In the late 19th century, Karl Weierstrass invented a fractal-like function that was decried as nothing less than a deplorable evil. In time, it would transform the foundations of mathematics.

The small Colorado company Entabeni Systems is quietly working to upend the ski industry with a business model built on handshake deals made in ski resort parking lots.

Training large language models (LLMs) has become central to advancing artificial intelligence, yet it is not without its challenges. As model sizes and datasets continue to grow, traditional optimization methodsmost notably AdamWbegin to show their limitations. One of the main difficulties is managing the computational cost and ensuring stability throughout extended training runs. Issues such as vanishing or exploding gradients, inconsistent update magnitudes across diverse parameter matrices, and the heavy resource demands of distributed environments complicate the process. In essence, as researchers push toward models with billions of parameters and trillions of tokens, there is a pressing need for more refined optimization techniques that can handle these complexities with greater efficiency and stability.In an effort to address these challenges, Moonshot AI in collaboration with UCLA has developed Moonlighta Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) model optimized using the Muon optimizer. Moonlight is offered in two configurations: a version with 3 billion activated parameters and a total of 16 billion parameters, trained on 5.7 trillion tokens. This work builds upon the Muon optimizer, originally designed for smaller models, by scaling its principles to meet the demands of larger training regimes. Muons core innovation lies in its use of matrix orthogonalization through Newton-Schulz iterations. This method helps to ensure that gradient updates are applied more uniformly across the models parameter space. By addressing the common pitfalls associated with AdamW, Muon provides a promising alternative that enhances both training efficiency and stability.Technical Details A closer look at the technical innovations behind Moonlight reveals the thoughtful adjustments made to the Muon optimizer. Two primary modifications were key to making Muon suitable for large-scale training. First, the integration of weight decaya technique commonly used with AdamWhelps to control the growth of weight magnitudes, particularly when training with large models and extensive token counts. Without weight decay, weights and layer outputs might grow excessively, potentially degrading model performance over time.The second adjustment involves calibrating the per-parameter update scale. In practice, the update magnitude in Muon can vary based on the shape of the weight matrices. To harmonize these updates, the method scales them by a factor proportional to the square root of the largest dimension of each matrix. This change aligns Muons behavior more closely with the well-understood performance of AdamW and ensures that all parameters are updated consistently.Furthermore, the distributed implementation of Muon builds on techniques from ZeRO-1, partitioning optimizer states across data-parallel groups. This approach reduces memory overhead and limits the communication costs typically associated with distributed training. Although additional stepssuch as gathering gradients and performing Newton-Schulz iterationsare required, these have been optimized so that their impact on overall training time remains minimal. The result is an optimizer that maintains competitive performance while requiring fewer computational resources.Insights from Empirical Results and Data AnalysisEmpirical evaluations of Moonlight underscore the practical benefits of these technical improvements. At an intermediate checkpoint of 1.2 trillion tokens, Moonlight demonstrated modest improvements over its counterpart trained with AdamW (referred to as Moonlight-A) and other similar MoE models. For example, in tasks assessing language understanding, Moonlight achieved slightly higher scores on benchmarks like MMLU. In code generation tasks, its performance gains were even more evident, suggesting that the refined update mechanics of Muon contribute to better overall task performance.Scaling law experiments further illustrate the advantages of Muon. These experiments reveal that Muon can match the performance of AdamW-trained models while using only about half the training computational cost. This efficiency is an important consideration for researchers balancing resource constraints with the desire to push model capabilities. Additionally, spectral analysis of the weight matrices indicates that Moonlights training with Muon leads to a more diverse range of singular values. Such diversity in update directions may help the model generalize better across various tasks.Additional studies during the supervised fine-tuning phase indicate that when both pretraining and fine-tuning are carried out with Muon, the benefits of this optimizer persist throughout the training pipeline. In cases where the optimizer is switched between pretraining and fine-tuning, the differences are less pronounced, suggesting that consistency in the optimization method is beneficial.ConclusionIn summary, the development of Moonlight represents a thoughtful advancement in the training of large language models. By adopting the Muon optimizer, the team at Moonshot AI and UCLA has provided a viable alternative to traditional methods like AdamW, demonstrating improvements in training efficiency and model stability. Key enhancements include the integration of weight decay and adjustments to the per-parameter update scale, both of which help to harmonize updates across different types of weight matrices. The distributed implementation further underscores the practical benefits of this approach, particularly in reducing memory and communication overhead in large-scale training environments.The insights gained from the Moonlight project are clearly articulated in the technical report, Muon is Scalable for LLM Training. This work shows that, under compute-optimal conditions, Muon can achieve comparable or even superior performance to AdamW while significantly reducing the computational cost. The report also highlights that transitioning from AdamW to Muon does not require extensive hyper-parameter tuning, simplifying the integration process for researchers.Looking ahead, the open-sourcing of the Muon implementation along with pretrained models and intermediate checkpoints is expected to foster further research into scalable optimization techniques. Future work may explore extending Muon to other norm constraints or integrating its benefits into a unified optimization framework that covers all model parameters. Such endeavors could lead to even more robust and efficient training strategies, gradually shaping a new standard for LLM development.Check outTwitterand dont forget to join our75k+ ML SubReddit. Asif RazzaqWebsite| + postsBioAsif Razzaq is the CEO of Marktechpost Media Inc.. As a visionary entrepreneur and engineer, Asif is committed to harnessing the potential of Artificial Intelligence for social good. His most recent endeavor is the launch of an Artificial Intelligence Media Platform, Marktechpost, which stands out for its in-depth coverage of machine learning and deep learning news that is both technically sound and easily understandable by a wide audience. The platform boasts of over 2 million monthly views, illustrating its popularity among audiences.Asif Razzaqhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/6flvq/Fine-Tuning NVIDIA NV-Embed-v1 on Amazon Polarity Dataset Using LoRA and PEFT: A Memory-Efficient Approach with Transformers and Hugging FaceAsif Razzaqhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/6flvq/Stanford Researchers Introduce OctoTools: A Training-Free Open-Source Agentic AI Framework Designed to Tackle Complex Reasoning Across Diverse DomainsAsif Razzaqhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/6flvq/SGLang: An Open-Source Inference Engine Transforming LLM Deployment through CPU Scheduling, Cache-Aware Load Balancing, and Rapid Structured Output GenerationAsif Razzaqhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/6flvq/Stanford Researchers Developed POPPER: An Agentic AI Framework that Automates Hypothesis Validation with Rigorous Statistical Control, Reducing Errors and Accelerating Scientific Discovery by 10x

If you're looking for some stellar sci-fi movies to add to your binge list,Prime Videois where you should be looking. The streamer is chock full of genre goodies -- and while the platform's library is full of silly B movie titles, you can find a solid collection of grade-A flicks waiting for you to click play on.Science fiction is a genre that can be whittled down to many sub-categories, and whatever your taste, I'm sure Prime Video has a movie that'll appeal to you. Instead of scrolling through countless titles to find something worthwhile, I've put this article together to guide your journey.The science fiction movies in the below list merely crack the surface of what you can find on the streamer, but they're a great place to start. From an updated take on a Universal monster classic to a Stephen King alien invasion tale and an epic dinosaur actioner, the choices are epic. You've beamed down to the proper planet. Keep reading to find out for yourself.Read more:These Epic Sci_Fi TV Shows Will Keep You on the Edge of Your SeatSee at Prime Video Blumhouse Invisible Man Written and directed by Leigh Whannell (Upgrade, Wolf Man) -- and based on the original HG Wells story -- the 2020 release of Blumhouse's Invisible Man flips the script on the iconic Universal monster movie. Themes of abuse, privilege and gaslighting permeate this tight and terrifying flick. A stellar performance by the cast, led by the always-great Elisabeth Moss, makes this a must-watch. Universal Pictures Timecop In case you couldn't tell by the title, there's time travel in this movie. Jean Claude Van Damme plays a cop who must travel through time to rescue his wife and unravel a government conspiracy. You may be wondering why this is on the list. Sometimes, you just need an action-packed B movie that requires little thought. This is one of those movies. Enjoy. Screenshot by Aaron Pruner/CNET The Chronicles of Riddick Vin Diesel reprises his role as the titular space criminal in the second installment of the Riddick franchise. While on the run from capture, he finds himself immersed in a battle to bring down a warrior army known as the Necromongers. The result is a rather entertaining story that feels a bit like Dune -- and that's not a bad thing. Warner Bros. Cloud Atlas Based on David Mitchell's novel, Cloud Atlas is an expansive sci-fi epic that takes place over many decades and explores how human lives are intrinsically connected. The Wachowskis directed the movie alongside their Sense8 co-director, Tom Tykwer. The film stars Tom Hanks, Halle Berry, Hugh Grant and Hugo Weaving. Screenshot by Aaron Pruner/CNET Stephen King's The Mist Frank Darabont took a significant risk when he turned Stephen King's novella, The Mist, into a movie. With a stacked cast led by Thomas Jane, the story is simple enough: A group of small-town folk get trapped in a store as an otherworldly mist unleashes unimaginable horrors outside. Soon, factions are formed, and -- while the terror outside remains mostly unseen -- fear causes chaos among the survivors as they struggle to make sense of the threat and each other. Darabont's ending is a heartbreaking departure from King's story and, indeed, what makes this movie pop. Universal Pictures Jurassic World Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard lead the 2015 Jurassic Park sequel, which started a new dinosaur-centered franchise that has continued thriving over the past decade. What happens when a genetically modified hybrid dinosaur -- known as the Indominus Rex -- escapes containment and wreaks havoc at the renovated and immersive dino-themed amusement park? Chaos, obviously. Warner Bros. Rampage Sometimes, you just want some mindless fun, and Rampage offers that. Based on the 1986 video game about giant mutated beasts who destroy cities, this movie stars Dwayne Johnson and is about mutated giant beasts whodestroy cities. Grab some popcorn and shut off your brain. You're welcome. Paramount Pictures A Quiet Place: Day One A QuietPlace: Day One takes audiences back to the very beginning of the alien invasion. While it may not be a necessary entry in the franchise -- like, say, 10 Cloverfield Lane, which is also on this list -- the movie digs its heels into the human experience amid an otherworldly cataclysmic disaster. Come for the disaster, stay for the cute cat. City Films Escape From New York In John Carpenter's postapocalyptic cult classic, it's 1997 in New York and the city has been ravaged by war. Manhattan has been turned into a giant walled-in prison. After the president is taken hostage, former Special Forces officer (and current prisoner) Snake Plissken (Kurt Russell) is recruited to save the day in return for his own freedom. Screenshot by Aaron Pruner/CNET Donnie Darko This mind-bending cult classic stars Jake Gyllenhaal as a misunderstood high schooler who, after seemingly surviving a horrific accident, begins traveling through time. In the process, he discovers the joy of being alive and in love. Themes of depression, repression and alternative universes fill this delightfully bizarre film. Also, let's not forget that giant demon bunny named Frank. Screenshot by Aaron Pruner/CNET Dark City Thematically reminiscent to the classic silent film Metropolis, Dark City follows a fugitive wanted for murder who doesn't at all remember committing the crimes. Is he guilty? Or is it possible he's gone completely nuts? The underworld he happens upon, which is comprised of a bunch of otherworldly beings known simply as The Strangers, keeps him and the audience guessing through much of the movie. The visual aesthetic and effects of the movie are well worth the price of admission. This one was way ahead of its time. Paramount Pictures 10 Cloverfield Lane 10 Cloverfield Lane is a riveting psychological thriller that unfolds into something unexpectedly supernatural. Technically a sequel to Cloverfield -- which means it's absolutely a sci-fi movie -- this entry explores the monstrous nature of reality and the metaphorical monsters it can create. The tight-knit cast delivers, but John Goodman's Howard is a force to reckon with.

Avatar: The Last Airbender is getting another sequel from original creators Michael DiMartino and Bryan Konietzko. In honor of the series' 20th anniversary, Nickelodeon announced the franchise's next series, Avatar: Seven Havens, one of the first releases from Avatar Studios. The new show will center on a young Earthbender who becomes the next Avatar following Korra.I've been a fan of Avatar: The Last Airbender since I was a kid, and I loved watching Aang and his friends go on adventures and learn to bend the four elements. The show had everything: Magic-infused martial arts, flying bison,secret tunnels and kids trying to save the world. Two decades later, it holds up incredibly well. (Its recentlive-action adaptation was compelling, but I thought it was missing some of the original show's charm.) NickelodeonI was equally enthusiastic about the sequel series, The Legend of Korra, which takes place 70 years after ATLA. Korra targeted an older demographic with its more mature political themes and teenage/early-adult main cast. I enjoyed being immersed in its urban steampunk setting, where members of the Four Nations lived in harmony in Republic City (OK, "harmony" may not be quite accurate -- the city was attacked on multiple occasions).However, the Avatar universe changed somewhere in the last season of Korra. While the story itself was strong and brought Korra's character arc to a fitting close, there were times when I felt the technology of her world had overshadowed bending. With Airbenders in futuristic wingsuits fighting an epic battle against a towering, energy cannon-wielding mech, the show began to feel more like science-fiction. There's nothing wrong with that -- I love science-fiction -- but it didn't feel like the right choice for Avatar, a series that has traditionally been set in a fantasy alternate past with mythological roots. NickelodeonThat's why the premise of Avatar: Seven Havens sounds like a perfect way to reset the universe. Here is the official synopsis from Nickelodeon:Avatar: Seven Havens is set in a world shattered by a devastating cataclysm. A young Earthbender discovers she's the new Avatar, after Korra -- but in this dangerous era, that title marks her as humanity's destroyer, not its savior. Hunted by both human and spirit enemies, she and her long-lost twin must uncover their mysterious origins and save the Seven Havens before civilization's last strongholds collapse.We know that Seven Havens will be set sometime after Korra, but we don't know exactly when. What stands out is that the new Avatar is no longer revered by society like her predecessors. If she's marked as "humanity's destroyer," we can probably assume that Korra was blamed for the events that shattered the world. The new premise is an intriguing twist on the conventional heroic Avatar story, though not without precedence: Aang and Korra were both occasionally fugitives in their respective series.The synopsis also implies that technology in Seven Havens has taken a step backward. While I don't know what life looks like in "civilization's last strongholds," I'm certain we won't see another skyscraper-size mech.Before Seven Havens

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Last MinuteSkyrim's development really came down to the wire, as one senior producer had to step in to make some critical tweaks just two weeks before it was released"Right before it shipped I spent two weeks doing that and was like, 'Well, I hope this is good.'"Image credit: Bethesda News by Oisin Kuhnke Contributor Published on Feb. 23, 2025 Just two weeks before it launched, Bethesda producer Jeff Gardiner tweaked Skyrim because he didn't trust AI player models.Is Skyrim a perfect game? Absolutely not, but I think one place it does deserve some credit in is that when it works, it really works. But it's entirely possible that there's another universe out there where the game didn't get some last minute tweaks that sound like it would have been a lot less fun of a game to play. In a recent interview with PC Gamer, senior producer on the game Jeff Gardiner shared that he tweaked Skyrim just two weeks before it even came out, all in the name of not relying on data models that didn't behave how real people do.To see this content please enable targeting cookies. "I had this fight with the designers at the time. They wanted to do things through data and simulations," Gardiner explained. "And I was like, 'But the player does things, like backs up and double taps'. And they would run AI simulations, where an NPC and a monster would fight each other, and if over 10 times the simulated player won more than 50%, then it was balanced. But I was like, 'They're not backing up. The AI only does so many things.'"The point Gardiner was making at the time is that people are weird and they behave in particular, sometimes unpredictable ways, and in games can often be quite defensive, whereas the AI model was just attacking. In turn, that could have led to Skyrim being balanced towards combat focused players, but Gardiner had seen a similar issue on Oblivion."So you had this problem in Oblivion with Clannfear, where they'd get you into these things called stun locks, which is the most frustrating thing to a player. But the AI, when it got stun-locked, would be doing something different than the player would be doing. So on Skyrim, I came in and I went through and I played the game with all these different archetypes, and then would tweak the creatures and the weapons and stuff. Right before it shipped I spent two weeks doing that and was like, 'Well, I hope this is good.'"Still, it clearly worked out well enough as even more than a decade later, Skyrim is still one of the most popular and beloved games around. Let's just hope that recent Elder Scrolls 6 mention was a proper sign of life so we can at least start playing something new.

Game OffHow is the creator of PUBG's next game different from Hello Games' upcoming Light No Fire? Well, for starters it's "not a game", apparently"I'm building a world."Image credit: PlayerUnknown Productions News by Oisin Kuhnke Contributor Published on Feb. 23, 2025 Brendan Greene, the creator of PUBG, says his next game isn't like Hello Games' Light No Fire because he's "not making a game."When you hear about the concept for Project Artemis, the ambitious follow-up to Greene's very successful PUBG, you might think that it sounds a little bit like No Man's Sky. Artemis is described as an "Earth-scale" open-world sandbox, and obviously the key gimmick of No Man's Sky is that all of its planets are realistically (more or less) sized, meaning they're difficult to fully explore. Hello Games is scaling back a touch with its next game, Light No Fire, also an open-world sandbox game that takes place on a single planet that's roughly the size of our own planet, which sounds even more like Greene's Artemis.To see this content please enable targeting cookies. Speaking to GamesRadar, however, the PUBG creator explained the differences between his game and Light no Fire, noting how Hello Game's title is "procedural" as opposed to Artemis, which uses machine-learning tech. "I don't know their tech stack, so I'm not super familiar with the way they generate stuff, but I don't think it's the same goal at the end, which is providing an open-source holodeck," Greene explains. "And that's the difference. I think most people are making games. I'm not making a game, I'm building a world."I don't know about you, but that framing ironically reminds me of No Man's Sky's early days, which perhaps over promised on certain aspects of the game (though in the years since it has been fleshed out exponentially). Still, really the big thing for Green is that he doesn't "want to make games for people, I want to make games with people," continuing on to explain that "if you give the player or the community the means to generate their own experiences, they'll go ham."We've obviously seen tactics like that find a lot of success in games like Fortnite and Roblox, but Green has previously said that Project Artemis could be up to a decade away still, so whether that's something players will even still want by then is really up in the air. Though it's not a game, as Greene says, so maybe that won't matter! I guess we'll find out in 2035.

Join Fox News for access to this content You have reached your maximum number of articles. Log in or create an account FREE of charge to continue reading. By entering your email and pushing continue, you are agreeing to Fox News' Terms of Use and Privacy Policy, which includes our Notice of Financial Incentive. Please enter a valid email address. There is a futuristic city designed and built from the ground up in Japan to test the latest technologies.It's called Woven City, and it's a bold experiment by Toyota to transition from being just an automaker to a broader mobility company focused on the future of movement.Far from a traditional testing ground, this is a fully functional urban environment designed for real people to live, work and play while contributing to groundbreaking research.STAY SAFE & IN THE KNOWAT NO COST! SUBSCRIBE TO KURTS THE CYBERGUY REPORT FOR FREE SECURITY ALERTS & TECH TIPS Woven City (Toyota)What exactly is Woven City?Think ofWoven City as a real-world laboratory. This is a place where inventors, residents and visitors come together to test and refine innovations in a city that's, well, actually lived in. According to Toyota Chairman Akio Toyoda, it's"a place where people can invent and develop all kinds of new products and ideas a living laboratory."It's Toyota's ambitious project to create a test bed for autonomous vehicles, smart homes, robotics and artificial intelligence, all within a carefully designed urban environment. The aim is really to become a "mobility company" that focuses on the movement of people, goods, information and energy. Woven City (Toyota)Where is this futuristic city?You'll find Woven City in Susono City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, on the site of a former car plant. It's a deliberate move, repurposing a space previously dedicated to traditional car manufacturing into a hub for future mobility solutions. Woven City (Toyota)Who will live there?Woven City isn't just for robots and tech; it's designed for people. The initial residents, expected to move in this fall, will be around 100 strong, primarily Toyota and "WbyT" (Woven by Toyota) employees and their families. The community will then expand to around 360 residents during its first phase. Eventually, the city plans to house around 2,000 people, including inventors, weavers and visitors."Inventors" include Toyota employees, startups and entrepreneurs focused on mobility solutions. "Weavers" are residents and visitors who will collaborate with inventors by testing new products and services. There are already several partner companies involved, including a soft drink company, a coffee company, an instant noodle company, an air-conditioning company and an educational company. Woven City (Toyota)The three streets: Prioritizing different modes of transportationWoven City's design incorporates a unique street system, separating traffic based on speed and usage to promote safety and efficiency. There are three types of streets:Dedicated to faster vehicles: This lane is designated for autonomous vehicles and is optimized for the efficient and safe movement of goods and people.Mixed-use street:This lane allows for a mix of lower-speed mobility, such as bicycles, scooters and other personal mobility devices, alongside pedestrians.Pedestrian-only park: Designed exclusively for pedestrians.This layered approach ensures a balanced environment where different modes of transportation can coexist safely and sustainably, reflecting Woven City's human-centered design philosophy. Woven City (Toyota)What's the goal of this futuristic city?The heart of Woven City is "co-creation." It's about bringing together diverse groups of people to develop human-centered solutions for societal challenges. Instead of testing in isolated labs, inventors can see how their products integrate into daily life.To support this, Woven City offers the "Woven Inventor Garage," providing access to cutting-edge technologies. One cool example is the "Digital Twin," a virtual simulation of the city where inventors can model scenarios and test products on a digital platform before deploying them in the real world.WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)? Woven City (Toyota)Mobility of goods, people and informationSo, what kind of innovations are being tested? Here are some of Toyota's pioneering efforts:Mobility of goods & people:Testing Toyota's e-Palette for automated transport, like bus services and mobile retail.GET FOX BUSINESS ON THE GO BY CLICKING HERESmart logistics: Using delivery robots linked to smartphone apps to automate the transportation of goods.Next-gen remote communications: Developing technologies to foster emotional connections between people who are physically apart, enhancing screen time for individual growth and social connections. Woven City (Toyota)From looms to living cities: Toyota's core philosophyIt's interesting to note that Toyota's roots aren't just in cars. The company's founder, Sakichi Toyoda, revolutionized the textile industry with inventions that eased his mother's work on a manual loom. This "for others" philosophy continues to drive Toyota's initiatives, from automobiles to Woven City.Kurt's key takeawaysWoven City signifies Toyota's commitment to shaping the future of mobility and creating a better world through innovation. As the first residents move in and the city continues to evolve, it will be interesting to watch how this "living laboratory" redefines what's possible.Would you want to live in a high-tech, experimental city like Toyotas Woven City? Why or why not? Let us know by writing us atCyberguy.com/ContactCLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APPFor more of my tech tips and security alerts, subscribe to my free CyberGuy Report Newsletter by heading to Cyberguy.com/NewsletterAsk Kurt a question or let us know what stories you'd like us to coverFollow Kurt on his social channelsAnswers to the most asked CyberGuy questions:New from Kurt:Copyright 2025 CyberGuy.com. All rights reserved.

Can an off-brand charger compete with the big names? I put it through its paces to find out.