From the Hills of Ghana to the Coast of Italy, Discover 8 Unbuilt Educational Spaces from the ArchDaily CommunitySave this picture!Radical Regeneration. Image ROA ArquitecturaAs educational institutions around the world adapt to shifting societal needs, the architecture of learning is also evolving. This curated selection brings together projects submitted by the global ArchDaily community, highlighting how architects are rethinking the future of schools and universities through design. These proposals reflect pressing global concerns: the importance of community-centered education, the revitalization of historical buildings and neighborhoods, the integration of natural systems, and the search for spatial expressions that accommodate both formal instruction and informal exchange. Whether situated in dense urban centers, rural villages, or coastal landscapes, these projects respond to specific cultural and environmental contexts while engaging with broader architectural questions about sustainability, access, and identity.Several proposals explore how educational spaces can serve as catalysts for urban renewal or heritage preservation. In Accra and Barcelona, for instance, projects propose the adaptive reuse of historic school buildings, introducing new educational programs while maintaining a connection to local history. Others address urban growth at the edge of cities, such as a new primary school in Rimini or a vocational campus in Rui'an, using landscape, zoning, and scale to navigate the tension between development and preservation. Common across many of these designs is a commitment to circular principles: reusing materials, reducing energy consumption, and creating flexible frameworks for future change. Together, these unbuilt works illustrate how educational spaces continue to serve not only as places of learning, but as tools for shaping resilient, inclusive, and context-sensitive environments.Read on to discover 8 curated educational spaces that reimagine how we learn, gather, and build for the future, with descriptions by the architects. Related Article Educational Spaces as Cultural and Civic Hubs in the Middle East: 7 Projects Redefining Public Engagement School of multimedia and Graphic Arts, Technological University of Cyprus / Micromega Architecture & Strategies Limasol, CyprusSave this picture!The design of the new facilities for the Department of Multimedia and Graphic Arts (MGA) at the Cyprus University of Technology in Limassol breathes life into creativity and innovation. Inspired by the dynamic interplay of design and industrial production, the building unfolds across three levels, each tailored to its dual purposea vibrant gallery and a cutting-edge production space. This architectural blend fosters a stimulating environment where artistic expression and technical ingenuity seamlessly converge, inspiring both students and researchers alike.Al-Khuluq Islamic Boarding School / VOLUM Studio Riau Islands, IndonesiaSave this picture!This Islamic boarding school in Bintan Regency, Indonesia, optimizes natural sunlight and airflow for energy efficiency and comfort. A second skin on the west faade reduces heat radiation, while greenery enhances environmental quality and provides natural interaction spaces. Strategic zoning ensures privacy and efficient circulation, with a central open field for community activities. Supporting facilities, including dormitories, classrooms, and a multifunctional hall, are arranged harmoniously, fostering a serene environment for learning, worship, and daily life. A sustainable, user-focused design approach.OSU Salem School / AP Valletta in collaboration with David Kojo DerbanAccra, GhanaSave this picture!What if the 19th century building of the Osu Salem Presbyterian School was brought back to life with a new purpose? The proposal for the regeneration of this heritage building designed in 1843 and completed in 1865 by the Basel Mission in Accra aims at contributing to safeguarding the spirit of the place while positively impacting the Osu community. In line with the thinking of the collaborative research project 'Valletta Accra: A Dialogue Between Mercantile Cities', the re-imagination of the school becomes an opportunity for a pilot project influencing how other heritage buildings in Ghana's bustling capital city could be restored and reused.Ruian Agricultural Technical Colleg / PAO ArchitectsRui'an, ChinaSave this picture!Rui'an College of Agricultural Technology is located in China Rui'an Mayu Town Huangshe Village Leigong Mountain, Leigong Mountain, also known as Huangyu Mountain, the legend says that the phoenix nirvana in this place and get the name. The north slope of the mountain is gentle, the south slope is steep, surrounded by tens of thousands of hectares of rice paddies, with Ouyue grain silo known as Paddy School. The project has a construction site area of 106,699.36 square metres (equivalent to about 160.05 acres), with a capacitated floor area of 83,901 square metres above ground, 6,000 square metres on the elevated floors, and 9,000 square metres underground. After completion, it can accommodate a total of 2,700 students in five majors, aiming to build a modern vocational education system, cultivate more high-quality technical and skilled talents, skilled craftsmen and great national craftsmen, and provide powerful talents and skills support for the comprehensive construction of a socialist modernisation country and the realisation of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Urban Gurukul / Tropic ResponsesBengaluru, IndiaSave this picture!India, blessed with a rich heritage, owes its cultural significance to its ability in shaping one's personality and identity. The proposed design of a K-12 school on a 2-acre plot in Bangalore channels architecture in nurturing culturally aware, responsible young minds, ensuring the continuity of India's cultural legacy. Emphasizing holistic education, it integrates values like social etiquette, family traditions, and arts. The architecture symbolizes student life stages, with organic forms and spill-out spaces.FAI BENE School / TARI Architects Rimini, ItalySave this picture!The intervention site is located in the northern area of Rimini, in a strip of land between the green countryside of the Romagna region and the deep blue of the Adriatic Sea. While currently preserving a green, undeveloped state, being surrounded by lands of predominantly agricultural use, the plot destined to accommodate the new primary school is subject of a strategic intervention on a larger urban scale, aimed to strengthen the connection with the sea via green links. A critical reading of the existing context leads to a fundamental question: How to properly intervene according to the peculiarity of the site, accommodating the needs of the developing city while protecting the natural landscape?Radical regeneration / ROA Arquitectura Barcelona, SpainSave this picture!The Jean Piaget redevelopment project will be the first in Sabadell to satisfy NZEB and Verde criteria, with the aim of decarbonising, promoting citizen empowerment and prioritising a circular economy through reuse and local production. A school, abandoned since 1931, will be transformed into a public facility, thereby improving its use and energy performance. The decision to renovate rather than re-build permeates the entire project. The existing structure and walls will be retained thereby reducing concrete consumption. Demolition material will be used in the foundations. On-site recycling of woodwork, stone materials and radiators will be undertaken, as well as rainwater harvesting. The insulation and faade materials will be recyclable, from renewable and local sources.Meloran Rural School / Faezeh KhosraviNikshahr city, IranSave this picture!This project aimed to create a school that could also function as a center of activity for the village community while accommodating a variety of activities. we attempted to look at the school as more than just an attractive geometric form, because the design of the school is a social exercise, and it can be a building that satisfies the expectations and demands of the village residents. We aimed to use locally sourced materials in the village for the building.HOW TO SUBMIT AN UNBUILT PROJECTWe highly appreciate the input from our readers and are always happy to see more projects designed by them. If you have an Unbuilt project to submit, click here and follow the guidelines. Our curators will review your submission and get back to you in case it is selected for a feature.Image gallerySee allShow lessAbout this authorNour Fakharany

Kent House / Alexandra Buchanan ArchitectureSave this picture! Cieran MurphyArchitects: Alexandra Buchanan ArchitectureAreaArea of this architecture projectArea:400 mYearCompletion year of this architecture project Year: 2024 PhotographsPhotographs:Cieran MurphyMore SpecsLess SpecsSave this picture!Text description provided by the architects. Kent is a contemporary addition to a 1925 Queenslander. Nestled onto Teneriffe Hill, in the riverside peninsula of New Farm, Brisbane, the site slopes steeply to the west, away from the street, to a surprisingly quiet leafy garden, fringed with palms. Located on a small lot, the cottage is in close proximity to neighboring houses (some 400mm on one side and 800mm on the other). The elevation, however, affords excellent cross ventilation from the north, district hill views to the south, and presents a discreet, small-scale (single-storey) cottage faade to the street, which somewhat belies the significant extension to the rear.Save this picture!Following the fall of the hill, the floor levels sit against the contours to create surprising height beneath the Queenslander. Separated from the street by a bridge, the landscape falls away beneath it. The southern boundary is defined by an existing stone convict wall whilst the north-western edge is defined by a private laneway (an easement shared by 5 neighbors) and an existing clump of banana trees.Save this picture!Save this picture!Save this picture!Save this picture!The brief was for a dynamic, private home filled with natural light, texture, and interest. With close proximity to neighboring houses, privacy and outlook are limited to the north & south. Our concept centred around the creation of a captivating internal focus in the form of a central courtyard that would improve daylight and cross ventilation and assist in providing sheltered respite on the westerly facing block.Save this picture!Save this picture!The courtyard acts as a separation device to respect and maintain the integrity of the existing cottage, which is legible throughout. It also reinforces the language of the queenslander "undercroft" bringing the landscape in and through the house & provides a welcome calm retreat to the street above.Save this picture!Save this picture!Save this picture!Save this picture!Save this picture!The west-facing rear garden orientation could provide a challenge for managing heat gain, but the design of the plan is responsive, following the fall of the site to provide higher ceilings, internal voids, and operable walls that capture breezes & provide a cool expansive undercroft to the existing cottage. Functionally, the building is flexible and responsive, thermally, it is adaptive also. Funnelling breezes up the hill and through the house on hot summer days but providing warmth and intimacy for the cooler months.Save this picture!Project gallerySee allShow lessAbout this officePublished on March 27, 2025Cite: "Kent House / Alexandra Buchanan Architecture" 27 Mar 2025. ArchDaily. Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/1028427/kent-house-alexandra-buchanan-architecture&gt ISSN 0719-8884Save!ArchDaily?You've started following your first account!Did you know?You'll now receive updates based on what you follow! Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors, offices and users.Go to my stream

AI red teaming the practice of simulating attacks to uncover vulnerabilities in AI systems is emerging as a vital security strategy.Traditional red teaming focuses on simulating adversarial tactics to identify vulnerabilities in static systems applications built on predictable coding frameworks. While challenging, these engagements rely on decades of collective experience and a well-understood threat landscape. Artificial intelligence systems, meanwhile, present fundamentally different challenges.Unlike traditional applications, AI systems are dynamic, adaptive, and often opaque, making vulnerabilities harder to identify. The threats targeting these systems are also unique, ranging from adversarial inputs that manipulate model behavior to malicious modifications of the models themselves. Understanding these differences is critical for securing AI-powered operations.Understanding AI Red TeamingAI red teaming systematically probes AI systems to identify vulnerabilities and potential exploits. Like traditional red teams, AI red teams emulate adversarial tactics to uncover weaknesses before they can be exploited. However, the challenges in AI environments are amplified by model complexity, novel attack vectors, and the high stakes of failure.Red teaming spans critical areas. Adversarial machine learning (ML) techniques involve crafting inputs to deceive models into making incorrect predictions. Model file security focuses on identifying vulnerabilities in the serialized files that store machine learning models, ensuring they cant be exploited as vectors for malicious code. Operational security examines risks within AI workflows and supply chains, pinpointing exposure points adversaries might exploit.Why AI Red Teaming Is CriticalThe adoption of AI has transformed industries, introducing significant risks alongside benefits. Models trained on sensitive data, deployed in distributed environments, or integrated into decision-making processes create a broader attack surface. Adversaries can manipulate inputs through vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs), leading to unintended outputs or actions.AI models, often valuable intellectual property, are also vulnerable to theft or sabotage, leading to severe business impacts. Maliciously crafted models can even act as malware, leaking sensitive data when deployed.For example, an attacker might embed harmful code within a serialized model file. If a machine learning engineer unknowingly loads the file, the attacker could gain access to sensitive systems. This threat is particularly severe in industries like healthcare and finance, where compromised models could directly impact operations and compliance.Modernizing Red Teaming for AITraditional cybersecurity measures often fail to address AI-specific threats. Unlike fixed codebases, AI models are dynamic and adaptive, introducing unpredictable vulnerabilities that require innovative testing strategies.AI attack vectors often involve reverse engineering or adversarial attacks that undermine predictions. Additionally, tools designed to secure AI systems can sometimes be weaponized for offensive use, requiring a deep understanding of their dual-use capabilities. These challenges underscore the necessity of AI red teaming as a specialized cybersecurity discipline. By focusing on AI systems unique vulnerabilities, red teams can identify risks that traditional approaches may overlook, ensuring a more robust defense.Given the growing use of AI in business-critical applications, AI red teaming is emerging as an essential cybersecurity strategy. This process requires continuous adaptation to evolving threats. Integrating AI red teaming into an organizations security framework reduces catastrophic model failures, builds stakeholder confidence in AI initiatives, and keeps organizations ahead of adversaries.Best Practices To Get Started With AI Red TeamingTo integrate AI red teaming into an enterprise security strategy, consider these best practices for building a robust and proactive approach to safeguarding AI systems.Assemble a Multidisciplinary TeamAn effective AI red team requires AI experts to address model architecture and vulnerabilities, cybersecurity professionals to tackle adversarial tactics, and data scientists to analyze risks like poisoning or unauthorized manipulation. This combination ensures a comprehensive approach to securing the AI lifecycle.Identify and Prioritize Critical AI Assets for TestingFocus on assets that handle sensitive data, perform critical functions, or are publicly accessible. Catalog models, data pipelines, and APIs, prioritizing systems like fraud detection or customer authentication where vulnerabilities could have significant consequences.Collaborate With Blue TeamsRed and blue teams must work together to strengthen defenses. While red teams simulate attacks to uncover vulnerabilities, blue teams focus on detection, response, and mitigation. Sharing findings from red teaming helps improve blue team capabilities and align strategies against real-world threats.Use Specialized ToolingEquip your red team with tools tailored to AI environments, including frameworks for adversarial inputs, reverse engineering model embeddings, or simulating API attacks. These tools help target AI systems more effectively and uncover weaknesses that traditional security testing might miss.Implement Automated TestingFor organizations managing large-scale AI deployments, automated red teaming tools streamline vulnerability detection across multiple models and pipelines, enabling comprehensive coverage without overburdening teams.Ensure Compliance With Privacy GuidelinesEstablish protocols to ensure red teaming activities meet privacy and regulatory standards. This includes anonymizing sensitive data in testing environments to safeguard personal and proprietary information. Proper compliance not only protects your organization legally but also ensures ethical testing practices.Making Red Teaming Part of AI StrategyBy adopting a proactive approach to AI security with red teaming, businesses can uncover hidden vulnerabilities, reduce risks, and build resilient systems. Compared to static applications, the dynamic nature of AI systems makes offensive testing even more important for safeguarding operations, maintaining stakeholder trust, and driving innovation with confidence.

Get started with V-Ray https://bit.ly/TryVRay Create stunning volumetrics like clouds, smoke, and magical effects with V-Ray for Houdinis new, more advanced Volume Shader. Build shading graphs to craft complex shaders and customize your effects, and enjoy greater control over your volumetrics in compositing thanks to light select support. Plus, experience up to 6x faster rendering.**The New Volume Shader is currently in its initial implementation phase. This feature will continue to evolve in future updates. Support for rendering fire independently from smoke and deep output is coming soon.---------------------------------------------------------------------------Imagine. Design. Believe.Chaos provides world-class visualization solutions helping you share ideas, optimize workflows and create immersive experiences. Everything you need to visualize your ideas from start to finish. From architecture and VFX to product design and e-commerce, Chaos empowers creators to bring their projects to life.Our industry-leading tools, including V-Ray, Enscape, and Corona, are built for architects, designers, AEC professionals, and CG artists. Whether youre crafting photorealistic visuals, immersive real-time experiences, or cinematic VFX, Chaos delivers the power and flexibility to render anything. Explore Chaos products https://bit.ly/ExploreChaos Get started with V-Ray https://bit.ly/TryVRay Learn more & get free tutorials https://bit.ly/ChaosWebinars Subscribe for the latest updates! Follow us: LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/ChaosLinkedIn Instagram: https://bit.ly/ChaosIG Facebook: https://bit.ly/Chaos_Facebook #Chaos #Vray #3DRendering #Visualization

Calling all Apple maniacs! Do you remember the glory days? Otherwise known as the time when MacBook prices wouldnt max out your credit card and when those laptops came with features like the Touch Bar? Those days might feel like theyre behind us, but not anymore since thisMacBook Pro deal just rolled in.This might just be the rarest MacBook deal youll find since you can get a refurbished 13.3-inch MacBook Pro for only $329.97 (down from $1,499), and it comes with the now-discontinued Touch Bar. Unfortunately, we expect these laptops to fly off our shelves, so you should act while you can.What refurbished actually meansYou might be questioning how on earth a MacBook Pro could be priced at less than $380. But shopping refurbished can seriously open some doors, letting you save on a high-performance, near-mint condition Apple laptop, all while scoring rare features like the Touch Bar.Everything you want in a MacBook and moreFor starters, the Touch Bar feature might just be the winning feature of this MacBook Pro. What exactly is it? Its a sleektouchscreen strip that replaced the function key row on many MacBook Pros, at least until Apple banished it in 2023. Now, your only hope of getting these convenient and customizable Touch Bars is to buy a refurbished device like this 2017 MacBook Pro.This laptop comes with plenty of other neat specs, too. Check it out:13.3-inch Retina display with 25601600 resolution for streaming and other creative work.Along with the Touch Bar, the built-in Touch ID offers user-friendly and secure log-ins.3.1GHz Intel Core i5 with 8GB of RAM for running Microsoft apps, Zoom, and more.512GB storage for all your files, photos, etc.Backlit keyboard with the Force Touch trackpad and butterfly mechanism for comfortable typing.4x Thunderbolt 3 ports for connecting all your peripherals.Own a piece of Apple history with this13.3-inch MacBook Pro with a Touch Bar, now just$377.97 (reg. $1,499).Act fast since inventory is selling out!StackSocial prices subject to change.Apple MacBook Pro 13 Touchbar (2017) 3.1GHz i5 8GB RAM 512GB SSD Space Gray (Refurbished)Only $377.97 at Popular ScienceWhat makes this deal specialApples latest round of MacBook Pros starts at $1,599, and since were offering this near-mint MacBook Pro at less than $329.97, its a fraction of the cost (over 70 percent off). Plus, this model comes with the infamous Touch Bar, which replaced the function key row on MacBook Pros until Apple discontinued it in 2023. Youll be able to own a piece of Apple history with this deal, though supplies for this rare MacBook Pro are limited.

Nature, Published online: 27 March 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00868-9Thousands of 3D protein structures locked up in big-pharma vaults will be used to create a new AI tool that wont be open to academics.

Nature, Published online: 26 March 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-00899-2Ultraviolet light from a galaxy observed when the Universe was just 330 million years old has intriguing implications for understanding how the first generations of stars and black holes were formed.

"At the time, I knew almost nothing about TB. To me, it was a disease of history something that killed depressive 19th-century poets, not present-tense humans."

Patients with trimethylaminuria, or "fish odor syndrome," make too much of a chemical with a strong fishy smell.