Among all of the Apple Intelligence features announced at WWDC24 last summer, notification summaries are likely one of the more controversial ones. Users have noticed a number of inaccurate summaries, which has resulted in Apple tweaking the design of notification summaries, as well as disabling it for news stories. While these summaries will never be absolutely perfect, there is one way Apple could improve the quality and accuracy of them, and I’d like to see them take this idea into consideration for iOS 19. How Notification Summaries work Notification summaries aim to help you read through your notifications faster. It works by reading through every notification in a notification stack, and summarizing it, all on device. That sounds great in theory, but Apple’s implementation has one fatal flaw: Apple Intelligence can only summarize whats actually presented in a notification. That may sound like a “well, duh” statement, but hear me out. A lot of the time, notifications are already written to be brief, that way its easy for users to read within a small notification bubble. The model already has to be small enough to run locally on a chip as slow as an A17 Pro, so ideally, you won’t want to leave a lot of room for guessing. We can already see an example of this at work. In the Mail app, the summaries are based on the contents of the entire email, and are a lot more truthful than what can appear in Notification Center. Summaries currently lack context Group chats on iMessage have reply threads, so it’s easy for someone to concurrently discuss something else in a busy chat. That’s great, but Apple Intelligence has no way of understanding that context. This often results in differing details all merging into one inaccurate summary. The model is summarizing already-short notifications in the order they appear, and that isn’t a perfect approach a lot of the time. That leads me to my suggestion: allow developers to provide additional background context to Apple’s on device model. With my example of iMessage, Apple could give the model context of what a new text is in response to. What I’d like to see Apple do If apps could provide additional background context to Apple’s model, many summary inaccuracies could be alleviated. This background context would otherwise be invisible to users, but it’d help guide Apple’s models. Back in December, Apple Intelligence inaccurately summarized a BBC News story regarding Luigi Mangione. It was a large misrepresentation of the actual story, to say the least. Apple has since disabled notification summaries for news apps. However, in a world where developers could provide background context, it would be possible for the BBC, for example, to provide the lead paragraph of a story. This would give Apple Intelligence more info to work with, allowing for summaries to be more accurate. Ultimately, large language models will still do large language model things, especially when it comes to a model that needs to be small enough to run on a smartphone with 8GB of RAM. At the end of the day, Apple needs a solution to its notification summaries problem. It certainly cant leave news summaries disabled forever. Bloomberg recently reported that Apple will allow third party developers to work with Apple Intelligence models in iOS 19, which is possibly a sign of whats to come. My favorite Apple accessory recommendations: Follow Michael: X/Twitter, Bluesky, Instagram Add 9to5Mac to your Google News feed.  FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links. More.You’re reading 9to5Mac — experts who break news about Apple and its surrounding ecosystem, day after day. Be sure to check out our homepage for all the latest news, and follow 9to5Mac on Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn to stay in the loop. Don’t know where to start? Check out our exclusive stories, reviews, how-tos, and subscribe to our YouTube channel

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In depth video - Fast Global Illumination Add Mode By Jamesy on May 22, 2025 Videotutorials Global Illumination calculates simulated how light in a scene behaves. It simulates light bouncing around and spreading diffusely by calculating object proximity, angles and more. It gives quite convincing results, but can be slow. James Crowther shows how to optimise it in your scenes for better rendering times.Just yesterday we released another video on Blender's Fast Global Illumination feature, this time digging into the details and numbers of the "Add Mode". This is quite a technical video, and would be ideal for you if you are wanting to learn more about render optimisation, in particular, how the Add mode works.There's also a bonus where I demo how to recreate Add Mode using a compositor node network and Blender's Ambient Occlusion as an alternative to using Fast Global Illumination's Add mode.I quite liked the results of the node network as it gave more flexibility for being creative and greater control over how the ambient occlusion result is blended with the base image.

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Are we there yet?Following last week's update to Mario Kart 8 Deluxe on the Switch, Nintendo has now released another update, bumping the game up to Version 3.0.5.This update is one of those patches that solves a particular issue. In this case, it's tied to the '3DS Music Park' course in the game. Here's the full rundown, courtesy of Nintendo's official support page:Read the full article on nintendolife.com

From a struggling family tea estate to an innovative climate venture, Alt Carbon has raised $12 million in a seed round as it plans to scale its carbon dioxide removal work in the South Asian nation. The climate tech startup, which locks away carbon for thousands of years through enhanced rock weathering on farmlands, attracted investment led by Lachy Groom, the co-founder of the robotics AI company Physical Intelligence. The journey began in May 2020 with a bittersweet homecoming. Siblings Shrey and Sparsh Agarwal drove 16 hours from the eastern state of Kolkata to Darjeeling — a city known for tea farming in the leafy foothills of the Himalayas — expecting to bid farewell to their family’s tea estate, Salem Hill, which was facing bankruptcy. Instead, that farewell visit planted the seeds for Alt Carbon, which they officially launched in late 2023. Initially, they explored carbon markets as a way to revive their family business and support other tea estates in the region by generating supplementary income. But during their exploration, they discovered enhanced rock weathering as an approach that could transform Darjeeling’s legacy from being at risk of climate change impact to a frontier of climate action. “Within carbon markets, our realization was that a lot of the projects in India, which are more avoidance-based, are of very low quality, and they produce junk credits,” Sparsh said in an exclusive interview. Last year, Alt Carbon started its pilot around the Agarwals’ family tea estate on about 500 acres of land, which they later scaled up in North Bengal, expanding their scope from tea farms to those of rice and bamboo. The startup aims to expand to 500,000 hectares of land. By 2030, the startup aims to remove 5 million tons of carbon from the region, Sparsh told TechCrunch. Alt Carbon co-founders Shrey Agarwal (Left) and Sparsh Agarwal (Right).Image Credits:Alt Carbon Alt Carbon deploys enhanced rock weathering using waste basalt rock dust from mines and quarries in the volcanic igneous province of Rajmahal Traps, located in eastern India. The rock dust, a waste product from the construction industry, is spread on farm fields, where it reacts naturally with rainwater to remove carbon dioxide and add micronutrients to the soil to improve its fertility and health and enhance crop yields. When rainwater containing carbon dioxide interacts with basalt dust, it forms stable bicarbonate ions. These are stored in the soil and eventually flow through rivers to the ocean, where they settle as calcium carbonate, locking away carbon for over 10,000 years. Techcrunch event Join us at TechCrunch Sessions: AI Secure your spot for our leading AI industry event with speakers from OpenAI, Anthropic, and Cohere. For a limited time, tickets are just $292 for an entire day of expert talks, workshops, and potent networking. Exhibit at TechCrunch Sessions: AI Secure your spot at TC Sessions: AI and show 1,200+ decision-makers what you’ve built — without the big spend. Available through May 9 or while tables last. Berkeley, CA | June 5 REGISTER NOW For transporting the specialized dust from source locations to farm fields, the startup relies on rails and diesel trucks and pays for one-way fares as these sources are part of the tea industry’s freight transportation system. The startup also avoids emissions from dedicated rock processing by relying on the waste basalt from existing mining and crushing operations. Instead of using the basalt dust alone, the startup has developed a proprietary combination of basalt and other organic ingredients, which it calls Hari Maati (green soil in Hindi), to convince farmers to spread it on their farmlands. Alt Carbon estimates its carbon credits at $270 per metric ton, which Sparsh said is significantly cheaper than direct air capture credits that, he believes, cost roughly $800 a ton. However, he expects the startup to reduce costs within 36 to 48 months. The startup relies on three layers of measurements to understand how much rock is getting weathered and how much carbon is being removed, Shrey told TechCrunch. It begins with measurements to track weathering progress and then moves to measuring water within the soil, groundwater sampling, and river monitoring. The third layer uses proprietary reactive transport models that help track ions transported from the soil to water bodies. The startup also uses machine learning-driven modeling to get carbon-removal numbers. Alt Carbon says its models adhere closely to methodologies set by carbon removal registries, including Isometric and Puro.earth. They have also received approvals from intergovernmental organizations, including SBTi, ICVCM, and CORSIA. The startup has its labs in Darjeeling and Bengaluru and employs 8 to 10 PhDs, with an overall headcount of 25 employees. It aims to scale these labs and expand its work by doing more soil sample analysis and even setting up a hardware studio for better, high-quality data collection on the ground, using remote sensing. The startup also plans to deploy sensors on the ground to get more insights at a lower cost and in a faster time. All this will come through that seed round led by Groom. Last year, the startup secured a $500,000 pre-purchase by Frontier and a $1 billion advanced market commitment led by Stripe, Alphabet, Meta, Shopify, and McKinsey. It also recently signed a strategic partnership with a buyer coalition, NextGen, started by South Pole and Mitsubishi Corporation, to scale its enhanced rock weathering. The group also included BCG Group, Swiss RE, LGT, and UBS among its members. Last month, the startup signed an offtake agreement with Japan’s shipping company, MOL Group, to purchase 10,000 tons of carbon removal credits. Alt Carbon will deliver its first carbon credits in less than a month through Isometric, Sparsh said.

Trawl net bycatch from shrimp fishery, Sea of Cortez, Mexico. (Photo by: Mark Conlin/VW PICS/UIG via ... More Getty Image)Universal Images Group via Getty Images Beneath the placid surface of the global seafood market, a material financial risk is quietly escalating—one rooted deep within the industry's supply chain. It's not climate volatility or ESG scrutiny grabbing the headlines —but the fragile economics of what we’re feeding our farmed fish. A new report from the FAIRR Initiative—an $80 trillion-backed investor network focused on ESG risks in protein production—exposes a growing contradiction at the heart of the global salmon farming industry: a sector that markets itself as sustainable yet increasingly relies on a shrinking, finite resource—wild fish—for its survival. Released ahead of the 2025 UN Ocean Conference, the report follows a four-year engagement with seven of the world’s largest publicly listed salmon producers and delivers a stark warning: without urgent reform, the industry’s feed supply chain could buckle under its own expansion. These companies represent 58% of global farmed salmon production, with over 1.2 million tonnes produced in 2023. FAIRR’s analysis reveals systemic environmental, regulatory, and financial risks tied to dependence on wild-caught fish, exposing a deep disconnect between sustainability claims and operational reality. Supply Chain Risk from Finite Fish Resources The industry’s dependence on fishmeal and fish oil (FMFO), both derived from wild-caught fish, is a growing vulnerability. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, 90% of global fisheries are already overexploited or at capacity. Yet salmon producers continue to lean heavily on this strained input to support projected production increases of 40% by 2033. FMFO is also used across aquaculture species like sea bass and sea bream, as well as in pet food. In 2023, when Peru cancelled its anchovy fishing season, fish oil prices surged by 107%. Mowi, the world’s largest salmon producer, reported a 70% rise in feed costs between 2021 and 2023 due to that single event. Some companies temporarily switched to algae oil during the price spike, only to revert once fisheries opened—highlighting a reactive approach that favors short-term cost savings over long-term resilience. “We are relying on a finite input to fuel infinite growth projections,” said Laure Boissat, Oceans Programme Manager at FAIRR. “That’s not resilience—it’s a recipe for collapse.” We’re Literally Feeding Fish to Fish Between 2020 and 2024, five of the seven companies in FAIRR’s study increased their absolute use of FMFO made from whole wild fish—by as much as 39%. Despite sustainability claims, only three firms reduced the proportion of FMFO in their feed, and none by more than three percentage points. In response, many companies have turned to fish trimmings—by-products from fish processing—as an alternative. While six producers have increased their use, the supply is inherently limited. One company reported purchasing all available trimmings in its operating region, raising concerns that rising demand could incentivize additional fishing. This exposes a fundamental flaw in the industry’s growth narrative. Farmed salmon production is projected to grow by 40% by 2033, yet fishmeal and fish oil production is forecast to rise by only 9% and 12% respectively over roughly the same period. These numbers are irreconcilable. Without scalable alternatives, or a drastic shift in feed formulation, the industry’s expansion plans appear unsustainable. FAIRR’s report notes that none of the seven companies assessed have set absolute reduction targets for fish-based feed, even as five aim to scale up salmon output. This disconnect exposes investors to long-term risk: if feed supply can't match growth, either costs will skyrocket, margins will shrink, or the environmental impact will intensify. Feed Frenzy: The Domino Effect Across Industries This feed dependency has broader implications. Aquafeed producers face rising costs and raw material uncertainty. The pet food industry, reliant on salmon oil and trimmings, is also vulnerable to volatility. As wild fish availability declines, disruptions in one part of the supply chain can ripple across sectors, amplifying risk. The diversion of edible fish into feed also raises ethical concerns. Over 90% of fish used in FMFO could be eaten by people. Feedback’s Blue Empire report found that in 2020, Norwegian salmon farms used nearly 2 million tonnes of wild-caught fish for feed, including up to 144,000 tonnes harvested off West Africa, enough to feed 2.5 to 4 million people for a year. Novel Feeds: Big Hype, Small Bite Novel ingredients like insect meal, algae oil, and single-cell proteins were once seen as game-changers. Four years later, their use remains limited as challenges abound including high production costs, scalability issues, nutritional limitations, and consumer skepticism. Only three companies have set targets to increase their inclusion, which average just 4%. One aims for 10–15% by 2030—a modest target given the urgent need for action. “In essence, the sector is stalling,” said Boissat. “There’s no silver bullet ingredient on the horizon. What we’re seeing instead is short-term thinking packaged as long-term strategy.” Investors Sound the Alarm FAIRR’s report quantifies a growing financial risk. Feed price volatility, as demonstrated by the Peru example, threatens margins across the sector. That being the case, it’s arguable that the salmon industry’s dependence on wild-caught fish is not just environmentally unsustainable—it’s economically reckless. “As investors, we believe the aquaculture industry must shift towards sustainable feed solutions. Diversifying feed ingredients is not only an environmental imperative, but also a strategic necessity for long-term resilience,” Thekla Swart of FAIRR participant Steyler Ethik Bank said in a statement. Salmon producers often lead the protein sector in disclosure, but FAIRR warns that transparency alone is not enough. “Companies disclose intensity-based metrics, but those don’t show the absolute pressure on fish stocks,” Boissat explained. “This is the gap between reporting and reality—the system is unsustainable even as it appears progressive on paper.” A Fork in the Water: From Carnivores to Mussels? FAIRR’s recommendations are clear. Companies should set absolute reduction rather than efficiency targets for FMFO and invest in scalable alternative feed ingredients—but deeper transformation may be needed. That means shifting away from carnivorous species like salmon toward unfed aquaculture options—such as mussels and oysters—which require no external feed inputs. FAIRR also encourages exploration of plant-based seafood, mirroring moves by the meat industry into alternative proteins. “Fed aquaculture is simply inefficient,” Boissat emphasized. “We must rethink what seafood production looks like in the 21st century.” Ocean Governance on Trial: What the UN Must Confront In Nice FAIRR’s report arrives ahead of the June UN Ocean Conference in Nice, where global leaders will gather to address ocean sustainability. A key issue is the gap between marine protection policy and practice. Many marine protected areas (MPAs) still allow bottom trawling and industrial fishing, undermining conservation goals. “Even in protected waters, the absence of enforceable restrictions allows destructive practices to persist,” said Boissat. “Until regulation catches up with science, these so-called protections offer a false sense of security—for ecosystems and for markets.” Campaigners and investors hope the conference will lead to stronger governance—not just symbolic declarations. Without enforceable protections, risks to marine biodiversity and the industries that depend on it will only grow. Is The Supply Chain Eating Itself? Stakeholder must decide: continue with business as usual, risking biodiversity collapse, food insecurity, and supply chain disruption—or rethink how the aquaculture sector operates. “The industry has been talking about risk and resilience for years,” said Boissat. “But if your entire business model is based on a disappearing input, that’s not resilience. That’s denial.”

It's shocking! Scientists figure out how the brain forms emotional connections Neural recordings track how neurons link environments to emotional events. Jacek Krywko – May 21, 2025 4:07 pm | 16 Credit: fotografixx Credit: fotografixx Story text Size Small Standard Large Width * Standard Wide Links Standard Orange * Subscribers only   Learn more Whenever something bad happens to us, brain systems responsible for mediating emotions kick in to prevent it from happening again. When we get stung by a wasp, the association between pain and wasps is encoded in the region of the brain called the amygdala, which connects simple stimuli with basic emotions. But the brain does more than simple associations; it also encodes lots of other stimuli that are less directly connected with the harmful event—things like the place where we got stung or the wasps’ nest in a nearby tree. These are combined into complex emotional models of potentially threatening circumstances. Till now, we didn’t know exactly how these models are built. But we’re beginning to understand how it’s done. Emotional complexity “Decades of work has revealed how simple forms of emotional learning occurs—how sensory stimuli are paired with aversive events,” says Joshua Johansen, a team director at the Neural Circuitry of Learning and Memory at RIKEN Center for Brain Science in Tokyo. But Johansen says that these decades didn’t bring much progress in treating psychiatric conditions like anxiety and trauma-related disorders. “We thought if we could get a handle of more complex emotional processes and understand their mechanisms, we may be able to provide relief for patients with conditions like that,” Johansen claims. To make it happen, his team performed experiments designed to trigger complex emotional processes in rats while closely monitoring their brains. Johansen and Xiaowei Gu, his co-author and colleague at RIKEN, started by dividing the rats into two groups. The first “paired” group of rats was conditioned to associate an image with a sound. The second “unpaired” group watched the same image and listened to the same sound, but not at the same time. This prevented the rats from making an association. Then, one day later, the rats were shown the same image and treated with an electric shock until they learned to connect the image with pain. Finally, the team tested if the rats would freeze in fear in response to the sound. The “unpaired” group didn’t. The rats in the “paired” group did—it turned out human-like complex emotional models were present in rats as well. Once Johansen and Gu confirmed the capacity was there, they got busy figuring out how it worked exactly. Playing tag “Behaviorally, we measured freezing responses to the directly paired stimulus, which was the image, and inferred stimulus which was the sound,” Johansen says. “But we also performed something we called miniscope calcium imaging.” The trick relied on injecting rats with a virus that forced their cells to produce proteins that fluoresce in response to increased levels of calcium in the cells. Increased levels of calcium are the telltale sign of activity in neurons, meaning the team could see in real time which neurons in rats’ brains lit up during the experiments. It turned out that the region crucial for building these complex emotional models was not the amygdala, but the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), which had a rather specialized role. “The dmPFC does not form the sensory model of the world. It only cares about things when they have emotional relevance,” Johansen explains. He said there wasn’t much change in neuronal activity during the sensory learning phase, when the animals were watching the image and listening to the sound. The neurons became significantly more active when the rats received the electric shock. In the “unpaired” group, the active neurons that held the representations of the electric shock and the image started to overlap. In the “paired” group, this overlap also included the neuronal representation of the sound. “There was a kind of an associative bundle that formed,” Johansen says. After Johansen and Gu pinpointed the neurons that formed those associative bundles, they started looking at how each of these components works. Detraumatizing rodents In the first step, the team identified the dmPFC neurons that sent output to the amygdala. Then they selectively inhibited those neurons and exposed the rats from the “paired” group to the image and the sound again. The result of disconnecting the dmPFC neurons from the amygdala was that rats exhibited a fear response to the image but no longer feared the sound. “It seems like the amygdala can form the simple representations on its own but requires input from the dmPFC to express more complex, inferred emotions,” Johansen says. But there are still a lot of unanswered questions left. The next thing the team wants to take a closer look at is the process that enables the brain to tie an aversive stimulus, like the shock, to one that was not active during the aversive event. In the “paired” group of rats, some multi-sensory neurons responding to both auditory and visual stimuli apparently got recruited. “We haven’t worked that out yet,” Johansen says. "This is a very novel type of mechanism.” Another thing is that the emotional model Johansen and Gu induced in rats was relatively simple. In the real world, especially in humans, we can have many different aversive outcomes tied to the same triggers. A single location could be where you got stung by a wasp, attacked by a dog, robbed of your wallet, and dumped by your significant other—all different aversive representations with myriad inferred, indirect stimuli to go along with them. “Does the dmPFC combine all those representations into sort of a single, overlapping representation? Or is it a really rich environment that bundles different aversive experiences with the individual aspects of these experiences?” Johansen asked. “This is something we want to test more.” Nature, 2025.  DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09001-2 Jacek Krywko Associate Writer Jacek Krywko Associate Writer Jacek Krywko is a freelance science and technology writer who covers space exploration, artificial intelligence research, computer science, and all sorts of engineering wizardry. 16 Comments

A video of the 425th Separate Assault Regiment's motorcycle company shows how Ukrainian soldiers plan to fight atop the light vehicles. 425th Separate Assault Regiment/Screenshot 2025-05-22T06:22:04Z Save Saved Read in app This story is available exclusively to Business Insider subscribers. Become an Insider and start reading now. Have an account? It's Ukraine's turn to adopt an unusual battle tactic from Russia: motorcycle assaults. One unit has formed its first motorcycle attack company for storming Russian positions quickly. It said its troops have trained "hundreds of hours" to shoot assault rifles from off-road bikes. As the battle with drones continues, motorcycles have become a rising star in Ukraine's war.The Ukrainian military's 425th separate assault regiment, nicknamed "Skala," announced on Tuesday that it had officially formed the country's first motorcycle attack company."As a result, we now have a modern 'cavalry' whose main task is to rapidly break through to enemy positions, conduct assault operations, and quickly shift the direction of attack," it said on its Telegram channel. The motorbike assault company appears to run a paired configuration with one driver and one gunman. 425th Separate Assault Regiment/Screenshot The use of motorcycles to carry troops into battle is well-documented in Ukraine. Since early last year, Russian troops have been increasingly seen riding on light vehicles such as ATVs and motorbikes as both a means of transport and a way to attack Ukrainian positions rapidly.Their rise is largely viewed as a direct consequence of drone warfare, since armored vehicles are often vulnerable to exploding drones on Ukraine's flat terrain.While motorbikes leave the rider more exposed, they're faster, nimbler, and smaller, which makes them better able to evade attacks from small drones."Russia's increased use of motorcycles is an adaptation in response to pervasive Ukrainian drone strikes against Russian armored vehicles and the unsustainable armored vehicle losses that Russian forces suffered in late 2023 and 2024," the Institute for the Study of War wrote in early May.Ukraine's troops initially balked at the attack method, which the Russians used in suicide assaults to wear down Ukrainian defenses and munitions.But the 425th's announcement on Tuesday means that some Ukrainians are now adopting the same tactic.In its statement, the 425th said its motorbike-riding troops had trained for "hundreds of hours" to shoot while on the move. The statement did not indicate whether the unit has started fighting or when its motorcycle troops will hit the front lines.The 425th released a video of about two dozen soldiers riding tandem on off-road motorbikes, with each pair involving one driver and an infantryman wielding an assault rifle."The goal is to ride in, strike quickly at enemy positions, dismount, storm in, secure a foothold, and complete the mission successfully," a Ukrainian soldier says in the video.Deploying motorbikes in a direct assault is an unusual tactic for modern war, where such vehicles are typically used for reconnaissance or infiltration. US special forces, for example, have used commercial bikes to navigate difficult terrain or traverse deserts in the Middle East. Ukrainian troops in the company said motorbikes offer them a swifter way to attack Russian positions, improving their safety. 425th Separate Assault Regiment/Screenshot But in Ukraine, the number of motorbikes sighted on the front lines has grown dramatically. In April, Ukrainian troops said they repelled a Russian assault on Pokrovsk that involved over 100 motorcycles.Several Russian motorized attacks last month were also reported to be comprised wholly of motorcycles and civilian vehicles. The latter have been increasingly appearing in the warzone, with Moscow's troops often sighted traveling in sedans and tractors at the rear — a likely sign of strain on Russian logistics and resources.Analysts from the ISW said in late April that it's likely Russia will start further incorporating motorcycles into its tactics for future attacks.Lt. Col. Pavlo Shamshyn, spokesperson of Ukraine's ground forces in Kharkiv, told local media that week that Kyiv believed the same."Our intelligence records the fact that in training centers on the territory of the Russian Federation and in the units themselves, active training of motorcycle drivers is taking place, and all this indicates that the assault operations of spring-summer 2025 will be carried out on motorcycles," Shamshyn told Ukrainian outlet Suspilne.