A worker digging up clay in an English limestone quarry discovered a dinosaur highway made up of 200 tracks dating back 166 million years. The Oxfordshire footprints include a mix of footprints from both herbivores and at least one carnivore. Most dinosaur toes pointed northward.So just who were these creatures, where were they heading and why were they going there?Following the FootprintsAt least four sets of tracks were likely made by the long-necked herbivores Cetiosaurus, a dinosaur that grew to nearly 60 feet long. Another set looks like the distinctive three-toed feet of the Megalosaurus, a 30-foot-long predator. One stretch shows the carnivore and herbivore tracks crossing, raising questions about whether and how the two were interacting.Richard J. Butler, paleontologist at the University of Birmingham, who worked at the site, applied some deductive reasoning to pinpoint the dinos intentions. Most of the tracks seem to be heading in the same direction (broadly towards the north), probably following the coastline, Butler says. The herbivores must have been heading towards somewhere with food because there was no vegetation on the mudflats in which the tracks are preferred. One possibility is that the carnivore might have been following/shadowing herds of herbivores.Sauropod Sweet SpotThe Southeast England location appears to have been a sweet spot for sauropods. The first Megalosaurus bones were found within 15 miles in 1824 essentially launching dinosaur science. Then in 1997, researchers found similar footprints within a half mile, but in a different quarry of the same rock type. The two are likely connected.They are in the same limestone surface so actually the 1990s discoveries and the new ones form parts of a huge track site, says Butler. Together, the sites document hungry sauropods that were likely constantly on the march for food.Its clear that a lot of large sauropods were traveling through this particular area, perhaps in herds, says Butler. Where were they traveling to? Thats unclear but it must have been somewhere with plants because these giant herbivores needed to consume a lot of vegetation daily.Documenting the PastUntil the discovery this summer, that earlier location was considered the most scientifically important set of dinosaur prints. However, those have been buried and are now largely inaccessible.Its unlikely a similar fate will befall the new ones. And they have already become well documented. Scientists snapped over 20,000 digital pictures and deployed drones to create 3-D models of the prints. Paleontologists will draw on this data to help understand each dinosaur's size, stride, and speed. The quality of the tracks should make such calculations easier and help reconstruct the world in which these dinosaurs roamed.The preservation is so detailed that we can see how the mud was deformed as the dinosaurs feet squelched in and out, Duncan Murdock, an Earth scientist at the Oxford museum and one of the scientists studying the scene, said in a press release. Along with other fossils like burrows, shells and plants we can bring to life the muddy lagoon environment the dinosaurs walked through.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:University of Birmingham. Major new footprint discoveries on Britains dinosaur highwayBefore joining Discover Magazine, Paul Smaglik spent over 20 years as a science journalist, specializing in U.S. life science policy and global scientific career issues. He began his career in newspapers, but switched to scientific magazines. His work has appeared in publications including Science News, Science, Nature, and Scientific American.

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Back in 2017, Apple introduced a new default photo format for the iPhone, HEIC (or "high efficiency image container"). I've got nothing against this highly efficient format, since it takes up less space than JPG and its compression helps power Live Photos and Apples excellent image post-processing. But it can be a headache at times.While HEIC works fine if youre sharing a photo with other Apple devices, you'll often run into a problem when you need to upload a photo to an online form or open it in Windows: it won't be compatible.There are a couple of ways to handle this. You can use a workaround to convert HEIC images to JPG (or JPEG) on your iPhone, or you can adjust your settings and switch back to shooting photos in JPG. If the photo is already on your Mac or Windows PC, you have some options there as well, including opening the photo natively on your PC. Here are your options to convert HEIC to JPG, or otherwise access your HEIC photos.Change your iPhone's default photo format Credit: Khamosh Pathak If you dont like the HEIC format, the first thing you should do is switch the default format for your iPhone's Camera app to JPG. Go to Settings > Camera > Formats and switch to the Most Compatible option. Now, any new photos that you take will be saved in JPG, making it much easier to share everywhere.Theres also a special mode in Settings that automatically converts photos to JPG when sharing to Windows or Mac, but keeps them as HEIC on iPhone (helping save some storage space). To enable this feature, go to Settings > Photos > Transfer to Mac or PC and choose the Automatic option.Batch Convert HEIC Images Using Mac Quick Actions Credit: Khamosh Pathak If youre using a Mac running macOS Monterey or higher, theres a quick image conversion tool built into the Finder app that supports multiple images at once. Select the HEIC photos you want to convert, right-click, and go to Quick Actions > Convert Image. Here, choose the JPEG format and click the Convert to JPEG option. Credit: Khamosh Pathak Convert HEIC Images using Preview Credit: Khamosh Pathak If you're using an older Mac, you might not have access to the new Quick Actions feature. In that case, you can use the trusty old Preview app to convert images to JPEG. First, open the image in the Preview app.Then, go to File > Export. Here, choose JPEG as the format and click Save. This will create a new file in the same folder as the original image.Batch Export HEIC Images from the Photos app Credit: Khamosh Pathak The Photos app on Mac seamlessly syncs all your photos from your iPhone to your Mac using iCloud. But all those photos are still in HEIC format. Thankfully, you can quickly export HEIC images from the Photos app. Select all the photos you want to export, then go to File > Export > Export [X] Photo(s). Make sure to use the JPEG format, and click the Export button.Alternatively, a simple drag and drop gesture is enough to turn an HEIC image to JPEG. Select images from the Photos app, then drag and drop them to the desktop or any folder in the Finder app. The resulting image will be formatted into JPEG format.Quickly convert an HEIC image to JPG on your phone using the Files app Credit: Khamosh Pathak A quick way to convert HEIC photos to JPG right on your iPhone is to use the Files app. Open the Photos app on your iPhone and select the photos that you want to convert. Then, tap the Share icon and choose the Save to Files option.Go to the Files app, find the image that you saved, press and hold on it, then go to Quick Actions > Convert Image. Choose the JPEG file format, then choose the image size (best to stick to the Original size option). The image will instantly be converted to JPEG. And yes, this works for either a single image or a huge batch of images. Open HEIC images in the Photos app on WindowsWindows does let you open HEIC images in Photos, but not by default. Youll need to download both HEIF Image Extensions (free) and HEVC Video Extensions ($0.99) from the Microsoft Storebut once you do, youll be able to open HEIC files in your Photos app, as well as convert them to JPG.With these extensions installed, you can open your HEIC photos using your PC's photo app, and even convert them to JPG by navigating to Three dots menu > Save as > Save as type > JPG. Alternatively, with the extensions installed, you can also open your HEIC photo in Paint and navigate to File > Save as > JPEG picture to do the same thing.Use Clop for Mac to Automatically Convert HEIC Images from Downloads Folder Credit: Clop For every roadblock, there's a Mac utility. For obscure image and video formats, there's Clop. Once installed, the app automatically converts images that you download or import to JPG. This is useful when downloading WebP images online, and when you're airdropping HEIC files to your Mac. The app handles image conversion in the background, and after the 14-day trial, you're limited to five conversions per session. You can remove all limits by upgrading to Clop Pro for $15.After installing the app, go to Settings > Images > Watch Paths and add /Downloads as a path, as this is where your airdropped HEIC images will show up. Now, whenever you Airdrop or transfer HEIC images to your Mac, they will be converted to JPG without you having to lift a finger. Ah, automation is bliss.Convert HEIC to JPG on Windows with a right-click using CopyTransYou can also use the popular CopyTrans for Windows app to more easily convert HEIC to JPG on a Windows computer. This app is free for personal use, and it has a direct integration in the File Explorer. All you have to do is select the HEIC file you want to convert, right-click, and choose the Convert to JPEG with CopyTrans option to automatically create a JPG version of the same image, in the same folder.Use online websites to convert HEIC photos Want to quickly convert a couple of HEIC photos, and dont want to bother setting up apps? There are free image converters all over the internet, although you'll want to be careful about which you use. A reliable option is Cloud Convert. Just drag in HEIC photos, hit the Convert button, and download the resulting JPG files.

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