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SMASHINGMAGAZINE.COMNavigating The Challenges Of Modern Open-Source Authoring: Lessons LearnedThis article is a sponsored by StoryblokOpen source is the backbone of modern software development. As someone deeply involved in both community-driven and company-driven open source, Ive had the privilege of experiencing its diverse approaches firsthand. This article dives into what modern OSS (Open Source) authoring looks like, focusing on front-end JavaScript libraries such as TresJS and tools Ive contributed to at Storyblok.But let me be clear:Theres no universal playbook for OSS. Every language, framework, and project has its own workflows, rules, and culture and thats okay. These variations are what make open source so adaptable and diverse.The Art Of OSS AuthoringAuthoring an open-source project often begins with scratching your own itch solving a problem you face as a developer. But as your experiment gains traction, the challenge shifts to addressing diverse use cases while maintaining the simplicity and focus of the original idea.Take TresJS as an example. All I wanted was to add 3D to my personal Nuxt portfolio, but at that time, there wasnt a maintained, feature-rich alternative to React Three Fiber in VueJS. So, I decided to create one. Funny enough, after two years after the librarys launch, my portfolio remains unfinished.Community-driven OSS Authoring: Lessons From TresJSContinuing with TresJS as an example of a community-driven OSS project, the community has been an integral part of its growth, offering ideas, filing issues (around 531 in total), and submitting pull requests (around 936 PRs) of which 90% eventually made it to production. As an author, this is the best thing that can happen its probably one of the biggest reasons I fell in love with open source. The continuous collaboration creates an environment where new ideas can evolve into meaningful contributions.However, it also comes with its own challenges. The more ideas come in, the harder it becomes to maintain the projects focus on its original purpose.As authors, its our responsibility to keep the vision of the library clear even if that means saying no to great ideas from the community.Over time, some of the most consistent collaborators became part of a core team, helping to share the responsibility of maintaining the library and ensuring it stays aligned with its original goals.Another crucial aspect of scaling a project, especially one like TresJS, which has grown into an ecosystem of packages, is the ability to delegate. The more the project expands, the more essential it becomes to distribute responsibilities among contributors. Delegation helps in reducing the burden of the massive workload and empowers contributors to take ownership of specific areas. As a core author, its equally important to provide the necessary tools, CI workflows, and clear conventions to make the process of contributing as simple and efficient as possible. A well-prepared foundation ensures that new and existing collaborators can focus on what truly matters pushing the project forward.Company-driven OSS Authoring: The Storyblok PerspectiveNow that weve explored the bright spots and challenges of community-driven OSS lets jump into a different realm: company-driven OSS.I had experience with inner-source and open-source in previous companies, so I already had a grasp of how OSS works in the context of a company environment. However, my most meaningful experience would come later, specifically earlier this year, when I switched my role from DevRel to a full-time Developer Experience Engineer, and I say full-time because before taking the role, I was already contributing to Storybloks SDK ecosystem.At Storyblok, open source plays a crucial role in how we engage with developers and how they seamlessly use our product with their favorite framework. Our goal is to provide the same developer experience regardless of the flavor, making the experience of using Storyblok as simple, effective, and enjoyable as possible.To achieve this, its crucial to balance the needs of the developer community which often reflect the needs of the clients they work for with the companys broader goals. One of the things I find more challenging is managing expectations. For instance, while the community may want feature requests and bug fixes to be implemented quickly, the companys priorities might dictate focusing on stability, scalability, and often strategic integrations. Clear communication and prioritization are key to maintaining healthy alignment and trust between both sides.One of the unique advantages of company-driven open source is the availability of resources:Dedicated engineering time,Infrastructure (which many OSS authors often cannot afford),Access to knowledge from internal teams like design, QA, and product management.However, this setup often comes with the challenge of dealing with legacy codebases typically written by developers who may not be familiar with OSS principles. This can lead to inconsistencies in structure, testing, and documentation that require significant refactoring before the project can align with open-source best practices.Navigating The Spectrum: Community vs. CompanyI like to think of community-driven OSS as being like jazz musicfreeform, improvised, and deeply collaborative. In contrast, company-driven OSS resembles an orchestra, with a conductor guiding the performance and ensuring all the pieces fit together seamlessly.The truth is that most OSS projects if not the vast majority exist somewhere along this spectrum. For example, TresJS began as a purely community-driven project, but as it matured and gained traction, elements of structured decision-making more typical of company-driven projects became necessary to maintain focus and scalability. Together with the core team, we defined a vision and goals for the project to ensure it continued to grow without losing sight of its original purpose.Interestingly, the reverse is also true: Company-driven OSS can benefit significantly from the fast-paced innovation seen in community-driven projects.Many of the improvements Ive introduced to the Storyblok ecosystem since joining were inspired by ideas first explored in TresJS. For instance, migrating the TresJS ecosystem to pnpm workspaces demonstrated how streamlined dependency management could improve development workflows like playgrounds and e2e an approach we gradually adapted later for Storybloks ecosystem.Similarly, transitioning Storyblok testing from Jest to Vitest, with its improved performance and developer experience, was influenced by how testing is approached in community-driven projects. Likewise, our switch from Prettier to ESLints v9 flat configuration with auto-fix helped consolidate linting and formatting into a single workflow, streamlining developer productivity.Even more granular processes, such as modernizing CI workflows, found their way into Storyblok. TresJSs evolution from a single monolithic release action to granular steps for linting, testing, and building provided a blueprint for enhancing our pipelines at Storyblok. We also adopted continuous release practices inspired by pkg.pr.new, enabling faster delivery of incremental changes and testing package releases in real client projects to gather immediate feedback before merging the PRs.That said, TresJS also benefited from my experiences at Storyblok, which had a more mature and battle-tested ecosystem, particularly in adopting automated processes. For example, we integrated Dependabot to keep dependencies up to date and used auto-merge to reduce manual intervention for minor updates, freeing up contributors time for more meaningful work. We also implemented an automatic release pipeline using GitHub Actions, inspired by Storybloks workflows, ensuring smoother and more reliable releases for the TresJS ecosystem.The Challenges of Modern OSS AuthoringThroughout this article, weve touched on several modern OSS challenges, but if one deserves the crown, its managing breaking changes and maintaining compatibility. We know how fast the pace of technology is, especially on the web, and users expect libraries and tools to keep up with the latest trends. Im not the first person to say that hype-driven development can be fun, but it is inherently risky and not your best ally when building reliable, high-performance software especially in enterprise contexts.Breaking changes exist. Thats why semantic versioning comes into play to make our lives easier. However, it is equally important to balance innovation with stability. This becomes more crucial when introducing new features or refactoring for better performance, breaking existing APIs. One key lesson Ive learned particularly during my time at Storyblok is the importance of clear communication. Changelogs, migration guides, and deprecation warnings are invaluable tools to smoothen the transition for users.A practical example:My first project as a Developer Experience Engineer was introducing @storyblok/richtext, a library for rich-text processing that (at the time of writing) sees around 172k downloads per month. The library was crafted during my time as a DevRel, but transitioning users to it from the previous rich-text implementation across the ecosystem required careful planning. Since the library would become a dependency of the fundamental JS SDK and from there propagate to all the framework SDKs together with my manager, we planned a multi-month transition with a retro-compatible period before the major release. This included communication campaigns, thorough documentation, and gradual adoption to minimize disruption.Despite these efforts, mistakes happened and thats okay. During the rich-text transition, there were instances where updates didnt arrive on time or where communication and documentation were temporarily out of sync. This led to confusion within the community, which we addressed by providing timely support on GitHub issues and Discord. These moments served as reminders that even with semantic versioning, modular architectures, and meticulous planning, OSS authoring is never perfect. Mistakes are part of the process.And that takes us to the following point.ConclusionOpen-source authoring is a journey of continuous learning. Each misstep offers a chance to improve, and each success reinforces the value of collaboration and experimentation.Theres no perfect way to do OSS, and thats the beauty of it. Every project has its own set of workflows, challenges, and quirks shaped by the community and its contributors. These differences make open source adaptable, dynamic, fun, and, above all, impactful. No matter if youre building something entirely new or contributing to an existing project, remember that progress, not perfection, is the goal.So, keep contributing, experimenting, and sharing your work. Every pull request, issue, and idea you put forward brings value &mdashp not just to your project but to the broader ecosystem.Happy coding!0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 247 Visualizações
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DESIGN-MILK.COMAi Weiweis New Toy Brick Masterpieces Re-Mix Art HistoryWorld-famous artist, activist, and provocateur Ai Weiwei is currently exhibiting stunning new work at two different galleries in New York that reproduce famous paintings and news images on a massive scale all composed from hundreds of thousands of LEGO and WOMA bricks. Both exhibitions exceed expectations independently but benefit from a multiplication and amplification together. Visiting them both is an unmissable moment in the New York art world this winter. Heres a quick breakdown of each show and information on how to visit.Ai Weiweis What You See Is What You See at Faurschou New YorkInstallation view, Ai Weiwei What You See Is What You See at Faurschou New York \\\ Photo: Olympia Shannon, courtesy the artist & Faurschou New YorkFaurschou New York is a free private museum (and one the best hidden New York art gems) in Brooklyn. Here, Ai Weiweis exhibition What You See Is What You See showcases 12 massive toy brick works, made from either LEGO or WOMA blocks (the Chinese equivalent to LEGO, that can be distinguished by the lack of LEGO branding on the top of each peg).Ai Weiwei, Water Lilies #3 2023 (detail) \\\ Photo: David BehringerAi Weiweis massive Water Lilies #3 is the centerpiece here a toy brick recreation of Monets famous painting that hangs at MoMA, constructed from over 650,000 bricks that measures nearly 9 feet tall by 50 feet wide (bigger than the original!). It, like all the work here, is modified from the original version in more than its material: Weiweis version hosts a dark void on the right side that represents the doorway to an underground dugout where Weiwei spent the early years of his childhood with his father, exiled after his father opposed the Chinese government through his writings.Ai Weiwei, Water Lilies #3 2023 (detail) \\\ Photo: David BehringerIn the same room, a 13-foot-tall reproduction of Emanuel Leutzes Washington Crossing the Delaware has been modified to include Beijings National Stadium in the background a structure that Weiwei co-designed for the 2008 Olympics. Each work here provokes and questions on issues of politics, control, and identity that may offend some while inspiring courage in others. All fearlessly promoting free speech layered with a joyful play of material, color, childhood nostalgia, and jaw-dropping scale.Ai Weiwei, Washington Crossing the Delaware 2023 \\\ Courtesy the artist & Faurschou New YorkInstallation view, Ai Weiwei What You See Is What You See at Faurschou New York \\\ Photo:Olympia Shannon, courtesy the artist & Faurschou New YorkAnother stand out is The Last Supper in Turquoise (above), measuring nearly 12 feet tall by 24 feet wide, it feels like da Vincis famous image has been invaded by a screen-glitch of turquoise. Here the image of Judas is replaced with a self-portrait of Ai Weiwei himself, inviting a range of complex questions about how the artist sees himself or wants us to see him, but ALSO (if Im being totally honest) had me Googling which of the figures in the original painting is Judas. That experience of curiosity and additional investigation is a common experience with many of the works, as Weiwei always rewards those who dig a little deeper. My Google search also created a surreal experience of seeing the original on a tiny screen while standing in front of a massive physical pixel work that felt more real. The material, gridded mosaics, and colors all hover between the digital and the tactile which works phenomenally well with this highly-circulated images.Ai Weiwei, The Last Supper in Turquoise 2022 (detail) \\\ Photo: David BehringerAi Weiwei, The Last Supper in Turquoise 2022 (detail) \\\ Photo: David BehringerAn added surprise of standing within a foot of these works is the revelation that there are various-sized blocks in the works, not just square pixels. For example, notice in the image above that not all are bricks are 1x1s (with a single dot) but occasionally include larger 2x2s or 2x8s, an effect that causes you to be held longer to these images and continually move yourself in relation to them. Weiwei is a master of artworks that both confront and embrace, inviting both pure joy and hesitant discomfort that draws you in and resonates beyond the gallery experience.Installation view, Ai Weiwei What You See Is What You See at Faurschou New York \\\ Photo: Olympia Shannon, courtesy the artist & Faurschou New YorkAi Weiweis Childs Play at Vito Schnabel GalleryInstallation view, Ai Weiwei: Childs Play, Vito Schnabel Gallery, New York, NY, 2024; Artworks Ai Weiwei \\\ Photo: Argenis Apolinario, courtesy the artist and Vito Schnabel GalleryMeanwhile in Chelsea, Vito Schnabel Gallery presents an equally well-curated two-floor exhibition Ai Weiwei: Childs Play that Ive visited a number of times. Here youll find different source images dont miss the downstairs where youll find a Van Gogh and a Girl with a Pearl Earring as well as alternate versions of the works in Brooklyn that benefit from seeing both.Installation view, Ai Weiwei: Childs Play, Vito Schnabel Gallery, New York, NY, 2024; Artworks Ai Weiwei \\\ Photo: Argenis Apolinario, courtesy the artist and Vito Schnabel GalleryFor example, here at Vito Schnabel Gallery, Water Lilies #4 hangs on the largest wall another massive recreation but with colors that feel like someone cranked the saturation up to 100. Its nearly electric.Ai Weiwei Water Lilies #4 2022. Installation view, Ai Weiwei: Childs Play, Vito Schnabel Gallery, New York, NY, 2024; Artworks Ai Weiwei \\\ Photo: David Behringer, courtesy the artist and Vito Schnabel GalleryAi Weiwei Water Lilies #4 2022 (detail)Another highlight is the towering work (below) titled The U.S. Navy collecting the remnants of a Chinese high-altitude surveillance balloon shot down by an Air Force fighters. Sourced from a famous news image depicting the action described in its title, Weiwei has added a few elements to the image to link it visually to Washington Crossing the Delaware and confront the viewer with questions of our past, present, and future.Installation view, Ai Weiwei: Childs Play, Vito Schnabel Gallery, New York, NY, 2024; Artworks Ai Weiwei \\\ Photo: David Behringer, courtesy the artist and Vito Schnabel GalleryAi Weiwei, The U.S. Navy collecting the remnants of a Chinese high-altitude surveillance balloon shot down by an Air Force fighter 2023. Ai Weiwei \\\ Photo: Argenis Apolinario, courtesy the artist and Vito Schnabel GalleryAi Weiwei, Christinas World 2023. Ai Weiwei \\\ Photo: Argenis Apolinario, courtesy the artist andVito Schnabel GalleryMy personal favorite is Christinas World, a work that alters Andrew Wyeths 1948 painting in both color and background. Here the famous farmhouse at the top is replaced with what appears to be Ai Weiweis new studio in Portugal.Ai Weiwei, Ai Quadruplex in Dripping 2022. Ai Weiwei \\\ Photo: Argenis Apolinario, courtesy the artist and Vito Schnabel GalleryBoth exhibitions inspire awe, questions, conversation with an exceptional experience with material, process, and labor. I personally visited the Chelsea exhibition first, so visiting in either order is great. Information about locations and hours is below but if you cant visit in real life, I highly encourage a quick click on each of the exhibition websites below to see the many works I didnt feature here that push boundaries and inspire action. Ai Weiwei is also great to follow on Instagram where he posted a short video of the process of creating one of these.Ai Weiwei What You See Is What you See at Faurschou New York148 Green Street, Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New YorkOctober 24, 2024 February 25, 2025Open Thursdays-Sundays 12-7pmAi Weiwei Childs Play at Vito Schnabel Gallery455 W 19th St, New York, New YorkOctober 24, 2024 February 22, 2025Open Tuesdays-Saturdays 10am-6pm0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 136 Visualizações
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UXDESIGN.CCCustomer Support is often a way to measure the value of designWhy reducing customer complaints is something businesses pay attention toContinue reading on UX Collective0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 139 Visualizações
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WWW.ENGADGET.COMThe Morning After: TikTok lives to scroll another day (or 75)Almost immediately after taking office, President Donald Trump signed a swathe of executive orders including a reprieve for TikTok in the US.With the executive order, Trumps Justice Department will not enforce the Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act for 75 days, extending the time the company has to reach a deal.TikTok (and other ByteDance apps) went offline late Saturday, but the TikTok outage only lasted a matter of hours. Trump affirmed there would be no liability for any company that helped keep TikTok from going dark before my order. Trump also proposed a joint venture that would see US interests take a 50 percent stake in TikTok. Earlier on Monday, China (where ByteDance is based) signaled it was at least a little open to an arrangement with the US.TikToks rescue wasnt the only change President Trump announced. Read on, everyone.Coming up, weve got Samsungs big Unpacked event tomorrow, where we expect to see at least three new phones, a bunch of AI tricks and features of varying utility and who knows, maybe another wearable? Mat SmithThe other big storiesPresident Trump withdraws the US from the Paris climate agreement (again) So were just going to ignore what just happened in LA. and signs an executive order to rescind Bidens AI framework As big techs oligarchs and leaders applaud from the sidelines.Instagram is rushing out a new video editing app that sure sounds a lot like CapCut This weeks edition of social media rivals copying TikTok.X adds a dedicated video tab to fill the TikTok void This weeks edition of social media rivals copying TikTok. Part 2.Get this delivered direct to your inbox. Subscribe right here!The Nintendo Switch 2 is officialEverything we know so farNintendoTrump is president, and Nintendo has a new console. Its 2017 all over again. The company is keeping the technical details under wraps, but the teaser shows a bigger console, bigger Joy-Cons and possibly a smoother gaming experience, judging by the Mario Kart renders.Expect the full details during the Nintendo Direct on April 2, with the company planning a worldwide roadshow to let gamers go hands-on with the console. These events start in New York and Paris on April 3 to 6, with more taking place in the following months.Continue reading.What to expect at Samsungs Galaxy S25 Unpacked eventThe S25 series is on the way.A little update ahead of the big Unpacked show tomorrow: Leakers have posted numerous renders this past week comparing the different size options. A post from Ice Universe puts the S25 Slim at 6.4mm. However, the FCC certifications made public so far only appear to cover the familiar trio of flagships. So if a slim iteration does exist, it may not arrive until much later in the year.Continue reading.This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/general/the-morning-after-engadget-newsletter-121543030.html?src=rss0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 130 Visualizações
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WWW.TECHRADAR.COMOne of the worst Resident Evil games could be getting another re-release according to new ESRB ratingResident Evil 6, specifically, could be getting a current-generation release according to a new ESRB rating.0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 131 Visualizações
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WWW.TECHRADAR.COMNew leak suggests another Xbox 'Cipher' controller will be announced this monthMicrosoft is reportedly going to announce a new Xbox Wireless Controller later this month.0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 129 Visualizações
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WWW.CNBC.COMWhy U.S. tech companies struggle to replicate China's WeChat 'super app' modelWhile 'super apps' have flourished in Asia, their adoption in Western markets has been slower. But more tech companies seek to bring the same model to the U.S.0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 130 Visualizações
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WWW.FASTCOMPANY.COMTrump withdraws the U.S. from the Paris climate agreement, againPresident Donald Trump signed an executive order Monday directing the United States to again withdraw from the landmark Paris climate agreement, dealing a blow to worldwide efforts to combat global warming and once again distancing the U.S. from its closest allies.Trumps action, hours after he was sworn in to a second term, echoed his directive in 2017, when he announced that the U.S. would abandon the global Paris accord. The pact is aimed at limiting long-term global warming to 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) above pre-industrial levels or, failing that, keeping temperatures at least well below 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) above pre-industrial levels.Trump also signed a letter to the United Nations indicating his intention to withdraw from the 2015 agreement, which allows nations to provide targets to cut their own emissions of greenhouse gases from the burning of coal, oil and natural gas. Those targets are supposed to become more stringent over time, with countries facing a February 2025 deadline for new individual plans. The outgoing Biden administration last month offered a plan to cut U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by more than 60% by 2035.Trumps order says the Paris accord is among a number of international agreements that dont reflect U.S. values and steer American taxpayer dollars to countries that do not require, or merit, financial assistance in the interests of the American people.Instead of joining a global agreement, the United States successful track record of advancing both economic and environmental objectives should be a model for other countries, Trump said.Laurence Tubiana, CEO of the European Climate Foundation and a key architect of the Paris accord, called the planned U.S. withdrawal unfortunate but said action to slow climate change is stronger than any single countrys politics and policies.The global context for Trumps action is very different to 2017, Tubiana said Monday, adding that there is unstoppable economic momentum behind the global transition, which the U.S has gained from and led but now risks forfeiting.The International Energy Agency expects the global market for key clean energy technologies to triple to more than $2 trillion by 2035, she said.The impacts of the climate crisis are also worsening. The terrible wildfires in Los Angeles are the latest reminder that Americans, like everyone else, are affected by worsening climate change, Tubiana said.Gina McCarthy, who served as White House climate adviser under President Joe Biden, a Democrat, said that if Trump, a Republican, truly wants America to lead the global economy, become energy independent and create good-paying American jobs, then he must stay focused on growing our clean energy industry. Clean technologies are driving down energy costs for people all across our country.The world is now long-term 2.3 degrees Fahrenheit (1.3 degrees Celsius) above mid-1800s temperatures. Most but not all climate monitoring agencies said global temperatures last year passed the warming mark of 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, and all said it was the warmest year on record.The withdrawal process from the Paris accord takes one year. Trumps previous withdrawal took effect the day after the 2020 presidential election, which he lost to Biden.While the first Trump-led withdrawal from the landmark U.N. agreement adopted by 196 nations shocked and angered nations across the globe, not a single country followed the U.S. out the door, said Alden Meyer, a longtime climate negotiations analyst with the European think tank E3G.Instead, other nations renewed their commitment to slowing climate change, along with investors, businesses, governors, mayors and others in the U.S., Meyer and other experts said.Still, they lamented the loss of U.S. leadership in global efforts to slow climate change, even as the world is on track to set yet another record hot year and has been lurching from drought to hurricane to flood to wildfire.Clearly America is not going to play the commanding role in helping solve the climate crisis, the greatest dilemma humans have ever encountered, said climate activist and writer Bill McKibben. For the next few years the best we can hope is that Washington wont manage to wreck the efforts of others.About half of Americans somewhat or strongly oppose U.S. action to withdraw from the climate accord, and even Republicans arent overwhelmingly in favor, according according to a poll from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. Only about 2 in 10 U.S. adults somewhat or strongly in favor of withdrawing from the Paris agreement, while about one-quarter are neutral.Much of the opposition to U.S. withdrawal comes from Democrats, but Republicans display some ambivalence as well. Slightly less than half of Republicans are in favor of withdrawing from the climate accord, while about 2 in 10 are opposed.China several years ago passed the United States as the worlds largest annual carbon dioxide emitting nation. The U.S. the second biggest annual carbon polluting country put 4.9 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide in the air in 2023, down 11% from a decade earlier, according to the scientists who track emissions for the Global Carbon Project.But carbon dioxide lasts in the atmosphere for centuries, so the United States has put more of the heat-trapping gas that is now in the air than any other nation. The U.S. is responsible for nearly 22% of the carbon dioxide put in the atmosphere since 1950, according to Global Carbon Project.While global efforts to fight climate change continued during Trumps first term, many experts worry that a second Trump term will be more damaging, with the United States withdrawing even further from climate efforts in a way that could cripple future presidents efforts. With Trump, who has dismissed climate change, in charge of the worlds leading economy, those experts fear other countries, especially China, could use it as an excuse to ease off their own efforts to curb carbon emissions.Simon Stiell, the U.N. climate change executive secretary, held out hope that the U.S. would continue to embrace the global clean energy boom.Ignoring it only sends all that vast wealth to competitor economies, while climate disasters like droughts, wildfires and superstorms keep getting worse, Stiell said. The door remains open to the Paris Agreement, and we welcome constructive engagement from any and all countries.Associated Press writer Linley Sanders contributed to this report.The Associated Press climate and environmental coverage receives financial support from multiple private foundations. The AP is solely responsible for all content. Find the APs standards for working with philanthropies, a list of supporters and funded coverage areas at AP.org.Mattthew Daly and Seth Borenstein, Associated Press0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 130 Visualizações
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WWW.FASTCOMPANY.COMHow U.S. withdrawal from the WHO could impact global heathPresident Donald Trump is pulling the U.S. out of the World Health Organization, raising concerns about the U.N. agencys ability to fight diseases and respond to emergencies around the globe without its biggest funder.Here are facts about U.S. financing for global health and potential implications of Trumps move, which could be followed by further cuts to international contributions.BIGGEST DONORThe U.S. contributes about 18% of funding for the WHO, which is struggling to raise cash for health emergencies from Gaza to Ukraine. The agencys two-year budget for 2024-2025 was $6.8 billion.In that period, the U.S. financed 75% of WHOs programme for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases and over half of contributions to combat tuberculosis, the agencys data showed.The U.S. is the worlds top global health donor by far, giving $15.8 billion in 2022, according to Donor Tracker, a platform tracking development funding.PANDEMIC TREATYTrump is also sceptical about WHO-led negotiations for a post-COVID-19 pandemic agreement aimed at improving global solidarity when the next health threat strikes.Billionaire Trump ally Elon Musk has said nations should not cede authority to the WHO. The U.S. will cease negotiations on the treaty while its withdrawal proceeds.GENEVA PERSONNELTrumps order also said that U.S. staff and contractors working with the WHO would be recalled and reassigned.The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has worked closely with the WHO, seconding about 30 staff to Geneva and collaborating on research and outbreaks.There are also a number of WHO Collaborating Centres in America.DISEASE SURVEILLANCEThe U.S., like other WHO member states, is part of a global influenza surveillance network supervised by the WHO.Among other things, the group advises on the composition of the annual seasonal flu vaccine.Beyond its work with the WHO, the U.S. also funds many other global health programmes.AIDSThe U.S. is a major funder in the fight against HIV. Much of that comes from PEPFAR, the U.S. Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).It was only reauthorised by Congress for one year last year after conservative claims that some grant recipients promote abortion. That authorisation expires in March.ABORTIONIn his last term, Trump reinstated the so-called Mexico City Policy, requiring foreign charities receiving U.S. family planning funds to certify they do not provide abortions or give abortion advice.He extended the policy, known by critics as the global gag rule, by cracking down on charities that fund other groups that support abortion. Trump also cut funding to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), which works on reproductive health.VACCINESWith vaccine-sceptic Robert F. Kennedy Junior nominated as secretary of state for health, the Trump administrations approach to vaccinations both domestically and internationally is unclear.However, during Trumps last administration, contributions to the global vaccine group Gavi stayed roughly the same as under his Democratic predecessor and successor at the White House.Funding also stayed at a similar level for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, another major global health player.RESEARCH AND RESPONSEHealth agencies in the United States respond to emergencies and outbreaks worldwide, and also set norms and standards for medicines and safety through the Food and Drugs Administration and the CDC.The National Institutes of Health is one the worlds leading research centres and funds global health work around the world, from efforts to fight mpox to Ebola.The global role of the U.S. in these areas under Trump is not yet clear, and will likely be led to an extent by events and priorities. For example, Trump set up Operation Warp Speed, to work on COVID-19 vaccines, during the pandemic.Jennifer Rigby and Emma Farge, Reuters0 Comentários 0 Compartilhamentos 129 Visualizações