We may earn a commission from links on this page. Deal pricing and availability subject to change after time of publication.When you’re juggling work on your laptop, managing your calendar on your phone, and storing family vacation photos somewhere in the cloud, it helps to have one service that actually talks to all your devices. That’s what Microsoft 365 Personal aims to do. Right now, StackSocial has a 1-year subscription for $79.99 instead of $99.99, which isn’t massive, but it’s a solid $20 off for something most of us end up using daily. You get access to premium versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote, which means no more stripped-down online versions when you’re trying to format a resume or budget spreadsheet. It works across five devices at once—PCs, Macs, iPhones, iPads, and Androids—so it’s flexible if you bounce between gadgets.What’s new here is Microsoft Copilot, the company’s AI add-on baked right into the apps. It helps speed up tasks like summarizing documents or generating ideas in Word and PowerPoint. In practice, it feels a bit like having ChatGPT inside your Microsoft apps—handy if you do a lot of writing, data analysis, or just want to save time. The 1TB of OneDrive storage is enough to store everything from work docs to your personal photo archive, and it syncs across devices. You also get security perks like ransomware detection, file recovery for up to 30 days, and a personal vault for sensitive files. For users in the U.S., there’s also identity theft monitoring through Microsoft Defender.This subscription is designed for one person, and the apps are tied to a single Microsoft account. So if you're looking to share it with family, this isn’t the right plan (look at the Family version instead). It’s also only valid for purchases and use in North America, so international buyers should skip this one. But for someone who wants everything under one umbrella—secure cloud storage, powerful productivity tools, and now AI help baked in—it’s a pretty cohesive package. The value adds up, especially if you’re already deep in the Microsoft ecosystem.

A recently identified security flaw in Microsoft OneDrive's file-share function may have given third-party services access to your entire cloud backup rather than just one individual file.Oasis Security says vague language in OneDrive's File Picker feature suggests people are only sharing access to one file. However, millions might have shared access to entire accounts across multiple services, and some of those services may still have access to files. Supported services include ChatGPT, Slack, Trello, Zoom, and hundreds more. OneDrive, meanwhile, houses files from users' Microsoft accounts, so this issue may have exposed data such as PDF documents or photographs alongside other files."The official OneDrive File Picker implementation requests read access to the entire drive—even when uploading just a single file—due to the lack of fine-grained OAuth scopes for OneDrive,” Oasis Security says. "While users are prompted to provide consent before completing an upload, the prompt’s vague and unclear language does not communicate the level of access being granted, leaving users open to unexpected security risks."Recommended by Our EditorsOasis explained how permissions work using ChatGPT. The request reads, "ChatGPT will be able to open OneDrive files, including files shared by you." For many users, this may suggest it only has access to the exact files shared, but it gives the app access to your entire cloud backup.The permissions given to ChatGPT when connecting with OneDrive.(Credit: James Peckham)Oasis Security told Microsoft (and the apps that connect with OneDrive) about the flaw before sharing it, and Redmond said it is considering a fix. However, there is no clear roadmap for when it will arrive. We asked Microsoft for comment.How to Secure Your Data, Revoke Permissions on OneDrive(Credit: PCMag/Microsoft)You may want to ensure your information is locked down so these services can't access private or confidential docs. To do that, go to your Microsoft account and head to Privacy in the left-hand corner. Here you’ll find an option called App Access, which will display a list of applications you’ve given permission to access your account.(Credit: PCMag/Microsoft)Here, you can see which individual permissions you’ve given each application. If you want to remove a service, click Stop Sharing. This may take up to an hour to take effect.

Windows may get all the attention, but when you want to get real work done, you turn to the applications that run on it. And if you use spreadsheets, that generally means Excel. Excel is, of course, part of Microsoft’s Office suite of productivity tools. Microsoft sells Office under two models: Individuals and businesses can pay for the software license up front and own it forever (what the company calls the “perpetual” version of the suite), or they can purchase a Microsoft 365 subscription, which means they have access to the software for only as long as they keep paying the subscription fee. When you purchase a perpetual version of the suite — say, Office 2021 or Office 2024 — its applications will never get new features, whereas Microsoft 365 apps are continually updated with new features. For more details, see our in-depth comparison of the two Office models. This cheat sheet gets you up to speed on the features that have been introduced or changed in Microsoft 365’s Excel for Windows desktop client over the past few years. (If you’re looking for Excel tips for the perpetual-license Office suite, see our Office 2021 and 2024 cheat sheet.) We’ll periodically update this story as new features roll out. In this article Use the Ribbon Search to get tasks done quickly Explore Excel’s advanced chart types Collaborate in real time Take advantage of linked data Make your own custom views of a worksheet Create dynamic arrays and charts Use AutoSave to provide a safety net as you work Review or restore earlier versions of a spreadsheet Try out Microsoft 365 Copilot in Excel — but don’t expect too much Other new features to check out Use keyboard shortcuts Use the Ribbon The Ribbon interface, which puts commonly used commands in a tabbed toolbar running across the top of the application window, is alive and well in the current version of Excel. Microsoft has tweaked the Ribbon’s looks numerous times over the years, but it still works the same way it always has: just click one of the Ribbon’s tabs to see related commands on the toolbar. For example, click Insert to find buttons for inserting tables, PivotTables, charts, and more. Through the years, Excel’s Ribbon has gotten a variety of cosmetic changes, but it still works largely the way it always has. Preston Gralla / Foundry Just as in previous versions of Excel, if you want the Ribbon commands to go away, press Ctrl-F1 or click the name of the tab you’re currently on. (The tabs above the Ribbon — File, Home, Insert, and so on — stay visible.) To make the commands reappear, press Ctrl-F1 again or click any tab name. You’ve got other options for displaying the Ribbon as well. To get to them, click the Ribbon display options icon (a down arrow) on the bottom of the Ribbon at the far right, just below the Share button. A drop-down menu appears with these four options: Full-screen mode: This makes Excel take up your entire screen and hides the Ribbon. To get out of full-screen mode, click the three-dot icon at the upper right of the screen. Show tabs only: This shows the tabs but hides the commands underneath them. It’s the same as pressing Ctrl-F1. To display the commands underneath the tabs when they’re hidden, press Ctrl-F1, click a tab, or click the Ribbon display options down arrow and select Always show Ribbon. Always show Ribbon: This displays the entire Ribbon, both the tabs and commands underneath them. Show/Hide Quick Access toolbar: This displays or hides the Quick Access toolbar, which gives you fast access to Excel commands you want to have available no matter which tab you’re on. When you enable the toolbar, it starts off empty. To populate it, click a small down arrow that appears at the right of the toolbar and from the drop-down menu that appears, choose which features to put on it. If you don’t see a command you want, click More Commands. Find the command you want on the left and click Add. You can have the toolbar appear either at the top of the screen, just to the right of the AutoSave button, or just underneath the Ribbon. To move it from one place to another, click a small down arrow that appears at the right of the toolbar and from the drop-down menu that appears, select either Show below the Ribbon or Show above the Ribbon.  Microsoft has for many years teased a simplified version of the Ribbon that hides most of the commands to reduce clutter. That simplified Ribbon is available in the Excel web app, but there’s currently no sign that it will appear in the Excel desktop app. There’s a useful feature in what Microsoft calls the backstage area that appears when you click the File tab on the Ribbon. If you click Open or Save a Copy from the menu on the left, you can see the cloud-based services you’ve connected to your Office account, such as SharePoint and OneDrive. Each location displays its associated email address underneath it. This is quite helpful if you use a cloud service with more than one account, such as if you have one OneDrive account for personal use and another one for business. You’ll be able to see at a glance which is which. Click the Add a service dropdown to add another cloud storage account. Preston Gralla / Foundry Search to get tasks done quickly Excel has never been the most user-friendly of applications, and it has so many powerful features it can be tough to keep track of them all. That’s where the handy Search feature comes in. To use it, click in the Search box — it’s above the Ribbon in the green title area. (Keyboard fans can instead press Alt-Q.) Then type in a task you want to do. If you want to summarize your spreadsheet data using a PivotTable, for example, type in something like summarize with pivot table. You’ll get a menu showing potential matches for the task. In this instance, the top result is a direct link to the form for summarizing with a PivotTable — select it and you’ll start your task right away, without having to go to the Ribbon’s Insert tab first. The search box makes it easy to perform just about any task in Excel. Preston Gralla / Foundry If you’d like more information about your task, the final items that appear in the menu let you select from related Help topics. Even if you consider yourself a spreadsheet jockey, it’s worth your while to try out the enhanced search function. It’s a big time-saver, and far more efficient than hunting through the Ribbon to find a command. Also useful is that it remembers the features you’ve previously clicked on in the box, so when you click in it, you first see a list of previous tasks you’ve searched for. That makes sure that tasks that you frequently perform are always within easy reach. And it puts tasks you rarely do within easy reach as well. Users of enterprise and education editions of Microsoft 365 can also use the Search box to find people in their organization, SharePoint resources, and other personalized results from within Excel. (See the Microsoft Search support page for more details about all it can do.) Explore Excel’s advanced chart types Charts are great for visualizing and presenting spreadsheet data, and for gaining insights from it. To that end, Microsoft has introduced a number of advanced chart types over the past several years, including most notably a histogram (frequently used in statistics), a “waterfall” that’s effective at showing running financial totals, and a hierarchical treemap that helps you find patterns in data. Note that the new charts are available only if you’re working in an .xlsx document. If you use the older .xls format, you won’t find them. To see all the charts, put your cursor in a cell or group of cells that contains data, select Insert > Recommended Charts and click the All Charts tab. You’ll find the newer charts, mixed in with the older ones. Select any to create the chart. (For help using charts, see our guide to charts and sparklines in Excel.) Excel includes several advanced chart types, including waterfall. Preston Gralla / Foundry These are the new chart types: Treemap. This chart type creates a hierarchical view of your data, with top-level categories (or tree branches) shown as rectangles, and with subcategories (or sub-branches) shown as smaller rectangles grouped inside the larger ones. Thus, you can easily compare the sizes of top-level categories and subcategories in a single view. For instance, a bookstore can see at a glance that it brings in more revenue from 1st Readers, a subcategory of Children’s Books, than for the entire Non-fiction top-level category. srcset="https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel2016_chart_treemap.jpg?quality=50&strip=all 830w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel2016_chart_treemap.jpg?resize=300%2C191&quality=50&strip=all 300w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel2016_chart_treemap.jpg?resize=768%2C489&quality=50&strip=all 768w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel2016_chart_treemap.jpg?resize=264%2C168&quality=50&strip=all 264w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel2016_chart_treemap.jpg?resize=132%2C84&quality=50&strip=all 132w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel2016_chart_treemap.jpg?resize=753%2C480&quality=50&strip=all 753w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel2016_chart_treemap.jpg?resize=565%2C360&quality=50&strip=all 565w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel2016_chart_treemap.jpg?resize=392%2C250&quality=50&strip=all 392w" width="830" height="529" sizes="(max-width: 830px) 100vw, 830px">A treemap chart lets you easily compare top-level categories and subcategories in a single view. Preston Gralla / Foundry Sunburst. This chart type also displays hierarchical data, but in a multi-level pie chart. Each level of the hierarchy is represented by a circle. The innermost circle contains the top-level categories, the next circle out shows subcategories, the circle after that subsubcategories and so on. Sunbursts are best for showing the relationships among categories and subcategories, while treemaps are better at showing the relative sizes of categories and subcategories. A sunburst chart shows hierarchical data such as book categories and subcategories as a multi-level pie chart. Preston Gralla / Foundry Waterfall. This chart type is well-suited for visualizing financial statements. It displays a running total of the positive and negative contributions toward a final net value. A waterfall chart shows a running total of positive and negative contributions, such as revenue and expenses, toward a final net value. Preston Gralla / Foundry Histogram. This kind of chart shows frequencies within a data set. It could, for example, show the number of books sold in specific price ranges in a bookstore. Histograms are good for showing frequencies, such as number of books sold at various price points. Preston Gralla / Foundry Pareto. This chart, also known as a sorted histogram, contains bars as well as a line graph. Values are represented in descending order by bars. The cumulative total percentage of each bar is represented by a rising line. In the bookstore example, each bar could show a reason for a book being returned (defective, priced incorrectly, and so on). The chart would show, at a glance, the primary reasons for returns, so a bookstore owner could focus on those issues. Note that the Pareto chart does not show up when you select Insert > Recommended Charts > All Charts. To use it, first select the data you want to chart, then select Insert > Insert Statistic Chart, and under Histogram, choose Pareto. In a Pareto chart, or sorted histogram, a rising line represents the cumulative total percentage of the items being measured. In this example, it’s easy to see that more than 80% of a bookstore’s returns are attributable to three problems. Preston Gralla / Foundry Box & Whisker. This chart, like a histogram, shows frequencies within a data set but provides for a deeper analysis than a histogram. For example, in a bookstore it could show the distribution of prices of different genres of books. In the example shown here, each “box” represents the first to third quartile of prices for books in that genre, while the “whiskers” (the lines extending up and down from the box) show the upper and lower range of prices. Outliers that are priced outside the whiskers are shown as dots, the median price for each genre is shown with a horizontal line across the box, and the mean price is shown with an x. Box & Whisker charts can show details about data ranges such as the first to third quartile in the “boxes,” median and mean inside the boxes, upper and lower range with the “whiskers,” and outliers with dots.Preston Gralla / Foundry Funnel. This chart type is useful when you want to display values at multiple stages in a process. A funnel chart can show the number of sales prospects at every stage of a sales process, for example, with prospects at the top for the first stage, qualified prospects underneath it for the second stage, and so on, until you get to the final stage, closed sales. Generally, the values in funnel charts decrease with each stage, so the bars in the chart look like a funnel. Funnel charts let you display values at multiple stages in a process. Preston Gralla / Foundry When creating the data for a funnel chart, use one column for the stages in the process you’re charting, and a second column for the values for each stage. Once you’ve done that, to create the chart, select the data, then select Insert > Recommended Charts > All Charts > Funnel. Map. Map charts do exactly what you think they should: They let you compare data across different geographical regions, such as countries, regions, states, counties, or postal codes. Excel will automatically recognize the regions and create a map that visualizes the data. You can compare data across different locations with a map chart. Preston Gralla / Foundry To create a map chart, select the data you want to chart, then select Insert > Maps, then select the map chart. Note that in some instances, Excel might have a problem creating the map — for example, if there are multiple locations with the same name as one that you’re mapping. If that occurs, you’ll have to add one or more columns with details about the locations. If, say, you’re charting towns in the United Kingdom, you would have to include columns for the county and country each town is located in. Collaborate in real time For those who frequently collaborate with others, a welcome feature in Excel for Microsoft 365 is real-time collaboration that lets people work on spreadsheets together from anywhere in the world with an internet connection. Microsoft calls this “co-authoring.” Note that in order to use co-authoring, the spreadsheet must be stored in OneDrive, OneDrive for Business, or SharePoint Online, and you must be logged into your Microsoft 365 account. Also, co-authoring works in Excel only if you have AutoSave turned on. To do it, choose the On option on the AutoSave slider at the top left of the screen. To share a spreadsheet so you can collaborate on it with others: first open it, then click the Share button on the upper-right of the Excel screen. The “Send link” window pops up. Here you can send an email with a link where others can access the spreadsheet. Use the “Send link” pane to share a document and the “Link settings” pane to fine-tune its access permissions. Preston Gralla / Foundry Enter the email address of the person with whom you want to share in the text box. Enter multiple addresses, separated by commas, if you want to share the workbook with multiple people. One feature I found particularly useful when adding email addresses: As you type, Excel looks through your corporate or personal address book and lists the names and addresses of contacts who match the text you’ve input. Click the address you want to add. This not only saves you a bit of time but helps make sure you don’t incorrectly type in addresses. Next, decide whether anyone with the link can access the file, or only those whose email addresses you enter. If you see the text “Anyone with the link can edit” near the top of the pane, you can change that by clicking it, then choosing Specific people on the screen that appears. Similarly, if “Specific people” appears above the email addresses, you can change that by clicking it, then choosing Anyone with the link can edit from the screen that appears. (If you use a business, enterprise, or education edition of Office, your IT department may have set up different sharing permissions on these two screens, such as an option to allow anyone within your organization to edit the document. You may also need to click a Link settings button — a gear icon — to access the “Link settings” pane.) On this second screen you can also set the document to read-only for everybody, or allow everybody to edit it. In the “Other settings” section, click the down arrow and choose either Can edit, which allows full editing, or Can view, which is read-only. If you want to give certain people editing privileges and others view-only privileges, you can send two separate invitations with different rights selected. On this screen you can also set an expiration date after which people won’t be able to access the file, and you can set a password so that only people who have the password can access it. When you’ve made your selections, click Apply. Back in the main “Send link” screen, you can send a message along with the link by typing it into the Message box. Then click Send. An email is sent to all the recipients with a link they can click to open the document. Your collaborators will get an email like this when you share a spreadsheet. Preston Gralla / Foundry (If you’d rather send recipients a copy of the file as an Excel file instead of a link, and thus not allow real-time collaboration, click Send a copy at the bottom of the “Send link” screen.) There’s another way to share a file stored in a personal OneDrive for collaboration: In the “Copy link” area at the bottom of the “Send link” pane, click Copy. When you do that, you can copy the link and send it to someone yourself via email. Note that you have the same options for setting access and editing permissions as you do if you have Excel send the link directly for you. Just click Anyone with the link can edit or Specific people below “Copy link,” and follow the instructions above. To begin collaborating: When your recipients receive the email and click to open the spreadsheet, they’ll open it in the web version of Excel in a browser, not in the desktop version of Excel. If you’ve granted them edit permissions, they can begin editing immediately in the browser or else click Editing > Open in Desktop App on the upper right of the screen to work in the Excel desktop client. Excel for the web is less powerful and polished than the desktop client, but it works well enough for real-time collaboration. As soon as any collaborators open the file, you’ll see a colored cursor that indicates their presence in the file. Each person collaborating gets a different color. Hover your cursor over a colored cell that indicates someone’s presence, and you’ll see their name. Once they begin editing the workbook, such as entering data or a formula into a cell, creating a chart, and so on, you see the changes they make in real time. Your cursor also shows up on their screen as a color, and they see the changes you make. You can easily see where collaborators are working in a shared worksheet. Preston Gralla / Foundry Collaboration includes the ability to make comments in a file, inside individual cells, without actually changing the contents of the cell. To do it, right-click a cell, select New Comment and type in your comment. Everyone collaborating can see that a cell has a comment in it — it’s indicated by a small colored notch appearing in the upper right of the cell. The color matches the person’s collaboration color. To see someone’s comment in a cell, hover your cursor over the cell or put your cursor in the cell and you’ll see the comment, the name of the person who made the comment, and a Reply box you can use to send a reply. You can also click the Comments button on the upper right of the screen to open the Comments pane, which lists every comment by every person. Click any comment to jump to the cell it’s in. You can also reply when you click a comment in the pane. You can make see comments that other people make, and make comments yourself. Preston Gralla / Foundry Take advantage of linked data Excel for Microsoft 365 has a feature that Microsoft calls “linked data types.” Essentially, they’re cells that are connected to an online source (Bing) that automatically updates their information — for example, a company’s current stock price. As I write this, there are nearly approximately 100 linked data types, including not just obvious data types such as stocks, geography, and currencies, but many others, including chemistry, cities, anatomy, food, yoga, and more. To use them, type the items you want to track into cells in a single column. For stocks, for example, you can type in a series of stock ticker symbols, company names, fund names, etc. After that, select the cells, then on the Ribbon’s Data tab, select Stocks in the Data Types section in the middle. (If you had typed in geographic names such as countries, states, or cities, you would instead select Geography.) Excel automatically converts the text in each cell into the matching data source — in our example, into the company name and stock ticker. Excel also adds a small icon to the left edge of each cell identifying it as a linked cell. Click any icon and a data card will pop up showing all sorts of information about the kind of information you’ve typed in.  For instance, a stock data card shows stock-related information such as current price, today’s high and low, and 52-week high and low, as well as general company information including industry and number of employees. A location card shows the location’s population, capital, GDP, and so on. You can build out a table using data from the data card. To do so, select the cells again, and an Insert Data button appears. Click the button, then select the information you want to appear, such as Price for the current stock price, or Population for the population of a geographic region. srcset="https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel-microsoft365-15-linked-data-2023.jpg?quality=50&strip=all 620w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel-microsoft365-15-linked-data-2023.jpg?resize=300%2C293&quality=50&strip=all 300w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel-microsoft365-15-linked-data-2023.jpg?resize=172%2C168&quality=50&strip=all 172w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel-microsoft365-15-linked-data-2023.jpg?resize=86%2C84&quality=50&strip=all 86w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel-microsoft365-15-linked-data-2023.jpg?resize=491%2C480&quality=50&strip=all 491w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel-microsoft365-15-linked-data-2023.jpg?resize=368%2C360&quality=50&strip=all 368w, https://b2b-contenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/excel-microsoft365-15-linked-data-2023.jpg?resize=256%2C250&quality=50&strip=all 256w" width="620" height="606" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px">Linked data types let you insert information, such as a company’s high and low stock prices, that is continually updated. Preston Gralla / Foundry Excel will automatically add a column to the right populated with the latest information for each item you’re tracking, and will keep it updated. You can click the Insert Data button multiple times to keep adding columns to the right for different types of data from the item’s data card.  It’s helpful to add column headers so you know what each column is showing. Make your own custom views of a worksheet Sheet Views let you make a copy of a sheet and then apply filtered or sorted views of the data to the new sheet. It’s useful when you’re working with other people on a spreadsheet, and someone wants to create a customized view without altering the original sheet. You can all create multiple custom-filtered/sorted views for a sheet. Once you’ve saved a sheet view, anyone with access to the spreadsheet can see it. Note: To use this feature, your spreadsheet must be stored in OneDrive. Sheet views work best when your data is in table format. Select the data, then go to the Ribbon toolbar and click the Insert tab. Near the left end of the Insert toolbar, click the Table button and then OK. To create a new sheet view, click the Ribbon’s View tab, then click the New button in the Sheet View area at the far left. The row numbers and column letters at the left and top of your spreadsheet turn black to let you know you’re in a new sheet view. In the Sheet View area of the Ribbon, it says Temporary View, the default name given to a new sheet view before you’ve saved it. Here’s a sheet view with data sorted from highest to lowest costs. Preston Gralla / Foundry Now apply whatever sorting and filtering you like to the data. (If you need help, see the “How to sort and filter data” section of our Excel tables guide.) To save this view, click the Keep button in the Sheet View area of the Ribbon. When you do that, it is saved as “View1” by default. You can click View1 and type in a more meaningful name for the view. When you click Exit on this toolbar, you return to your spreadsheet, and the row numbers and columns on the left and top of the spreadsheet are no longer black. To switch from one sheet view to another, click the View tab. At the left of the Ribbon toolbar, click the down arrow next to the name of the current view (it will say Default if you’re viewing the spreadsheet without a sheet view applied) to open a dropdown list of the sheet views created for the spreadsheet. Click the name of a sheet view to switch to it. Whenever you’re looking at a sheet view, the row numbers and column letters framing your spreadsheet remain black to indicate that you’re in a sheet view, not the original spreadsheet. Create dynamic arrays and charts Dynamic arrays let you write formulas that return multiple values based on your data. When data on the spreadsheet is updated, the dynamic arrays automatically update and resize themselves. To create a dynamic array, first create a table as outlined in the previous tip. Make sure to include a column that lists categories. Also put in at least one column to its right that lists corresponding values. Put a header at the top of each column. So, for example, if you’re creating a spreadsheet for a business trip budget, Column A might list expenses, such as plane tickets, meals, hotel, etc., and Column B could list each item’s cost on the same row. Once you’ve set up the table, use a dynamic array function on it, such as FILTER, SORT, or UNIQUE to create a dynamic array next to the table. Here’s an example of a formula for using the FILTER function: =FILTER(A2:B9, B2:B9 < 2000) This tells Excel to show only the items that cost less than $2,000 in the array. The FILTER function created a data array showing only the items with costs below $2,000. Preston Gralla / Foundry Now, whenever the data in your source table changes, the dynamic array updates and resizes itself to accommodate the changes. That means the dynamic array is always up to date. So in our example, if you add new items with values under $2,000 to the table, the dynamic array will enlarge itself and include those new items. In the same way, you can use the SORT function to sort data and the UNIQUE function to remove duplicate data. (Read about more ways to use the FILTER, SORT, and UNIQUE functions from Microsoft support.) You create a dynamic chart from the dynamic array in the same way you do any other Excel chart. Select the cells from the dynamic array that you want to chart, then select the Insert tab and select the type of chart you want to add. When the source data changes in a way that affects the dynamic array that the chart is based on, both the dynamic array and the chart will be updated. Use AutoSave to provide a safety net as you work If you’re worried that you’ll lose your work on a worksheet because you don’t constantly save it, you’ll welcome the AutoSave feature. It automatically saves your files for you, so you won’t have to worry about system crashes, power outages, Excel crashes and similar problems. It only works only on documents stored in OneDrive, OneDrive for Business, or SharePoint Online. It won’t work with files saved in the older .xls format or files you save to your hard drive. AutoSave is a vast improvement over the previous AutoRecover feature built into Excel. AutoRecover doesn’t save your files in real time; instead, every several minutes it saves an AutoRecover file that you can try to recover after a crash. It doesn’t always work, though — for example, if you don’t properly open Excel after the crash, or if the crash doesn’t meet Microsoft’s definition of a crash. In addition, Microsoft notes, “AutoRecover is only effective for unplanned disruptions, such as a power outage or a crash. AutoRecover files are not designed to be saved when a logoff is scheduled or an orderly shutdown occurs.” And the files aren’t saved in real time, so you’ll likely lose several minutes of work even if all goes as planned. AutoSave is turned on by default in Excel for Microsoft 365 .xlsx workbooks stored in OneDrive, OneDrive for Business, or SharePoint Online. To turn it off (or back on again) for a workbook, use the AutoSave slider on the top left of the screen. If you want AutoSave to be off for all files by default, select File > Options > Save and uncheck the box marked AutoSave files stored in the Cloud by default on Excel. Using AutoSave may require some rethinking of your workflow. Many people are used to creating new worksheets based on existing ones by opening the existing file, making changes to it, and then using Save As to save the new version under a different name, leaving the original file intact. Be warned that doing this with AutoSave enabled will save your changes in the original file. Instead, Microsoft suggests opening the original file and immediately selecting File > Save a Copy (which replaces Save As when AutoSave is enabled) to create a new version. If AutoSave does save unwanted changes to a file, you can always use the Version History feature described below to roll back to an earlier version. Review or restore earlier versions of a spreadsheet There’s an extremely useful feature hiding in the title bar in Excel for Microsoft 365: You can use Version History to go back to previous versions of a file, review them, compare them side-by-side with your existing version, and copy and paste from an older file to your existing one. You can also restore an entire old version. To do it, click the file name at the top of the screen in an open file. A drop-down menu appears. Click Version History, and the Version History pane appears on the right side of the screen with a list of the previous versions of the file, including the time and date they were saved. (Alternatively, you can select the File tab on the Ribbon, click Info from the menu on the left, and then click the Version History button.) Use Version History to see all previous versions of a spreadsheet, copy and paste from an older file to your existing one, or restore an entire old version. Preston Gralla / Foundry In the Version History pane, click Open version under any older version, and that version appears as a read-only version in a new window. Scroll through the version and copy any content you want, then paste it into the latest version of the file. To restore the old version, overwriting the current one, click the Restore button. Try out Microsoft 365 Copilot in Excel — but don’t expect too much For an additional subscription fee, business users of Excel can use Microsoft’s genAI add-in, Microsoft 365 Copilot. You can have Copilot suggest and create charts, create formulas, mine spreadsheets for data insights you might have missed, and more. If you have a Microsoft 365 Personal or Family subscription, many of those features are now bundled with your core subscription. To start using Copilot in Excel, open a spreadsheet and click the Copilot button at the right of the Ribbon’s Home tab. The Copilot panel will appear on the right, offering suggestions for actions it can perform, such as summarizing your data with a chart, adding formulas to the spreadsheet, or applying conditional formatting to the sheet. You can also chat with Copilot in the panel, asking questions about your data or how to perform an action yourself. Note that these suggestions are generic and won’t always make sense. For example, when you start with a blank worksheet and click the Copilot button, its suggestions include summarizing data using pivot tables or charts, even though there’s no data to chart or put into a table. Microsoft 365 Copilot can help you in multiple ways in Excel, including creating formulas and charts, mining spreadsheets for insights, and more. Preston Gralla / Foundry In my testing, I found that Copilot wasn’t particularly helpful. For example, when I asked it to summarize data using a PivotTable or chart, several times it responded, “Something went wrong. Please try again in a moment.” Then it said that I first needed to reformat parts of my spreadsheet by using the Transform() function, and gave confusing advice on how I could do it — it wouldn’t do the task itself. (Eventually, I gave up.) When I asked it to suggest conditional formatting for my spreadsheet, which would highlight important data, it told me which data I should highlight but didn’t explain why the data was important. It also didn’t do the highlighting for me or tell me how to do it. I gave it one more try and asked it to perform an advanced analysis, which it would use Python to do. It certainly did something, although it was unclear what it was. It overwrote my original spreadsheet and added a section that claimed to show annual growth rates for revenue streams. But the data seemed to be incorrect. Perhaps advanced spreadsheet jockeys might be able to make sense of what Copilot is up to whenever they ask it for help. But mere mortal businesspeople may find it of no help at all. In my testing, I found Copilot not at all helpful, although spreadsheet jockeys may be able to make some sense of what it does. Preston Gralla / Foundry What’s more, Microsoft’s focus on Copilot in M365 has reduced the usefulness of Excel in some ways. For example, there used to be a handy feature called Smart Lookup that let you conduct targeted web searches from inside Excel. But at the beginning of 2025, Microsoft removed Smart Lookup from Excel, saying that the feature has been deprecated. Now the only way to search the web from inside Excel is via Copilot, which lacks some features of Smart Lookup — notably the ability to highlight words or phrases in a document and trigger an automatic web search. And M365 Copilot isn’t available to business customers unless they pay the additional subscription fee. Other features to check out Spreadsheet pros will be pleased with several other features and tools that have been added to Excel for Microsoft 365 over the past few years, from a quick data analysis tool to an advanced 3D mapping platform. Get an instant data analysis If you’re looking to analyze data in a spreadsheet, the Quick Analysis tool will help. Highlight the cells you want to analyze, then move your cursor to the lower right-hand corner of what you’ve highlighted. A small icon of a spreadsheet with a lightning bolt on it appears. Click it and you’ll get a variety of tools for performing instant analysis of your data. For example, you can use the tool to highlight the cells with a value greater than a specific number, get the numerical average for the selected cells, or create a chart on the fly. The Quick Analysis feature gives you a variety of tools for analyzing your data instantly. Preston Gralla / Foundry Translate text You can translate text from right within Excel. Highlight the cell whose text you want translated, then select Review > Translate. A Translator pane opens on the right. Excel will detect the words’ language at the top of the pane; you then select the language you want it translated to below. If Excel can’t detect the language of the text you chose or detects it incorrectly, you can override it. Easily find worksheets that have been shared with you It’s easy to forget which worksheets others have shared with you. In Excel for Microsoft 365 there’s an easy way to find them: Select File > Open > Shared with Me to see a list of them all. Note that this only works with OneDrive (both Personal and Business) and SharePoint Online. You’ll also need to be signed into you Microsoft or work or school account. Predict the future with Forecast Sheet Using the Forecast Sheet function, you can generate forecasts built on historical data. If, for example, you have a worksheet showing past book sales by date, Forecast Sheet can predict future sales based on past ones. To use the feature, you must be working in a worksheet that has time-based historical data. Put your cursor in one of the data cells, go to the Data tab on the Ribbon and select Forecast Sheet from the Forecast group toward the right. On the screen that appears, you can select various options such as whether to create a line or bar chart and what date the forecast should end. Click the Create button, and a new worksheet will appear showing your historical and predicted data and the forecast chart. (Your original worksheet will be unchanged.) The Forecast Sheet feature can predict future results based on historical data. Preston Gralla / Foundry Manage data for analysis with Get & Transform This feature is not entirely new to Excel. Formerly known as Power Query, it was made available as a free add-in to Excel 2013 and worked only with the PowerPivot features in Excel Professional Plus. Microsoft’s Power BI business intelligence software offers similar functionality. Now called Get & Transform, it’s a business intelligence tool that lets you pull in, combine, and shape data from wide variety of local and cloud sources. These include Excel workbooks, CSV files, SQL Server and other databases, Azure, Active Directory, and many others. You can also use data from public sources including Wikipedia. Get & Transform helps you pull in and shape data from a wide variety of sources. Preston Gralla / Foundry You’ll find the Get & Transform tools together in a group on the Data tab in the Ribbon. For more about using these tools, see Microsoft’s “Getting Started with Get & Transform in Excel.” Make a 3D map Before Excel 2016, Power Map was a popular free 3D geospatial visualization add-in for Excel. Now it’s free, built into Excel for Microsoft 365, and has been renamed 3D Maps. With it, you can plot geographic and other information on a 3D globe or map. You’ll need to first have data suitable for mapping, and then prepare that data for 3D Maps. Those steps are beyond the scope of this article, but here’s advice from Microsoft about how to get and prepare data for 3D Maps. Once you have properly prepared data, open the spreadsheet and select Insert > 3D Map > Open 3D Maps. Then click Enable from the box that appears. That turns on the 3D Maps feature. For details on how to work with your data and customize your map, head to the Microsoft tutorial “Get started with 3D Maps.” If you don’t have data for mapping but just want to see firsthand what a 3D map is like, you can download sample data created by Microsoft. The screenshot shown here is from Microsoft’s Dallas Utilities Seasonal Electricity Consumption Simulation demo. When you’ve downloaded the workbook, open it up, select Insert > 3D Map > Open 3D Maps and click the map to launch it. With 3D Maps you can plot geospatial data in an interactive 3D map. Preston Gralla / Foundry Automate tasks If you have OneDrive for Business and use Excel with a commercial or educational Microsoft 365 license, you can automate tasks with the Automate tab. You’ll be able to create and edit scripts with the Code Editor, run automated tasks with a button click, and share the script with co-workers. See Microsoft’s “Office Scripts in Excel” documentation for details. Insert data from a picture into Excel There are times you may find data inside an image file that you’d like to get into Excel. Typically, you’ll have to input the data from it manually. There’s now a way to have Excel convert the information on the image into data for a worksheet. In the Get & Transform Data group on the Data tab, click the From Picture dropdown and select Picture From File to choose the image you want to grab data from, or Picture from Clipboard to take a screenshot of an image on your PC and then import the data. For more details, see Microsoft’s “Insert data from picture” support page.   Use keyboard shortcuts Here’s one last productivity tip: If you memorize a handful of keyboard shortcuts for common tasks in Excel, you can save a great deal of time over hunting for the right command to click on. See “Handy Excel keyboard shortcuts for Windows and Mac” for our favorites. This article was originally published in August 2019 and most recently updated in May 2025. More Excel tutorials: Excel basics: Get started with tables Excel basics: Get started with charts and sparklines How to use PivotTables and PivotCharts in Excel How to use slicers in Excel How to use Excel formulas and functions How (and why) to use conditional formatting in Excel How to use Excel macros to save time and automate your work

When was the last time you upgraded your laptop? If you’re still working off of a piece of ten year old tech, it may be time to start looking for a replacement. The Dell Inspiron 16 laptop is a super versatile option that can fulfill a lot of the needs of pretty much anyone, be it you’re a student, small business owner, or just someone who wants to go online with something other than their phone. Dell has its Inspiron 16 touchscreen laptop with Windows 11 Pro installed on sale for 71% off, bringing it down from its listed price of $3,400 to just $1,000. Additionally, it comes with a lifetime license to Microsoft Office. See at Amazon Immersive Touchscreen Experience The Dell Inspiron 16 is equipped with a AMD Ryzen 7 8840U processor which delivers powerful performance perfect for both work and play. It comes with 32GB of RAM and a full 1TB of storage on its SSD. It’s designed for professional use for anyone who needs lightning-fast data access, seamless multitasking, and frequently uses demanding software applications. The laptop has a display size of 16 inches, supporting Full HD with its resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels. The LED backlit screen is anti-glare so it remains comfortable to use in any environment for long hours of either hard work or entertainment. It’s also a touchscreen which allows you to use your laptop like it’s a tablet. And I’ll say this… touchscreen is absolutely the optimal way to play Balatro and everyone should be playing Balatro. The laptop is sleek and lightweight, making it easy to travel with or to take to a local coffee shop to get work done there. The Dell Inspiron 16 laptop is pre-installed with Windows 11 Pro, which features a redesigned Start menu, OneDrive integration, multiple personalized desktops, new keyboard shortcuts, and more. Universal Search is a new feature now found on the the taskbar across the bottom of your screen. You can literally search for anything. Whether you’re looking for specific files or apps on your computer or need recipes or maps on the web, it will look through all systems to find exactly what you need. Contacts, notes from class—you name it. All with one search bar. Right now, you can save a crazy 71% on the Inspiron laptop with Windows 11 Pro from Dell. That brings the price down from $3,400 to just $1,000—a $2,400 savings. Before getting too excited, it’s never listed at that full price. However, this is still a reasonable price to pay for the Dell Inspiron 16 with a 1TB SSD and 32GB of RAM. You also get a lifetime license to the full Microsoft Office suite. See at Amazon

In brief: Although Windows will likely never sync with smartphones as seamlessly as Macs interface with iPhones, Microsoft has long sought to emulate aspects of Apple's connected ecosystem. In line with this goal, an upcoming feature in Windows 11 will allow users with Android phones to access functionality similar to Apple's Handoff. Recently, Microsoft briefly published – and then deleted – a demonstration of a planned Windows 11 feature that lets users continue app activity between their Android devices and PCs. While it's still unclear when and if this feature becomes widely available, third-party developers are currently testing it. Aakash Varshney, Microsoft's Senior Product Manager of Cross Devices and Experiences, detailed the new feature, called Cross Device Resume, during the company's Build 2025 session. When using supported Android apps, a badge may appear next to the app's icon on the Windows PC taskbar. Clicking the badge resumes the activity from the mobile version of the app. On X, user "phantomofearth" shared a screenshot from an earlier version of the Build stream, showing the desktop Spotify app resuming a song that was paused on the Android app. It's unclear why Microsoft later removed this visual demonstration from the video. According to Phantom, Microsoft plans to begin rolling out Cross Device Resume via OneDrive later this month, with taskbar integration to follow. Spotify and WhatsApp will reportedly be among the first supported apps. The feature mirrors Apple's Handoff, which allows users to seamlessly continue songs, documents, browser sessions, and other activities across iPhone, iPad, Macs, and the Apple Watch. Handoff isn't the first cross-device feature Microsoft has attempted to replicate from Apple either. In January, Microsoft upgraded its Phone Link app to improve connectivity between Windows 11, Android phones, and iPhones. By syncing devices over Bluetooth, users can transfer files, handle calls, and send text messages from their PCs. // Related Stories While still far from achieving the level of integration offered by Apple's Continuity, which allows a Mac to remotely access virtually everything on a nearby iPhone, Microsoft is working to close the gap. Apple's tight vertical integration across its devices remains a major competitive advantage in this kind of scenarios. The Build presentation also touched on Microsoft's plans to streamline file and link sharing across apps and devices. Soon, users will be able to share content with contacts across multiple platforms with just a couple of clicks. Microsoft will continue hosting additional Build sessions aimed at developers through Thursday, May 22. Moving files between Android/iOS and Windows, is it...?

Let’s say you are lucky enough to have access to a system with an Nvidia Graphical Processing Unit (Gpu). Did you know there is an absurdly easy method to use your GPU’s capabilities using a Python library intended and predominantly used for machine learning (ML) applications?  Don’t worry if you’re not up to speed on the ins and outs of ML, since we won’t be using it in this article. Instead, I’ll show you how to use the PyTorch library to access and use the capabilities of your GPU. We’ll compare the run times of Python programs using the popular numerical library NumPy, running on the CPU, with equivalent code using PyTorch on the GPU.  Before continuing, let’s quickly recap what a GPU and Pytorch are. What is a GPU? A GPU is a specialised electronic chip initially designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device. Its utility as a rapid image manipulation device was based on its ability to perform many calculations simultaneously, and it’s still used for that purpose. However, GPUs have recently become invaluable in machine learning, large language model training and development. Their inherent ability to perform highly parallelizable computations makes them ideal workhorses in these fields, as they employ complex mathematical models and simulations. What is PyTorch? PyTorch is an open-source machine learning library developed by Facebook’s AI Research Lab (FAIR). It’s widely used for natural language processing and computer vision applications. Two of the main reasons that Pytorch can be used for GPU operations are, One of PyTorch’s core data structures is the Tensor. Tensors are similar to arrays and matrices in other programming languages, but are optimised for running on a GPU. Pytorch has CUDA support. PyTorch seamlessly integrates with CUDA, a parallel computing platform and programming model developed by NVIDIA for general computing on its GPUS. This allows PyTorch to access the GPU hardware directly, accelerating numerical computations. CUDA will enable developers to use PyTorch to write software that fully utilises GPU acceleration. In summary, PyTorch’s support for GPU operations through CUDA and its efficient tensor manipulation capabilities make it an excellent tool for developing GPU-accelerated Python functions with high computational demands.  As we’ll show later on, you don’t have to use PyTorch to develop machine learning models or train large language models. In the rest of this article, we’ll set up our development environment, install PyTorch and run through a few examples where we’ll compare some computationally heavy PyTorch implementations with the equivalent numpy implementation and see what, if any, performance differences we find. Pre-requisites An Nvidia GPU You need an Nvidia GPU on your system. To check your GPU, issue the following command at your system prompt. I’m using the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). $ nvidia-smi >> (base) PS C:\Users\thoma> nvidia-smi Fri Mar 22 11:41:34 2024 +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NVIDIA-SMI 551.61 Driver Version: 551.61 CUDA Version: 12.4 | |-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ | GPU Name TCC/WDDM | Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC | | Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. | | | | MIG M. | |=========================================+========================+======================| | 0 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 Ti WDDM | 00000000:01:00.0 On | N/A | | 32% 24C P8 9W / 285W | 843MiB / 12282MiB | 1% Default | | | | N/A | +-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Processes: | | GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory | | ID ID Usage | |=========================================================================================| | 0 N/A N/A 1268 C+G ...tility\HPSystemEventUtilityHost.exe N/A | | 0 N/A N/A 2204 C+G ...ekyb3d8bbwe\PhoneExperienceHost.exe N/A | | 0 N/A N/A 3904 C+G ...cal\Microsoft\OneDrive\OneDrive.exe N/A | | 0 N/A N/A 7068 C+G ...CBS_cw5n etc .. If that command isn’t recognised and you’re sure you have a GPU, it probably means you’re missing an NVIDIA driver. Just follow the rest of the instructions in this article, and it should be installed as part of that process. Nvidia GPU drivers While PyTorch installation packages can include CUDA libraries, your system must still install the appropriate NVIDIA GPU drivers. These drivers are necessary for your operating system to communicate with the graphics processing unit (GPU) hardware. The CUDA toolkit includes drivers, but if you’re using PyTorch’s bundled CUDA, you only need to ensure that your GPU drivers are current. Click this link to go to the NVIDIA website and install the latest drivers compatible with your system and GPU specifications. Setting up our development environment As a best practice, we should set up a separate development environment for each project. I use conda, but use whatever method suits you. If you want to go down the conda route and don’t already have it, you must install Miniconda (recommended) or Anaconda first.  Please note that, at the time of writing, PyTorch currently only officially supports Python versions 3.8 to 3.11. #create our test environment (base) $ conda create -n pytorch_test python=3.11 -y Now activate your new environment. (base) $ conda activate pytorch_test We now need to get the appropriate conda install command for PyTorch. This will depend on your operating system, chosen programming language, preferred package manager, and CUDA version.  Luckily, Pytorch provides a useful web interface that makes this easy to set up. So, to get started, head over to the Pytorch website at… https://pytorch.org Click on the Get Started link near the top of the screen. From there, scroll down a little until you see this, Image from Pytorch website Click on each box in the appropriate position for your system and specs. As you do, you’ll see that the command in the Run this Command output field changes dynamically. When you’re done making your choices, copy the final command text shown and type it into your command window prompt.  For me, this was:- (pytorch_test) $ conda install pytorch torchvision torchaudio pytorch-cuda=12.1 -c pytorch -c nvidia -y We’ll install Jupyter, Pandas, and Matplotlib to enable us to run our Python code in a notebook with our example code. (pytroch_test) $ conda install pandas matplotlib jupyter -y Now type in jupyter notebook into your command prompt. You should see a jupyter notebook open in your browser. If that doesn’t happen automatically, you’ll likely see a screenful of information after the jupyter notebook command. Near the bottom, there will be a URL that you should copy and paste into your browser to initiate the Jupyter Notebook. Your URL will be different to mine, but it should look something like this:- http://127.0.0.1:8888/tree?token=3b9f7bd07b6966b41b68e2350721b2d0b6f388d248cc69da Testing our setup The first thing we’ll do is test our setup. Please enter the following into a Jupyter cell and run it. import torch x = torch.rand(5, 3) print(x) You should see a similar output to the following. tensor([[0.3715, 0.5503, 0.5783], [0.8638, 0.5206, 0.8439], [0.4664, 0.0557, 0.6280], [0.5704, 0.0322, 0.6053], [0.3416, 0.4090, 0.6366]]) Additionally, to check if your GPU driver and CUDA are enabled and accessible by PyTorch, run the following commands: import torch torch.cuda.is_available() This should output True if all is OK.  If everything is okay, we can proceed to our examples. If not, go back and check your installation processes. NB In the timings below, I ran each of the Numpy and PyTorch processes several times in succession and took the best time for each. This does favour the PyTorch runs somewhat as there is a small overhead on the very first invocation of each PyTorch run but, overall, I think it’s a fairer comparison. Example 1 — A simple array math operation. In this example, we set up two large, identical one-dimensional arrays and perform a simple addition to each array element. import numpy as np import torch as pt from timeit import default_timer as timer #func1 will run on the CPU def func1(a): a+= 1 #func2 will run on the GPU def func2(a): a+= 2 if __name__=="__main__": n1 = 300000000 a1 = np.ones(n1, dtype = np.float64) # had to make this array much smaller than # the others due to slow loop processing on the GPU n2 = 300000000 a2 = pt.ones(n2,dtype=pt.float64) start = timer() func1(a1) print("Timing with CPU:numpy", timer()-start) start = timer() func2(a2) #wait for all calcs on the GPU to complete pt.cuda.synchronize() print("Timing with GPU:pytorch", timer()-start) print() print("a1 = ",a1) print("a2 = ",a2) Timing with CPU:numpy 0.1334826999955112 Timing with GPU:pytorch 0.10177790001034737 a1 = [2. 2. 2. ... 2. 2. 2.] a2 = tensor([3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.], dtype=torch.float64) We see a slight improvement when using PyTorch over Numpy, but we missed one crucial point. We haven’t used the GPU because our PyTorch tensor data is still in CPU memory.  To move the data to the GPU memory, we need to add the device='cuda' directive when creating the tensor. Let’s do that and see if it makes a difference. # Same code as above except # to get the array data onto the GPU memory # we changed a2 = pt.ones(n2,dtype=pt.float64) # to a2 = pt.ones(n2,dtype=pt.float64,device='cuda') After re-running with the changes we get, Timing with CPU:numpy 0.12852740001108032 Timing with GPU:pytorch 0.011292399998637848 a1 = [2. 2. 2. ... 2. 2. 2.] a2 = tensor([3., 3., 3., ..., 3., 3., 3.], device='cuda:0', dtype=torch.float64) That’s more like it, a greater than 10x speed up.  Example 2—A slightly more complex array operation. For this example, we’ll multiply multi-dimensional matrices using the built-in matmul operations available in the PyTorch and Numpy libraries. Each array will be 10000 x 10000 and contain random floating-point numbers between 1 and 100. # NUMPY first import numpy as np from timeit import default_timer as timer # Set the seed for reproducibility np.random.seed(0) # Generate two 10000x10000 arrays of random floating point numbers between 1 and 100 A = np.random.uniform(low=1.0, high=100.0, size=(10000, 10000)).astype(np.float32) B = np.random.uniform(low=1.0, high=100.0, size=(10000, 10000)).astype(np.float32) # Perform matrix multiplication start = timer() C = np.matmul(A, B) # Due to the large size of the matrices, it's not practical to print them entirely. # Instead, we print a small portion to verify. print("A small portion of the result matrix:\n", C[:5, :5]) print("Without GPU:", timer()-start) A small portion of the result matrix: [[25461280. 25168352. 25212526. 25303304. 25277884.] [25114760. 25197558. 25340074. 25341850. 25373122.] [25381820. 25326522. 25438612. 25596932. 25538602.] [25317282. 25223540. 25272242. 25551428. 25467986.] [25327290. 25527838. 25499606. 25657218. 25527856.]] Without GPU: 1.4450852000009036 Now for the PyTorch version. import torch from timeit import default_timer as timer # Set the seed for reproducibility torch.manual_seed(0) # Use the GPU device = 'cuda' # Generate two 10000x10000 tensors of random floating point # numbers between 1 and 100 and move them to the GPU # A = torch.FloatTensor(10000, 10000).uniform_(1, 100).to(device) B = torch.FloatTensor(10000, 10000).uniform_(1, 100).to(device) # Perform matrix multiplication start = timer() C = torch.matmul(A, B) # Wait for all current GPU operations to complete (synchronize) torch.cuda.synchronize() # Due to the large size of the matrices, it's not practical to print them entirely. # Instead, we print a small portion to verify. print("A small portion of the result matrix:\n", C[:5, :5]) print("With GPU:", timer() - start) A small portion of the result matrix: [[25145748. 25495480. 25376196. 25446946. 25646938.] [25357524. 25678558. 25675806. 25459324. 25619908.] [25533988. 25632858. 25657696. 25616978. 25901294.] [25159630. 25230138. 25450480. 25221246. 25589418.] [24800246. 25145700. 25103040. 25012414. 25465890.]] With GPU: 0.07081239999388345 The PyTorch run was 20 times better this time than the NumPy run. Great stuff. Example 3 — Combining CPU and GPU code. Sometimes, not all of your processing can be done on a GPU. An everyday use case for this is graphing data. Sure, you can manipulate your data using the GPU, but often the next step is to see what your final dataset looks like using a plot. You can’t plot data if it resides in the GPU memory, so you must move it back to CPU memory before calling your plotting functions. Is it worth the overhead of moving large chunks of data from the GPU to the CPU? Let’s find out. In this example, we will solve this polar equation for values of θ between 0 and 2π in (x, y) coordinate terms and then plot out the resulting graph. Don’t get too hung up on the math. It’s just an equation that, when converted to use the x, y coordinate system and solved, looks nice when plotted. For even a few million values of x and y, Numpy can solve this in milliseconds, so to make it a bit more interesting, we’ll use 100 million (x, y) coordinates. Here is the numpy code first. %%time import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from time import time as timer start = timer() # create an array of 100M thetas between 0 and 2pi theta = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 100000000) # our original polar formula r = 1 + 3/4 * np.sin(3*theta) # calculate the equivalent x and y's coordinates # for each theta x = r * np.cos(theta) y = r * np.sin(theta) # see how long the calc part took print("Finished with calcs ", timer()-start) # Now plot out the data start = timer() plt.plot(x,y) # see how long the plotting part took print("Finished with plot ", timer()-start) Here is the output. Would you have guessed beforehand that it would look like this? I sure wouldn’t have! Now, let’s see what the equivalent PyTorch implementation looks like and how much of a speed-up we get. %%time import torch as pt import matplotlib.pyplot as plt from time import time as timer # Make sure PyTorch is using the GPU device = 'cuda' # Start the timer start = timer() # Creating the theta tensor on the GPU theta = pt.linspace(0, 2 * pt.pi, 100000000, device=device) # Calculating r, x, and y using PyTorch operations on the GPU r = 1 + 3/4 * pt.sin(3 * theta) x = r * pt.cos(theta) y = r * pt.sin(theta) # Moving the result back to CPU for plotting x_cpu = x.cpu().numpy() y_cpu = y.cpu().numpy() pt.cuda.synchronize() print("Finished with calcs", timer() - start) # Plotting start = timer() plt.plot(x_cpu, y_cpu) plt.show() print("Finished with plot", timer() - start) And our output again. The calculation part was about 10 times more than the numpy calculation. The data plotting took around the same time using both the PyTorch and NumPy versions, which was expected since the data was still in CPU memory then, and the GPU played no further part in the processing. But, overall, we shaved about 40% off the total run-time, which is excellent. Summary This article has demonstrated how to leverage an NVIDIA GPU using PyTorch—a machine learning library typically used for AI applications—to accelerate non-ML numerical Python code. It compares standard NumPy (CPU-based) implementations with GPU-accelerated PyTorch equivalents to show the performance benefits of running tensor-based operations on a GPU. You don’t need to be doing machine learning to benefit from PyTorch. If you can access an NVIDIA GPU, PyTorch provides a simple and effective way to significantly speed up computationally intensive numerical operations—even in general-purpose Python code. The post Use PyTorch to Easily Access Your GPU appeared first on Towards Data Science.

Editor's take: Windows 11 brought a slew of UI changes and "improvements" few users welcome. File Explorer's state is particularly dire, yet Microsoft shows no sign of backing off its relentless quest to make the interface worse. What should be a simple file manager is now a confusing mess, frustrating longtime users and driving a flood of third-party fixes. Microsoft's revamp of the Windows 11 File Explorer context menu hid or removed many helpful features, sparking a boom in third-party tools to restore the old interface. Once again, Microsoft is reinventing the wheel with a redesigned Start Menu that brings more frustrating changes to the right-click menu. The Redmond corporation has added a new "AI action" sub-menu to File Explorer's context menu. This change is already available to unpaid beta testers in the Windows Insider program with the recent Windows 11 Insider Preview Build 26200.5603 (KB5058488) released to the Dev Channel. Microsoft explains that AI actions in File Explorer offer a deeper interaction with users' files through AI technology. The first four AI actions focus on image editing. Bing Visual Search helps find similar pictures online. Blur Background and Erase Objects automatically detect and modify objects and backgrounds in Photos. Remove Background lets users extract an image's background in Paint. The four AI context menu options support JPG and PNG files but hardly represent an AI revolution. These new actions directly link Bing search or image-editing features from the File Explorer menu – nothing extraordinary about that. Microsoft plans to launch new Copilot-powered AI actions in the coming weeks. Microsoft 365 subscribers will soon get a new "Summarize" option to generate summaries of larger documents – Word, PDF, or TXT – stored on OneDrive and SharePoint. Microsoft also has a "Create an FAQ" feature that utilizes Copilot's chatbot to transform cloud documents into a neatly formatted, AI-generated Q&A list. // Related Stories The new Microsoft 365-exclusive AI actions sound far more promising than a handful of shortcuts to AI tools in a couple of Windows-native image editors. Still, I'd bet a kidney they won't ease the frustration for anyone who's disliked Windows 11 File Explorer since day one. Microsoft's new mission is to bring AI everywhere, so get ready to welcome your fully AI-powered Windows operating system sooner than you think.

Microsoft is starting to integrate AI shortcuts, or what it calls AI actions, into the File Explorer in Windows 11. These shortcuts let you right-click on a file and quickly get to Windows AI features like blurring the background of a photo, erasing objects, or even summarizing content from Office files.Four image actions are currently being tested in the latest Dev Channel builds of Windows 11, including Bing visual search to find similar images on the web, the blur background and erase objects features found in the Photos app, and the remove background option in Paint.The new AI actions in the File Explorer context menu. Image: MicrosoftMicrosoft is also planning to test similar AI actions for Office files soon, enabling you to summarize documents stored in OneDrive or SharePoint, or quickly create AI-generated lists from files. These Office AI actions will be limited to Microsoft 365 commercial subscribers with a Copilot license, and consumer support is “coming later.”It’s not clear if these AI actions can be disabled in the context menu, but they also join an “Ask Copilot” option that Microsoft added to the right-click menu of the File Explorer recently.The new AI-powered feed in the widgets board. Image: MicrosoftAlongside the AI-powered shortcuts in File Explorer, Microsoft is also testing some visual changes to the widgets feature in Windows 11, “with a more organized, personalized, and engaging feed,” according to the Windows Insider team. “In addition, we are introducing Copilot-curated stories into the feed.”This latest Dev Channel build also includes a new “User Interaction-Aware CPU Power Management” feature, which Microsoft describes as an OS-level change to reduce power consumption on laptops and tablets. “After a period of inactivity on your PC, Windows now conserves power by automatically applying efficient power management policies,” says the Windows Insider team. “This happens seamlessly to save energy while you’re inactive, with full performance instantly restored the moment you get back to it.”See More: