Francis Lawrence has insisted Constantine 2 is closer than ever.The 53-year-old filmmaker has opened up on plans to reunite with Keanu Reeves for a sequel to the 2005 superhero horror movie after years of the project being stuck in limbo.He told Collider: I will say we are closer than ever to being able to do a sequel, which is a great thing ... And [producer Akiva Goldsman], Keanu and I are super, super excited about it.The original film saw Reeves star as the supernatural exorcist and demonologist John Constantine.There have been plans for a follow-up for years, but Lawrence has now confirmed he and his team have finally cracked the story.He explained: We have a great idea. We have gone through a bunch of the comics over the years and looked at things.I will say that there's probably grains from things that we're pulling, but in truth, most of it is just coming from the three of us, you know, loving the character, loving the world, having it sort of in the back of our minds for 20 years and just kind of percolating on ideas, and stories and characters we love, and ideas we love.Warner Bros.Warner Bros.loading...READ MORE: Every DC Movie Ranked From Worst to BestLate last year, the director revealed they were now actively working on a script.He told the same outlet in a separate interview: So its really not that its just like, Oh yeah, now we think the world is ready for it. I certainly think there is a bigger fan base and certainly its become a kind of cult classic, which has been really exciting to see and very strange, but its something weve always loved. Were now in a spot where we are actively working on a script.Lawrence added the idea of a sequel had been floated for years, and it was only in 2020 that the ball started really rolling on the project.He said: The truth is, somewhere around the 15th anniversary or something, we did a Zoom and we all were discussing trying to get it up and going again. And again, we were just more active with it and finally got it past all these hurdles.And Lawrence previously admitted progress on the flick had been delayed due to the Writers Guild of America (WGA) strike.Speaking to GameSpot, he said: So Constantine 2 got obviously held up by the writers strike."Keanu and Akiva Goldsman and I have been in meetings and I have been hashing out what we think the story is going to be, and theres more meetings of those that have to happen the script has to be written but [Im] really hoping that we get to do Constantine 2, and make a real R-rated version of it.Get our free mobile appThe Biggest DC Movie BombsThese movies may have featured some of the biggest superheroes in history, but they were also big flops.Filed Under: Constantine, Constantine 2, Francis Lawrence, Keanu ReevesCategories: Movie News

All jobs Engineering Manager / Tech Lead (IC) Posted A few minutes ago Canterr, and our subsidiaries, have helped build scores of high-powered teams for clients across the US and India. Our firm specializes in leveraging our extensive referral networks for finding the most high-quality, suitable and dependable candidates for you - replacing the highly transactional recruiting model with a relationship-driven approach. At Canterr, you wont find a sales or a marketing team. We have grown exclusively through referrals and word-of-mouth to 5,000+ consultants across the US and India. Our offshore centers in Hyderabad, Bangalore and Chennai each have 1,000+ software engineers.Our clients (and consultants) value our Contract-to-Hire model - clients can invest in and build relationships with our consultants as they do with their employees - and hire them when theyre ready. Our consultants appreciate our commitment to their long-term growth. Our average consultant tenure is 3+ years and clients have stayed with us for 2 years or longer.Whether youre a budding startup or a large multi-national, we will not only help you nurture what you create, but also help you make it thrive in the world. We bring extensive experience and professionalism to every project and customize our services to your individual needs. Apply now Job Title: Software Engineering ManagerFull Stack EngineeringLevel: L4Location: India - RemoteJob DescriptionBasic Qualifications:Requires a Masters degree in Engineering, Computer Science, Information Systems/Management, Information Technology, Mathematics, Operations Research, or a directly related field, and five (10) years software engineering experience.Will accept a Bachelors degree in Engineering, Computer Science, Information Systems/Management, Information Technology, Mathematics, Operations Research, or a directly related field and eight (12) years of described experience.What You'll Do: Play a key role in developing and driving a multi-year technology strategy for a complex platform Lead multiple software development teams - architecting solutions at scale to empower the business, and owning all aspects of the SDLC: design, build, deliver, and maintain Directly and indirectly manage several software engineers by providing coaching, guidance, and mentorship to grow the team as well as individuals Inspire, coach, mentor, and support your team members in their day to day work and their long term professional growth Attract, onboard, develop and retain diverse top talents, while fostering an inclusive and collaborative team and culture Lead your team and peers by example. As a senior member of the team your methodologies, technical and operational excellence practices, and system designs will help to continuously improve our domain Identify, propose, and drive initiatives to advance the technical skills, standards, practices, architecture, and documentation of our engineering teams Facilitate technical debate and decision making with an appreciation for trade-offs Continuously rethink and push the status quo, even when it challenges your/our established ideas.What You'll Need: Results-oriented, collaborative, pragmatic, and continuous improvement mindset Hands-on experience driving software transformations within high-growth environments, previous platform experience is required. 12+ years of experience in engineering, out of which at least 5-6 years spent in leading highly performant teams and their managers Experience making architectural and design-related decisions for large scale platforms, understanding the tradeoffs between time-to-market vs. flexibility Significant experience and vocation in managing and enabling peoples growth and performance Experience designing and building high-scale generalizable products with outstanding user experience. Practical experience in hiring and developing engineering teams and culture and leading interdisciplinary teams in a fast-paced agile environment Capability to communicate and collaborate across the wider organization, influencing decisions with and without direct authority and always with inclusive, adaptable, and persuasive communication Analytical and decision-making skills that integrate technical and business requirements Passion for leading cross functional projects through collaboration and influencing designdecisions. Deep understanding of modern programming languages such as Java, PHP, C#, or similar languages. Experience developing microservices in highly available and large scale distributed systems. Experience deploying solutions into production within GCP, AWS, Azure or similar cloudplatforms Experience in developing and deploying services/applications in Kubernetes (K8s) Excellent documentation skills to write technical specifications.Apply NowLet's start your dream job Apply now Canterr IT Services India pvt ltd View company Jobs posted: 1 Related Jobs See more Full-Stack Programming jobs

The BRE is excited to launcha new online awareness level training course: The Digitalisation of Building Safety and the Golden Thread In light of the Building Safety Act, the need for comprehensive and structured record-keeping has never been greater. Enter the concept of the Golden Thread a digital record system for construction projects that ensures the secure, managed, and retained storage of vital building safety information.BRE Academy is excited to launch a new online awareness level training course designed to helpyou to have a better understanding of the basics of the Golden Thread, to help you to implement information management effectively within your organisation.The online awareness course, The Digitalisation of Building Safety & the Golden Thread, offers an overview of the standards, regulations, and practices surrounding fire safety, building safety, and information management using building information modelling (BIM). This awareness will help professionals to better understand their responsibilities under the Building Safety Act.Course overviewThis online training course provides awareness of how to create, exchange and store building safety and fire performance information, central to the Golden Thread. It lists a broad spectrum of key fire safety and building safety regulations, as well as information management standards, with a focus on BIM (ISO 19650 Parts 1 and 2).Through a combination of lessons, you will get an introduction on how to align with international standards while meeting the regulatory demands under the Building Safety Act. The course outline includes a basic outline of fire safety standards such as the Fire Safety Order 2005, Fire Safety Act 2021, and Fire Safety Regulations 2022. The course will also introduce the Building Safety Act 2022, BS 8644-1 Digital Management of Fire Safety Information, and other key regulations that support the Golden Thread.What will you learn?By the end of the course, you will have a better understanding of:The Building Safety Act and its impact on the construction industry.Key standards and regulations that support the act, in a practical, real-world context.How to implement effective information management processes within your organisation.Delivering data as part of the Golden Thread to understand the needs for compliance and safety.Who should enrol?This course is ideal for professionals involved in building safety, including architects, contractors, building owners, facilities managers, manufacturers and Accountable Persons, and offers five hours towards CPD.Dont miss out on this invaluable opportunity to be more informed.Click here for course details and enrolment2025-02-13AJ Contributorcomment and share

Google said it will begin testing a machine learning-powered age estimation model to help determine if a user is under the age of 18.The company said in a blog post that the model, expected to launch later this year, intends to provide "more age-appropriate experiences" for young users. It will roll out first in the US and expand to more countries.The announcement comes as tech companies face mounting pressure from lawmakers to make platforms safer for young users. Last year, Meta introduced a similar AI model that helps determine if a user is under the age of 18.Google told CNET the estimation model will use machine learning to make sense of various data points already associated with a user's account, such as what they're searching for, the categories of videos they've watched and how long they've had an account. These signals can help the model better determine if someone may be lying about their age.If the model incorrectly flags an account for being under the age of 18, the user can provide age verification in the form of a government-issued ID, credit card or selfie. Google said it is also looking into other ways people will be able to verify their age.This method has already been used by other companies, such as Meta, and in a variety of markets, including Europe.YouTube CEO Neal Mohan mentioned the machine learning tool in the company's published priorities for 2025, noting the company plans to continue to "responsibly harness the power of AI to enhance the YouTube experience for everyone."The company is also adding a handful of safeguards to underage accounts, such as filtering or blurring explicit results in search and restricting sensitive ad and other content on YouTube that may not be appropriate.Meanwhile, a new feature called School Time for Android phones and tablets will allow parents to limit or restrict app access during school hours. Other upcoming changes include making it easier for parents to manage their kids' online experiences across Android and Chrome devices via Google Family Link, and the ability to "tap to pay" for Android phones with parental consent.

Stalled carriage negotiations between Google's YouTube TV and Paramount may lead to YouTube TV customers losing up to 23 channels from the live TV streaming service. The existing deal between both companies is set to expire, and according to a post from YouTube TV, Paramount programming will go dark after today, Feb. 13, if a new agreement isn't reached. Access to channels such as CBS, Nickelodeon, Comedy Central, MTV and CBS Sports is at stake.Both companies have informed customers of the dispute, with Paramount saying that depending on where you live, you may lose "different channels" and to plug in your ZIP code to check. YouTube TV is offering an $8 billing credit to subscribers in the event that the dispute isn't resolved, but it said that "subscribers will not be able to access previous Library recordings from these channels or add-on services including Paramount Plus with Showtime and BET Plus."The media companies said they're still actively working on a deal. But if you want to watch Paramount content, you can sign up for a Paramount Plus account. The streaming service starts at $8 a month and carries Tracker, Matlock, The Daily Show, Paw Patrol, NCAA basketball and more. Paramount is urging subscribers to contact YouTube TV about keeping its channels.This past January, YouTube TV's latest price hike went into effect, bumping up the monthly cost of its base plan to $83. Its price is now the same as Hulu's live TV streaming platform, and $2 less than Fubo. Customers seeking an alternative to watch Paramount-branded programming can check out our live TV streaming channel comparison guide or our breakdown of the best on-demand streaming services, including Paramount Plus.

February 12, 202520 min readThis Researcher Discovered the Cause of Down Syndrome, But For 50 Years Got None of the CreditMarthe Gautier speaks out about how she found the genetic cause of Down syndrome Selina PavelIn 1960 Marthe Gautier left the lab where she had discovered the genetic cause of Down syndrome and went on to have a successful career as a pediatric cardiologist. For decades, she remained silent as her former colleague Jrme Lejeune continued to take credit for this pioneering discovery, and history wrote her out of the storyuntil 2009. On the 50th anniversary of the paper that announced the finding, she decided to set the record straight.The process of changing history did not always go smoothly. In 2014, at the age of 88, she was set to give a talk and receive a medal at a conference, but the event was canceled hours in advance, and she was given the medal privately the next day., Finally, toward the end of her life, Gautier got the recognition she deserved. Before she died in 2022, she was decorated by the French government for her contributions to science.LISTEN TO THE PODCASTOn supporting science journalismIf you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by subscribing. By purchasing a subscription you are helping to ensure the future of impactful stories about the discoveries and ideas shaping our world today.TRANSCRIPTLorena Galliot: I'm Lorena Galliot and this is Lost Woman of Science.This week, we bring you Part 2 of our special series on the late French doctor and scientist Marthe Gautier. In the 1950s, Marthe played a key role in the discovery of the chromosomal origin of Down syndrome. But for 50 years, a male colleague took all the credit.What happened to Marthe after she was sidelined on a paper with the results of an experiment that she led? And what impact did her groundbreaking research have in the field? All this in today's episode.Elizabeth Head: It's something that till this day I still cite that paper when I write my papers.Lorena Galliot: That's Dr. Liz Head. She's a professor and vice chair for research at the University of California, Irvine. Her research is focused on trying to find ways to treat Alzheimer's disease in people with Down syndrome. Here, she's talking about that 1959 paper. The paper offered by Jrme Lejeune, Marthe Gautier, and Raymond Turpin, in that order. The paper confirmed two things. Down syndrome is a genetic disease, and two, it's caused by an additional third chromosome in the 21st pair. That's why it came to be known as Trisomy 21.Elizabeth Head: In my first sentence of every introduction of every science paper I write, is Down syndrome is, and it is caused by and I always cite that one paper. But that paper is rock solid. It's, it's held for a very long time.Lorena Galliot: The paper provided criteria for formal diagnosis. That means if you have an extra 21st chromosome, you have Down syndrome. And there are several reasons why this is important.Elizabeth Head: The good part of having a diagnosis for a condition is that it becomes recognized by the medical community and the appropriate care can be given to a person with a diagnosis.Lorena Galliot: Parents of children with Down syndrome could intervene early. They could access resources, and communities, and doctors to provide the best quality of life for their child.And starting in the mid-1970s, prenatal genetic testing also gave parents a choice. The option of aborting a fetus diagnosed with Down syndrome. Abortion became legal in France in 1975. That wasn't something that the original research into the cause of Down syndrome could have foreseen.What the research most certainly did do was open the door for other forms of genetic research, like the kind of work that Liz Head does.Elizabeth Head: For those of us who are, you know, trying to understand and figure out ways to promote healthy aging and people with Down syndrome. That was a huge discovery that, that really broke the field open for us.Lorena Galliot: David Wright, the genetic historian we heard from in Episode 1, goes one step further.Davis Wright: The discovery of the, as it were, the chromosomal causes of the most common form of developmental disability, being identifiable as a trisomy, right, was, was itself something that most people expect to leave to a Nobel Prize. Right? It was that, that groundbreaking.Lorena Galliot: Today's episode. Who discovered the cause of Down syndrome? This is Part Two.Aude Bernheim: Jrme Lejeune not only took the discovery but also really used it to launch his career.Lorena Galliot: Thats Dr. Aude Bernheim. She's a microbiologist who runs a lab at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. She knew Marthe personally.Aude Bernheim: What happened then is that the whole communication about who had discovered the chromosomal basis of Down syndrome was really made so that everything looked like Jrme Lejeun had done this discovery by himself, and, and that's not reflective of the truth.Lorena Galliot: As we learned in Part One, it was Marthe Gautier who conducted the cell culture experiment that led to the discovery. Her colleague, Jrme Lejeune, offered to take photographs of the slides, then never showed them to her.Until months later, all of a sudden, Marthe learned that Jrme Lejeune and her boss Raymond Turpin were rushing to put out a paper with her findings.By putting his name first on that groundbreaking paper, Jrme Lejeune understood what would happen. He knew, and most likely his supervisor Raymond Turpin knew, that the people would assume that Jrme had led the team that made the discovery. And Jrme never corrected that assumption, instead, he leaned into it. He went on a media blitz, he attended scientific conferences, he gave lectures, he gave interviews to journalists. He was making sure that the discovery was widely known. And at the same time, he was also raising his own profile, and basically positioning himself as the one who discovered Trisomy 21.We heard from Jrme Lejeune's daughter, Clara, in part one. To Clara, her father's positioning was entirely appropriate.Clara Lejeune Gaymard: The thing is that the one who had the intuition, who wanted to go on this path, try to really prove that it was a genetic cause, prove that that was something in the chromosome was Jrme Lejeune. Of course, he was in the team of Turpin and Turpin let him do. And of course, Marthe Gautier came with an experience of the culture of tissue.So it's why he wanted to publish it with their two names, because he was respectful of all the support he get from them too. But the one who was really the inventor of the idea of trying to find in this direction was Jrme Lejeune.Lorena Galliot: In any event, what most people think, to this day, is that Jrme Lejeune was the discoverer of Trisomy 21. Marthe Gautier, for her part, remained silent, and Jrme's story became the accepted wisdom. But keep in mind that in the context of 1950s France, it wouldn't have been easy for a woman doctor, a young woman doctor, to speak out. This is David Wright again.David Wright: In the European system, if you were to more or less attack that, you know, the senior professor of your unit, you might destroy your, your entire career. Not just your research career, but your clinical. You could be easily blacklisted.Lorena Galliot: So Jrme Lejeune went on to dedicate the rest of his academic career and his public life to Down syndrome. The prestige of that 1959 discovery allowed him to obtain a tenured professorship position, sort of skipping over the usual university process.He became a source of French national pride, proof that France, even devastated by two world wars, could still compete in the scientific world. In 1962, he received the prestigious Kennedy Prize, and he failed to acknowledge Marthe in his acceptance speech.To complicate matters, Jrme also became a highly vocal pro-life advocate. He was always a devout Catholic. And when abortion was legalized in France in 1975, and some mothers began testing for Down Syndrome in utero and then aborting the fetus, he became enraged. He made it his mission to fight this. Here's David again.David Wright: And he becomes not only the figurehead of, as it were, Down syndrome, but he becomes a figurehead of the pro-life movement in, in France. And a very good friend of John Paul II when he becomes Pope. And so he becomes a very much, a very polarizing figure.Lorena Galliot: Jrme remained a polarizing figure until his death from lung cancer in 1994. Two years later, the Jrme Lejeune Foundation was established to continue his work and his legacy.And what about Marthe? What became of her? Here's her great-niece, Tatiana Giraud.Tatiana Giraud: As a woman at the time and, uh, at the daughter of a farmer and no connection in Paris, so she just could not do anything, so she preferred forgetting about that.Lorena Galliot: And here's Aude Bernheim again.Aude Bernheim: She understood that she would just be put aside and would, would not get anything from that. And so she decided to focus on another field of work where she could make also, groundbreaking progress which was, the beginning of doing, uh, cardio pediatrics. And this was really another passion for us.Lorena Galliot: Pediatric cardiology took Marthe back to the roots of her medical training. Marthe left Turpin's team in 1960 and joined a different hospital. She also opened her own private practice in her apartment, and her grandniece, Tatiana, makes clear that she loved the work.Tatiana Giraud: She had always wanted to be a pediatrician and healing people. She had always wanted to, to care for people.Lorena Galliot: And Marthe had a big life outside of work, too. She was an artist. She painted vibrant and intricate designs on porcelain.Tatiana Giraud: Yeah, so she really, uh, loved art, theater, She received a lot of artists, in her flat, and actually she was a, um, a very good friend of Samuel Beckett and, uh, his wife.Lorena Galliot: Really?Tatiana Giraud: Yeah.Lorena Galliot: On top of her art and her friendship with people like the playwright Samuel Beckett. Marthe certainly didn't give up research. In addition to her work at the hospital, she ended up working at INSERM, which is a French national research institution. She published many papers on, among other topics, congenital heart disease, infant rheumatic fever, and pediatric liver diseases. And she pushed to get more responsibility and more recognition.When we were reporting this story, I went to the INSERM archives to learn more about Marthes research career. Marthes files showed that her supervisors were often glowing in their praise of her work. In fact, in one of her evaluations, a supervisor wrote, The scientific community owes a debt to Marthe Gautier.But despite this praise, it turns out that throughout her time at INSERM, starting in 1973, Marthe applied to become a Research Director One, basically the highest research level you can attain in a French National Research Institute. She applied every year until her retirement for 17 years, but she was passed over every single time.In the later years of Marthes career. Evaluators noted that she was up against younger researchers who had access to more modern technologies. She never stopped throwing her hat in the ring. Remarkably enough, she didn't quit.Aude Bernheim: One thing that was very strong was her love for science and, and her passion.Lorena Galliot: Here's Aude Bernheim again.Aude Bernheim: And I think the fact that despite everything that happened, she loved her career. She loved her accomplishment.Lorena Galliot: More after the break.[Mid-roll]Lorena Galliot: So for 50 years, this is how things were. Marthe led a respected but lower-profile career. While Jrme Lejeune was publicly hailed as the discoverer of Trisomy 21. But within French medical circles, another version of the story was quietly circulating for decades.Marc Brodin: En fait, le milieu clinique ..Marc Brodin (voice-over in English): Actually, the French medical community respected Martha's role in the discovery from very early on.Lorena Galliot: That's Marc Brodin. He's a pediatrician, a public health expert, and importantly to this story, a former member of the ethics committee of INSERM, the research institute where Marthe spent so much of her career. Marc met Marthe Gautier in 1974. At the time, he was a young resident at the Kremlin Bictre Hospital. And she was a respected cardiologist working closely with Marcs boss, Professor Daniel Alagille. Marc remembers clinical staff meetings where Marthe was invited to speak as an expert.Marc Brodin: Le Professeur Daniel Alagille chaque fois que Marc Brodin (Voice-over in English) In the medical meetings. Professor Daniel Alagille always introduced Marthe as the discoverer of Trisomy 21. For him, there was no ambiguity as to who had discovered what. He knew how it actually happened.Lorena Galliot: But even if her peers recognized her contribution, for many years, Marthe chose not to speak publicly about the subject, even after Jrme Lejeune's death in 1994.Fast forward 15 years to 2009. It's the 50th anniversary of the discovery. That year, some of Marthes colleagues urged her to write an article telling her side of the story.And this time, she agreed. After 50 years, Marthe was finally speaking out. In March 2009, the French journal Mdecine Science published Marthe's article.It's called 50th Anniversary of Trisomy 21, a look back at a discovery. Mdecine Science was a specialist publication that didn't have a super wide audience. But, Marthe didn't pull any punches. She did not describe working closely with Jrme Lejeune on her experiment. She did remember him dropping into her lab and taking a vivid interest in her work. And she described feeling pushed aside and kept in the dark after Jrme Lejeune took the slides she had so painstakingly created.Speaker: I had a sense of what was going on behind the scenes, but I didn't have the experience nor the authority to confront it. I was too young to know how the game was played. I have no pleasant memories from that time, during which I felt cheated in every way.David Wright: What Gautier objected to was Lejeune, convincing to, who knows who made the decision to put Lejeune first and Gautier second?Lorena Galliot: That was David Wright again. He's talking about that famous 1959 paper. The one remarked was listed as second author, and her name was misspelled.David Wright: That's what she objected to. Not that Lejeune shouldn't be on necessarily, he did the photography art, you know, but, but that, you know, that she should have been first author.Lorena Galliot: The timing of Marthes expos in 2009 is worth untangling. Two years earlier, Jrme Lejeune's supporters had petitioned then Pope John Paul II to declare the scientist venerable in the Catholic Church. They cited his pro-life stance, his dedication to disabled patients, and the exemplary life he led. To be named venerable or beatified in the Catholic Church puts someone on the path to sainthood. If Jrme Lejeune was beatified, people could pray to him. And if their prayers were answered and it was established that Jerome had caused a miracle, he could be declared a saint.This did not go down well with a number of people. Remember the Scottish scientists that Lejeune and Turpin had rushed to beat when they first published the discovery in 1959? They wrote to the Vatican to voice their concerns.Speaker (reading): We write to you to draw your attention to some of Jrme Lejeune's actions, which we believe should be taken into account when consideration is being given to his beatification. When Professor Lejeune first spoke of his findings at a conference in Montreal, he did not mention the part that Madame Gautier had played and claimed all the credit for himself.Furthermore, when he was presented with the Kennedy Prize in 1962, he again failed to acknowledge the crucial role that Madame Gautier had played in this important discovery, thus again claiming all the credit for himself. We believe that to make such an error on at least two separate occasions suggests that the omissions were deliberate, and had the sole purpose of enhancing his own reputation.Lorena Galliot: Jrme Lejeune's supporters, however, never gave up. And in 2021, Jerome was declared venerable in the Catholic Church by the new Pope, Pope Francis.Once Marthe decided to speak out in 2009, she continued to be vocal. Her long-time reserve disappeared. And she began telling more and more people about how she felt robbed of her discovery.David Wright: Gautier would come out and say, Hey, let's wait a second here, right? Um, he was not, and I mean, I don't mean to be too flippant. He was not the saint that some people are painting him out to be. Uh, and his life was more complicated.Lorena Galliot: This brings us to 2014, back to the incident you heard about at the beginning of Ppart Oone when Marthe lost all of her hair. In January, 2014. The French Society of Genetics decided to honor Marthe for her lifetime contributions to scientific research.They were going to present her with a medal at a big conference in Bordeaux. Marthe, then 88 years old, was set to give a speech about what happened, about how she was overlooked. But it was not to be.At 7 a.m. on the morning of the conference, there was a knock on the door of Marthes hotel room. Two bailiffs were waiting to speak with her in the lobby. Marthe hurried down, and these two stern-looking men tell her and the conference organizers that they were court-mandated to record Marthe's speech.Aude Bernheim: There were some, foundation called Fondation Le Jeune that decided to send people, to officially record what would be said, during this conference, and that could be used, against Marthe Gautier.Lorena Galliot: Aude Bernheim again. Her father, Alain Bernheim, was the president ofpresident. of the French Society of Genetics at the time this all went down.Aude Bernheim: It was really to intimidate everyone, and to intimidate her, and they really had, have tried hard to actually push and and fight back so that her recognition and contribution would not be known.Lorena Galliot: The organizers decided to cancel Marthes talk on the morning it was supposed to happen. They were worried about the legal recourse.Aude Bernheim: There was really a sense of like, this has never happened. What's going on? We don't understand. And so, so that was really problematic.Lorena Galliot: Instead of a grand award ceremony, Alain Bernheim presented the medal to Marthe in her apartment the following day. But Marthe was deeply, deeply upset.Aude Bernheim: Why, why would they do that now? Why would they do that to me again, you know? Getting indeed silenced again, was really hard to take.Lorena Galliot: And this, according to her great niece, Tatiana, is what caused Marthes hair to literally fall out. And she wore a wig for the rest of her life. But as devastating as this incident was to Marthe, the Lejeune Foundation's effort to silence her didn't succeed. In fact, it completely backfired.Aude Bernheim: I really do feel that this specific event was the basis of really the story exploding and, and getting known. And, uh, it was so shocking, many media Reported on the fact that bailiffs were sent at a scientific conference to prevent someone from telling her story. Why, why would you want to prevent an 88-year-old woman from getting a prize and, and speak about how she discovered or helped discover this, this amazing thing? In what world is that okay?Lorena Galliot: Not long after this happened. The French Institute INSERM asked its ethics committee to investigate the authorship dispute between Marthe Gautier and Jrme Lejeune.The person tasked with leading the investigation was Marc Brodin, who we heard from earlier in the episode.Marc Brodin: Donc moi j'ai pu, pour refaire l'histoire Marc Brodin (Voice over in English): In order to reconstruct the story in 2014, I was able to meet with Dr. Aicardi, who was then still alive.Lorena Galliot: Here, Marc is talking about one of the people he interviewed during the investigation. A retired doctor named Jean Aicardi. Dr. Aicardi turned out to be a key witness. He was one of the other two French fellows who traveled to Harvard on a scholarship in the same year as Marthe Gautier. And when they returned, he also happened to get a position on Raymond Turpin's team in Paris, along with Marthe.So he saw her work. Dr. Aicardi was able to confirm two key things. One, Marthe Gautier learned advanced cell culture techniques during her time at Harvard.And two, at her return in France, she was the only person on Turpin's team with any knowledge of the technique and the only person able to conduct the first chromosomal experiments.Marc Brodin: La conclusion pour le comit d'thique. .Marc Brodin (Voice over in English: So, the Ethics Committee's conclusion was that Marthe Gautier was a decisive person in the discovery of the extra chromosome. Simply, because others on the team did not yet have the skill to do it. There was no ambiguity in that regard.Lorena Galliot: The report was clear. Given the context of the time, Marthe's contribution to the discovery. discovery Of the extra 21st chromosome was more significant than that of Jrme Lejeune.Marc Brodin: Si Monsieur Lejeune a pu Marc Brodin (Voiceover in English) Jrme Lejeune helped divulge divulge this important discovery. But it's important to keep in mind that if Marthe Gautier hadn't discovered that chromosome in the first place, Monsieur Lejeune, at the time, would have had nothing at all to talk about.Marc Brodin: En fait, le comit Marc Brodin (Voice over in English): In fact, what the Inserm committee tried to do was to calm the debate. By restating clearly that discoveries are hardly ever a solitary achievement. They're the work of a team.Lorena Galliot: Thats absolutely true. Most scientific discoveries are a team effort. Here's geneticist Liz Head on that point.Elizabeth Head: You have to have somebody who's asking the question, you have to have a group that knows how to answer it, and then you still need one more piece, which is somebody looks at the data and says, oh, that is meaningful. That is important.Lorena Galliot: Liz raises one of the trickiest questions in this story, perhaps one that can never be answered. And that is, who on Turpin's team in 1958 first looked at the cell cultures that Marthe Gautier produced and thought, Oh, this is meaningful. Jrme Lejeune's daughter, Clara Gaymard, is absolutely certain it was her father.Clara Guymard: The thing which is, it's very important is that this believing that there were something genetic and something about chromosome was really the what Jrme Lejeune was believing in. Trupin was a bit sceptical. Marthe Gautier was helpful, but she was a cardiologist. And we don't understand why it comes 50 years after. With the idea that she was the one who made the discovery because she was not in genetics and she was not interested in it afterwards.Lorena Galliot: There are certainly examples throughout history of important discoveries where one person did the work and another person saw the significance. It happens. In 1938, for example, physicist Lise Meitner realized that her collaborator Otto Hahn had split the atom, while he at first did not.But Marthe would argue that she fully knew the significance of what she was working on. Otherwise, why would she have gone to such lengths, even taking out a personal loan to fund her research? And it's worth noting that the descendants of Raymond Turpin, Marthe and Jrme's boss, also publicly took issue with the claim that Lejeune had the initial intuition.In 1996, their lawyer sent a letter to the Lejeune Foundation demanding that they stop describing Lejeune as the sole discoverer of Trisomy 21.So we're left with two versions of the story. The one in Clara's mind, where her father had an intuition, a vision, and Marthe Gautier simply brought the technical knowledge to execute it.And the other version, the one that Marthe repeated again and again later in her life.How, when she was a young scientist at the start of her career, she gave her money, her own blood, and countless hours of painstaking research to advance agroundbreaking discovery, only to be sidelined by an ambitious male colleague.David Wright: As a historian, it really is an interesting challenge. It's, it's conflicting accounts, whereby each of the protagonists has a, has a different take on, you know, some of the specifics are not easy to reconcile. That's my most polite way of putting it.I want to be fair and balanced, and fair to, you know, fair to Lejeune, right? I'm not here to like attack the legacy of Lejeune. I don't, never knew him personally, you know, and clearly he had some contribution, but to do my best as a historian, to be fair and balanced. But, you know it's hard as a historian not to look back and say, given the hierarchy, the culture of scientific research, the patriarchal nature of, of medicine at that time, this seems pretty likely the things she's describing.Lorena Galliot: Maybe it was the patriarchal nature of medicine and scientific inquiry in France that made Marthe keep quiet for so many years. That seems believable on the one hand, and very unfair on the other. But the fact remains that she did speak up, even if it was decades later. And when she did, the scientific community was ready to listen.In November 2018, Marthe Gautier woke up to a piece of unexpected news.Marthe Gautier: La nice me rveille Marthe Gautier (Voice over in English): My niece woke me up one morning and said, you've got an email, a new email, you're now a commander. I said, what? What are you talking about? What's this commander business?Lorena Galliot: That's Marthe, describing the moment she got the news that she was being appointed to the rank of Commander of the National Order of Merit, France's highest civilian distinction. The efforts of her friends and colleagues to fully recognize her contribution to science finally paid off. She was 92 by then, and much less active.She received the award in a small ceremony in her Paris apartment. Aude Bernheim was there.Aude Bernheim: With this award, it was recognizing that as the French society in general had somehow understood they owed something to Marthe, and that they recognized that she had made an amazing contribution to science.Lorena Galliot: Marthe died four years later at the age of 96.Aude Bernheim: What I I actually choose to remember is that behind all of these great discoveries, usually there are women scientists that somehow just want to do great science, and, and that are passionate, and that if we would not prevent them from doing that, scientific progress would just be even greater.Lorena Galliot: Today in the U.S., the majority of clinical geneticists are women. But as in most medical fields, they remain a minority in senior leadership positions. Aude Bernheim hopes that recognizing pioneers like Marthe will inspire more women to pursue the highest levels of research. As for Marthe, the recognition may have simply brought her a sense of closure in the final years of her life. Heres Marthes great niece Tatiana Giraud again.Tatiana Giraud: I think she was really happy that finally her discovery was recognized. Yeah. I'm very proud.Marthe Gautier: Maintenant je suis reposeMarthe Gautier (Voice-over in English): Now, I finally got my due. My work is in the light.Marthe Gautier: C'est dans la lumire.Lorena Galliot: This has been Lost Women of Science. This episode was produced by Senior Producer Sophie McNulty and me, Lorena Galliot. Hansdale Hsu was our sound engineer. Lexi Atiya was our fact-checker. Our thanks go to Co-Executive Producers Amy Scharf and Katie Hafner, Senior Managing Editor Deborah Unger, and program Manager, Eowyn Burtner.Thanks also to Jeff DelVisio at our publishing partner, Scientific American. Audio of Marthes interviews is from INA, the French Audio Visual Institute, and from Wax Seance, a nonprofit promoting women in science.We're grateful to Hlne Chambefort and the archivists at INSERM. To the Jrme Lejeune Foundation. As well as to Laurent Apfel and Cline Curiol for their help with this episode.Lost Woman of Science is funded in part by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the Anne Wojcicki Foundation. This podcast is distributed by PRX. You can learn more about our initiative at lostwomenofscience.org. And don't forget to click on that all-important omnipresent, donate button. Follow us on Facebook and Instagram @LostWomenofSci. That's @Lost WomenofSci. Thank you so much for listening. I'm Lorena Galliot.Senior Producer and HostLorena GalliotSenior Producer and Sound DesignerSophie McNultyGuestsElizabeth HeadElizabeth Head is vice chair for research at the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of California, Irvine.David WrightDavid Wright is Professor and Canada Research Chair in History and Classical Studies at McGill University.Aude BernheimAude Bernheim is the director of the Molecular Diversity of Microbes laboratory at the Pasteur Institute, Paris, and a member of France's Presidential Council of Science.Clara Lejeune GaymardClara Lejeune Gaymard is the daughter of Jrme Lejeune. She is the former President/CEO of General Electric France and co-founder of the innovation investment group RAISE, as well as the author of books including Life Is a Blessing: A Biography of Jerome LejeuneGeneticist, Doctor, Father, first published in French in 1997.Marc BrodinMarc Brodin is a public health physician and former member of the ethics committee of Frances National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM).Tatiana GiraudTatiana Giraud is Marthe Gautiers grand-niece. She leads the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology team, University of Paris-Saclay.Further ReadingRandy Engel Interview with Dr. Marthe Gautier, Discoverer of Trisomy 21, by Randy Engel, in RenewAmerica. Published online March 26, 2013Downs Syndrome: The History of a Disability. David Wright. Oxford University Press, 2011

Pokmon fans attending this month's big meetup in Los Angeles are being encouraged to bring a can of soup along with them. Read more

Avowed surprised me. This beautiful, open-ended role-playing game is gorgeous, it runs smoothly on PC and Xbox alike and it leverages Unreal Engine 5's latest features almost without fault. Anyone familiar with Obsidian Entertainment's storied history would know that its track record for technical polish isn't exactly sterling, so it's an unexpected triumph - one of the best showcases of a modern Unreal Engine 5 title that uses the engine's best features while avoiding its biggest pitfalls. At its core, Avowed follows a model not unlike The Outer Worlds: an open world game with a smaller, more focused scope versus the more sprawling implementations we expect from the likes of Ubisoft or Rockstar. This works in Avowed's favour as The Living Lands offer some beautiful, interesting places to explore. It's broken up into moderately sized chunks, but each of these areas has a lot to see and do, with genuinely beautiful areas with plenty of atmosphere. I would almost describe the game's aesthetic as an unusual cross between Elder Scrolls and Chrono Cross (!), with bold colours, unusual shapes and towering structures. Obsidian's first-person RPGs typically arrive with a hearty helping of bugs and a general lack of polish. Avowed isn't perfect, and you will still bump into rough patches from time to time, but it's surprisingly well-tuned, managing to avoid most of those pitfalls. Animation, camera movement, NPC behaviour and battles all feel remarkably polished. Here's John with the full video presentation of Avowed for Xbox Series X, Series S and PC. Watch on YouTubeAs an Unreal Engine 5 title then, it should come as no surprise that Avowed uses the three headline features - Lumen global illumination and reflections, Nanite virtualised geometry and virtual shadow maps - but it's how they're used that really helps demonstrate their worth. Take Nanite, for instance. It's designed to offer a seamless, continuous shift between different levels of detail for to reduce the perception of pop-in. That premise is perfect for open world games, where the size of the environments means that you need to rely on LOD transitions to maintain a high level of visual quality - so you want those transitions to happen without the player noticing. However, the initial UE5 release didn't support using Nanite for transparent objects, so things like trees were really hard to pull off with this technique. Avowed, however, manages to leverage Nanite for virtually everything. Trees, for example, are modelled with a good degree of detail up close, so you can admire one up close, then walk backwards with your eyes fixed on it and never notice an obvious jump in quality as you get further away. That's Nanite in action. The same is true of buildings and the landscape itself, which feels consistent regardless of your position on the map, lending The Living Lands a remarkably solid feel. To see this content please enable targeting cookies. There is still some minor pop-in on some objects, such as grass clumps, in Xbox performance modes and lower PC settings, but this is a somewhat rare occurrence. That's in sharp contrast to The Outer Worlds, which was built on Unreal Engine 4 and suffered from nearly constant LOD swaps using more traditional methods, so Avowed's use of Nanite is a huge improvement. Avowed also uses an interesting combination of virtual shadow maps (VSMs) and screen-space shadows for fine detail. VSMs are nice in that you can eliminate the flaws of cascaded shadow maps, but they're very expensive and memory-intensive. To combat this, Obsidian has essentially excluded smaller details from the VSM, instead relying on screen-space shadows to fill in those missing details. This hybrid approach is more performant and largely looks OK, but you can spot some visible draw-in and issues along the screen edges if you look closely.Then we have Lumen. Avowed uses both Lumen GI and reflections, though its quality varies according to settings. At its best, Lumen provides an excellent solution for real-time global illumination (RTGI). Avowed features a dynamic time of day and Lumen allows this light to behave more naturally: rich shadows and crevices are filled in properly and colour transfer is visible as light bounces across the scene, while Lumen reflections allow glossy surfaces to exhibit beautiful results. When you combine all of these techniques together with stellar art direction, you get something that really impresses. Obsidian has been using Unreal for a while now and this is the first game they've made in 3D that manages to side-step most of the rendering issues that we used to see in open world RPGs. It's clear that UE5 actually delivered serious value to the team and allowed them to build their most impressive world to date. The game's open world contains some stunning vistas, with particularly impressive lighting and water rendering. | Image credit: Digital FoundryOf course, these visual features do come at a performance cost, with many UE5 games typically exhibiting subpar performance particularly on consoles - or other visual sacrifices. To that end, if we start with the console version, you are presented with a number of visual presets and performance options. That includes 30fps quality, 60fps performance and 40fps balanced (on 120Hz screens only) modes on Xbox Series X, plus an uncapped frame-rate toggle for VRR displays. That's excellent - we've been pushing for 40fps for years but it's remained relatively rare for Xbox titles. Series S, meanwhile, offers just quality and balanced modes, with the balanced mode again restricted to use with 120Hz displays. On Series X, the quality and balanced modes both feature full software Lumen with RTGI and reflections, along with an increase in density of small objects across the world such as foliage. Quality mode has slightly more vegetation than balanced mode, but it's comparable. Performance mode cuts back on features, with noisier Lumen GI and no Lumen reflections - just SSR. A tonne of scenery detail is also sacrificed and shadow quality is also reduced. Series S's quality mode is comparable to the balanced mode on Series X, while Series S's balanced mode falls between the performance and balanced modes of Series X with no Lumen reflections. The game's use of Lumen global illumination is impressive, especially on PC where hardware Lumen is an option versus the software Lumen used on consoles. | Image credit: Digital FoundryAs you might expect, resolutions also differ between modes, with Series X's quality mode running at 1440p most of the time and being upscaled to 4K, while performance mode runs at ~1080p. Balanced mode is trickier to judge due capture limitations on our end, but it seems to operate over similar bounds to quality mode - though perhaps with more variable results. Meanwhile, Series S's quality mode is ~1080p, while balanced mode is ~720p. That latter resolution feels too low, with rather severe noise and artefacts, so I don't recommend it. Performance is thankfully solid across the 30fps and 40fps modes, with only occasional hiccups on both Series X and Series S. Series X's performance mode is the least stable option and requires VRR for the best results, with major areas unable to lock to 60fps. Even so, this is Obsidian's best performing console game by far - not perfect, but good enough. My recommendation, if you have the option, is to stick with balanced mode on Series X and quality mode on Series S. The PC version promises options for better performance and improved visuals, including hardware Lumen RTGI and reflections, and my first impressions were largely positive despite some stutters - the experience was much smoother than other recent UE5 titles. There are still some 100-200ms stutters due to shader compilation, even on extremely high-end systems, but these frame-time spikes are at least less commonplace than in other UE5 games. The various modes on Xbox Series X and Series S seem well considered, with the balanced mode on X and quality mode on S being our recommended settings for most users with 120Hz VRR displays. | Image credit: Digital FoundryIn terms of visual features, hardware Lumen reflections look significantly better than the software mode, with more detailed and realistic results. The same beneifts apply to RTGI, with less light leak artefacts and more granular lighting overall. This comes at a performance penalty and therefore requires a more powerful PC to enjoy, but the payoff is worth it. You do have the option for multiple upscaling options, including DLSS, FSR and TSR, as well as PC-specific slides for FOV and motion blur amongst other settings. I played through the game on a top-end system with an RTX 5090 graphics card, but our resident PC expert Alex experienced the game on a more mainstream setup. It's possible to get a good mixture of fidelity and performance here, but Avowed is undoubtedly a heavy game on both CPU and GPU and it's therefore unsurprising that the Xbox Series X version is unable to lock to 60fps. Traversal stutters are fairly common on a low-end CPU such as the Ryzen 5 3600, limiting performance below 60fps in built-up areas even on minimal settings, but faster CPUs do scale nicely and provide significantly better performance. VRAM usage thankfully isn't an issue, even on graphics cards with 8GB of VRAM. The game also froze during the initial shader compilation step on both machines, which is presumably a bug that ought to be fixed. While we're on the topic of flaws, we should talk briefly about character rendering, which is arguably the game's weakest point. The individual models range from "pretty good" to "Skyrim quality", with the main cast well-modelled with plenty of detail, but animation is a little limited and there are very few dramatic moments. It's enough to enjoy the game's excellent writing and storytelling, but can appear somewhat stilted. Lesser NPCs can appear a lot less impressive in comparison - not bad, per se, but things like skin shading feel undercooked. It's a bit funny that your first companion looks like he stepped out of Concord but, hey, at least his actual character is awesome - for Mass Effect fans, he's basically a Garrus type. While the PC version scales well on better hardware, even high-end rigs will experience a few limited instances of shader compilation stutter. Lower-end CPUs and GPUs face worse stability as well as lower overall frame-rates. | Image credit: Digital FoundryOn another note, I wanted to briefly mention the HDR implementation - while the game does support HDR and it looks pretty good, I was disappointed that there are no options for adjusting the HDR presentation in-game - just a single gamma slider on PC and Xbox. It seems to derive settings from the system level, but additional customisation is always appreciated. And while the experience was largely bug free for me, I did encounter a couple crashes on my Xbox. In both cases, while loading a save, the game simply dropped me back to the dashboard with no error message. This is in addition to the shader compilation crashes that Alex faced. Ultimately, though, Avowed mostly impressed me. I really didn't expect much going into it but walked away having had a great time. It's beautiful, plays surprisingly well, features great characters and story telling and, quite frankly, has all the markings of a future cult classic. Obsidian did a fantastic job with this one. Of course, as noted, it's not perfect. It's still demanding, there are visual issues at lower settings and some bugs are certainly possible but it still feels like a step in the right direction for Obsidian when it comes to technical performance. Give it a shot - I think it may just surprise you!

You can trust VideoGamer. Our team of gaming experts spend hours testing and reviewing the latest games, to ensure you're reading the most comprehensive guide possible. Rest assured, all imagery and advice is unique and original. Check out how we test and review games here Dead By Daylight has had an excellent February 2025. Right now, the Resident Evil 2v8 mode is an absolute blast, and fans can get 800,000 Bloodpoints before it expires. While this month has been awesome, leaks have emerged for March and beyond, and they reveal the return of a popular DBD LTM, some huge sales, and a creepy new skin.Dead By Daylight Chaos Shuffle return leak and salesOn the DBDLeaks Discord, Aricarna has revealed Chaos Shuffle is coming back to Dead By Daylight on March 4th. Unfortunately, it will only be around until March 10th, so it will not be playable for very long.Image credit: DBDLeaks DiscordWhile the short duration of Chaos Shuffle is disappointing, its likely because March is scheduled to see the full release of Chapter 35 for all platforms. We still dont know who the licensed killer is for the paragraph, but leaks suggest they are from Tokyo Ghoul. Save Up to $1,200 on the Samsung Galaxy S25! Pre-order now and save big with trade-in and Samsung credit. Limited time only! *Includes trade-in value + $300 Samsung credit. In addition to the return of Chaos Shuffle, Dvveet has leaked huge sales for everything contained in Tome bundles 1-4. Below are the dates and prices:Tome 1: March 4th 11th3560 AC (w/o sale: 10,680 AC)Tome 2: March 11th 18th3725 AC (w/o sale: 11,175 AC)Tome 3: March 18th 25th4210 AC (w/o sale: 12,630 AC)Tome 4: March 25th April 1st4010 AC (w/o sale: 12,030 AC)New Dead By Daylight skin leakIn addition from Dveet, there is the leak of a new Dead By Daylight skin for The Unknown. This skin is a Knight Jester Cosmetic that looks pretty creepy due to The Unknowns unnerving smile and twisted skin. Must-Listen: Publishing Manor Lords w/ Joe Robinson VideoGamer Podcast Listen Now Image credit: @Dvveet on XFor more Dead By Daylight content, check out ourranking of the top 10 DLC expansions to buyalong with a ranking of thebest killer perksandbest survivor perks.About the AuthorDead by DaylightPlatform(s):Google Stadia, Nintendo Switch, PC, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, Xbox Series XGenre(s):Action, Survival Horror7VideoGamerRelated TopicsDead by Daylight Subscribe to our newsletters!By subscribing, you agree to our Privacy Policy and may receive occasional deal communications; you can unsubscribe anytime.Share

You can trust VideoGamer. Our team of gaming experts spend hours testing and reviewing the latest games, to ensure you're reading the most comprehensive guide possible. Rest assured, all imagery and advice is unique and original. Check out how we test and review games here Contents hide Football Manager 2025 is dead and buried, and the cancellation wasnt that surprising. With the game delayed until late in the football season, it made sense that developer Sports Interactive would cut its losses and move onto the next game in the series.But what happened? After decades of annual releases, what was so different that making Football Manager 2025 resulted in such a disaster? Well, with developer Sports Interactive moving from its own technology to Unity, developers believe the team underestimated the mountain of work needed to adapt such a bespoke series to new tools.Football Manager 2025 devs may have underestimated their workIn a piece by The Athletic, former communications director on Football Manager, Ciaran Brennan explained that the series had been built on the same technology since 2004. With the goal of future-proofing the series, the team made a decision to change tact and adapt to the Unity game engine. Save Up to $1,200 on the Samsung Galaxy S25! Pre-order now and save big with trade-in and Samsung credit. Limited time only! *Includes trade-in value + $300 Samsung credit. They needed to make a change, Brennan explained. They evaluated a few different engines and decided to go with Unity.In the article, a developer with experience working with Unity explained that porting projects from a custom game engine into the tool is a huge challenge. The enginethe tool that runs the gameis very different from the 20-year-old foundations of Sports Interactives series, and that may have caused the team to underestimate how much work needed to be done. Must-Listen: Publishing Manor Lords w/ Joe Robinson VideoGamer Podcast Listen Now Changing technology and porting a product while trying to ship a new version is always going to be a challenge, the developer said. Porting from a custom engine to Unity will have its challenges. There is no magic button that converts all your code, libraries and art. There are different rules, file formats and ratios. Often, that mountain of work is underestimated.However, the developer explained that the shift to the engine will provide many advantages as Sports Interactive no longer needs to develop and update its own internal tools. Many developers have made this shift as of late with Cyberpunk developer CD Projekt moving to Unreal Engine as well as Halo Studios.For many Football Manager fans, its a shame that there wont be a new entry this year, but its also a good sign. FM26 should be more polished, and the future of the franchise is secured. This situation should also give players some insight: game development is hard, and its never as easy as just switching engines. Next time you see a Bethesda game, remember that.Subscribe to our newsletters!By subscribing, you agree to our Privacy Policy and may receive occasional deal communications; you can unsubscribe anytime.Share