One of the Oldest Surviving Operas by a Black American Composer Will Be Performed for the First Time138 Years After It Was Written
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Edmond Dd, a talented composer who is finally getting his due Public domain via Wikimedia CommonsIn the early 1800s, New Orleans was a vibrant cultural hub. As music bubbled through the citys wards, Black orchestras performed for Black audiences and tweaked classical tunes in early antecedents of jazz.Thats the environment where Edmond Dd came of age. His skill on the clarinet andviolin made him something of a sensation in the city, according to Keith OBrien of theNew York Times.That sensational talent brought Dd shockingly little fame in the world of American classical music. After leaving for France, where he lived and wrote music until his death, he flourished as acomposer but never realized his dream: to perform his 1887 magnum opus, a 545-page grand opera called Morgiane. Experts think it could be the oldest existing opera written by a Black American composer.Now, nearly 125 years after Dds death, Morgiane will finally have its premiere. Staged byOperaCrole andOpera Lafayette, the production is billed as the the most important opera never heard.Mon pauvre coeurWatch on The story of how the sole surviving copy of Morgaine emerged from an antique music shop in Paris in 1999, wound up in the Harvard music library and finally arrived on stage in early 2025 is nearly as sweeping as the opera itself.Born a free person of color in 1827, Dd was required to carry proof of his freedom and struggled to find employment. After a brief stint in Mexico City in the 1840s, he returned to New Orleans to work as a cigar roller. He honed his craft in the evenings, writing poignant songs like Mon Pauvre Coeur (My Poor Heart) before finally quitting the United States for France in 1855.I always say Mon Pauvre Coeur is the first blues song,Givonna Joseph, the founder and artistic director of OperaCrole, tells theWashington Posts Michael Andor Brodeur. He wrote it as this wonderful art song, but sometimes I feel like maybe hes talking about himself. Its unrequited love. Dd wrote scores for vaudeville productions by day and wrote his opera in the evenings. Public domain via Wikimedia CommonsHe found greater renown in France, though he was still forced to write opera on the side. To make a living, he conducted in Bordeaux and worked in provincial theaters, producing shows that were often more like vaudeville than high art, according to the Times.He wanted to be a composer in the art music tradition,Sally McKee, a retired historian at the University of California at Davis tells the publication. He wanted to be likeMendelssohn. He wanted to be likeBrahms.He came tantalizingly close to that goal when he finished Morgiane. It was a fantastical story of a young bride abducted by a villainous sultan, until the brides motherthe title character, Morgianereveals a shocking secret to help save her kidnapped daughter.But Dd never saw it performed. He died with little money a few years later and was buried in a communal grave in Paris. Few people understoodor even witnessedhis great work, bursting at the seams of two bound volumes.The opera disappeared, and Dds legacy faded into obscurity.Edmond Dede StoryWatch on Even his descendants back in New Orleans didnt realize they had a relative with that kind of status until one picked up a magazine in a streetcar in the 1960s and saw a familiar last name, as Wesley Dede told Laine Kaplan-Levenson of WWNOs Tripod in 2018. The composer was his grandfathers uncle.But in 1999nearly 100 years after Dds deatha French music collector sold the manuscript to Harvards music library as part of his massive collection of scores. About a decade later,Andrea Cawelti, a music cataloger at Harvard, was still digging through the collection when she came across the Morgiane manuscript.I was honestly thrilled because Ive made it my lifes work to discover things and get them out into the world, Cawelti tells the Times.Soon after she digitized the manuscript, McKee published a book about Dds remarkable story calledThe Exiles Song. Slowly but surely, Dds legacy was reviving. When Joseph came across the digital manuscript around 2011, she immediately wanted to bring it to life. However, staging a long-lost work comes with unique hurdles. Parts of "Morgiane," like out-of-date instrumentation and illegible notes, had to be carefully edited. Houghton Library, Harvard UniversityThere are many challenges, the largest being that the composer has been dead for over 100 years, so we cannot consult with him when we have questions,Patrick Quigley, the conductor and incoming artistic director of Opera Lafayette, tellsWETAs John Banther.Some instruments written into the operas score, like the ophicleide, are no longer used by modern orchestras. Some sections of the manuscript were near illegible, requiring tough editorial choices on the part of Quigley and Joseph, who collaborated throughout the process of restoring the opera to its intended glory. Last summer, the team began rehearsals in Cincinnati.The music is so lush and gorgeous, and [there are] some indications of New Orleans, and its perhaps a precursor to jazz, Joseph tellsWGNOs Christopher Leach.Kenneth Kellogg, who plays the dastardly sultan, tells WETA that preparing for Morgiane is no different than preparing for Bellini or Mozart. The 1887 manuscript of Morgiane was owned by a Parisian music collector until 1999. Houghton Library, Harvard UniversityHe adds: What is different, is carrying and reclaiming the legacy of a Black American that was denied the opportunity, Kellogg adds. To lend voice to ushering him into the ears and hearts of today's audiences is a humbling honor.After an abbreviatedpremiere at the St. Louis Cathedral in New Orleans on January 24, Morgiane will greet audiences in Washington, D.C. and New York in early February. Ddsoriginal manuscript will also be on view at the Folger Shakespeare Library until March 2 as part of its Out of the Vault exhibition.It means a lot to me to bring him back home, Joseph tells WGNO. We should never allow people to put us in a box. Whatever we are compelled to do, we should do that.Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday.
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