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9TO5MAC.COMiOS 19: Everything we know so farBelieve it or not, were just five months away from the announcement of iOS 19. Ahead of that launch, rumors have started to surface on things like new iOS 19 features, supported devices, and more.Will your iPhone support iOS 19? Every year, one of the most important questions is which iPhone models will support the newest iOS update. As it turns out, theres good news across the board for iPhone users in 2025. According to the oft-reliable folks at iPhoneSoft, all devices that support iOS 18 will be able to update to iOS 19. That means the following devices will support iOS 10 this year: iPhone XRiPhone XS and XS MaxiPhone 11iPhone 11 Pro and 11 Pro MaxiPhone 12 and 12 miniiPhone 12 Pro and 12 Pro MaxiPhone 13 and 13 miniiPhone 13 Pro and 13 Pro MaxiPhone 14 and 14 PlusiPhone 14 Pro and 14 Pro MaxiPhone 15 and 15 PlusiPhone 15 Pro and 15 Pro MaxiPhone 16 and 16 PlusiPhone 16 Pro and 16 Pro MaxiPhone SE (2nd gen)iPhone SE (3rd gen)The key context, of course, is that not all features in iOS 19 will be available on all iPhone models. Some of the most power-hungry features, like Apple Intelligence, will be limited to only the newest iPhone models. iOS 19 featuresLLM Siri According to Bloomberg, one of the major new features in iOS 19 will be an upgraded version of Siri that is powered by advanced large language models, or LLMs. The new Siri will interact more like a human and perform similarly to other platforms like ChatGPT and Googles Gemini. It will also tie into the existing App Intents system in iOS to offer precise control of third-party apps, Bloomberg says. Currently, iOS 18 offers ChatGPT integration as part of Siri and Apple Intelligence. However, Apples goal with iOS 19 is to bring this functionality in-house and emphasize the privacy benefits of its platform compared to OpenAIs ChatGPT. Of note, even though Apple will reportedly announce this new LLM Siri as part of iOS 19, the system wont actually ship until 2026 as part of a subsequent update such as iOS 19.4. DelaysEven as we approach the announcement of iOS 19 in June, Apple is still working to complete the rollout of features announced for iOS 18 last year. Some of the most impressive and powerful Apple Intelligence features announced for iOS 18 still havent been released and arent expected until iOS 18.4 in March. According to Bloomberg, Apples work ongoing iOS 18 development means that a larger-than-usual number of features scheduled for iOS 19 have already been postponed until spring 2026. This is because Apples engineers are still working on iOS 18 projects when theyd usually already be on to the following OS. This means that iOS 19 might be missing a number of key features when its released in September. The missing features would then be added gradually over the coming months as part of iOS 19.1, iOS 19.2, iOS 19.3, and iOS 19.4. iOS 19 release date timeline iOS 19 will likely be announced at WWDC in June and will subsequently be available in beta testing with developers. A public beta for iOS 19 will likely be released in July, followed by a release to everyone in September. Prior iOS developer beta release dates: iOS 18: June 10, 2024iOS 17: June 5, 2023iOS 16: June 6, 2022iOS 15: June 7, 2021iOS 14: June 22, 2020Prior iOS public beta release dates: iOS 18: July 15, 2024iOS 17: July 12, 2023iOS 16: July 11, 2022iOS 15: June 30, 2021iOS 14: July 9, 2020Prior iOS official release dates: iOS 18: September 16, 2024iOS 17: September 18, 2023iOS 16: September 16, 2022iOS 15: September 20, 2021iOS 14: September 16, 2020Wrap upDo you have any features on your iOS 19 wishlist? Are you hoping that Apple continues to double down on Apple Intelligence, or would you rather see a focus on non-AI features? Let us know down in the comments. Well keep this guide updated as more iOS 19 rumors emerge ahead of WWDC 2025. My favorite iPhone accessories: Add 9to5Mac to your Google News feed. FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.Youre reading 9to5Mac experts who break news about Apple and its surrounding ecosystem, day after day. Be sure to check out our homepage for all the latest news, and follow 9to5Mac on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn to stay in the loop. Dont know where to start? Check out our exclusive stories, reviews, how-tos, and subscribe to our YouTube channel0 Comments 0 Shares 26 Views
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FUTURISM.COMBook App Alarmed as Its AI Starts Mocking Users for Reading Books by Women and MinoritiesYikes.Page BurnerThe popular book app Fable has come under fire for its AI-generated annual roundups, which some users say gave them offensive messages about race and gender, Wired reports.These days, every app imaginable is deploying its own take on the wildly popular Spotify Wrapped feature by providing personalized end-of-year recaps for users' consumption habits. Hopping on the trend, Fable tried to stand out by using AI to "playfully roast" its readers.In some cases, however, the AI veered into overly edgy territory in what appears to be an all-too-common case of a large language model defying its guardrails.The summary for Fable user Tiana Trammell, for example, praised her for being a "soulful explorer" of "Black narratives," before about-facing completely: "Don't forget to surface for the occasional white author, okay?""I typically enjoy my reader summaries from [Fable], but this particular one is not sitting well with me at all," Trammell wrote on Threads.Become the WokerOther users reported similar cases of the AI striking an almost comically reactionary tone.One writer's Fable summary called him a "diversity devotee" and asked if he's "ever in the mood for a straight, cis white man's perspective." Trammell says she's also seen other people whose summaries snidely commented on "disability and sexual orientation."It's unclear how widespread these cases were. But Fable has responded to the complaints by issuing a formal apology. "To our community: we are deeply sorry for the hurt caused by some of our Reader Summaries this week," the company posted on Threads. "We promise to do better."What "doing better" looks like, if you're wondering, is tinkering with its AI model. "For the time being, we have removed the part of the model that playfully roasts the reader, and instead, the model simply summarizes the user's taste in books," Kimberly Marsh Allee, Fable's head of community, told Wired.Closed BookSome users, though, would prefer to see the AI's proverbial head roll."They need to say they are doing away with the AI completely," fantasy romance author A.R. Kaufer told Wired. "This 'apology' on Threads comes across as insincere, mentioning the app is 'playful' as though it somehow excuses the racist/sexist/ableist quotes."Fable's decision to muzzle its AI raises serious questions about the tech's usefulness for major brands. Surely AI's novelty is that it can whip up pithy remarks that sound like human speech. If it's not trustworthy enough to perform that function without making a serious faux pas at every turn, then why should brands trust it with their customers? And doesn't limiting these bots to become dry summarizers defeat the point of what makes them appealing in the first place?Share This Article0 Comments 0 Shares 27 Views
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FUTURISM.COMZuckerberg Announces New Measures to Increase Hate Speech on FacebookIn a cringe-inducing attempt to curry favor with president-elect Donald Trump, Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg has announced sweeping changes on Facebook, Instagram, and Threads that will almost certainly allow hate speech, misinformation, and other deleterious drek to proliferate on the platform even more than it already does."It's time to get back to our roots around free expression," the 40-year-old tech founder said in a new video posted to Facebook. Apparently, that means replacing Meta's controversial third-party fact-checkers with user-submitted "community notes," lifting restrictions on "controversial topics," and moving its content review team from liberal California to deep-red Texas.Amid it all, a sidelong reference the millennial technocrat made to Trump suggests he's gearing up for the president-elect's second inauguration in just a few weeks."After Trump first got elected in 2016, the legacy media wrote nonstop about how misinformation was a threat to democracy," the CEO said. "We tried in good faith to address those concerns without becoming the arbiters of truth."During his five-minute-long video address, Zuckerberg admitted that the new community note scheme was "similar to X," formerly Twitter. He failed to mention, however, that its newish owner Elon Musk also announced plans to relocate X and SpaceX from the Golden State to Texas last year amid that billionaire's attempt to escape regulations and what he framed as excessive political correctness.Along with those moves, the chief meta-mate also announced that the tech conglomerate plans to "get rid of a bunch of restrictions" on topics such as immigration and gender because, as he put it, such regulations are "just out of touch with mainstream discourse.""What started as a movement to be more inclusive has increasingly been used to shut down opinions and shut out people with different ideas, and it's gone too far," Zuckerberg said. "So I want to make sure that people can share their beliefs and experiences on our platforms."Exactlywhat allowing users to"share their beliefs" means about topics like gender identity and immigration means seems painfully clear: in an environment where some groups are fighting for self-determination and safety and others are often literally braying for blood, the company is loosening its existing standards on what sorts of hateful things you can say on its platform.To round the entire thing off, the Harvard dropout also announced that Meta will be "bringing back civic content," which is his robotic way of saying that the company will soon start promoting political posts."For a while the community asked to see less politics because it was making people stressed, so we stopped recommending these posts," Zuckerberg said. "But it feels like we're in a new era now, and we're starting to get feedback that people want to see this content again. So we're going to start phasing this back into Facebook, Instagram, and Threads, while working to keep the communities friendly and positive."That last bit, if you didn't catch it, is almost laughably similar to recent comments from Musk begging people to be nicer and more positive on X even while the free speech absolutist himself tweets ableist slurs against people who criticize him.Taken together, the shifts seem almost certain to open the floodgates for hate speech in the name of free speech."We're going to dramatically reduce the amount of censorship on our platforms," Zuckerberg threatened. Given that he just appointed Dana White, UFC head and longtime Trump friend, to Meta's board, it seems best to take him at his word.Share This Article0 Comments 0 Shares 26 Views
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WWW.CNET.COMBest Sleep Headphones of 2025Ozlo Sleepbuds Best overall sleep headphones $299 at Ozlo Anker Sleep A20 Earbuds Best wireless earbuds with Bluetooth for sleep $150 at Amazon QuietOn 3.1 Earbuds Best active noise-canceling headphones $277 at QuietOn Manta Sound Sleep Mask Best 2-in-1 sleep mask and headphones $143 at Manta Sleep SoundOff Sleep Earbuds Best noise-masking sleep headphones $180 at SoundOff SleepPhones by AcousticSheep Best sleep headband for side sleepers $40 at Amazon Musicozy 5.2 Sleep Headphones Best budget headband headphones for sleep $20 at Amazon Maxrock Sleeping Earbuds Best budget wired earbuds for sleeping $16 at Amazon Falling asleep with your headphones on is nothing new, but not all headphones are good at making you fall asleep and stay asleep longer. This is especially true if youre a light sleeper who can wake up at the slightest sound. Whether you want to block out the world with white noise or fall asleep to relaxing music, a good pair of sleep headphones can alter your sleep quality greatly.I've always been a light sleeper and the slightest sound disrupts my slumber. I've had disturbed sleep due to a variety of reasons, whether from city noises outside our downtown apartment, our cat taking a bath next to my head or my husband snoring. I even tried white noise machines and playing YouTube scenes on the TV to drown out the annoying noises, but these solutions didn't always work. Not to forget, they can be potentially annoying for your partner if they don't like listening to it. That's what led me to try sleep headphones.Some folks, including me, have sensitive ears or dislike plugging your ear canals with earbuds. Luckily, you can get sleep headphones come in all shapes, sizes and functionalities. You can get them as bands that wrap around your head, earbuds with Bluetooth, active noise-canceling headphones and more. Regardless of which type you pick, the right pair of sleep headphones can help you calm down, lower your blood pressure and slow your heart and breath rates -- all vital for deep, quality rest.Our CNET sleep team has been testing mattresses and sleep-related products and accessories for years. After sleeping with over a dozen sleep headphone brands, we've rounded up the best options on the market.What are the best overall headphones for sleeping?The Ozlo Sleepbuds take the crown as the best overall sleep headphones due to their comfortability and functionality. In addition to streaming your own audio, you can block out extraneous noises by listening to soothing soundscapes from its built-in sound library. These headphones also have a neat alarm feature. Best headphones for sleeping David Carnoy/CNET Battery life Up to 10 hoursANC, PNC or other Passive noise cancelingHeadphone type In-earConnection type Bluetooth When they were first released back in 2018, Bose's noise-masking Sleepbuds were hailed as game-changers for light sleepers and those dealing with sleeping partners who snored. Alas, Bose ran into some issues with the battery on both the original model and the second-gen version and ended up discontinuing the Sleepbuds, much to the chagrin of a lot of folks who really liked them. Well, three former Bose engineers acquired the rights to the Sleepbuds and have now come out with new Sleepbuds under their new Ozlo brand. They feature the same design as the original Sleepbuds -- both the buds and charging case essentially look identical -- but have a key new feature: you can now stream other audio to the buds from your phone over Bluetooth (the original Sleepbuds just stored the noise-masking sounds on the buds and didn't allow for streaming music).How they sleep: One of the Sleepbuds' biggest strengths is how tiny they are and how comfortably they fit most people's ears (they come with four different-sized ear tips). I didn't have any wearability issues with them even though I'm a side sleeper. How they sound: They're not active noise-canceling earbuds, they have good passive noise isolation and do a very good job eliminating ambient sound when you apply one of the masking sounds, whether it's waves crashing on the beach, falling rain, the crackling of a burning fire and more. You can also set a personal alarm to go off in your ears so your sleeping partner isn't disturbed and the buds can sense when you've fallen asleep while listening to music and automatically kick in your chosen noise-masking sound. Finally, there are also some sleep-monitoring features.I can't say everything worked perfectly all the time and I think Ozlo is still working out the kinks with its companion app for iOS and Android. When streaming music -- don't expect much bass but the sound was better than I thought it would be -- you have to keep the buds' case nearby because the case is used for streaming -- and charging (the buds are rated for up to 10 hours of battery life). All in all, I was impressed with this new iteration of Sleepbuds and hope there are no battery issues going forward.Pros:Has a sound libraryCan stream your own audioGreat at noise maskingComfortable for all sleeper typesCons:ExpensiveYou have to keep the case nearby for streaming $299 at Ozlo $299 at Amazon Screenshot by David Carnoy/CNET Battery life Up to 14 hoursANC, PNC or other Passive noise cancelingHeadphone type In-earConnection type Bluetooth Anker's second-generation sleep buds offer some modest but important improvements, including better battery life and new "Twin-Seal" ear tips instead of single-layer ear tips that provide a tighter, more comfortable fit and 3x better passive noise reduction, according to Anker. Like the earlier Sleep A10 buds, the Sleep A20 buds are tiny and lightweight and have a good value compared to sleep buds like the Ozlo Sleepbuds, which cost more and have similar features.How they sleep:Their flat design means they fit entirely inside your ear (or at least most ears), making them suitable for side sleeping with your ear resting against the pillow. They're quite comfortable for in-ear earbuds, although if you don't like having an ear tip covering your ear canal, I can't guarantee you'll be able to wear them all night. I like the fit of the Ozlo buds slightly better, but the Sleep A20 buds fit my ears well overall.How they sound:To be clear, there is no active noise canceling. The buds themselves passively block out some ambient noise, and then you can choose to play one of a wide selection of sleep noises, including white and brown noise, plus the typical soothing sounds of nature (rain, chirping birds, fire crackling, waves crashing) that help mask external sounds like your partner's snoring.The Sleep A20s also feature the ability to play your own music and audio via Bluetooth 5.3 from your phone or another device. The sound isn't half bad, considering how small the buds are. They're a bit bass-shy but should sound "good enough" for most folks.As mentioned, the battery life has also been improved. You can now get up to 14 hours on a single charge for sleep sounds or closer to 10 hours if you're using Bluetooth. The charging case stores an additional 55 hours.With their MEMS sensor, these headphones can also track your sleeping positions and movements throughout the night, providing sleep data and analytics. You can also set an alarm that sounds on the buds so only you, not your sleeping partner, hear it. The Sleep A20 Earbuds are among the most feature-rich sleep buds I've tested.Read about our first thoughts on the Soundcore A20 Earbuds by Anker Sleep. Pros:Sound library and streaming capabilitiesFlat, ergonomic designGreat quality for the priceCons:Do not actively cancel noise Aly Lopez/CNET Battery life 28 hoursANC, PNC or other Active noise canceling (ANC)Headphone type In-earConnection type None The QuietOn 3.1 Sleep Earbuds are nearly three times smaller than the Apple AirPods. They effectively cancel lower-frequency, consistent sounds such as snoring, car traffic, a running dishwasher or the bass from songs your annoying neighbor blasts at midnight. The earbuds come with foam tips in four different sizes so you can find the right fit for you.How they sleep: The QuietOn 3.1 Earbuds are surprisingly tiny and light, fitting snugly into your ears so you can sleep in every position, including your side -- although, at first, I had to adjust my head while sleeping on my side to prevent unwanted pressure from the earbud against the pillow. I typically don't like wearing earbuds, but I found these to be more comfortable than most other brands I've tried.For the active noise cancellation to work correctly, you have to wear the right size of foam tip in your ears. The fit should be snug and airtight, which may be uncomfortable for those with extremely sensitive ear canals. I tried the XS and small sizes before finding the medium was much more effective at reducing the noises around me.How they sound: These headphones do not have Bluetooth or connectivity; instead, they actively cancel out ambient sounds by generating opposite waveforms against the noise. This technology does not create any sound you can hear, like faint white noise, contrary to what I had expected. They're like advanced earplugs -- the goal is quietude. It's important to note that these headphones do not block everything. You can still hear higher-frequency sounds and sudden noises, which can be good if you still want to hear certain things, such as your alarm clock.I tried a few simulations and found that it significantly reduced lower-frequency sounds. As for snoring, I could still hear it faintly next to me when the snoring simulation was at full volume, but it was much less noticeable.The QuietOn 3.1 Earbuds come with a compact carrying case for easy traveling and charging. The headphones' materials are high-quality and durable, and the battery life is impressive, lasting up to 28 hours on a single charge. At nearly $300, they're expensive, but if you're consistently losing sleep because of snoring and other disruptive noises, these may be worth it. Pros:Effective low-frequency noise cancellationSmall earbuds create a comfortable and secure fitLong battery lifeCan sleep in any positionCons:ExpensiveCan't play your own audioWon't remove or block all sounds $277 at QuietOn Aly Lopez/CNET Battery life Up to 20 hoursANC, PNC or other Noise maskingHeadphone type Over-ear headbandConnection type Bluetooth We chose the Manta Sound Sleep Mask as the best two-in-one sleep accessory and one of the best for side sleepers. It has tapered C-shaped eyecups that you can move and adjust to fit comfortably. I love that the eyecups are spacious enough to prevent pressure on your eyes and keep your eyelashes from being smushed -- a bothersome element of most other sleep masks.How they sleep: The adjustable C-shaped eyecups allow you to lie comfortably in any position, including side sleeping. It's surprisingly comfortable, considering its bulkier design. I've never woken up at night because the mask caused discomfort. Thanks to its perforated design for ventilation, it doesn't make me overheat like I thought it would. With a battery life of up to 20 hours, you can wear Manta Sleep for two to three nights without charging it.How they sound: The Manta Sound Sleep Mask's sound quality is impressive. Like most other sleep headphones, songs with heavy bass sound slightly tinny at full blast but are around half to three-quarters volume are perfectly acceptable. These headphones do a great job of creating more of a surround-sound experience, and the speakers are adjustable, so you can slide them to wherever is comfortable on your ears.My only qualm is that it tends to slide off at some point as I toss and turn, and I wish the velcro on the back was grippier. It effectively blocks out the light in our bedroom, which is saying a lot because we live in the heart of a city, and our bedroom has large windows with only a day shade.Runner-up: The more affordable Lightimetunnel Sleep Headphones from Amazon are ergonomic and made of soft, breathable material that's comfortable for wearing over your eyes.Pros:Sleep mask and headphones in oneAdjustable eyecups for sleepingMachine washable after removing electronicsGreat for daytime nappingCons:Bulkier designVelcro strap is not very stickyOn the expensive sideRead more about the Manta Sound Sleep Mask in our full review. $143 at Manta Sleep Dillon Lopez/CNET Battery life Up to 16 hoursANC, PNC or other Noise maskingHeadphone type In-earConnection type None The SoundOff Sleep Earbuds have unique functionality and design. There's no Bluetooth connection, so you can't play your audio; instead, these headphones use proprietary technology to emit a pink noise that specifically masks the frequencies of snoring and other noises that can disturb your sleep.How they sleep: These earbuds are comfortable (even for smaller ears) yet take some getting used to. Whenever I take them out after wearing them for a while, I've noticed that it leaves a lingering sensation of the earbuds still being in and around my ears for a while -- but again, I have particularly sensitive ears. With its bendy, moldable material and distinctive shape that hugs around the back of your ear like a hearing aid, they stay on securely -- much better than others we tested. They're also comfortable for all sleep positions, including side sleeping and combination sleepers who flop around at night.The memory foam tips mold nicely to your ears, creating a snug fit. Each headphone has a volume button on the bottom, so you have to adjust them individually. I personally don't love having to adjust them separately, but it could come in handy in certain scenarios -- such as wanting to wear only one earbud or having hearing loss or sensitivities in one ear and not the other.How they sound: These headphones emit a pink noise that sounds like ocean waves, which is a calming soundscape shown to improve sleep. Pink noise has high and low frequencies, helping to drown out distracting noises of various tones and pitches. These headphones don't completely block out super loud noises (with the TV on high volume, I could still faintly hear it through the headphones) but sufficiently mask out most sounds -- especially snoring. My partner spends a good chunk of the night snoring, and I can't hear him at all with these on.They come with a neat charging case that can charge your SoundOff Earbuds for up to seven days before the case needs to be charged again. For that reason, they're super portable and great for traveling with.Runner-up: The Bedphones Sleep Headphones are another highly rated option. They have super thin on-ear speakers with a wire that also wraps around your ears. You can choose between wired or wireless. Each comes with an in-line microphone, so you can also answer phone calls with them.Pros:Pink noise effectively masks snoringBattery lasts up to 16 hoursComfortable, moldable fitComes with a recharging caseCons:Cannot play your own audioExpensiveHave to adjust volume on each earbud separately $180 at SoundOff Aly Lopez/CNET Battery life Up to 24 hoursANC, PNC or other Noise maskingHeadphone type Over-ear headbandConnection type Bluetooth The SleepPhones Headband by AcousticSheep is soft and comfortable. With its various colors, sizes and material options, you can find the perfect one for your preferences. I tested a small size of the Wireless Bluetooth Sleep Headphones in the breeze fabric, and I like how snugly the headband fits around my head. It doesn't slide around too much as I switch positions at night.How they sleep: This thin headband is comfortable in any sleeping position, including your side. You can adjust the position of the speakers by sliding them to the correct spot over your ears inside the headband. The main Bluetooth module piece is on the back of the headband, so I can feel it slightly when lying on my back, but it's not uncomfortable or bothersome. I appreciate that the battery lasts up to 24 hours on a single charge and that the band is machine-washable once you remove all the electronic components.You can also wear this band while working out, but if you plan on doing that, I recommend the moisture-wicking breeze fabric option rather than the fleece. I also advise opting for the breeze fabric if you sleep hot, as the material is more breathable. On the flip side, the fleece option is ideal for those who want a warm and cozy headband. The brand also offers RunPhones Headphones specifically for working out and running.How they sound: If you're listening to a song with a lot of bass on full blast, the sound quality isn't great (and my partner could hear it lying next to me). If you're wearing these to bed, you're likely listening to gentle soundscapes, an audiobook or podcast or calming music;0 Comments 0 Shares 29 Views
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WWW.CNET.COMBest Bluetooth Speaker for 2025Our Experts Written by David Carnoy Our expert, award-winning staff selects the products we cover and rigorously researches and tests our top picks. If you buy through our links, we may get a commission. Reviews ethics statement How we test What to consider Budget Before anything else, you'll want to figure out how much you're willing to spend on a new Bluetooth speaker. Size Be sure to balance size with performance if you're looking for something that's easily portable. Durability Many Bluetooth speakers are now fully waterproof and some are fully dustproof. If you're planning on taking the speaker with you to the beach or on a hiking trip, consider a more durable speaker. Speakerphone capabilities Some speakers have a built-in microphone that turns them into a speakerphone when making calls on your cell phone. Table of Contents Back to selection0 Comments 0 Shares 27 Views
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WWW.CNET.COMI Made Things Weird Trying TSA's New Shoe Scanner Machine videoThe TSA is working on new scanners that'll let you keep your shoes on when traveling through security checkpoints at airports. CNET's Bridget Carey gets an early look at how the technology works and tries to mess up her test.0 Comments 0 Shares 28 Views
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WWW.SCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COMFirst Human Bird Flu Death in U.S. ReportedHow Worried Should We Be?January 7, 20253 min readWhat Does First U.S Bird Flu Death Tell Experts about Disease Severity?Louisiana has reported the first U.S. fatality from avian influenza. Most of the countrys human cases have been mildBy Tanya Lewis edited by Dean VisserThe first human death in the U.S. from the H5N1 avian influenza virus was reported this week. Dr. Klaus Boller/Science SourceThe Louisiana Department of Health recently reported the first U.S. death from H5N1 avian influenza: this individual was a patient who became severely ill and was hospitalized after having contact with both backyard poultry and wild birds. The department didnt identify the deceased but said the person was older than age 65 and had underlying health conditions.A total of 66 confirmed human cases of bird flu have been reported in the U.S. since the beginning of 2024. Most have been very mild and have occurred in people who work with dairy cattle or poultry. The scant handful of severe cases that have occurred throughout North America during that time have included one person in Missouri who was hospitalized and tested positive for the H5N1 virus and a 13-year-old in British Columbia who also had obesity and asthma and had been listed as in critical condition, according to a recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine. In previous international outbreaks in humans, the virus has had a reported mortality rate of more than 50 percent, though that is likely an overestimate because not all cases are caught.The death in Louisiana and hospitalizations in Missouri and British Columbia are concerning, but they have not changed the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Preventions assessment that the risk to the general public from H5N1 remains low.On supporting science journalismIf you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.We have to put H5N1 deaths in perspective. This has been a horrible disease for well over 27 years in humans, says Michael Osterholm, chair of public health and director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota. Yet the virus activity were seeing now, in terms of cases, has been largely a very mild illness, Osterholm adds. And while there have been two severe cases, both of these individuals also had underlying health conditions that would predispose them to severe disease.In comparison, he notes that there have been more than 2,700 deaths from seasonal flu in the U.S. so far this fall and winter alone. When it comes to bird flu, we seem to live in two separate universes: one where we have a state like California, which has just declared a state of emergency over bird flu, and then you have the CDC saying its low-riskand theyre both right, he says. Osterholm likens the current situation to walking safely along a long, flat field and then suddenly coming upon the edge of a cliff with a mile-high drop. Once one gets past that edge, thats what a pandemic is, he says. So its accurate to say the risk is low right now, he addsbut that could change in a heartbeat.So far there have not been any reports of human-to-human spread of H5N1 in the U.S. Thats not a reason to be complacent, however. The more people are exposed to or infected with H5N1, the higher the chances are that the virus will mutate and mix with seasonal flu viruses, possibly making it easier to spread between people.The individuals in the Louisiana and British Columbia cases were both infected with viruses related to the D1.1 bird flu genotype that is currently circulating in wild birds and poultrynot the B3.13 strain that is circulating in cattle. Its too soon to draw conclusions about whether the avian strain is more virulent, however, Osterholm says.Public health experts say one thing is clear: people who work with or have contact with wild birds, poultry or cattle should take precautions. More than two thirds of Californias dairy herds have been infected with H5N1 in the past year, and human cases may be going uncounted (especially if they are mild). Dairy workers are at risk from the milking process, during which milk with high levels of virus could splash into their eyes. Poultry workers have been infected while culling sick birds. Several domestic cats have been infected after drinking raw milk or consuming raw meat. Fortunately, pasteurization or cooking to the appropriate temperature kills the virus.Its too soon to tell whether H5N1 will develop into a pandemic. Ive been worried about a flu pandemic dating back to the last [flu pandemic], and that includes time during COVID, Osterholm says. Worldwide, vaccine makers have capacity to make enough bird flu vaccine to inoculate fewer than two billion people (about 25 percent of the worlds population) in the first year after an outbreak. Were extremely vulnerable right now, on a global basis, to a flu pandemic, Osterholm says. So, yeah, I worry about that every day, whether its H5N1 or H2N2 or some other virus that emerges out of the flu world.0 Comments 0 Shares 29 Views
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WWW.SCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COMMore People Are Dying in Cold Weather, Especially Older AdultsJanuary 7, 20252 min readMore People Are Dying in Cold Weather, Especially Older AdultsRising temperatures might be altering the atmosphere in ways that cause more extreme winter weather, scientists sayBy Chelsea Harvey & E&E News An unhoused person walks near the U.S. Capitol during a snowstorm on January 6, 2025 in Washington, D.C. Jon Cherry/Getty ImagesCLIMATEWIRE | Temperatures plunged across the East Coast on Tuesday after a winter storm dropped heavy snow from the Midwest to the mid-Atlantic, pointing to the dangers of winter extremes even as the planet rapidly warms.Winter temperatures are rising overall, but research indicates that punctuations of extreme cold and snow events may be happening more often in some parts of the U.S., potentially driven by atmospheric changes linked to global warming.At the same time, cold-related deaths in the U.S. are on the rise.On supporting science journalismIf you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.A study published last month in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that cold-related mortalities have been trending upward for the past two decades, and especially since 2017. The research examined death statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, concluding that older adults are especially vulnerable, as well as Native American, Alaska Native and Black communities.The study didnt delve into the reasons for the rise. But it suggested that a variety of factors could be at play, including increases in homelessness, substance abuse and social isolation, which may make some populations more vulnerable to winter weather.Some experts say its possible that warming temperatures, themselves, could be playing a role.People across the country are acclimating to higher temperatures, including warmer winters, said Victor Gensini, a meteorologist at Northern Illinois University, who was not involved with the new study. When extreme winter storms do come along, some people may be unprepared.When the cold does come, it comes with a little bit more tenacity, he said. It takes you a little bit more to get acclimated.The study, too, suggested that an increase in the frequency of winter weather extremes could be part of the story.Winters on the whole are growing warmer across the country. The most recent National Climate Assessment, a major report published every few years by the U.S. government, noted that winters are warming twice as fast as the rest of the year in some parts of the country. Yet some studies indicate that winter storms may be worsening in some regions, like the Northeast, as the climate warms.The Arctic is heating up faster than the rest of the planet, and rapid warming in the far North may be altering the flow of the jet stream, allowing cold air masses to blast more frequently into the midlatitudes.The exact physical mechanisms are still a matter of debate among scientists, Gensini said.But weve uncovered some physical linkages behind how possibly a warming climate could actually create more frequent cold extremes in the midlatitudes, he added. "There's definitely literature out there that suggests that's plausible."Reprinted from E&E News with permission from POLITICO, LLC. Copyright 2025. E&E News provides essential news for energy and environment professionals.0 Comments 0 Shares 27 Views
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WWW.SCIENTIFICAMERICAN.COMDangerously Cold Temperatures Are Way below Normal, but Normal Is Getting WarmerJanuary 7, 20254 min readFrigid Temperatures Are Way below Normal This Week, but Normal Is Getting WarmerBlasts of Arctic air have brought frigid temperatures that are much colder than normal to parts of the U.S., but that normal background is warmer than in the pastBy Richard B. (Ricky) Rood & The Conversation US Firefighters with Louisville Fire Department Quint 9 shovel snow in front of their station on January 5, 2025 in Louisville, Kentucky. Local forecasts called for heavy snowfall followed by significant accumulation of freezing rain and ice. Luke Sharrett/Getty ImagesThe following essay is reprinted with permission from The Conversation, an online publication covering the latest research.An Arctic blast hitting the central and eastern U.S. in early January 2025 is creating fiercely cold conditions in many places. Parts of North Dakota dipped to more than 20 degrees below zero, and people as far south as Texas woke up on Jan. 6 to temperatures in the teens. A snow and ice storm across the middle of the country added to the winter chill.Forecasters warned that temperatures could be 10 to more than 30 degrees below normal across much of the eastern two-thirds of the country during the first full week of the year.On supporting science journalismIf you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.But what does normal actually mean?While temperature forecasts are important to help people stay safe, the comparison to normal can be quite misleading. Thats because what qualifies as normal in forecasts has been changing rapidly over the years as the planet warms.Defining normalOne of the most used standards for defining a science-based normalis a 30-year average of temperature and precipitation. Every 10 years, the National Center for Environmental Information updates these normals, most recently in 2021. The current span considered normal is 1991-2020. Five years ago, it was 1981-2010.But temperatures have been rising over the past century, and the trend has accelerated since about 1980. This warming is fueled by the mining and burning of fossil fuels that increase carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases trap heat close to the planets surface, leading to increasing temperature.How U.S. temperatures considered normal have changed over the decades. Each 30-year period is compared to the 20th-century average.NOAA NCEIBecause global temperatures are warming, whats considered normal is warming, too.So, when a 2025 cold snap is reported as the difference between the actual temperature and normal, it will appear to be colder and more extreme than if it were compared to an earlier 30-year average.Thirty years is a significant portion of a human life. For people under age 40 or so, the use of the most recent averaging span might fit with what they have experienced.But it doesnt speak to how much the Earth has warmed.How cold snaps today compare to the pastTo see how todays cold snaps or todays warming compare to a time before global warming began to accelerate, NASA scientists use 1951-1980 as a baseline.The reason becomes evident when you compare maps.For example, January 1994 was brutally cold east of the Rocky Mountains. If we compare those 1994 temperatures to todays normal the 1991-2020 period the U.S. looks a lot like maps of early January 2025s temperatures: Large parts of the Midwest and eastern U.S. were more than 7 degrees Fahrenheit (4 degrees Celsius) below normal, and some areas were much colder.How temperatures in January 1994 compare to the 1991-2020 average, the current 30-year period used to define normal.NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesBut if we compare January 1994 to the 1951-1980 baseline instead, that cold spot in the eastern U.S. isnt quite as large or extreme.Where the temperatures in some parts of the country in January 1994 approached 14.2 F (7.9 C) colder than normal when compared to the 1991-2020 average, they only approached 12.4 F (6.9 C) colder than the 1951-1980 average.How temperatures in January 1994 compared to the 1951-1980 average.NASA Goddard Institute for Space StudiesAs a measure of a changing climate, updating the average 30-year baseline every decade makes warming appear smaller than it is, and it makes cold snaps seem more extreme.Conditions for heavy lake-effect snowThe U.S. will continue to see cold air outbreaks in winter, but as the Arctic and the rest of the planet warm, the most frigid temperatures of the past will become less common.That warming trend helps set up a remarkable situation in the Great Lakes that were seeing in January 2025: heavy lake-effect snow across a large area.As cold Arctic air encroached from the north in January, it encountered a Great Lakes basin where the water temperature was still above 40 F (4.4 C) in many places. Ice covered less than 2% of the lakes surface on Jan. 4.That cold dry air over warmer open water causes evaporation, providing moisture for lake-effect snow. Parts of New York and Ohio along the lakes saw well over a foot of snow in the span of a few days.The accumulation of heat in the Great Lakes, observed year after year, is leading to fundamental changes in winter weather and the winter economy in the states bordering the lakes.Its also a reminder of the persistent and growing presence of global warming, even in the midst of a cold air outbreak.This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.0 Comments 0 Shares 29 Views