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Two new research papers from Anthropic provide surprising insights into how an AI model "thinks." ... More The results are fascinating — and point to the need for further study.Pixabay Anthropic AI recently published two breakthrough research papers that provide surprising insights into how an AI model “thinks.” One of the papers follows Anthropic’s earlier research that linked human-understandable concepts with LLMs’ internal pathways to understand how model outputs are generated. The second paper reveals how Anthropic’s Claude 3.5 Haiku model handled simple tasks associated with ten model behaviors. These two research papers have provided valuable information on how AI models work — not by any means a complete understanding, but at least a glimpse. Let’s dig into what we can learn from that glimpse, including some possibly minor but still important concerns about AI safety. Looking ‘Under The Hood’ Of An LLM LLMs such as Claude aren’t programmed like traditional computers. Instead, they are trained with massive amounts of data. This process creates AI models that behave like black boxes, which obscures how they can produce insightful information on almost any subject. However, black-box AI isn’t an architectural choice; it is simply a result of how this complex and nonlinear technology operates. Complex neural networks within an LLM use billions of interconnected nodes to transform data into useful information. These networks contain vast internal processes with billions of parameters, connections and computational pathways. Each parameter interacts non-linearly with other parameters, creating immense complexities that are almost impossible to understand or unravel. According to Anthropic, “This means that we don’t understand how models do most of the things they do.” Anthropic follows a two-step approach to LLM research. First, it identifies features, which are interpretable building blocks that the model uses in its computations. Second, it describes the internal processes, or circuits, by which features interact to produce model outputs. Because of the model’s complexity, Anthropic’s new research could illuminate only a fraction of the LLM’s inner workings. But what was revealed about these models seemed more like science fiction than real science. What We Know About How Claude 3.5 WorksAttribution graphs were applied to these phenomena for researching Claude 3.5 Haiku.Anthropic One of Anthropic’s groundbreaking research papers carried the title of “On the Biology of a Large Language Model.” The paper examined how the scientists used attribution graphs to internally trace how the Claude 3.5 Haiku language model transformed inputs into outputs. Researchers were surprised by some results. Here are a few of their interesting discoveries: Multi-Step Reasoning — Claude 3.5 Haiku was able to complete some complex reasoning tasks internally without showing any intermediate steps that contributed to the output. Researchers were surprised to find out that the model could create intermediate reasoning steps “in its head.” Claude likely used a more sophisticated internal process than previously thought. Red flag: This raises some concerns because of the model’s lack of transparency. Biased or flawed logic could open the door for a model to intentionally obscure its motives or actions. Planning for Text Generation — Before creating text such as poetry, the model used structural elements of the text to create a list of rhyming word in advance, then used that list to construct the next lines. Researchers were surprised to discover that the model used that amount of forward planning, which in some respects is human-like. Research showed it chose words like “rabbit” beforehand because they rhymed with later phrases such as “grab it.” Red flag: This is impressive, but it is possible that a model could use sophisticated planning capability to create deceptive content. Chain-of-Thought Reasoning — The model’s stated chain-of-thought reasoning steps did not necessarily reflect its actual decision-making processes as revealed by research. It was shown that sometimes Claude performed reasoning steps internally but didn’t reveal them. As an example, research found that the model silently determined that “Dallas is in Texas” before actually stating that Austin was the state capital. This suggests that explanations for reasoning could potentially be fabricated after an answer has been determined, or that the model might intentionally conceal its reasoning from the user. Anthropic previously published deeper research into this subject in a paper entitled “Reasoning Models Don’t Always Say What They Think.” Red flag: This discrepancy opens the door for intentional deception and misleading information. It is not dangerous for a model to reason internally, because humans do that, too. The problem here is that the external explanation doesn’t match the model’s internal “thoughts.” That could be intentional or just a function of its processing. Nevertheless, it erodes trust and hinders accountability. We Need More Research Into LLMs’ Internal Workings And Security Scientists who conducted the research for “On the Biology of a Large Language Model” concede that Claude 3.5 Haiku exhibits some concealed operations and goals not evident in its outputs. The attribution graphs revealed a number of hidden issues. These discoveries underscore the complexity of the model’s internal behavior and highlight the importance of continued efforts to make models more transparent and aligned with human expectations. It is likely these issues also appear in other similar LLMs. With respect to my red flags noted above, it should be mentioned that Anthropic continually updates its Responsible Scaling Policy, which has been in effect since September 2023. Anthropic has made a commitment not to train or deploy models capable of causing catastrophic harm unless safety and security measures have been implemented that keep risks within acceptable limits. Anthropic has also stated that all of its models meet the ASL Deployment and Security Standards, which provide a baseline level of safe deployment and model security. As LLMs have grown larger and more powerful, deployment has spread to critical applications in areas such as healthcare, finance and defense. The increase in model complexity and wider deployment has also increased pressure to achieve a better understanding of how AI works. It is critical to ensure that AI models produce fair, trustworthy, unbiased and safe outcomes. Research is important for our understanding of LLMs, not only to improve and more fully utilize AI, but also to expose potentially dangerous processes. The Anthropic scientists have examined just a small portion of this model’s complexity and hidden capabilities. This research reinforces the need for more study of AI’s internal operations and security. In my view, it is unfortunate that our complete understanding of LLMs has taken a back seat to the market’s preference for AI’s high performance outcomes and usefulness. We need to thoroughly understand how LLMs work to ensure safety guardrails are adequate. Moor Insights & Strategy provides or has provided paid services to technology companies, like all tech industry research and analyst firms. These services include research, analysis, advising, consulting, benchmarking, acquisition matchmaking and video and speaking sponsorships. Moor Insights & Strategy does not have paid business relationships with any company mentioned in this article.Editorial StandardsForbes Accolades

What just happened? Once positioned as the successor to Ultra HD, the 8K TV format has struggled to gain traction. Sony has been one of the tech's most prominent backers, but is now stepping away from the market. A long-term return remains possible, but only if broader industry conditions shift. Sony has quietly confirmed it has no plans to release new 8K TVs anytime soon. Its last models, the 75 and 85-inch Bravia XR Z9K, launched in 2022 and remained in rotation for two years. Now the company is discontinuing the line entirely. Sony said it may eventually return to 8K TVs, but there is not enough momentum in the market right now. The company's remaining 8K TVs will stay on shelves until inventory runs out. Its upcoming models focus on high-end QD-OLED panels with 4K Ultra HD resolution, sold under the Bravia 8 II brand. The manufacturer is also developing a 4K LCD prototype featuring RGB LED backlighting. Defined by the ITU-R BT.2020 standard for 8K broadcasting, the format supports a 7680×4320 resolution with 33.2 million pixels – double the linear resolution of 4K, triple that of 1440p, and four times that of 1080p. The newly introduced PlayStation 5 Pro supports 8K video output via HDMI 2.1, but consumers have shown little interest, and 8K content remains scarce. The PS5 Pro debut failed to ignite meaningful interest in 8K content, and the few remaining 8K TVs on the market still sell at a premium compared to 4K Ultra HD or even Full HD models. Massive 8K displays need native 8K content to deliver optimal results since upscaled lower-resolution material can introduce artifacts or blurriness. // Related Stories Ironically, Sony is exiting the 8K TV market while continuing to produce 8K native cameras designed to capture video feeds at a 7680x4320 resolution. Early adopters eager to get a jump on that 8K content have very few other options. Samsung has released massive 8K TVs with microLED backlighting, while LG introduced its latest 8K models in 2024 with the QNED 99 Series.

For those in the market for a new Android tablet, check out this offer for the Samsung Galaxy Tab S9+. From $1,000, the device’s price is down to a more affordable $700, for huge savings of $300. We’re not sure how much time is remaining before this bargain from Staples’ tablet deals disappears though, so if you don’t want to miss out on the discount, we highly recommend pushing forward with your transaction as soon as possible. The Samsung Galaxy Tab S10 series is the latest in the popular line of Android tablets, but the Samsung Galaxy Tab S9+ is still a worthwhile purchase today for most people. With the Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 for Galaxy processor and 12GB of RAM, it works pretty smoothly, and its 256GB of onboard storage may be expanded by a microSD card for up to 1TB of additional space. The tablet also comes with the S Pen stylus, which will make it easier to take notes and draw sketches on the tablet. In our comparison between the Samsung Galaxy Tab S9 versus S9+ versus S9 Ultra, the Samsung Galaxy Tab S9+ serves as a good middle ground between the smaller Samsung Galaxy Tab S9 and the larger Samsung Galaxy Tab S9 Ultra. All tablets feature a Dynamic AMOLED 2X touchscreen, but the 12.4-inch display of the Samsung Galaxy Tab S9+ provides a bit more room for using apps and watching streaming shows compared to the 11-inch display of the Samsung Galaxy Tab S9, without making it too unwieldy if the 14.6-inch display of the Samsung Galaxy Tab S9 Ultra is too big for you. Related The Samsung Galaxy Tab S9+ already presents amazing value at its sticker price of $1,000, so you wouldn’t want to miss this opportunity to get it for a discounted price of $700. There’s always high demand for Samsung tablet deals though, and we don’t think it’s going to be any different in this case. If you want to buy the Samsung Galaxy Tab S9+ at $300 off, you should add it to your cart and finish the checkout process immediately while stocks of the tablet are still available. Editors’ Recommendations

David Altmejd offers unsettling sci-fi visions at White Cube while Kennedy Yanko blends the harshness of metal with the flexibility of paint at Salon 94 and James Cohan.

Debugging Researchers find AI is pretty bad at debugging—but they’re working on it Even when given access to tools, AI agents can't reliably debug software. Samuel Axon – Apr 11, 2025 6:26 pm | 0 Story text Size Small Standard Large Width * Standard Wide Links Standard Orange * Subscribers only   Learn more There are few areas where AI has seen more robust deployment than the field of software development. From "vibe" coding to GitHub Copilot to startups building quick-and-dirty applications with support from LLMs, AI is already deeply integrated. However, those claiming we're mere months away from AI agents replacing most programmers should adjust their expectations because models aren't good enough at the debugging part, and debugging occupies most of a developer's time. That's the suggestion of Microsoft Research, which built a new tool called debug-gym to test and improve how AI models can debug software. Debug-gym (available on GitHub and detailed in a blog post) is an environment that allows AI models to try and debug any existing code repository with access to debugging tools that aren't historically part of the process for these models. Microsoft found that without this approach, models are quite notably bad at debugging tasks. With the approach, they're better but still a far cry from what an experienced human developer can do. Here's how Microsoft's researchers describe debug-gym: Debug-gym expands an agent’s action and observation space with feedback from tool usage, enabling setting breakpoints, navigating code, printing variable values, and creating test functions. Agents can interact with tools to investigate code or rewrite it, if confident. We believe interactive debugging with proper tools can empower coding agents to tackle real-world software engineering tasks and is central to LLM-based agent research. The fixes proposed by a coding agent with debugging capabilities, and then approved by a human programmer, will be grounded in the context of the relevant codebase, program execution and documentation, rather than relying solely on guesses based on previously seen training data. Pictured below are the results of the tests using debug-gym. Agents using debugging tools drastically outperformed those that didn't, but their success rate still wasn't high enough. Credit: Microsoft Research This approach is much more successful than relying on the models as they're usually used, but when your best case is a 48.4 percent success rate, you're not ready for primetime. The limitations are likely because the models don't fully understand how to best use the tools, and because their current training data is not tailored to this use case. "We believe this is due to the scarcity of data representing sequential decision-making behavior (e.g., debugging traces) in the current LLM training corpus," the blog post says. "However, the significant performance improvement... validates that this is a promising research direction." This initial report is just the start of the efforts, the post claims.  The next step is to "fine-tune an info-seeking model specialized in gathering the necessary information to resolve bugs." If the model is large, the best move to save inference costs may be to "build a smaller info-seeking model that can provide relevant information to the larger one." This isn't the first time we've seen outcomes that suggest some of the ambitious ideas about AI agents directly replacing developers are pretty far from reality. There have been numerous studies already showing that even though an AI tool can sometimes create an application that seems acceptable to the user for a narrow task, the models tend to produce code laden with bugs and security vulnerabilities, and they aren't generally capable of fixing those problems. This is an early step on the path to AI coding agents, but most researchers agree it remains likely that the best outcome is an agent that saves a human developer a substantial amount of time, not one that can do everything they can do. Samuel Axon Senior Editor Samuel Axon Senior Editor Samuel Axon is a senior editor at Ars Technica, where he is the editorial director for tech and gaming coverage. He covers AI, software development, gaming, entertainment, and mixed reality. He has been writing about gaming and technology for nearly two decades at Engadget, PC World, Mashable, Vice, Polygon, Wired, and others. He previously ran a marketing and PR agency in the gaming industry, led editorial for the TV network CBS, and worked on social media marketing strategy for Samsung Mobile at the creative agency SPCSHP. He also is an independent software and game developer for iOS, Windows, and other platforms, and he is a graduate of DePaul University, where he studied interactive media and software development. 0 Comments

The facts underlying Noem v. Abrego Garcia are shocking, even by the standards of the Trump administration’s treatment of immigrants. The Supreme Court just ruled that the immigrant at the heart of the case get some relief — but that relief is only partial.In mid-March, President Donald Trump’s government deported Kilmar Armando Abrego Garcia to El Salvador, where he is currently detained in a notorious prison supposedly reserved for terrorists. He was deported even though, in 2019, an immigration judge had issued an order explicitly forbidding the government from sending Abrego Garcia to El Salvador because he faced a “clear probability of future persecution” if returned to that nation. This court order is still in effect today.No one, including Trump’s own lawyers, has tried to justify this decision under the law. The administration claims that Abrego Garcia was deported as the result of an “administrative error.” When a federal judge asked a Justice Department lawyer why the federal government cannot bring him back to this country, that lawyer responded, “The first thing I did was ask my clients that very question. I’ve not received, to date, an answer that I find satisfactory.”The judge ordered the federal government to “facilitate and effectuate the return of [Abrego Garcia] to the United States by no later than 11:59 PM on Monday, April 7.”And yet Abrego Garcia remains in El Salvador. After the Trump administration asked the Supreme Court to vacate the judge’s order, Chief Justice John Roberts temporarily blocked the requirement that he be returned to give his Court time to consider the case. On Thursday evening, the full Court lifted that block in what appears to be a 9-0 decision (sometimes, justices disagree with an order but do not make that dissent public). Still, Thursday’s decision does not order Abrego Garcia’s immediate release and return to the United States.While the Court’s three Democrats all joined an opinion by Justice Sonia Sotomayor indicating that they would have simply left the lower court’s order in place, the full Supreme Court’s order sends the case back down to the lower court for additional proceedings.The Supreme Court concludes that the lower court’s order “properly requires the Government to ‘facilitate’ Abrego Garcia’s release from custody in El Salvador and to ensure that his case is handled as it would have been had he not been improperly sent to El Salvador.” But it adds that the “intended scope of the term ‘effectuate’ in the District Court’s order” — to “facilitate and effectuate” his return — “is, however, unclear, and may exceed the District Court’s authority.” The word “facilitate” suggests that the government must take what steps it can to make something happen, while the word “effectuate” suggests that it needs to actually make it happen.Because the Supreme Court does not elaborate in much detail on this conclusion, it is difficult to know why the Republican justices decided to limit the lower court’s order in this way, but the Trump administration’s brief in this case may offer a hint as to what the Supreme Court means. The administration’s primary argument was that “the United States does not control the sovereign nation of El Salvador, nor can it compel El Salvador to follow a federal judge’s bidding.” So it claimed that the lower court’s order was invalid because it is unenforceable.The Supreme Court’s order does not go that far, but it does suggest that a majority of the justices are open to the possibility that the US government will request Abrego Garcia’s release, that the Salvadorian government says “no,” and that at some point the courts will not be able to push US officials to do more.That said, the Supreme Court’s order also states that “the Government should be prepared to share what it can concerning the steps it has taken and the prospect of further steps.” So the justices, at the very least, expect a judge to supervise the administration’s behavior and to intervene if they conclude that it is not doing enough to secure Abrego Garcia’s release.It is likely, in other words, that the Trump administration will still be able to drag its feet in this case while it waits for the lower court to, in the Supreme Court’s words, “clarify its directive.” And there may be more rounds of litigation if the administration does not use all the tools at its disposal to free Abrego Garcia. In the meantime, of course, he is likely to remain in a prison known for its human rights abuses.Still, it is notable that none of the justices publicly dissented from Thursday’s order. It seems, in other words, that all nine of the justices are willing to concede that, at the very least, the Trump administration must take some steps to correct its behavior when it does something even its own lawyers cannot defend.See More:

When is it worth giving your older but still reliable PC or laptop a reprieve from the recycling center? When you can give it new life for just $16 in the form of the HP S650 internal 240GB solid-state hard drive, which you can do right now thanks to this limited-time 20% off deal at Amazon. The extra boost of storage and speed you get from a quick, easy hard drive replacement is a solid solution for a computer that’s past having any trade-in value but still does its job. The original internal hard drive in your older-model PC or laptop is probably a hard disk drive (HDD), and it’s probably on its last legs — slow to boot up, slow to read and write, and glitchy. In short, it’s probably past the point of reliability, which is the most essential need you have from a computer. You could spend hundreds or more to replace the entire machine, or you could kick that can down the road and give your device new life for just $16 See at Amazon More Speed, Less Greed Why make the move from an HDD to an SSD (solid-state drive) like the HP S650? The SSD has far fewer moving parts and thus fewer potential breakdowns, far greater speed, greater reliability, and superior overall efficiency. Another thing about those older HDDs? They’re awful when it comes to energy usage, which means they’re electricity vampires that drive up your utility bill, and all that energy-hogging also creates unsustainably high internal temperatures, especially in laptops. The HP S650 boasts ultra-low power consumption, which translates into greater efficiency and longer life. It features a pure aluminum heat spreader that’s far more efficient at dissipating heat and dropping the amount of power consumption, meaning it can work harder and faster than your current drive while staying infinitely cooler. Upgrade for Pennies On the Dollar How much faster? Sequential read speeds of up to 560 MB per second and write speeds of up to 500 MB/s are the benchmarks set by the HP S650. That’s roughly five times faster than the average HDD, with a fraction of the energy usage and heat output. Good on you for keeping an older computer or laptop with an HDD at its core running for this long — it speaks to you being a careful and responsible user. But all good things come to an end, and it’s time to say goodbye to that heavy, clunky, loud HDD. Give your old reliable device a new lease on life with the HP S650 240GB SSD for just $16 while this Amazon offer is still good. See at Amazon

House 28 / studio edwardsSave this picture!© Tony GorsevskiHouses•Wye River, Australia Architects: studio edwards Area Area of this architecture project Area:  70 m² Year Completion year of this architecture project Year:  2018 Photographs Photographs:Tony Gorsevski Manufacturers Brands with products used in this architecture project Manufacturers:  ForestOne, Fisher & Paykel, Astra Walker, Rylock, Sphera Products translation missing: en-US.post.svg.material_description Save this picture! Text description provided by the architects. A container house on the Surf Coast in Wye River, Victoria. Designed as a weekend retreat & made from three 20ft shipping containers.Save this picture!Two connect to form the living space with toilet, laundry & entry. The third a sleeping wing with two bedrooms, toilet & shower. Connected by a external deck on steel stilts which sit on deep concrete pile foundations- anchoring the house to the hillside.Save this picture!Internally the spaces are lined with marine plywood.
Externally insulated & clad with galvanised steel sheeting.
The northern face of the house has fixings to allow for planting wires to connect to the ground, encouraging native plants to grow over the house.Save this picture!The Southern facade is predominately glazed with a series of double glazed doors & windows opening onto the decking which looks southwards through the trees towards the ocean.Save this picture!A green roof planted with native dichondra sits above, providing additional thermal insulation & rainwater filtration.Save this picture! Project gallerySee allShow less About this officestudio edwardsOffice••• MaterialSteelMaterials and TagsPublished on April 11, 2025Cite: "House 28 / studio edwards" 11 Apr 2025. ArchDaily. Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/889778/house-28-studio-edwards&gt ISSN 0719-8884Save世界上最受欢迎的建筑网站现已推出你的母语版本!想浏览ArchDaily中国吗?是否 You've started following your first account!Did you know?You'll now receive updates based on what you follow! Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors, offices and users.Go to my stream

Humans love to take liberties when we talk about our heights. But Afruca tangeri fiddler crabs don’t have that luxury. Looking and listening in on the members of this species as they tried to attract mates, a team of researchers found that the males’ mating songs are shaped by their size, and are thus accurate signals of their fitness as mates, according to a press release, at least from the perspective of female fiddler crabs.Publishing their findings in a study in the Journal of Experimental Biology, the researchers say that their results reveal what information male fiddler crabs share in their songs, as well as how well they share it.Conveying Size Through SongScuttling around the noisy seashores of the Southern Iberian Peninsula, A. tangeri males court A. tangeri females through songs of seismic vibrations, by drumming or hitting the sand with their oversized claws or shells. But little is known about what, exactly, these seismic vibrations convey and how effectively they convey it next to the noisy sea. Setting out to learn more, a team of researchers from the University of Oxford’s Animal Vibration Lab recorded male fiddler crabs as they produced their seismic signals. Using GoPro cameras and geophones, which measured the percussive vibrations that the crabs produced in the sand, the team revealed that the seismic signals differed depending on whether the males drummed the sand with their claws or hit the sand with their shells. Much more intriguingly, the researchers also found that the seismic songs differed depending on the males’ morphology, allowing the females to accurately size up the males from far away.“It appears as though the males cannot, or do not, lie about their physical size,” said Tom Mulder, a study author and a biologist at the Animal Vibration Lab, according to the release. “Females can rely on the loudness of seismic signals to honestly assess a potential mate’s quality, all without needing to see him.”Read More: Understanding How Whales CommunicateThe Complicated Steps of Fiddler Crab CourtshipThroughout their study, the researchers’ GoPros and geophones allowed them to record the complicated steps of fiddler crab courtship. First, the males waved their oversized claws in the air. Second, they alternated between drumming the sand and hitting the sand with their claws and shells. Third, they performed both behaviors simultaneously. And fourth, they scrambled into their burrows and drummed the sand there, if and only if a female seemed interested. Recording vibrations for over 8,000 of these fiddler flirtations in total, the researchers found that the length, the loudness, and the rhythm of the crabs’ seismic signals differed depending on the crabs’ behavior — whether the crabs were drumming with their claws or hitting with their shells, for instance — allowing their behaviors to be differentiated based on their vibrations alone.Also shaping the males’ songs were their morphologies, with larger and smaller claws producing higher-energy and lower-energy seismic signals, respectively. “Larger claws have the advantage of overcoming seismic noise so that they can signal to females that are further away,” said Beth Mortimer, another study author and a biologist at the Animal Vibration Lab, according to the release. “However, the advantages are only observed for the percussive signals such as drumming and fortunately for smaller clawed crabs, these are only part of the courtship routine.”According to the team, the percussive signals of these crabs are advantageous for males, allowing them to attract females next to the sounds of the sea. But they’re also beneficial for females, too, making sure that the males they meet actually measure up. Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:Journal of Experimental Biology. Constraints on Percussive Seismic Signals in a Noisy Environment by European Fiddler Crabs, Afruca tangeri Sam Walters is a journalist covering archaeology, paleontology, ecology, and evolution for Discover, along with an assortment of other topics. Before joining the Discover team as an assistant editor in 2022, Sam studied journalism at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.