teeth? ]Synthetic dental implants arent perfectDental implants, typically fabricated from titanium or titanium alloy and then screwed into a patients jawbone, have become more popular alternatives to dentures in recent years. Research conducted by the National Institute of Health indicates that the trend towards more dental implants will continue. But even though implants are better than no tooth at all, they arent perfect. Repeated chewing on misaligned synthetic teeth can cause damage to the jaw bone and eventually cause the implants to fail. Bacteria on the implant can also lead to potentially dangerous infections. Natural teeth, by contrast, dont need to be drilled and are instead tethered to the jaw via ligament tissues, which can, in theory, reduce the risk of jaw damage down the line. Thats where the idea of growing natural teeth in pigs comes in.Formations of tooth-like structures were observed in 50 % of the mini pigs after four months. Credit: Weibo Zhang, Pamela C Yelick. For their experiment, the researchers took six two-year-old adult mini pigs and surgically extracted their third incisor and first premolar teeth. (The mini pigs were chosen because their mandibles are similar in size and anatomy to that of humans). Researchers then placed the bioengineered tooth constructs, into the extraction holes. After two and four months the researchers checked back in and found evidence of successful teeth growth in around 50% of the pigs.The experiment was a marked improvement over a previous test where they inserted the tooth constructs into two-month-old pigs. In that case, the researchers believe adult pig teeth coming in may have damaged or dislodged the hybrid constructs. That wasnt an issue with the older pigs, however, since their mature teeth were already present.These significant modifications to our experimental approach allowed us to achieve a significantly higher rate of successful tooth regeneration, the researchers write.A path toward natural teeth alternativesThough the results are promising, they likely wont lead to usable tooth constructs for humans just yet. The teeth that did grow in the mini pigs didnt reach a full human tooth size and likely wouldnt stand up to regular use. Implantinga lab grown teeth into human is also an entirely different, and still novel challenge that wasnt addressed here. Still, the results proved it is possible to grow bioengineered teeth cells, a notable development the researchers say may lay the groundwork for a potential clinically relevant alternative to synthetic implants down the line.There are also signs human patients of the future might be receptive to that alternative. A 2018 Pew Research survey found that more than half (57%) of US adults considered it appropriate to genetically engineer animals to grow organs or tissues. That increased receptiveness to the technology means patients of the future, if presented with the choice of metal implants or a bioengineered alternative, might just opt for the version grown in a pig.
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    Engineered nose bacteria sneak drugs into the brain
    Nature, Published online: 06 February 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00375-xMicrobes that reside peaceably in the nasal passageways and on the skin can be harnessed for taking drugs to target cells.
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    How to make the perfect egg: give it lukewarm baths
    Nature, Published online: 06 February 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00237-6Process turns out eggs with delectable texture and high nutritional value.
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    2nd form of bird flu detected in US cows
    A branch of the H5N1 bird flu family tree that hadn't previously been seen in cattle has now been detected in dairy cows.
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    Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 - How To Romance Katherine
    You meet a lot of characters in Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2, but few are as intriguing as Katherine. First encountered early in the campaign, you soon realize that there's more to her than meets the eye. Perhaps Henry has a chance to woo her down the line. Here's our guide on how to romance Katherine in Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2. Likewise, please be reminded that this article contains spoilers.How to romance Katherine in Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 - Romance guideThe Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 Katherine romance is less of a singular important decision, and more of a gradual change throughout the course of the campaign. At first, Katherine seems aloof and distant, though you eventually see how she develops feelings for Henry. Of course, you also need to tackle a couple of integral side quests: The Fifth Commandment and The Stalker. Part 1A: Katherine and Henry early in the campaignEarly in the campaign, Katherine tends to act cold and rude toward Henry. Here are some examples:She pretends not to recognize Henry when she encounters him in Troskowitz.She then chides Henry as you sneak around Trosky Castle during For Whom the Bell Tolls.Even if you get reputation drops during these segments, you need not worry since these are, technically, just part of the developing story arc. Part 1B: Flirting with Katherine midway through the campaignYou learn about Katherine's true motives once you reach the second half of the campaign. This is when you're able to flirt with her a few times. A few responses might make you think that the two are about to have a "situationship," but nothing actually occurs at these stages. Here are some examples:The first time you spend the night in Suchdol, you can ask Katherine if you could join her for the night.Upon reaching Sigismund's Camp as part of The King's Gambit, Katherine will bathe Henry. You can select the following responses: Persuasion: "It's different with you."Persuasion: "What about a kiss for luck?"Again, these are just flirty and fun banter between the two. However, the most important segments are discussed below. Part 2: The Fifth Commandment side questThe Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 Katherine romance hinges on how much she trusts Henry, which means you need to help her with certain tasks, such as The Fifth Commandment.Katherine gives you this side quest once the two of you have a chat in the Kuttenberg tavern where she's working. It involves bringing a serial killer to justice. Note that you have an option on how to deal with the culprit at the end. In our playthrough, we allowed Katherine to finish off the serial killer. You can learn about all the details in our The Fifth Commandment guide. Part 3: The Stalker side questThe next integral mission for the Katherine romance in Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 is called The Stalker. You may receive this task while tackling a main quest called The Lion's Den.And, just to be perfectly clear about this: You must complete The Stalker quest before you finish The Lion's Den.Okay, now that we got that out of the way, here's what you need to do for this part:Once inside Sigismund's Camp, wait until evening to trigger the scene where Katherine bathes Henry (as mentioned earlier).Talk to Katherine afterward. She'll tell you about a strange person who seems to be watching her, and that person even stole one of her shoes. The Stalker side quest then appears in your journal.Reply with [Houndmaster]: "Mutt will track him down."Command Mutt and select Katherine's shoe. Mutt will track the scent so just follow him around the camp.You'll see Katherine's stolen shoe in a tent guarded by a Cuman named Chakan. This fellah has an all-red attire--i.e. hat, tunic, and pants.You can resolve your encounter with Chakan through the following means: Persuasion: "Leave her alone. You're scaring her."Presence: "If you don't leave her alone, I'll smash your head in."Bribe him with 200 Groschen.Defeat him in hand-to-hand combat.After dealing with Chakan, return to Katherine to complete The Stalker quest in Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2. She'll be very grateful for your help, leading to a huge reputation boost. Part 4: Hunger and Despair - Katherine romance sceneFrom there, simply proceed with the rest of the main missions until you reach a chapter called Hunger and Despair, where Henry and co. are besieged. Before you head out to call for reinforcements, talk to your dearest friends, most especially Katherine. You'll find her crying in one of the quarters.Reply with [Romance]: "I'll bring help, and everything will be alright again." This causes Katherine to kiss Henry on the cheek. Later, though, a couple of cutscenes will play, and Henry will get more than just a smack.That does it for our guide on how to romance Katherine in Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2. If you're curious about all the other characters that you can flirt with, you can take a look at our romance options guide.If you need more tips as you explore Bohemia in the Middle Ages, be sure to visit our Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 guides hub.
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    Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 - How To Romance Rosa Ruthard
    Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 allows you to rizz up several supporting characters. Though most are of the same stature as Henry, there's one highborn lady who seems to fancy our dashing hero. Here's our guide on how to romance Rosa in Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2.How to romance Rosa in Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 - Romance guideThe Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 Rosa romance primarily hinges on how you treat her at certain parts of the campaign. You first meet her during a main quest called Via Argentum, where she shows you that she's more than just a lady who could be pushed around by men. She's free-spirited and independent, with an intellect that leaves poor Henry at a loss for words sometimes.Then, during Taking French Leave, she asks you to find a book in a fortress. Finally, during Oratores, you have a chance to seal the deal with a kiss. Part 1: Taking French Leave - Where to find Rosa's Book?You can learn about all the details regarding this main quest in our Taking French Leave guide. Still, here's a quick summary:The main objective of this quest is to rescue Hans Capon (as usual). You have to enter Maleshov Fortress via an underground tunnel (Rosa's actually the one who provides you with the instructions).Stealthily explore the fortress until you reach the second floor of the tower. There, you encounter a woman named Lady Ofka. You can intimidate her so she doesn't call the guards.If you check by the window in Lady Ofka's room, you'll see a red book. This is the item that you need for the Rosa's Book side quest.Complete Taking French Leave however you see fit, and make sure to visit Rosa back in Kuttenberg. Part 2: Rosa's Book - A heroine's storyIf you want to romance Rosa in Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2, then you need to do this next step before you tackle the Oratores main quest, which takes place much later in the campaign. Here's a quick summary for this particular section:As you head back to Kuttenberg, read the book that you obtained for Rosa earlier. You'll see three dialogue options:Scholarship: "The writing style seems familiar..."Impression: "The author really isn't holding back."Persuasion: "What do you like about it?"Regardless of your choice here, you learn that Rosa actually penned the book herself. She then asks you a series of questions on what you'd like her to write about. Here are the responses that we chose:"A woman.""Make her courageous.""She's standing before me!""For someone else. That's more meritorious."Once Rosa is finished writing and drawing, read her work and respond with the following:"I like that there's a moral.""It's pretty, really.""I'd like to get to know you better sometime."This allows Rosa to become a trainer. She can teach you the Scholarship (Journeyman) and Marksmanship (Apprentice) skills. Part 3A: Oratores - The tunnels back to Ruthard ManorThe next part of the Rosa romance in Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 takes place during a main quest called Oratores. Rosa and Henry head through the underground tunnels that lead to Ruthard Manor. Here are some notable tidbits:Carry Rosa over a pool of water in the tunnels.Tell Rosa to be careful as she's climbing up the ivy.Defeat half a dozen looters, and take out the last bandit that's outside Rosa's room. Part 3B: Oratores - Rosa romance sceneAfter eliminating all the hostiles, talk to Rosa in her room. Choose the following replies:"Allies are our most valuable asset.""I won't let you go away!"*Kiss RosaThe decisions above lead to a cutscene where Henry and Rosa share a night together. That does it for our guide on how to romance Rosa in Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2. If you'd like to know more about Henry's other dalliances, you can head over to our romance options guide.If you need more tips as you explore Bohemia in the Middle Ages, be sure to visit our Kingdom Come: Deliverance 2 guides hub.
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    Monopoly GO: Fast And Luxurious Rewards And Milestones
    As the Knightly Quest solo event comes to an end, Monopoly GO has released another super exciting solo event Fast and Luxurious. It kicks off on Feb 6 and will continue for two days until Feb 08.
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    How to Get and Use Meta Gems in Path of Exile 2
    One of Path of Exile 2s biggest strengths as an ARPG is its class variety. From Ice Strike Monks to Spark Sorceresses to Totem Warriors, there are multitudes of different builds players can go for, thanks to the absolutely gargantuan passive skill tree, multiple ascendancies, and dozens of gear affixes to make each build slightly different.
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    All leaders tier list in Civilization 7
    There are more than two dozen leaders in Civilization 7, and not all of them are created equally. Ergo, a Civilization 7 leaders tier list is all but essential for parsing the differences.Every leader is viable, sure. However, some have more to offer than others and open new opportunities for strategizing as a result. Getting more money and culture from trade routes gives you much more freedom to plan your empire compared to just getting some extra combat strength for befriending an independent power.Below, weve compiled a tier list ranking all leaders available in Civilization 7 at launch, including Napoleons two versions that you can obtain for free by linking your 2K account to your platform account.Civilization 7 leader tier listOur Civilization 7 tier list considers not just what benefits are offered by a leaders skills, but how flexible and widely applicable they are. For example, Amina gives your military units a combat buff when they fight on certain tiles. Thats handy if you want to wage war in very specific circumstances. If youre playing on a map with few qualifying tiles, though, then her skill does you little good.Where applicable, weve also noted when a leaders first memento makes them easier to recommend. Leaders unlock these at level two, so while you wont get the benefits immediately, theyre often worth aiming for.Without further ado, heres the Civilization 7 tier list.S-tier leaders in Civilization 7The S-tier leaders in Civilization 7 have the best bonuses and offer more flexibility to let you play how you want, with fewer or no caveats compared to other leaders.Augustus Cultural Expansionist+2 Production in the capital for every townCan purchase Culture buildings+50 percent Gold toward purchasing buildings in townsPurchasing culture buildings frees your Production queues for other projects without suffering from penalties in civics research, and Augustus Production boost has multiple uses. Extra Production in the capital lets you turn your primary city into a hub of Culture, Science, Military output whatever you need, without having to rely as heavily on tile improvements. Settling or conquering additional towns to increase that boost has the convenient add-on effect of increasing your gold reserves as well, since the default town specialization converts production to gold. Those towns will develop more quickly as well, thanks to the reduced cost of buying buildings there.Ibn Battuta Expansionist WildcardGains two wildcard attributes after the first civic in every age+1 sight for all unitsHas the unique endeavor Trade Maps that lets you see other leaders explored regionsIbn Battutas skills are simple. He gets wildcard points and can see further. Thats it, but thats also all it needs to be. Having additional attribute points to spend as you see fit gives you an early start in whichever victory area you prefer. Attribute points normally accrue as you progress down a Legacy Path which takes a while and theyre tied to those specific paths. With wildcard points, youre free to invest extra in the attribute type you want to focus on or use them to cover weak areas, and thats quite the advantage to have. Knowing where other civilizations are and what theyve already uncovered also makes planning your expansion during the age of exploration easier.Ahsoka, World Renouncer Diplomatic Expansionist+1 Food in cities for every five excess Happiness+10 Food in all settlements during a celebrationAll buildings gain +1 happiness adjacency bonus for all improvementsThis version of Ahsoka is more flexible than his militaristic counterpart. More Food leads to more opportunities to improve your tiles, which stacks Happiness adjacency bonuses and makes it so celebrations occur more frequently. What you do with that growth is up to you. Youre free to prioritize improvements, expand urban districts with more specialists, or even just use that bonus Happiness to offset war weariness when you wage unjust conflicts.Harriet Tubman Diplomatic Militaristic+100 percent Influence toward initiating espionage actionsGain five war support on all wars declared against youUnits ignore movement penalties from vegetationHarriet Tubman lets you play as a pest and then suffer no penalties when someone decides theyve had enough. Espionage actions give you free Tech or Civics and worsen relationships with other leaders, as does settling near them, influencing city-states theyre interested in, and basically anything else that gives you an advantage over them. Civilization 7 classifies wars as just or unjust depending on your relationship with the other country. If theyre hostile or unfriendly and declare war, they suffer no war weariness and, as a result, no Happiness penalty in their cities. Not so with Tubman. Any war declared against her automatically starts with sizable support in her favor. Shes low-key one of the games best leaders for a Military Victory.Xerxes, King of Kings Economic Militaristic+3 combat strength for units that are attacking in neutral or enemy territoryGain 100 Culture and Gold per age when you capture a settlement for the first time+10 percent gold in all settlements, which doubles in settlements you didnt found yourself+1 settlement limit per ageXerxes, King of Kings is only slightly more complicated than his Achaemenid version in the sense that you have to wage war and claim cities through settlements or conquest to make the most of him. His combat strength bonuses make that task easier, though, and having a higher settlement cap means youre less likely to suffer Happiness penalties by acquiring too many settlements.Xerxes, The Achaemenid Cultural Economic+1 trade route limit with all other leadersGain 50 culture and 100 gold per age when you create a trade route or road+1 culture and gold per age on unique buildings and improvementsXerxes, The Achaemenid makes it incredibly easy to stack Gold and Culture buffs just by establishing trade routes. All you need to do is keep up with spending influence to increase trade route limits, but seeing as most leaders except the ones that really hate you rarely reject this endeavor, its a straightforward task. Hes one of the easiest leaders to learn the game with, and the extra Gold gives you the flexibility to prioritize whatever you want, whether its military spending or quick construction.A-tier leaders in Civilization 7The A-tier leaders in Civilization 7 also have exceptional perks that make unique strategies possible, though they come with some restrictions, such as being limited by geography or pushing you toward playing in just one or two ways.Benjamin Franklin Diplomatic Scientific+1 Science per age on Production buildings in cities+50 percent Production toward constructing Production buildings+1 Science per age from active endeavors you start or support. Franklin can also have two endeavors of the same type active at once with different leadersMost major cities need several Production buildings, and having extra Science on each, combined with faster construction times for Production buildings, is a free and easy way to boost your research capabilities. Unlocking new technologies is as helpful for Science Victories as it is for Military Victories, so playing Franklin doesnt leave you stuck with one playstyle. The diplomacy part of his designation only shows up with his first memento, unlocked at level two, which gives you 50 Influence for researching masteries in the Tech and Civic tree. Just bear in mind that you wont benefit much from his endeavors perk until then.Hatshepsut Cultural Economic+1 Culture for every imported resource+15 percent Production toward constructing buildings and wonders in cities adjacent to navigable riversIt might take half an age to get Hatshepsut set up, but once youve established trade routes and a good construction network, shes well-positioned for a cultural sweep. Imported resources give your cities bonuses anyway, and having +1 Culture for each is good incentive to keep establishing trade routes and stacking more bonuses quickly. Hatshepsuts first memento adds +1 Gold for imported resources as well and helps make trade less expensive. Her second perk relies on specific geography, but Civilization 7 tends to start leaders with these geographic requirements in zones that favor them.Isabella Expansionist EconomicGains 300 Gold every time you discover a natural wonder, and 600 gold if the wonder is in distant lands+100 percent tile yields from natural wonders+50 percent Gold toward purchasing naval units-1 Gold maintenance cost for naval unitsPlaying as Isabella means exploring as much of the map as you can, as fast as you can to claim space around natural wonders. Its a matter of luck in most cases, depending on where the map spawns them, so having much of her kit center on finding them is a bit odd. The yields on natural wonders are exceptionally high already, though, and Isabella doubles them. Any city you build there will turn into a hub of whatever yield the wonder offers science, culture, happiness, sometimes a combination of the three. Building naval units is essential in the age of exploration, and Isabellas other two perks make it likely youll reach the Distant Lands before anyone else.Machiavelli Diplomatic Economic+3 Influence per ageGains 50 Gold per age when diplomatic action proposals are accepted or 100 Gold when theyre rejectedIgnores relationship requirements for declaring formal warsCan levy troops from city-states even when you arent their suzerainMachiavelli has a lot going for him, but comes with one serious drawback: All his perks center on using Influence, and he has no special way to generate additional influence. Playing him effectively requires careful resource management, but once you strike a balance between using and hoarding influence, you can end up with remarkable advantages independent of production and trade routes. Just make sure you dont disperse independent powers, since youll need them for any wars you end up in.Pachacuti Economic ExpansionistAll buildings receive a +1 Food adjacency for mountain tilesSpecialists adjacent to mountains pay no happiness maintenancePachacuti is an interesting case. His advantages seem modest at first, but since he, like other leaders with special geographic requirements, starts in a mountainous area, your first string of towns and cities are guaranteed to have high growth rates thanks to the extra food. Prioritizing these for growth and specialists in urban districts means you end up with high science and culture yields early, without suffering any happiness penalties for it. It does require some creative expansion so these districts are near mountain tiles, though.Lafayette Cultural DiplomaticGains the Reform endeavor, which adds an extra social policy slot, and supporting the endeavor grants the other leader an extra policy slot+1 combat strength for every tradition, but not policy, slotted in government+2 culture and happiness per age in settlements, and +4 in distant landsLafayette is an unusual case who defies the labels Firaxis gave him. Hes a bit of everything, with bonuses to military strength; incentives to expand rapidly, especially in the Exploration Age; and an opportunity to stack more policy bonuses than any other leader, albeit at the expense of giving rivals an advantage as well. His first memento also increases happiness by two for each social policy. Hes well-rounded, even if he doesnt necessarily excel at any particular thing.B-tier leaders in Civilization 7The B-tier leaders in Civilization 7 excel in one area, but not much else. Theyre still perfectly playable and likely to win, though the bonuses they offer are, generally, less impressive.Amina Economic Militaristic+1 resource capacity in cities+1 Gold per age for each resource assigned to cities+5 combat strength on all units in plains and desertsAmina works more effectively as an economic leader than a military one. Cities that arent your capital have limited resource capacity, especially right after they grow from a town into a city, and having that extra slot makes dealing with shortfalls in production or happiness much easier.Youre not necessarily making more money with her second perk, though. Each trade route you establish sends money to another civs leader, so having extra Gold for each resource assigned to cities just balances that outflow. Yes, +5 combat is a fantastic perk if youre lucky enough to have enemy civilizations positioned on plain and desert tiles. If not, youre a bit out of luck.Ahsoka, World Conqueror Diplomatic Militaristic+1 Production for every five excess Happiness in cities+10 percent Production in settlements not founded by youDeclaring a formal war automatically starts a celebration and grants +10 combat strength for all units while the celebration lastsThis version of Ahsoka lives up to his name, though perhaps not to his diplomatic tag. Playing as the world conqueror means either building quickly toward a society that supports regular military output or planning ahead to the Modern Age and waging war then. Ahsoka can get his production boost by taking settlements from opponents, of course, but the easier way is to make treaties with independent powers during antiquity and exploration, so you avoid happiness penalties. By the time the Modern Age dawns, you should have an economy and production output capable of creating enough military units to sustain Ahsokas formal wars. Hes a fun leader to play as, but perhaps more restrictive than most.Catherine the Great Cultural Scientific+2 Culture per age on displayed Great WorksBuildings with Great Work slots gain an additional slotCities settled in tundra tiles gain science equal to 25 percent of their culture per turnCatherines perks are highly specialized, so taking advantage of them limits how you can play. Youll need to prioritize production as Catherine, so you can hopefully build more wonders faster during the Antiquity Age, and then choose religion augmentations that provide extra culture during the Exploration Age. That lets you research new civics and their masteries faster, which is one of the main ways you get relics during that age. Her tundra bonus is less restrictive than it sounds, though. The game tends to always start Catherine on tundra tiles, so that Science bonus will apply to your first few cities at the very least.Confucius Expansionist Scientific+25 percent growth rate in cities+2 Science from specialistsConfucius skills appear straightforward and even a bit limited at a glance, but focusing so heavily on city growth and specialists creates an unusual set of challenges that makes a match more interesting. Specialists cost Happiness, and choosing a specialist instead of growth outside urban quarters means youre giving up food or possibly production bonuses in favor of science and a bit of extra culture. Balancing city growth, deciding which towns to develop, and carefully choosing policies that offset specialist costs are much more important in this style of play. Its not necessarily better than playing as another leader, but its unique.Himiko, High Shaman Cultural Diplomatic+2 Happiness per age on Happiness buildings+50 percent Production toward constructing Happiness buildings+20 percent Culture but -10 percent Science; both effects double during celebrationsThis iteration of Himiko has little to offer outside of making celebrations happen more frequently. The goal is to make the most of your celebrations to boost Culture or whatever else you might need, such as Gold but you have to play cautiously or get lucky with espionage. The Science penalty means most other civilizations will likely have more advanced military tech than you.Charlemagne Militaristic ScientificMilitary and Science buildings receive a happiness adjacency bonus for quarters (urban tiles with two buildings)During a celebration, gains two free cavalry units, if cavalry units are unlocked+5 combat strength for cavalry units during a celebrationCharlemagne is an excellent choice if you want to wage war, since few units outrank cavalry in Civilization 7 aside from advanced ranged units. His first perk comes with the unspoken imperative of prioritizing food resources in cities, so you can expand them and develop urban quarters more quickly. Hes not a bad leader, per se just a bit plain.Jos Rizal Cultural DiplomaticWhen gaining rewards from a narrative event, gain an additional 20 Culture and 20 Gold per age. Rizal also has additional narrative events compared to most leaders+50 percent celebration duration+50 percent Happiness toward celebrationsRizals usefulness depends entirely on how many narrative events pop up during your game. It helps that he comes with extra events, but the number will fluctuate depending on which civilizations you choose and how you play. If nothing else, the frequency of celebrations means you get regular bursts of extra yields, including culture.Napoleon, Emperor Economic DiplomaticHas the Continental System sanction that reduces trade route limits of the target by one, which causes massive relationship penalties and costs more to reject+8 Hold per age for every leader you are unfriendly or hostile withCan reject endeavors for freeEmperor Napoleon is like a more aggressive version of Harriet Tubman, but with slightly worse benefits. His biggest asset is the sanction that reduces trade routes, which can play havoc with another civilizations economy and their culture output. Making them hate you is good, though, since you get some extra Gold for it and even more once you slot his first memento.Trung Trac Militaristic ScientificGain three free levels on your first army commander+20 percent commander experience+10 percent science in cities on tropical tiles, and the effect doubles when you declare a formal warTrung Trac needs conflict to function effectively, but unlike some leaders, she gets better advantages, especially with her first memento. That item gives her +1 Science for every commander level, which is a handy little boost once you get your first commander and even after, since they level up more quickly. Trung Tracs home cities will produce more science more often as well, though her playstyle limits you to cycles of war and recovery.C-tier leaders in Civilization 7The C-tier leaders in Civilization 7 are much more limited than your other choices, either in the playstyle they lend themselves to or with in how (not so) useful their bonuses are.Friedrich, Baroque Militaristic CulturalGain a Great Work when you capture a settlement for the first timeGain an infantry unit when you construct a culture buildingFor a cultural-focused leader, Friedrichs Baroque edition has few advantages in that specific area. Building culture with him requires sizable investment in military, and even then, youre not getting much in return for all that conflict. Capturing settlements is easier with siege and ranged units, so while the free infantry unit from a culture building is nice, its not helping on the conquest front. His first memento smooths over some of these issues by adding +1 culture for every military building, but hes still one of the weakest choices.Friedrich, Oblique Militaristic ScientificArmy commanders start with the Merit Commendation, which increases their command radius by one tileGain an infantry unit when you construct a science buildingOblique Friedrich is slightly better than his Baroque counterpart thanks to giving army commanders an extra tile of influence. He has nothing to help invest in military production, though, and even his memento only gives you +1 science for military buildings.Himiko, Queen of Wa Diplomatic ScientificHas the unique Friend of Wei endeavor that becomes available when allied with another civilization; Friend of Wei grants Himiko and her ally +25 percent science+4 science per age for every leader you are friendly or helpful withCan support endeavors for freeHimikos Queen of Wa version requires a specific, challenging playstyle that relies heavily on the endeavor system. Before you get any of her perks, you have to improve relations with other civs to the point where theyre at least friendly, though preferably allied as well. Its a unique way to use influence and diplomacy, but things often fall apart in the modern age. You have to pick a side when rival leaders declare war on each other, so regardless of who you choose, youre losing some of those science perks over a scenario thats out of your control.Napoleon, Revolutionary Militaristic Cultural+1 movement for all land unitsDefeating an enemy unit provides culture equal to 50 percent of that units combat strengthRevolutionary Napoleon has less going for him than his imperial version. Hes entirely focused on combat and needs consistent victories to get yield bonuses. Youre left with nothing special if theres no war happening, and if you maintain continuous conflict, you have to plan carefully to avoid war favor turning against you and causing happiness penalties. Revolutionary Napoleon presents unique challenges, but hes just not a very strong choice.Tecumseh Militaristic Diplomatic+1 Food and Production per age in settlements for every city-state you are suzerain of+1 combat strength for all units for every city-state you are suzerain ofTecumseh is only helpful if you prioritize bringing city-states into your diplomatic orbit, and even then, his bonus yields arent that impressive.For more Civilization 7 guides, heres a rundown of all Legacy Paths and victories, including walkthroughs on how to get the Culture Victory, Economic Victory, Military Victory, or Science Victory. We also have a list of the best leaders to start with.
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    Space Marines newest update adds a terrifying crab cannon to Operations
    Space Marine 2s main campaign can be polished off in a few hours, but Saber Interactive has continued to update the game with new operations and multiplayer features. On Thursday, Saber announced the third major content update for the game. Dubbed Datavault, the patch adds a new chamber to the battle barge, lots of new cosmetics, a new PvP map, and the terrifying Tyranid Biovore.In Space Marine 2, the player can either serve as Commander Titus for the main story, or they can take part in ancillary Operations. These missions are not critical to the main campaign, but they take place around the story, explaining how certain military maneuvers were pulled off. While queueing for Operations or the games PvP mode, they can hang out on the Ultramarine battle barge. Now, the battle barge has the titular Datavault, a chamber where Tech-Priests catalogue data on the games enemies. Players can compete challenges to earn that data, which accumulates a research data currency that can be turned into sweet, sweet power armor pieces and weapon skins.With the Datavault update, Operations can now include the monstrous Biovore. This Tyranid unit is a particularly cool model from the tabletop with crab-like legs and a massive organic cannon mounted on its chitinous back. PvP players can also enjoy a new map, which is themed like a Necron tomb.The Datavault update also includes a new season pass, with Raven Guard and Salamander armor sets, a new Absolute difficulty mode, lots of quality-of-life improvements, and other balance tweaks. The full patch notes can be found on the Focus website.
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