As a global labor shortage leaves 50 million positions unfilled across industries like manufacturing and logistics, Hexagon — a global leader in measurement technologies — is developing humanoid robots that can lend a helping hand. Industrial sectors depend on skilled workers to perform a variety of error-prone tasks, including operating high-precision scanners for reality capture — the process of capturing digital data to replicate the real world in simulation. At the Hexagon LIVE Global conference, Hexagon’s robotics division today unveiled AEON — a new humanoid robot built in collaboration with NVIDIA that’s engineered to perform a wide range of industrial applications, from manipulation and asset inspection to reality capture and operator support. Hexagon plans to deploy AEON across automotive, transportation, aerospace, manufacturing, warehousing and logistics. Future use cases for AEON include: Reality capture, which involves automatic planning and then scanning of assets, industrial spaces and environments to generate 3D models. The captured data is then used for advanced visualization and collaboration in the Hexagon Digital Reality (HxDR) platform powering Hexagon Reality Cloud Studio (RCS). Manipulation tasks, such as sorting and moving parts in various industrial and manufacturing settings. Part inspection, which includes checking parts for defects or ensuring adherence to specifications. Industrial operations, including highly dexterous technical tasks like machinery operations, teleoperation and scanning parts using high-end scanners. “The age of general-purpose robotics has arrived, due to technological advances in simulation and physical AI,” said Deepu Talla, vice president of robotics and edge AI at NVIDIA. “Hexagon’s new AEON humanoid embodies the integration of NVIDIA’s three-computer robotics platform and is making a significant leap forward in addressing industry-critical challenges.” Using NVIDIA’s Three Computers to Develop AEON  To build AEON, Hexagon used NVIDIA’s three computers for developing and deploying physical AI systems. They include AI supercomputers to train and fine-tune powerful foundation models; the NVIDIA Omniverse platform, running on NVIDIA OVX servers, for testing and optimizing these models in simulation environments using real and physically based synthetic data; and NVIDIA IGX Thor robotic computers to run the models. Hexagon is exploring using NVIDIA accelerated computing to post-train the NVIDIA Isaac GR00T N1.5 open foundation model to improve robot reasoning and policies, and tapping Isaac GR00T-Mimic to generate vast amounts of synthetic motion data from a few human demonstrations. AEON learns many of its skills through simulations powered by the NVIDIA Isaac platform. Hexagon uses NVIDIA Isaac Sim, a reference robotic simulation application built on Omniverse, to simulate complex robot actions like navigation, locomotion and manipulation. These skills are then refined using reinforcement learning in NVIDIA Isaac Lab, an open-source framework for robot learning. https://blogs.nvidia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Copy-of-robotics-hxgn-live-blog-1920x1080-1.mp4 This simulation-first approach enabled Hexagon to fast-track its robotic development, allowing AEON to master core locomotion skills in just 2-3 weeks — rather than 5-6 months — before real-world deployment. In addition, AEON taps into NVIDIA Jetson Orin onboard computers to autonomously move, navigate and perform its tasks in real time, enhancing its speed and accuracy while operating in complex and dynamic environments. Hexagon is also planning to upgrade AEON with NVIDIA IGX Thor to enable functional safety for collaborative operation. “Our goal with AEON was to design an intelligent, autonomous humanoid that addresses the real-world challenges industrial leaders have shared with us over the past months,” said Arnaud Robert, president of Hexagon’s robotics division. “By leveraging NVIDIA’s full-stack robotics and simulation platforms, we were able to deliver a best-in-class humanoid that combines advanced mechatronics, multimodal sensor fusion and real-time AI.” Data Comes to Life Through Reality Capture and Omniverse Integration  AEON will be piloted in factories and warehouses to scan everything from small precision parts and automotive components to large assembly lines and storage areas. Captured data comes to life in RCS, a platform that allows users to collaborate, visualize and share reality-capture data by tapping into HxDR and NVIDIA Omniverse running in the cloud. This removes the constraint of local infrastructure. “Digital twins offer clear advantages, but adoption has been challenging in several industries,” said Lucas Heinzle, vice president of research and development at Hexagon’s robotics division. “AEON’s sophisticated sensor suite enables the integration of reality data capture with NVIDIA Omniverse, streamlining workflows for our customers and moving us closer to making digital twins a mainstream tool for collaboration and innovation.” AEON’s Next Steps By adopting the OpenUSD framework and developing on Omniverse, Hexagon can generate high-fidelity digital twins from scanned data — establishing a data flywheel to continuously train AEON. This latest work with Hexagon is helping shape the future of physical AI — delivering scalable, efficient solutions to address the challenges faced by industries that depend on capturing real-world data. Watch the Hexagon LIVE keynote, explore presentations and read more about AEON. All imagery courtesy of Hexagon.

From the heart of Germany’s automotive sector to manufacturing hubs across France and Italy, Europe is embracing industrial AI and advanced AI-powered robotics to address labor shortages, boost productivity and fuel sustainable economic growth. Robotics companies are developing humanoid robots and collaborative systems that integrate AI into real-world manufacturing applications. Supported by a $200 billion investment initiative and coordinated efforts from the European Commission, Europe is positioning itself at the forefront of the next wave of industrial automation, powered by AI. This momentum is on full display at Automatica — Europe’s premier conference on advancements in robotics, machine vision and intelligent manufacturing — taking place this week in Munich, Germany. NVIDIA and its ecosystem of partners and customers are showcasing next-generation robots, automation and AI technologies designed to accelerate the continent’s leadership in smart manufacturing and logistics. NVIDIA Technologies Boost Robotics Development  Central to advancing robotics development is Europe’s first industrial AI cloud, announced at NVIDIA GTC Paris at VivaTech earlier this month. The Germany-based AI factory, featuring 10,000 NVIDIA GPUs, provides European manufacturers with secure, sovereign and centralized AI infrastructure for industrial workloads. It will support applications ranging from design and engineering to factory digital twins and robotics. To help accelerate humanoid development, NVIDIA released NVIDIA Isaac GR00T N1.5 — an open foundation model for humanoid robot reasoning and skills. This update enhances the model’s adaptability and ability to follow instructions, significantly improving its performance in material handling and manufacturing tasks. To help post-train GR00T N1.5, NVIDIA has also released the Isaac GR00T-Dreams blueprint — a reference workflow for generating vast amounts of synthetic trajectory data from a small number of human demonstrations — enabling robots to generalize across behaviors and adapt to new environments with minimal human demonstration data. In addition, early developer previews of NVIDIA Isaac Sim 5.0 and Isaac Lab 2.2 — open-source robot simulation and learning frameworks optimized for NVIDIA RTX PRO 6000 workstations — are now available on GitHub. Image courtesy of Wandelbots. Robotics Leaders Tap NVIDIA Simulation Technology to Develop and Deploy Humanoids and More  Robotics developers and solutions providers across the globe are integrating NVIDIA’s three computers to train, simulate and deploy robots. NEURA Robotics, a German robotics company and pioneer for cognitive robots, unveiled the third generation of its humanoid, 4NE1, designed to assist humans in domestic and professional environments through advanced cognitive capabilities and humanlike interaction. 4NE1 is powered by GR00T N1 and was trained in Isaac Sim and Isaac Lab before real-world deployment. NEURA Robotics is also presenting Neuraverse, a digital twin and interconnected ecosystem for robot training, skills and applications, fully compatible with NVIDIA Omniverse technologies. Delta Electronics, a global leader in power management and smart green solutions, is debuting two next-generation collaborative robots: D-Bot Mar and D-Bot 2 in 1 — both trained using Omniverse and Isaac Sim technologies and libraries. These cobots are engineered to transform intralogistics and optimize production flows. Wandelbots, the creator of the Wandelbots NOVA software platform for industrial robotics, is partnering with SoftServe, a global IT consulting and digital services provider, to scale simulation-first automating using NVIDIA Isaac Sim, enabling virtual validation and real-world deployment with maximum impact. Cyngn, a pioneer in autonomous mobile robotics, is integrating its DriveMod technology into Isaac Sim to enable large-scale, high fidelity virtual testing of advanced autonomous operation. Purpose-built for industrial applications, DriveMod is already deployed on vehicles such as the Motrec MT-160 Tugger and BYD Forklift, delivering sophisticated automation to material handling operations. Doosan Robotics, a company specializing in AI robotic solutions, will showcase its “sim to real” solution, using NVIDIA Isaac Sim and cuRobo. Doosan will be showcasing how to seamlessly transfer tasks from simulation to real robots across a wide range of applications — from manufacturing to service industries. Franka Robotics has integrated Isaac GR00T N1.5 into a dual-arm Franka Research 3 (FR3) robot for robotic control. The integration of GR00T N1.5 allows the system to interpret visual input, understand task context and autonomously perform complex manipulation — without the need for task-specific programming or hardcoded logic. Image courtesy of Franka Robotics. Hexagon, the global leader in measurement technologies, launched its new humanoid, dubbed AEON. With its unique locomotion system and multimodal sensor fusion, and powered by NVIDIA’s three-computer solution, AEON is engineered to perform a wide range of industrial applications, from manipulation and asset inspection to reality capture and operator support. Intrinsic, a software and AI robotics company, is integrating Intrinsic Flowstate with  Omniverse and OpenUSD for advanced visualization and digital twins that can be used in many industrial use cases. The company is also using NVIDIA foundation models to enhance robot capabilities like grasp planning through AI and simulation technologies. SCHUNK, a global leader in gripping systems and automation technology, is showcasing its innovative grasping kit powered by the NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin module. The kit intelligently detects objects and calculates optimal grasping points. Schunk is also demonstrating seamless simulation-to-reality transfer using IGS Virtuous software — built on Omniverse technologies — to control a real robot through simulation in a pick-and-place scenario. Universal Robots is showcasing UR15, its fastest cobot yet. Powered by the UR AI Accelerator — developed with NVIDIA and running on Jetson AGX Orin using CUDA-accelerated Isaac libraries — UR15 helps set a new standard for industrial automation. Vention, a full-stack software and hardware automation company, launched its Machine Motion AI, built on CUDA-accelerated Isaac libraries and powered by Jetson. Vention is also expanding its lineup of robotic offerings by adding the FR3 robot from Franka Robotics to its ecosystem, enhancing its solutions for academic and research applications. Image courtesy of Vention. Learn more about the latest robotics advancements by joining NVIDIA at Automatica, running through Friday, June 27. 

By Peter D. Geldart (Petra Books, 2025) The post-WWII years brought a need to house returned veterans and their new families, along with an excitement about new types and forms of housing. Working in the spirit of the age, 35-year-old Ottawa architect James Strutt in 1959 worked with six clients on round houses—a set of designs intended to reduce building costs by using materials most efficiently, while creating modernist, open-plan spaces.  The designs, inspired by the work of Buckminster Fuller and Frank Lloyd Wright, were for single-floor structures in which a curve of rooms and an open living-dining area surround a central hexagonal service core built of concrete block. The whole is topped by a geometrically complex roof, shaped using tongue-and-groove Western Red Cedar to create a hyperbolic paraboloid, or saddle-like shape. Strutt’s own family home of 1956, built according a similar scheme over six weeks for less than $1,800, survives in the Gatineau Hills, near Ottawa, and is being rehabilitated by the National Capital Commission. Author Peter D. Geldart’s family were the original residents of a Strutt-designed round house. Geldart, who has a background in architecture, gives a thorough overview of the architectural drawings of the six round houses using Strutt’s original hand-drawn materials, now held at the National Archives of Canada. These show variations on the theme, with schemes varying from 1,400 to 2,000 square feet, and extra wings swapped out for carports.  By publishing this material, Geldart hopes to contribute to a contemporary revival of Strutt’s ideas. “Is the concept of a ‘low-cost house of 1,000 sq. ft.’ viable in the 21st century?” he asks. “While the house was built to the standards of the day, it can now be built using modern materials and techniques.”  As appeared in the June 2025 issue of Canadian Architect magazine  The post Book Review: The Round Houses of 1959 Designed by Architect James Strutt appeared first on Canadian Architect.

ZDNET's key takeaways The 12-inch Microsoft Surface Pro is available now starting at $799 for the Platinum color, and $899 for the new Violet and Ocean colors. The 12-inch version is exceedingly thin and light with a fast-charging battery, and the refreshed form factor looks more premium. The 256GB of storage is not enough for a device at this price point, and the cost adds up quickly, as the keyboard, mouse, and even the power adapter are sold separately. more buying choices Microsoft's 2025 12-inch Surface Pro is thinner, lighter, and a little more affordable, with a battery-efficient Snapdragon X Plus processor and refreshed design. The latest version of the Surface Pro rounds out the lineup with a more affordable option focused on ultra-long battery life, new colors, and redesigned accessories to show off Windows' latest Copilot+ PC features. Also: I recommend this HP laptop to creatives and business pros alike - especially at nearly 50% offI recently replaced my laptop with the 12-inch Surface Pro for more than two weeks now, and the Surface Pro seems to me to be more of an addition to the current lineup than a standalone upgrade, particularly in comparison to the enterprise models Microsoft released in January.The 2025 Surface Pro has relatively modest hardware, with 16GB of RAM and 256GB or 512GB of UFS storage, instead targeting a more everyday consumer who makes use of on-device AI and appreciates the ultraportability.  details View at Best Buy Besides the smaller form factor, this year's Surface Pro comes in two new colors: Violet and Ocean (a blueish gray). The default Platinum color starts at $799, whereas the other two will run you $899, bringing the starting price a little further away from that advertised low price (and we haven't even bought the keyboard yet). I must admit that the design on the 12-inch tablet looks better. It looks more like a premium tablet (and more like an iPad) with rounded corners, thin bezels, and the webcam moved to the back corner of the device. Also: Microsoft unveils new AI agent customization and oversight features at Build 2025Additionally, I'm a fan of the new Violet and Ocean colorways, which aren't what I'd call "bold", but at least they're not the same desaturated pastels we see everywhere else. The colors extend to the Surface Pro keyboards, which are updated by removing the alcantara fabric on the front of the keyboard for a cleaner, monochromatic matte look. Instead, the fabric is relegated to the back of the keyboard case, which has a more premium tablet feel for storage and transport. The Surface keyboard is functional and satisfying to type on, with springy keys and a responsive, premium trackpad.  Kyle Kucharski/ZDNETAdditionally, the tablet snaps to the keyboard a little tighter and closer to the tablet now, with no gap in the hinge, giving it a slightly smaller footprint on the desk. The Surface Pen also magnetically snaps to the back of the 12-inch instead of storing on the keyboard. This requires you to store the device with the fabric facing down, as you don't want to squish the pen. When throwing the Surface Pro in a bag, the Pen also tends to stay put but can come unattached if you're not paying attention. Microsoft wants to show off its new AI-driven Copilot+ features, and the 12-inch Surface Pro is a good conduit for marketing them to the consumer, especially with its attractive price point and the 45 TOPS Qualcomm Hexagon NPU. Also: I've tested dozens of work laptops - but I'd take this Lenovo to the office everydayFor example, the long-awaited Recall feature is still in Preview mode, but it's getting closer to a useful state. Other applications that leverage AI processes, particularly ones for creators like Capcut, Davinci Resolve, and DJay Pro should feel smooth and snappy. This makes it a very AI-ready device for everyday users who don't need high-end hardware for demanding creative projects.  Kyle Kucharski/ZDNETRunning Windows on Qualcomm's Snapdragon X Plus chip shouldn't be too much of a problem for most users in this category, as the areas that saw the most issues with compatibility, like gaming and connecting to legacy software, are more likely not to apply to the targeted user. The 12-inch Surface Pro's modest hardware positions itself as a competitive device in the family's lineup. The aforementioned 16GB of RAM and max 512GB of storage, paired with the Snapdragon X Plus and 2196 x 1464 resolution (220 PPI) LCD display that targets everyday users, while its 13-inch siblings can be loaded up with more premium hardware. Also: This ultraportable Windows laptop raised the bar for the MacBook Air (and everything else)That being said, the Snapdragon X Plus processor is snappy and responsive, excelling at tasks that the average consumer cares about: fast startup and app load times, smooth multitasking, and solid battery performance, whether in laptop or tablet mode. During my benchmarking of the 12-inch Surface Pro, I got numbers that place it around other thin and light laptops in the same price range, including Asus' Zenbook A14, which also features the Snapdragon X Plus processor, and HP's OmniBook X 14, one of the first Copilot+ PCs with the Snapdragon X Elite chip from 2024.  Cinebench 24 MCGeekbench 6.2.2 SCGeekbench 6.2.2 MC12-inch Microsoft Surface Pro (Snapdragon X Plus)4182,2529,555Asus Zenbook A14 (Snapdragon X Plus)5412,13310,624HP Omnibook X (Snapdragon X Elite)4702,32613,160 Show more The display is sharp and crisp, but it does cap out at 400 nits of brightness and a 90Hz refresh rate. Since it's a tablet, it's also quite glossy. In the office, for example, I found myself readjusting the device's angle numerous times throughout the day to account for glare from overhead lighting. Also: How to clear the cache on your Windows 11 PC (and why it makes such a big difference)Speaking of using the Surface Pro in the office, it works equally well as a laptop or a tablet, depending on what you need. Detached from the keyboard and armed with the Surface Pen, it becomes a snappy productivity tablet that allows for note taking, prototyping, and freeform idea generation in Windows' Whiteboard app. You can also assign different actions to the Pen, including starting apps or performing functions with the button on the device or the "clicky" on the end. I will say that the Pen's performance can be variable, though. If you're running multiple programs open in the background, you might notice lag while writing, especially if you're moving quickly.  Kyle Kucharski/ZDNETSimilarly, the location of the front-facing HD camera means that it has a slightly downward-up orientation while connected to the keyboard, as the kickstand can only prop it up so high. Consider a clamshell laptop, for example, which can sit at a 90-degree angle or less. In that sense, untethering the keyboard and using it as a tablet might be more optimal for users who make frequent video calls. Also: The best laptops for graphic designers in 2025: Expert tested and reviewedRegarding battery life, the Snapdragon X Plus processor ensures that it drains at a mere trickle when the device is not in use, and is good enough for over a full day's worth of work on one charge. Microsoft advertises 16 hours of battery life, and I got a little over 15 in our video playback test. Regarding more sustained use, I got over 10 hours on a single charge, which isn't far off from the advertised 12 hours without using all the max battery efficiency settings. Couple this with the fact that the Surface Pro charges extremely fast. From a completely dead battery, you'll get to about 50% in 30 minutes, and around 80% in an hour. Of the Surface Pro family, the 12-inch is certainly the most battery efficient and the fastest to charge. ZDNET's buying adviceThe 12-inch Microsoft Surface Pro completes the family's lineup with a thinner, lighter, and more battery-efficient tablet/laptop hybrid with refreshed colors and design. It comes with slightly more modest hardware (16GB of RAM, 256GB of storage) for a lower starting price of $799. If you're looking for a functional 2-in-1 tablet/laptop, enjoy using a stylus, and don't need a ton of local storage, it's a great option, especially for its long-lasting battery. It's an all-around sharp-looking device, and the premium keyboard case provides a satisfying tactile experience. Also: How to clear the cache on your Windows 11 PC (and why it makes such a big difference)The cost of the Surface Pro can quickly add up, however, as the Surface Keyboard, Surface Arc mouse, and power adapter are sold separately, bringing the final cost over the $1,000 mark. Combined with the low amount of local storage and modest memory, I'd recommend this device for users who are committed to the 12-inch form factor and want reliable battery life. Looking for the next best product? Get expert reviews and editor favorites with ZDNET Recommends.Featured reviews

Data centers : les Hauts-de-France rêvent de devenir la vallée européenne de l’intelligence artificielle Le projet du fonds canadien Brookfield à Cambrai, dans le Nord, vise à créer un data center consommant l’équivalent de la production d’un réacteur nucléaire. Article réservé aux abonnés Des serveurs du centre de données de la société française OVHcloud, à Roubaix (Nord), le 3 avril 2025. SAMEER AL-DOUMY/AFP Après la « vallée de la batterie électrique », qui se met en place progressivement malgré des retards, les Hauts-de-France vont-ils devenir la « vallée européenne de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) » ? C’est, en tout cas, l’ambition affichée par le gouvernement lors de l’édition 2025 de Choose France, le 19 mai, en déclarant vouloir faire de cette région industrielle en pleine reconversion « le plus grand cluster d’infrastructures d’IA en Europe, avec une capacité électrique totale cible de plus de 2 gigawatts (GW) ». Les Hauts-de-France ont effectivement leur carte à jouer : elles regroupent 16 des 65 sites identifiés par l’Etat, susceptibles d’accueillir « clés en mains » des centres de données en France. Lire aussi | Sommet Choose France : l’Elysée annonce des milliards d’investissements, notamment dans les data centers Si Microsoft a abandonné ses trois projets dans la région en janvier, le fonds canadien Brookfield Asset Management, qui compte investir 20 milliards d’euros pour le développement de l’IA en France, a confirmé son arrivée dans le nord du pays. A travers Data4, sa plateforme de centres de données, son plus gros investissement (10 milliards d’euros) dans l’Hexagone se fera sur le site E-Valley, aménagé sur l’ancienne base aérienne militaire de Cambrai, où d’immenses entrepôts rassemblent le plus grand centre logistique d’Europe. Il vous reste 73.32% de cet article à lire. La suite est réservée aux abonnés.

Montech is Targeting Thermalright: Cheap Air Coolers, Sky 3 Case, Micro-ATX, X5, & MoreMay 26, 2025Last Updated: 2025-05-26We take a look at several of Montech’s upcoming cases and coolers, which the company showed off at Computex 2025The HighlightsMontech is preparing to launch new air coolers to battle Thermalright, especially when it comes to pricingMontech is trying to take over the space that DeepCool left in the US marketMontech is releasing several new cases in the coming months that include the Sky 3, King 45, King 15, X5 budget case, X5M, the "ten," and moreTable of ContentsAutoTOC Grab a GN15 All-Over Print Component Mouse Mat for a high-quality mousing surface that'll fit your keyboard & mouse. These mouse mats use a high-quality yellow rubber underside, a blue stitched border for fray resistance, and are covered in PC parts. This is the best way to support our work and keeps us ad-free to support consumer-first reviews!IntroEvery single cooler company we talk to does not understand how Thermalright can have the prices that they have. The only thing we can think of is their factory relationships, but the point is that it’s become a serious challenge for others to compete on price. Montech is trying to compete with Thermalright on price and attempting to replace DeepCool’s spot in the market. Before DeepCool got kicked out of America, which is a hell of a thing to put on your resume, the company really started dominating in the cooler market before Thermalright came in and kicked their ass on price. Where DeepCool was able to compete was in build quality. So, Montech is looking at that and they want to take that part of the market.Editor's note: This was originally published on May 17, 2025 as a video. This content has been adapted to written format for this article and is unchanged from the original publication.CreditsHost, WritingSteve BurkeVideo Editing, CameraMike GaglioneVitalii MakhnovetsWriting, Web EditingJimmy ThangMontech specifically told us that its objective is to sort of compete with Themalright, which is everybody’s objective.  NX400 CPU CoolerLooking at one of Montech’s new CPU coolers, the NX400, the company pointed out that its fan is 28mm, which should help with pressure and performance. Pricing on the single-tower NX400 (non ARGB) is supposed to be $25.90. When you’re down to the 10 cent mark, that’s how you know there is zero margin left in the product.  The cooler uses a 2-post mount. It has a C-shaped bracket for the actual board. There is no offset mounting for AM5. The one thing we’re curious about is how much an offset mount might or might not matter for the 4-heat-pipe approach. The cooler is supposed to sort of be as cheap as possible while still actually being kind of good. This is a very fiercely fought over category right now, which is a good thing. Again, Montech is using 28mm fans. Typically fans are 25mm, but that has been scaling upwards. The reason for this is to increase static-pressure performance. When you stick a fan onto a fin stack, you introduce a ton of resistance behind it. This is the nature of a heat sink as opposed to a fan on the front of a case, where it’s basically accessing the open air and the only thing it’s fighting is whatever’s in front of it to filter the dust or perhaps glass. As the cost for larger fans starts to come down (as more people make them) then we should see the prevalence of more, larger fans. We asked Montech if they’ve done a comparison testing of a 25mm fan vs 28mm one and the company told us it did. Montech says that on the NX400, there was about a 1 to 2 degree difference in favor of the larger fan, which makes sense and is actually a large difference for an air cooler.    Again the non RGB NX400 will cost about $26 whereas the ARGB variant will cost about $30. NX600 CPU CoolerThe NX600 is a 6-heat-pipe version of the NX400 that uses a 2-tower approach to its design. Its price is currently TBD, but it sounds like it may be in the $40-$50 price range from what we’ve heard. It will also use 30mm-thick fans but there are 2 of them. Its cold plate uses an enclosed nickel-plated copper base plate with 6 heat pipes going through it.   Montech X5 and X5M CasesWe originally talked about how Montech used a “molex centipede” for its X3 case, which was a bunch of daisy-chained molex connectors, but that’s gone with the company’s X5 case, which is supposed to kind of replace that series. The X5 is targeting $75.It has a wavy mesh front panel. Montech is experimenting with either painting or placing a sticker on the case to make it look like carbon fiber. They kind of did that with a wood veneer in the past. It’s not real carbon fiber, but that shouldn't be expected out of a $75 case. They tended to do pretty well overall thermally despite using cheaper quality fans. Hopefully the company will be able to deliver on that front again because the below $80 case market is largely dead. The 4000D was supposed to be a case around $80 and that was kind of the last major one that was really successful. So, it’s nice seeing a $75 case, especially if it’s not made out of scrap metal. Internally, the case comes with 3x140mm fans in front and 1x120mm on the back. The reason the X3 was so interesting was the amount of fans it provided for the price. As a matter of fact, we started paying attention to Montech due to their super cheap cases coming with a lot of fans. Looking at the back, we can see that they colored all of the wires white in an attempt to match the rest of the case. The plastic isn’t the same white exactly, but that’s apparently hard to do across all of the different materials like metal, plastic, and rubber. On a $75 case, that isn’t as big of a deal, though.  Looking at the PSU shroud, there’s an option to mount 120mm fans, though there isn’t a ton of room against the power supply. There is some ventilation on the side, however, which might help the GPU.  The case also has an integrated GPU support. Otherwise, the case is simple and cheap. The X5M, which is smaller and aimed at MicroATX, is targeting $60. Pricing is higher than what Montech wanted to target as a result of cost increases and potential tariffs, etc.Montech Sky Case Grab a GN15 Large Anti-Static Modmat to celebrate our 15th Anniversary and for a high-quality PC building work surface. The Modmat features useful PC building diagrams and is anti-static conductive. Purchases directly fund our work! (or consider a direct donation or a Patreon contribution!)The thing that jumps out to us about this case is its canted tray for its 2 bottom fans, which are reverse blade ones that act as intake. On the back of the case, it has large ventilated holes both vertically and horizontally. Taking the back panel off, one thing we’d like to see is refinement on the magnetic filters. Currently, they’re not done yet but you can see a lot of metal ending up in the hexagon-shaped cut-outs. If they could punch out larger holes or use a finer mesh and get rid of the dust filter or something like that, that would help a lot with thermal performance and letting air through. Looking at the glass side panel, we can see an alternative to traditional Pogo pins, which are used to power the case’s light strip. This design is supposed to be more resilient to damage and it’s located towards the front corner of the case and Montech says this design was incorporated to avoid breaking. Overall, we have some critiques to the case, but it's finalized. The biggest ones we have for this case include the aforementioned side-panel ventilation and the fact that when the fans are oriented towards the front bottom of the case, the drive cages underneath end up blocking potential air intake from underneath the chassis, but then again, there’s not a lot of space for air to come in through the bottom to begin with. As a result, the bottom fans don’t have much access to intake aside from small ventilated areas.  In terms of pricing, it’s supposed to be $80 for the mesh-fronted version and $100 for the glass version. The case will come with 3 fans. HS02 3DAnother case we looked at is one that we’ve already reviewed, the HS02, but the biggest difference with the unit we saw at Computex is that it has glass on the back. Montech is calling it the HS02 3D.Montech TenMontech’s Ten case kind of reminds us of Lian Li’s O11 DYNAMIC MINI, where the case can be rotated and modified into 3 different configurations. The Ten can be flipped, pulled apart, and users can swap around all of its panels. Montech tells us that it takes about 5-10 minutes to do this. The case has excellent side panels. They are basically giant pieces of mesh and also provide air access to the GPU, which is great. Using a glass-side panel in front of the GPU would really suffocate the card. The challenge with the case’s design is that flow-through video cards will dump heat to the power supply fan, which is fine as the PSU can take it. The question becomes where does the air go after that?We think Montech might want to pull down a wall under the power supply to block re-circulation. Other than that, it’s an all-mesh box, which is hard to complain about. Externally, it represents about 27 liters of volume when you factor in the feet. ITX is an option and Montech is calling that the I3. There’s also an mATX variant, which is being called M1 or M2, which designates whether it’s flipped or not.  The Ten is supposed to start at $90 but that’s not finalized yet. King 15 and King 45The King 15 and King 45 are just continuations of the existing King series. They already have the King 95 and King 65, and we reviewed the 65 somewhat recently. The 15 and 45 both still have the curved glass to their fronts, making them very familiar overall.   One thing worth pointing out is that its bottom fans are sunken into the bottom, which means they’re pretty close to the floor and the intake is primarily relegated to the back side panel of the case, where there’s a bit of an angle which should help with intake a little, but it’s still somewhat boxed in.  For the King 15, they are targeting 3x120mm fans and a 1x140mm fan at $110. Without fans, they are looking at $90. Air 2000 Visit our Patreon page to contribute a few dollars toward this website's operation (or consider a direct donation or buying something from our GN Store!) Additionally, when you purchase through links to retailers on our site, we may earn a small affiliate commission.Moving on to the Air 2000, we saw a black one with a glass front and a white one with a mesh front. The case has a digital display panel on the side. It tells you the fan speeds but also provides controls as well. Each button press up or down targets 10% increments in control. There’s also a button that defaults to the motherboard’s controls. Looking at the backside of the display panel, it’s just one big PCB coupled with a wire that connects to the fan hub. The upside to this approach is that no software is required. This has been done before by a couple of companies, but it isn’t that common. Being able to control fan speed externally is a nice feature, especially if it doesn’t require software.The Air 2000 is supposed to be $100 with 4x140mm fans and that is with the screen. They will also have a screenless variant as well. Taking a look at the mesh variant, the case’s top panel has 70% whole porosity and the thickness of the steel means that it doesn’t end up being flimsy. The power supply shroud is ventilated with perforations on the top and bottom. Even the top of the drive cage has perforations, which is a nice, small attention to detail. That probably won’t matter a lot but it’s nice to see. The rest of the case has a pretty standard layout. Thermally, the case should be one of the more interesting ones, especially the mesh-fronted version.

Save this picture!Algae Curtain / EcoLogicStudio. Image © ecoLogicStudio"The limits of our design language are the limits of our design thinking". Patrik Schumacher's statement subtly hints at a shift occurring in the built environment, moving beyond technological integration to embrace intelligence in the spaces and cities we occupy. The future proposes a possibility of buildings serving functions beyond housing human activity to actively participate in shaping urban life.The architecture profession has long been enamored with "smart" buildings - structures that collect and process data through sensor networks and automated systems. Smart cities were heralded to improve quality of life as well as the sustainability and efficiency of city operations using technology. While smart buildings and cities are still at a far reach, these advancements only mark the beginning of a much more impactful application of technology in the built environment. Being smart is about collecting data. Being intelligent is about interpreting that data and acting autonomously upon it. Save this picture!The next generation of intelligent buildings will focus on both externalities and the integration of advanced interior systems to improve energy efficiency, sustainability, and security. Exterior innovations like walls with rotatable units that automatically respond to real-time environmental data, optimizing ventilation and insulation without human intervention are one application. Related Article The Future of Work: Sentient Workplaces for Employee Wellbeing Kinetic architectural elements, integrated with artificial intelligence, create responsive exteriors that breathe and adapt. Networked photovoltaic glass systems may share surplus energy across buildings, establishing efficient microgrids that transform individual structures into nodes within larger urban systems.Interior spaces are experiencing a similar evolution through platforms like Honeywell's Advance Control for Buildings, which integrates cybersecurity, accelerated network speeds, and autonomous decision-making capabilities. Such systems simultaneously optimize HVAC, lighting, and security subsystems through real-time adjustments that respond to environmental shifts and occupant behavior patterns. Advanced security incorporates deep learning-powered facial recognition, while sophisticated voice controls distinguish between human commands and background noise with high accuracy.Kas Oosterhuis envisions architecture where building components become senders and receivers of real-time information, creating communicative networks: "People communicate. Buildings communicate. People communicate with people. People communicate with buildings. Buildings communicate with buildings." This swarm architecture represents an open-source, real-time system where all elements participate in continuous information exchange.Save this picture!Save this picture!While these projects are impressive, they also bring critical issues about autonomy and control to light. How much decision-making authority should we delegate to our buildings? Should structures make choices for us or simply offer informed suggestions based on learned patterns?Beyond buildings, intelligent systems can remodel urban management through AI and machine learning applications. Solutions that monitor and predict pedestrian traffic patterns in public spaces are being explored. For instance, Carlo Ratti's collaboration with Google's Sidewalk Labs hints at the possibility of the streetscape seamlessly adapting to people's needs with a prototype of a modular and reconfigurable paving system in Toronto. The Dynamic Street features a series of hexagonal modular pavers which can be picked up and replaced within hours or even minutes in order to swiftly change the function of the road without creating disruptions on the street. Sidewalk Labs also developed technologies like Delve, a machine-learning tool for designing cities, and focused on sustainability through initiatives like Mesa, a building-automation system.Cities are becoming their own sensors at elemental levels, with physical fabric automated to monitor performance and use continuously. Digital skins overlay these material systems, enabling populations to navigate urban complexity in real-time—locating services, finding acquaintances, and identifying transportation options.The implications extend beyond immediate utility. Remote sensing capabilities offer insights into urban growth patterns, long-term usage trends, and global-scale problems that individual real-time operations cannot detect. This creates enormous opportunities for urban design that acknowledges the city as a self-organizing system, moving beyond traditional top-down planning toward bottom-up growth enabled by embedded information systems.Save this picture!Save this picture!While artificial intelligence dominates discussions of intelligent architecture, parallel developments are emerging through non-human biological intelligence. Researchers are discovering the profound capabilities of living organisms - bacteria, fungi, algae - that have evolved sophisticated strategies over millions of years. Micro-organisms possess intelligence that often eludes human comprehension, yet their exceptional properties offer transformative potential for urban design.EcoLogicStudio's work with the H.O.R.T.U.S. series exemplifies this biological turn in intelligent architecture. The acronym—Hydro Organism Responsive To Urban Stimuli—describes photosynthetic sculptures and urban structures that create artificial habitats for cyanobacteria integrated within the built environment. These living systems function not merely as decorative elements but as active metabolic participants, absorbing emissions from building systems while producing biomass and oxygen through photosynthesis. The PhotoSynthetica Tower project, unveiled at Tokyo's Mori Art Museum, materializes this vision as a complex synthetic organism where bacteria, autonomous farming machines, and various forms of animal intelligence become bio-citizens alongside humans. The future of intelligent architecture lies not in replacing human decision-making but in creating sophisticated feedback loops between human and non-human intelligence. The synthesis recognizes that our knowledge remains incomplete in any age, particularly as new developments push us from lifestyles constraining us to single places toward embracing multiple locations and experiences.Save this picture!The built environment's role in emerging technologies extends far beyond operational efficiency or cost savings. Intelligent buildings can serve as active participants in sustainability targets, wellness strategies, and broader urban resilience planning. The possibility of intelligent architecture challenges the industry to expand our design language. The question facing the profession is not whether intelligence will permeate the built environment. Rather, architects must gauge how well-positioned we are to design for this intelligence, manage its implications, and partner with our buildings as collaborators in shaping the human experience.This article is part of the ArchDaily Topics: What Is Future Intelligence?, proudly presented by Gendo, an AI co-pilot for Architects. Our mission at Gendo is to help architects produce concept images 100X faster by focusing on the core of the design process. We have built a cutting-edge AI tool in collaboration with architects from some of the most renowned firms, such as Zaha Hadid, KPF, and David Chipperfield.Every month, we explore a topic in-depth through articles, interviews, news, and architecture projects. We invite you to learn more about our ArchDaily Topics. And, as always, at ArchDaily we welcome the contributions of our readers; if you want to submit an article or project, contact us.

Every couple of days in early 2024, Leonardo Hummel would free-dive into the shallow waters surrounding Koh Tao, Thailand. Amidst the growing communities of reef fish, Hummel liked to document the progress of the first artificial reefs he'd created and deposited two years earlier while at nearby New Heaven Dive School. The original 9mm rebar had grown multiple times in size, with the accretion of calcium carbonate.Sandra Rubio, one of Leo's colleagues at Black Turtle Dive, remembers the passion with which Leo would speak about his work, and the pride that Hummel took in his creations. "They were like his babies," she says. From an early age, growing up in the Pacific Northwest, Hummel found himself perpetually fascinated by the natural world, origami, and art. These fascinations drove him across the globe - from growing up singing with Seattle's Northwest Boychoir and Vocalpoint! Seattle, to a B.A. in East Asian Studies at Carleton College (and post-college years teaching in Beijing), to a master's degree in Industrial Design at Georgia Tech. Hummel found himself in Koh Tao in pursuit of a dream that managed to fuse all of these passions, crafting beautiful artificial reefs in a project that he dubbed "SeaWeaver." These few handfuls of woven reefs still sitting off the coast of Koh Tao, however, now also serve as a gentle memorial; in March of last year, Leo Hummel, 34, passed away. His parents, professors, and colleagues kindly offered their memories of Leo for this article, in the hopes that it might help keep his work alive.—Hummel detailed his project in a paper, "SeaWeaver: Integrating Cultural Craft and Materials Innovation for Artificial Reef Conservation Strategies," which debuted at the Design Research Conference (DRS) in Boston, in June 2024. Leo's former professor, Georgia State's Lisa Marks, presented the research in his stead."Leo was the kind of person that, if something interested him, he would be in school 24 hours a day, ignoring all his other classes just to do that," Marks says. "I'd come back from Christmas break, and my lab was just covered in these insane laser-cut patterns. And I'd say, what's all this? But that was just his brain."Hummel first met Marks after taking her course on the intersection of industrial design and folk craft. Marks, in her work, combines parametric modeling with endangered traditional handcrafts (a field overwhelmingly derived from women's labor, and largely unconsidered in male-dominated industrial design). Leo soon became Mark's research assistant, and she his thesis advisor. Leo went on to complete his thesis on origami that possesses thickness - such as solar-powered marine lights that could fold and sink beneath the ocean waves, to shelter from coming storms."Because he would obsessively go into these deep dives, he would get burnt out," Marks recalls. "So I'd say: 'Leo. Take three days. Go do some other experiment.' And one of those was this hexagonal structure that theoretically could make kelp farms. And that little pet project got University of Washington interested." In June 2020, the University of Washington and the Nippon Foundation launched the "Ocean Nexus Center," whose stated mission is "to establish social equity at the center of ocean governance;" Leo's mother, who worked at the University, put him in contact with them.Ocean Nexus, as it turned out, suddenly had a travel budget going largely unused due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and could repurpose some of those funds for Leo to develop his work. Amidst a largely academic consortium of anthropologists and economists who study the complexities of human behavior, Hummel's work in fabrication served as a beloved addition.All along the West Coast, forests of kelp - "the sequoia of the sea," both organism and habitat - once grew in underwater canopies so tall and thick that they could be seen from space. But along with another underwater vegetation - eelgrass, a flowering marine plant in more tidal regions - these vast underwater landscapes have seen their once-Olympian numbers decline by as much as ninety percent in just the past few decades. Researchers at University of Washington hoped Hummel's structures of woven hemp could provide a means to anchor the vegetation and allow them a chance to regenerate.Leo's parents, Jeff Hummel and Beatrice Gandara, can't recall exactly how Leo's fascination turned to coral. But in 2021, Leo traveled to Koh Tao to take diving classes with New Heaven Reef Conservation. After countless hours bending rebar in his parents' basement, New Heaven helped him deploy his first full-sized design in 2022. Hummel hoped the reef's shape - a hyberboloid - provided an ideal combination: structural stability, interlacing strands that rendered it a single conductive object, and a woven structure that could be easily modified to accommodate different forms of marine wildlife."Because it was algorithmically driven, he could theoretically change these structures to have the openings be bigger or smaller," Marks explains. By customizing these openings to the local biome, the reef "would attract different types of fish and wildlife that need a certain amount of space, or hiding, or nesting."Although Leo started his deployments at New Heaven, he would later forge a relationship with another local diving organization, Black Turtle, which invited him to weave his reefs and teach classes on their construction in the beginning of 2024. His colleague, Sandra Rubio, described him as an amazing teacher whose passion inspired his students."Whenever we work in coral restoration, one of our main problems is getting the tools we need," Rubio explains. "Sometimes we have to weld, or cut metal, or cast concrete. And we don't really know how to do all these things! So he created this specific design for us to simplify this process, and to be able to create really complex structures without spending a lot of time or having a lot of knowledge about it."Much of Hummel's original design files, in Rhino or Grasshopper, remain on his as-yet-inaccessible computer at his parents' house. But Hummel would also document his creations with posts to his Instagram, @seaweaverreefs, which allowed him to add his own geometric color commentary."It broke my heart to do it but I have mostly switched from 12-symmetry to 10-symmetry weaves," he once explained in a post from January 2024, alongside a photo of a thin metal Star of Goliath nestled inside a decagram. "For a variety of reasons, but mostly because when working at scale, that change ends up saving a lot of material. The structure's stability is still many times overkill so that's unaffected, and only total weirdos who count rotational symmetry will even notice. Good thing I don't know any of those ??."One of the driving forces behind Hummel's dedication to SeaWeaver, meanwhile, was not just to perfect its design, but to ensure its accessibility to the low-resource coastal communities most at risk. Compared to other established artificial reef companies that have patented their designs, Hummel's designs could be woven by anyone, in just a few hours, and with everyday construction material."A lot of motivation for the paper [presented at DRS]," his father says, "was to leave a trail that made it clear that this was his intellectual property, and not something that could be patented in some predatory manner." In the wake of Hummel's passing, his parents maintained his online presence so that future researchers could learn from his work - which they described as "more than a technique: it's a philosophy of ecological intention and social equity." But amongst those who remember Leo, one of the most consistent themes was not his capacity to weave beautiful patterns, but the genuinely decent nature of his character."It's really rare to meet someone as talented and, for lack of a better word, almost obsessive [as Leo]. You meet people that do these deep dives into their work, and they're oftentimes not the best people in terms of how they treat other folks," Marks recalls. "But Leo was just a really, really good person."Last year, while in town for his memorial, Hummel's college a cappella group made sure to visit the Seattle Aquarium. There, unmarked, is one of Hummel's original experiments from three years prior: a nondescript patch of eelgrass, anchored by a weave of hemp. It's the only bundle of eelgrass that has survived, for years, in the entire aquarium."I had the feeling that Leo is like these artists that, when they die, their work gains value," Rubio says. "Sometimes, when someone passes away, they become a legend."Learn more about Leo and Seaweaver at Leohummel.com