For those of us with anxiety (hello!), the class of prescription drugs known as benzodiazepines, or benzos, can be a boon in times of crisis. Though they are addictive, they’re pretty good at chilling us out. But it turns out that by drugging ourselves with these pills, we are inadvertently drugging wild animals as well. Especially the ones that live in water. Our bodies don’t absorb 100 percent of the drugs we ingest, so traces of them end up in the toilet. And because sewage treatment plants usually can’t filter them all out, those compounds ultimately end up where treated sewage is released — in rivers, lakes, and coastal habitats. This means that fish and other aquatic critters that live in these environments are, for better or worse, exposed to our meds. Basically fish are on drugs — our drugs.What, exactly, does that mean for wildlife? That’s what a relatively new field of research is trying to figure out. And a study just published in the journal Science offers some compelling clues. The authors gave young Atlantic salmon in Sweden a dose of clobazam — a benzo used to treat seizures and anxiety that’s often found in wastewater — equal to what some fish might naturally be exposed to in streams. Then they monitored what the drug did to the fish as they migrated, as young salmon do, from a river out to the Baltic Sea. Dalälven, the river in Sweden where the study took place. Michael BertramMarcus Michelangeli, a study co-author. Michael BertramRemarkably, the study found that more of the salmon on benzos made it out to sea than those that were drug-free, perhaps because they were more likely to survive the journey. The clobazam fish also passed through obstacles along the way — two hydropower dams — at a faster clip. These results highlight a strange irony: Humans have made the world more stressful for all kinds of animals by, for example, destroying their habitat and damming up rivers. At the same time, we’re flooding the environment with mood-changing meds. Is that somehow helping them cope? Our meds are their medsPretty much everywhere scientists look for drugs in the water, they find them. Caffeine. Metformin. Antidepressants. Antibiotics. Birth control. Tylenol. Basically, if we use a lot of them, they’re part of aquatic habitats. Thankfully, they appear in low enough doses that if you, say, chug a glass of river water those chemicals are not likely to affect you (again, for better or worse). Most fish, however, are much smaller. And previous research shows that these micro-doses can influence them in serious ways.A seminal 2007 study, for example, showed that small amounts of synthetic estrogen — a common ingredient in birth control that often makes its way into the environment — can “feminize” male minnows. This means they can produce early-stage eggs in their testes, essentially becoming intersex. That ultimately impairs their ability to mate and can, as the study showed, cause fish populations to collapse. A fathead minnow. TroutFodder/Getty ImagesResearchers have also shown that male fish exposed to estrogen struggle to build nests and put on courtship displays for females.Trace levels of antidepressants, like fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft) affect fish behavior, too — sometimes in bizarre ways. I came across one study linking fluoxetine exposure to larger “gonopodium” size. That’s basically a fish penis. The drug can also “increase male coercive mating behavior,” the authors wrote. A study on sertraline, meanwhile, suggests the drug can make fish less anxious and more likely to take risks and explore. Some research on the benzo oxazepam has similarly been shown to make fish bolder. Oh, and I also found some interesting experiments with metformin, which is used to treat Type 2 diabetes and thus one of the most widespread drugs in wastewater. A 2018 paper suggests that when Siamese fighting fish — like the betta fish you can buy at pet stores — are exposed to levels of metformin that have been found in the environment, they become less aggressive. Fighting fish, fighting less! “Subjects exhibited less aggression toward a male dummy stimulus,” the authors wrote. Over the last two decades scientists have turned up plenty of evidence that drugs in our wastewater alter the lives and behavior of fish (and some other animals). The problem is that most of these studies are done in labs, in fish tanks, and not in the wild. So they don’t tell us much about what this means for animals in the real world, many of which are threatened with extinction, including some populations of Atlantic salmon. That’s what makes this new study so useful — and frankly, impressive. More drugged salmon make it out to seaAtlantic salmon, if I may say, live remarkable lives. They’re born in freshwater streams and then, as young, go through a number of physical transformations before migrating to the salty ocean in a process that can cover thousands of miles. After living their lives at sea for a year or more, they’ll swim back up river — typically in the same river they were born in, relying on some magical-sounding navigation skills — to have babies and produce the next salmon generation. Even in historic times, this life was probably stressful. All that travel. Swimming through rivers full of predators. Yikes! Humans have only made it harder. We’ve installed dams that fish have to navigate; there are more than 7,600 dams in Sweden alone. We’ve heated up the ocean and streams, which can deprive salmon of oxygen. We fish the hell out of them. And of course, we’ve polluted their habitat. Key, here, is that some of that pollution consists of drugs specifically designed to make humans less anxious. Authors of the new study wanted to figure out whether they might have a related effect on fish — and, importantly, what that means for their arduous journey. The researchers’ methods were somewhat bizarre: They collected dozens of young wild salmon from a hatchery along the Dalälven, a river in Sweden, and inserted medical implants into their flesh. Some of those implants slowly released drugs — including the benzo clobazam — at a level akin to what they might be exposed to in the wild. (The researchers didn’t detect clobazam in this particular river.) Other implants were essentially placebos, meaning they didn’t release anything. The team also performed surgeries on the fish to insert miniature devices that emit sound; those sounds can be picked up by underwater microphones that were placed along the river to track each individual fish. (How do you do surgery on a fish? You sedate it and run water over their gills while you’re operating.)Then they released the fish back into the river — which has two hydropower dams downstream — and tracked their journey to sea. A dam in Dalälven River. Rebecca ForsbergAs they discovered, the fish drugged with clobazam were more likely to make it to sea compared to those that were drug-free. It’s likely that more of the undrugged salmon died on their journey or were otherwise slowed down, said Jack Brand, the study’s lead author and a researcher at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. This might be because the benzos made the fish less social — less likely to school in the face of predators — and more likely to take risks, he said. Those traits can be helpful for navigating downstream. Solitary fish tend to move faster, Brand told me. And with benzos in their system, they may be less afraid to swim through a dam. “These drugs can be used in humans as anti-stress drugs,” Brand said. “You can imagine passing through a hydropower dam — these are big dams with big turbines — is a fairly stressful event for a small fish. And usually what you find is that lots of predators hang around these areas. Maybe it’s helping the fish recover from stress faster.”Outside experts I talked to mostly agree with his interpretation — that the clobazam likely made the fish less risk-averse. “It probably was because they were more bold than the other fish, which were kind of shy and hanging together,” said James Meador, an affiliate professor at the University of Washington who has spent years studying how pollutants affect fish. He was not involved with the research. “Even in the presence of predators, I guess they really weren’t too concerned.” This is pretty wild to think about. When these fish encounter stressful situations, trace levels of human anti-anxiety medications — which are, to be clear, pollution — may be sort of chilling them out. So, drugs: good? Are drugged salmon better off? At face value, it seems like a little dose of clobazam can help these fish out with their stressful lives, not unlike it may do for some of us.But, as I was told, that is very clearly the wrong takeaway. Salmon leap out of the water in the Ettrick, a river in Scotland. Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images“We think that any changes to natural behavior are likely to have potential negative consequences,” Brand said.Such as? Fish on clobazam are less likely to school, or group together, which is an anti-predator response. So even though they appear better at navigating the river — and less likely to be eaten during their seaward migration — it’s possible that they may be more prone to getting killed at sea. We just don’t know. (Some past research shows that young salmon exposed to a much higher dose of a different benzo — oxazepam — were more likely to be eaten by predators during their downstream migration.)“The definition of pollution is that it causes harm,” said Karen Kidd, an ecotoxicologist at McMaster University in Canada who was not involved in the new Science study. “There are still many unknowns, such as whether it influences their survival in the ocean or their ability to return to spawn in the river as adults.”In other words, while it’s not clear exactly how clobazam is shaping salmon populations, it is influencing the complex behavior of a species — and its relationships in a food web balanced by millennia. That alone is cause for concern: It’s another way we’re messing with nature. And clobazam is just one of the thousands of prescription drugs worldwide. That leads me to the last point: We’re pumping out more and more chemicals every year and scientists still don’t understand how most of them — there are tens if not hundreds of thousands — affect the natural world. “If society values clean water, then we need to understand the consequences of chemicals that we put in the natural world,” said Bryan Brooks, an environmental scientist at Baylor University, who was not involved with the new research. The bottom line, he added, is that “if we put stuff in the environment, we need to understand what happens to it.”Today roughly a quarter of freshwater wildlife is in decline and at risk of extinction. Most of the threats they face are visible — dams, the destruction of habitat, invasive species. Our drugs are almost certainly another serious threat, though it’s one we can’t see and poorly understood.“Pharmaceutical pollution, or chemical pollution in general, is really this invisible agent of global change,” Brand said. “It’s probably posing a greater risk than at least what the public acknowledges. This is a potentially significant threat to our aquatic wildlife.”See More:

More Nintendo Switch 2 small print makes Zelda deal even less appealing Michael Beckwith Published April 10, 2025 6:00pm Updated April 10, 2025 6:00pm Just because it’s a Nintendo Switch 2 Edition, doesn’t mean it’s a complete edition (Nintendo) Anyone thinking of buying The Legend Of Zelda: Breath Of The Wild’s enhanced Switch 2 port needs to know that it’s not a complete version of the game. Ever since the Nintendo Switch 2 showcase last week, it feels like every day has brought new details that have gradually diminished what should be an exciting time for fans. Not only is Nintendo selling its first party games at very high prices (with Mario Kart World in particular going for upwards of £75), but most games still lack exact UK prices and there have been conflicting statements on whether physical versions of Switch 2 Edition games even exist. Now, more than a week since the showcase, Nintendo has admitted to a small but no less crucial detail about the Switch 2 version of The Legend Of Zelda: Breath Of The Wild: it won’t include the DLC. As a reminder, despite the original being over eight years old at this point, Breath Of The Wild on Switch 2 is being sold for £66.99 physically (it may be cheaper digitally, but Nintendo hasn’t confirmed this yet). By comparison, the original Switch version is £55.99, both physically and digitally. This is arguably justified by it being an upgraded version that boasts an improved frame rate and visuals, as well as compatibility with a new Zelda Notes service, but the lack of DLC kind of sours the deal. If you had assumed this doubled as a complete edition of Breath Of The Wild, that bundled in the DLC, you’d be wrong. In a statement to IGN, Nintendo confirmed that Breath Of The Wild’s expansion pass will remain a separate purchase. The expansion pass is quite substantial and comes with a new difficulty level, a new dungeon, and new items, among other things and costs £17.99. So, anyone planning on purchasing a Switch 2 copy of Breath Of The Wild will presumably need to spend just under £85 for a complete package, making it more expensive than even Mario Kart World. That’s assuming there isn’t some kind of special discount for Switch 2 owners but, as with a worrying amount of other things, Nintendo hasn’t even mentioned the DLC yet. More Trending The upgrade price isn’t nearly so bad for anyone who already owns the Switch 1 version, since they can upgrade to the Switch 2 version for $10. There’s no confirmed UK price yet, but that probably means around £8. The Switch 2 version is also free for anyone subscribed to Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack, though you’ll still have to pay the extra £17.99 to access the DLC. Regardless, it’s bizarre that Nintendo wouldn’t just treat the Switch 2 version as a complete edition of the game and bundle the DLC with it. It’d certainly make it a more attractive offer to those who missed out on the original game, especially when there’s already outrage over how much Switch 2 games cost to begin with. For better or worse, sequel Tears Of The Kingdom doesn’t have any DLC, so at least you know you’re getting everything with that. The sequel, Tears Of The Kingdom, is also being upgraded for Switch 2 (Nintendo) Email gamecentral@metro.co.uk, leave a comment below, follow us on Twitter, and sign-up to our newsletter. To submit Inbox letters and Reader’s Features more easily, without the need to send an email, just use our Submit Stuff page here. For more stories like this, check our Gaming page. GameCentral Sign up for exclusive analysis, latest releases, and bonus community content. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Your information will be used in line with our Privacy Policy

By AJ Dellinger Published April 10, 2025 | Comments (0) | An AI avatar appears in the lower left while a panel of justices watch from the bench © Appellate Division, First Department/YouTube Generally speaking, it is not considered a good idea to represent yourself in court. But there is another, potentially worse route: you can say that you are going to represent yourself, then pass the task on to an AI avatar in order to show off the capabilities of your startup. That appears to be the approach that AI entrepreneur Jerome Dewald took, according to a report from The Register, and it was not well received by the court. Here’s the situation that Dewald seemingly found himself in: Dewald is the plaintiff in an employment dispute with insurance firm MassMutual Metro New York and was scheduled to make an argument before the court on March 26, 2025. Dewald was diagnosed with throat cancer 25 years ago and, according to his account to The Register, still suffers from the effects of it, making continuous speaking challenging. So he asked the court if he could submit a video to make his statement—a reasonable enough request that the court seemed to have approved in advance. What the court did not approve, based on the judge’s reaction, was the video that Dewald submitted, which was not him making a statement but instead a handsomely generic guy who the judges had never seen before. Just a couple seconds into the unnamed business stud’s statement, Associate Justice Sallie Manzanet-Daniels cut off the video and asked “Is that counsel for the case?” It was at that point Dewald revealed that the person making the statement wasn’t a person at all—it was an AI-generated video. “That is not a real person,” he told the court. It was about then that Justice Manzanet-Daniels lost it. “It would have been nice to know that when you made your application. You did not tell me that, sir,” she said, noting that Dewald had testified at length previously and had conversations with the clerk’s office for extended periods without issue. “I don’t appreciate being misled. So either you are suffering from an ailment that prevents you from being able to articulate or you don’t,” she said. Now would probably be a good time to mention that Dewald heads an AI startup called Pro Se Pro that helps people represent themselves in legal matters with AI tools—a fact the judge seemed to know, as she told him, “You are not going to use this courtroom as a launch for your business, sir.” To be fair to Dewald, it does not seem that his avatar was created with his own platform, which he told The Register has been at a standstill for about a year due to lack of funding. His AI representative, named “Jim” was created with a free trial to an AI service called Tavus. While he intended to make an AI version of himself to speak before the court, he couldn’t get the trial to work so, he told The Register he just settled for “one of their stock replicas, that big, beautiful hunk of a guy.” Still, the appearance of self-promotion as well as the unexpected appearance of an AI avatar was enough to get Dewald a scolding from the court. He went on to make his argument on his own and has since copped to the fact that he probably should have provided a heads-up that he was going to use AI to present his case. Lesson learned. Daily Newsletter You May Also Like By Alex Cranz Published April 10, 2025 By Matt Novak Published April 10, 2025 By Thomas Maxwell Published April 9, 2025 Maleeka Singh, Maria G. Corradini, Robert Hanner, The Conversation Published April 8, 2025 By Lucas Ropek Published April 7, 2025 By Thomas Maxwell Published April 7, 2025

The Domcenter / perter haimerl . architekturSave this picture!© Edward Beierle, Gregor Graf•Linz, Austria Architects: peter haimerl.architektur Area Area of this architecture project Area:  196 m² Year Completion year of this architecture project Year:  2024 Photographs Photographs:Edward Beierle, Gregor Graf Lead Architect: Peter Haimerl More SpecsLess Specs Save this picture! Text description provided by the architects. The neo-Gothic cathedral in Linz is one of the largest church buildings in Austria and was constructed between 1865 and 1924. In 2024, the diocese celebrated the cathedral's hundredth anniversary. However, Catholic communities face challenges: membership numbers are declining, and the church's societal relevance is decreasing. While many congregations respond with budget cuts or the sale of sacred spaces, the Archdiocese of Linz embraces innovation and openness.Save this picture!Save this picture!A key element of this strategy is the new Domcenter on the east side of the cathedral. It complements the existing church building with a modern, welcoming entrance area reminiscent of cultural institutions such as museums or concert halls. Visitors are greeted by a bright café and a bookshop. From there, they pass through the former sacristy of the east chapel to reach the liturgically appropriate entrance of the "Wegekirche" in the north.Save this picture!The Domcenter serves as the starting point for cathedral tours and offers multimedia experiences, as well as an exhibition of the cathedral treasury in the east chapel. A two-story, walkable exhibition space presents sacred, liturgical, and cultural content in both analog and digital formats. An interactive display case and an internal lift provide new perspectives on historical artworks. The design of the display cases follows the "Einstein tile" principle, a shape that can be seamlessly arranged without rigid repetition – a motif that appears throughout the Domcenter.Save this picture!Save this picture!Architecturally, the Domcenter draws inspiration from the tradition of light tent roofs and historical market stalls. The structure consists of three canopies that appear to be suspended from the cathedral facade. Their shape resembles inverted vault constructions, giving them a particularly lightweight appearance. A sophisticated concrete construction was chosen for its efficient material use and reduced CO2 consumption. Over the building's lifespan, nearly all the CO2 emitted during production will be reabsorbed.Save this picture!For heritage preservation reasons, the annex is not structurally connected to the cathedral. The canopies stand on single supports and extend toward the cathedral facade without touching it. The load-bearing double-shell structure creates a pleasant interior atmosphere, while the outer shell reflects the pointed vaults of the historic cathedral.Save this picture!The interior of the Domcenter is structured by a straight counter that connects various functional areas. In addition to the café and bookshop, the Domcenter also serves as a meeting place for both church-related and secular events. Beneath the building, technical rooms, storage spaces, restrooms, and lockers are accessible via stairs and an elevator. The barrier-free lift connects all three levels – church level, plaza level, and basement – enabling seamless integration of indoor and outdoor activities.Save this picture!Save this picture!With the Domcenter, the Linz Cathedral gains a modern addition that enriches the sacred space with secular services. At the same time, a previously underutilized area is revitalized, creating a new attraction for visitors.Save this picture! Project gallerySee allShow less Project locationAddress:Location to be used only as a reference. It could indicate city/country but not exact address.About this office Published on April 10, 2025Cite: "The Domcenter / perter haimerl . architektur" 10 Apr 2025. ArchDaily. Accessed . <https://www.archdaily.com/1028432/the-domcenter-perter-haimerl-architektur&gt ISSN 0719-8884Save世界上最受欢迎的建筑网站现已推出你的母语版本!想浏览ArchDaily中国吗?是否 You've started following your first account!Did you know?You'll now receive updates based on what you follow! Personalize your stream and start following your favorite authors, offices and users.Go to my stream

A jawbone found on the ocean floor near Taiwan provides evidence that the Denisovans — a poorly understood ancestor to modern humans — occupied southeast Asia 100,000 years ago. DNA extracted and analyzed from it has evolutionary implications, because, while contemporary southeast Asians have bits of Denisovan DNA in their genomes, the nearest known Denisovan fossil find, until now, hailed from northeastern Asia, according to a report in the journal Science.“Modern human populations in eastern Asia, particularly in the southeast, have genomic elements derived from the Denisovans, and it has been suggested that the two interbred in the region,” according to a press release. “However, so far, the molecularly identified Denisovan fossils are very fragmentary and have been found only from two sites in northern Asia. This research has directly demonstrated that Denisovans were also distributed in southeastern Asia.”Finding Traces of DenisovansDenisovans are a fairly recent addition to the human genetic family tree. In 1980, a Buddhist monk discovered a curious jawbone — but it was stored and remained unanalyzed until 2010. That year, similar fossils found in Siberia’s Denisova Cave linked the two sites. Other fossils in the cave ranging from from 300,000 years to 100,000 years ago, suggested that different groups of early humans both used the cave and may have interacted. These findings changed the way paleontologists thought about human evolution. Previously, the conventional wisdom was that we are direct descendants of Neanderthals out of Africa. Adding Denisovans to our ancestors’ genetic heritage creates a more complex story.Read More: Who Were the Denisovans?Evidence of InterbreedingOther work suggests that Neanderthals and Denisovans likely interbred near the end of the Ice Age, when glaciers began their retreat and once frozen land became forested. Those conditions meant both species no longer were isolated by ice.The newest study expands on that story, showing that the Denisovans weren’t limited to Tibet and Siberia. It also expands on the notion that Denisovans were sufficiently different than Neanderthals in two ways. First, analysis of the Taiwan jawbone, which they named Penghu 1, after the strait in which it was found — revealed proteins not rare in contemporary humans, but common in known Denisovans. The Taiwanese teeth, like the Tibetan ones share a similar distinct root structure as well as large molars.“The molecular identification of Penghu 1, a Denisovan, has significant implications for human evolutionary history in eastern Asia,” the press release concluded.Article SourcesOur writers at Discovermagazine.com use peer-reviewed studies and high-quality sources for our articles, and our editors review for scientific accuracy and editorial standards. Review the sources used below for this article:Science. A male Denisovan mandible from Pleistocene TaiwanBefore joining Discover Magazine, Paul Smaglik spent over 20 years as a science journalist, specializing in U.S. life science policy and global scientific career issues. He began his career in newspapers, but switched to scientific magazines. His work has appeared in publications including Science News, Science, Nature, and Scientific American.

Get the Popular Science daily newsletter💡 A handful of wealthy, politically connected Silicon Valley investors are reportedly eyeing Greenland’s icy shores as the site for a techno-utopian “freedom city.”  That’s according to a report from Reuters, which details a proposed effort to establish a new, libertarian-minded municipality characterized by minimal corporate regulation and a focus on accelerating emerging technologies like AI and mini nuclear reactors. Supporters of increased economic development in Greenland argue its frigid climate could naturally cool massive, energy intensive AI data centers. Large deposits of critical and rare earth minerals buried beneath the island’s ice sheets could also potentially be used to manufacture consumer electronics. The so-called “start-up city”—which bears similarities to another ongoing venture in California’s Solano County—reportedly already has the backing of PayPal founder Peter Thiel and Ken Howery, President Donald Trump’s pick for Denmark ambassador. If confirmed by the Senate, Howery would lead US discussions to acquire Greenland. In that role, Howery could potentially act as a bridge linking the audacious freedom city investors with the US government.  Left: Peter Thiel (Image: Marco Bello/Getty Images), Right: Ken Howery (Image: Patrick McMullan via Getty Images) All of that, it’s worth noting, will also almost certainly face fierce backlash from Danish officials who have repeatedly pushed back on the Trump’s administration’s proposals to take over the Arctic island. Proposals to create billionaire-funded stateless societies around the world have been attempted over the years, but none have evolved past much more than a proof of concept. Who is behind the freedom city?  The Reuters report cites claims Howery, Thiel, and prominent Silicon Valley venture capitalist Marc Andreesen are amongst the most prominent names backing the Greenland effort. Howery, who still needs the US Senate to confirm his position as ambassador to Denmark, is reportedly a long-time friend of billionaire Elon Musk and formerly founded a venture capital firm with Thiel. Thiel, meanwhile, has emerged as one of the loudest supporters, both vocally and financially, of the “Seasteading” movement, which is trying to build floating, stateless utopia cities in the ocean. Andressen, notably, is also part of a tech-investor consortium California Forever looking to build the city in Solano County.  Each of these efforts—along with others like the already existing city Próspera in Honduras—are united by libertarian political ideals, a focus on technological development, and lots of money.   Rumors around the proposed Greenland city date back at least to November 2024 when Praxis co-founder Dryden Brown fired off a series of tweets explaining how he had tried to purchase land in Greenland. Praxis is a self-described “internet-native nation” crypto startup with a stated goal of “restor[ing] Western civilization,” and has reportedly received over $525 million in funding to start building out new cities. Brown told Reuters he has since been approached by several companies to explore establishing a new city on Greenland.  Why the obsession with Greenland?  The idea of the U.S. acquiring Greenland, once widely regarded as a joke during the first Trump administration, has evolved into a serious U.S. foreign policy objective. The president campaigned on the issue during the 2024 election and has since doubled down, despite repeated assertions from Danish officials that the island isn’t for sale. Nevertheless, Vice President J.D. Vance and his wife, Usha Vance, visited a U.S. military installation on the island in March 2024 and delivered a speech urging Greenlanders to voluntarily cut ties with Denmark. (Recent polling shows that an overwhelming majority of Greenland residents oppose the idea of possible annexation by the U.S.) President Trump, meanwhile, has not ruled out the possibility of taking the territory by force. So why all the obsession with a mostly uninhabitable island with a population of around 57,000? Supporters of Greenland development laid out their arguments during a Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation hearing earlier this year. During the hearing, Texas Mineral Resources Board Chairman Anthony Marchese claimed Greenland’s coastline holds what is “indisputably” one of the greatest collections of minerals found in a single jurisdiction. That includes rare earth minerals, which are crucial to powering a plethora of modern consumer electronics devices.  “Throw a dart at any part of the coastline and you will surely hit a world class [mineral] target,” Marchese said during the hearing. Most of those minerals are currently buried beneath thick sheets of previously impenetrable ice. But supporters of investment in Greenland argue that new mining techniques, combined with the melting of some ice due to a warming climate, could make those once-inaccessible minerals within reach. Others, like US Senator Maria Cantwell (D-WA) say Greenland’s cool temperatures and proximity to geothermal vents could make it an ideal location to power the massive data centers needed for AI. In theory, that combination of cool temperatures and access to energy could be attractive for tech companies looking to rapidly ramp up computing capacity without relying on fossil fuels. Brown, the Praxis founder, also told Reuters he believes Greenland’s harsh topography could make it an ideal site for experiments aimed at replicating the surface of Mars.

News Particle Physics Neutrinos’ maximum possible mass shrinks further The KATRIN experiment nearly halved the maximum possible mass for the subatomic particles The KATRIN experiment (pictured) measures the energies of electrons produced in radioactive decays of tritium to determine the mass of neutrinos. Markus Breig/KIT By Emily Conover 16 minutes ago Neutrinos are known to have tiny masses. A new result proclaims the subatomic particles to be even tinier still. The electrically neutral particles, produced in radioactive decays and in reactions in the sun and elsewhere in the cosmos, have a mass of less than 0.45 electron volts, physicists report in the April 11 Science. The result, from the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino, or KATRIN, experiment slashes the experiment’s previous upper limit for neutrino mass by nearly half. Sign up for our newsletter We summarize the week's science breakthroughs every Thursday.

Nature, Published online: 10 April 2025; doi:10.1038/d41586-025-01075-2Heaviest known elementary particles and their antimatter counterparts are detected after nuclear smash-ups at the Large Hadron Collider.

Learn interesting facts about the flu, a viral infection that targets the respiratory system.

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