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A visitor examines a watchcrafted byAbraham-Louis Breguetfor Marie Antoinette. Science Museum GroupThe sprawling grounds of Frances opulentPalace of Versailles are not only a masterpiece of landscaping, but a mark of 17th-century engineering innovation. The propertys ornamental fountains and ponds, for example, were only made possible by a specially builtmachine that pulled water from the Seine and pushed it up a steep hill to Versailles.The machine was designed at the request of the French kingLouis XIVthe monarch who commissioned Versailles, also known as theSun King. His and his successors courts are mainly remembered for ostentatious finery, but their immense wealth also enabled discovery, and Versailles turned into a hotbed for science: a theme explored by a new exhibition at the Science Museum in London: Versailles: Science and Splendor.The exhibition highlights how science flourished at Versailles, from the kings personal interest in luxurious scientific instruments and spectacular demonstrations, to its strategic role beyond the palace through newly founded institutions and scientific expeditions, saysGlyn Morgan, the museums curatorial lead for exhibitions, in astatement. Jean-Dominique Cassini'smap of the moon Observatoire de ParisThe show spans the 17th and 18th centuries, covering the reigns of Louis XIV (who founded the FrenchAcademy of Sciences in 1666), Louis XV andLouis XVI (who was executed in 1793 during theFrench Revolution). Through more than 120 artifacts, the exhibition illustrates the importance of art and science in the French royal court.Many of the objects show innovations in medicine, such as a curved scalpel designed by Louis XIVs royal surgeon, Charles-Franois Flix.Guardians Jonathan Jones writes, The rehearsals worked: He fixed the royal fistula and Louis XIV lived on until 1715, his 72-year reign a world record.Under the reign of Louis XV (who ruled between 1715 and 1774), a midwife calledMadame du Coudray became a powerful force against French infant mortality. The king hired her to travel throughout rural France to train other midwives in the mechanics of birth, employing sophisticated life-sized mannequins, per the statement. Du Coudray ultimately educated more than 5,000 women and physicians, and her last surviving model is on display in the exhibition. Part of a mannequinused by Madame du Coudray to train midwives Muse Flaubert d'Histoire de la Mdecine / Mtropole Rouen NormandieAfter Louis XV died of smallpox, his son and successor Louis XVI announced that the royal family would get inoculated. Included in the exhibition are posters made to reassure the public of the strategys success.Science at Versailles extended to the wonders of the natural world. French botanists grew and studied exotic plants. Versailles had amenagerie stocked with animals likecoatis andcassowaries. Visitors to the Science Museum will be able to see the menageries most famous resident: Louis XVs rhinoceros, given to the king by a French governor based in India and later dissected and taxidermied upon its death.As it was studied by scientists, it became incredibly important to our growing zoological knowledge, as Morgan tells theObservers Vanessa Thorpe. The photographs really did not do justice to just how impressive and characterful it is. The skin is almost jet black. Louis XVs rhinoceros was dissected and taxidermied after its death in 1793. Science Museum GroupAlso on display are philosopherEmilie du Chtelets handwritten, annotated French translation of Isaac NewtonsPrincipia Mathematica; thewatch made for Louis XVIs wife, Marie Antoinette, by Abraham-Louis Breguet; and an early map of the moon drawn byJean-Dominique Cassini in 1679. The French Revolution claimed the lives of some of the French royal courts thinkers, but their advances were permanent. Per the Guardian, Science strode on.Royal ambition, scientific knowledge and ideals of beauty culminated at Versailles in spectacular demonstrations and brilliant innovations from the brightest minds of the time, saysIan Blatchford, director and chief executive of the Science Museum Group, in the statement. We are thrilled to introduce our visitors to these fascinating stories through the stunning objects on display.Versailles: Science and Splendor is on view at the Science Museum in London through April 21, 2025. Get the latest stories in your inbox every weekday.Filed Under: Animals, Art, Earth Science, Exhibitions, Exhibits, Famous Scientists, France, Innovations, Kings, Medicine, Moon, Natural Sciences, Royal Family, Women in Science