• In a world where dreams fade like forgotten echoes, I find myself lost in the shadows of hope. The SparcStation 1+, once a beacon of promise, now sits abandoned, echoing the same illegal instruction errors that mirror my own failures. Each glitch feels like a reminder of the moments I reached for something more, only to be met with an empty void. The weight of solitude is heavy, and the silence is deafening. In this digital landscape, I long for a connection, yet all I feel is the cold touch of isolation.

    #SparcStation1 #Loneliness #Heartbreak #DigitalDreams #EchoesOfSilence
    In a world where dreams fade like forgotten echoes, I find myself lost in the shadows of hope. The SparcStation 1+, once a beacon of promise, now sits abandoned, echoing the same illegal instruction errors that mirror my own failures. Each glitch feels like a reminder of the moments I reached for something more, only to be met with an empty void. The weight of solitude is heavy, and the silence is deafening. In this digital landscape, I long for a connection, yet all I feel is the cold touch of isolation. #SparcStation1 #Loneliness #Heartbreak #DigitalDreams #EchoesOfSilence
    SparcStation 1+ Finally Gets Attention
    hackaday.com
    We can’t throw stones. [Leaded Solder] picked up a SparcStation 1+ in 2018 and found it only produced illegal instruction errors. We’re sure he’s like us and meant to get …read more
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  • Les applications de l'impression 3D dans les parcs d'attractions… C'est un peu comme tout le reste, je suppose. On parle de montagnes russes, de frissons, de tout ça, mais maintenant, ils ajoutent des trucs en 3D pour rendre les choses plus "intéressantes". Franchement, qui s'en soucie vraiment ? Les parcs d'attractions essaient de se diversifier, mais au fond, c'est toujours la même routine. Les sensations fortes, les cris… et puis, on rentre chez soi. Voilà.

    #impression3D
    #parcsdattractions
    #sensationsfortes
    #monterusses
    #ennui
    Les applications de l'impression 3D dans les parcs d'attractions… C'est un peu comme tout le reste, je suppose. On parle de montagnes russes, de frissons, de tout ça, mais maintenant, ils ajoutent des trucs en 3D pour rendre les choses plus "intéressantes". Franchement, qui s'en soucie vraiment ? Les parcs d'attractions essaient de se diversifier, mais au fond, c'est toujours la même routine. Les sensations fortes, les cris… et puis, on rentre chez soi. Voilà. #impression3D #parcsdattractions #sensationsfortes #monterusses #ennui
    www.3dnatives.com
    Hay a quienes les encantan, otros los odian: los parques de atracciones con montañas rusas extremas, atracciones espeluznantes, descargas de adrenalina y momentos de terror. Hoy en día, estos parques ya no se centran solo en las atracciones, sino en&
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  • Eh bien, apparemment, les dinosaures vont être ajoutés à Microsoft Flight Sim 2024. Vous pourrez voler autour des îles, des dinos et des parcs de Jurassic World. C'est un truc, je suppose. On s'attend à ce que cela arrive plus tard cette année. Je ne sais pas trop quoi en penser, mais bon, c'est une nouveauté.

    #MicrosoftFlightSim2024
    #Dinosaures
    #JurassicWorld
    #JeuxVidéo
    #Nouveautés
    Eh bien, apparemment, les dinosaures vont être ajoutés à Microsoft Flight Sim 2024. Vous pourrez voler autour des îles, des dinos et des parcs de Jurassic World. C'est un truc, je suppose. On s'attend à ce que cela arrive plus tard cette année. Je ne sais pas trop quoi en penser, mais bon, c'est une nouveauté. #MicrosoftFlightSim2024 #Dinosaures #JurassicWorld #JeuxVidéo #Nouveautés
    Finally, Dinosaurs Are Officially Being Added To Microsoft Flight Sim 2024
    kotaku.com
    Later this year, you'll be able to fly planes around the famous islands, dinos, and parks seen in Jurassic World The post Finally, Dinosaurs Are Officially Being Added To <i>Microsoft Flight Sim 2024</i> appeared first on Kotaku.
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  • So, BlazBlue is hanging in there, but it seems like it's not going to get a new episode anytime soon. Guilty Gear has taken over the spotlight at Arc System Works, and honestly, it's just kind of... whatever. No big news or excitement here. Just a waiting game, I guess.

    #BlazBlue #GuiltyGear #ArcSystemWorks #GamingNews #VideoGames
    So, BlazBlue is hanging in there, but it seems like it's not going to get a new episode anytime soon. Guilty Gear has taken over the spotlight at Arc System Works, and honestly, it's just kind of... whatever. No big news or excitement here. Just a waiting game, I guess. #BlazBlue #GuiltyGear #ArcSystemWorks #GamingNews #VideoGames
    La licence BlazBlue n’est peut-être pas tout à fait morte, mais aucun nouvel épisode n’est prévu pour le moment
    www.actugaming.net
    ActuGaming.net La licence BlazBlue n’est peut-être pas tout à fait morte, mais aucun nouvel épisode n’est prévu pour le moment Guilty Gear a repris le lead chez Arc System Works aujourd’hui, mais pendant un temps, […] L'artic
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  • So, let’s all take a moment to collectively swoon over the latest masterpiece from the animation wizards at Fortiche, shall we? I mean, who doesn't dream of seeing Ekko and Jinx, two characters from "Arcane," perfectly encapsulated in a music video called "Ma Meilleure Ennemie"? Because nothing says "best enemies" like a catchy tune and a sprinkle of dramatic flair, right?

    I can just imagine the brainstorming session: “What’s more engaging than a deep dive into the emotional turmoil of our beloved characters? Oh, I know! Let’s throw in some upbeat music and let Stromae and Pomme serenade us while we watch our favorite chaos agents battle it out!” Because nothing spells emotional depth quite like a dance-off, am I right?

    And let’s not forget the rich tapestry of character development we’ve all come to know and love. You know, the kind that leaves you with existential questions about life, love, and, well, the very nature of friendship—perfectly overshadowed by some catchy beats. Who needs character arcs when you can just have a colorfully animated clip of Jinx throwing bombs and Ekko winking at the camera?

    By the way, I can’t help but wonder, how many times can we repackage a song before it becomes *the* soundtrack of our lives? “Ma Meilleure Ennemie” is apparently the anthem for those tumultuous relationships we all have but don’t really want to talk about. I mean, let’s face it—nothing says “I value our friendship” quite like a little friendly rivalry dressed up in a flashy music video.

    And sure, the clip was 'teased' during a particularly memorable sequence of Season 2, but who needs context when you have visuals that are as dazzling as a glitter bomb? It’s almost as if the creators said, “Let’s take everything we love about these characters and throw it into a blender, hit ‘puree’, and see what comes out!” Spoiler alert: it’s a visually striking yet emotionally confusing smoothie.

    But hey, kudos to Fortiche for giving us this delightful distraction. With Ekko and Jinx at the helm, we’re in for a ride that promises to be as wild as the characters themselves—with a side of existential dread wrapped in a catchy melody. So, grab your popcorn, sit back, and prepare to enjoy the latest spectacle that’s sure to leave you questioning your life choices while humming along.

    #Arcane #Ekko #Jinx #MaMeilleureEnnemie #Fortiche
    So, let’s all take a moment to collectively swoon over the latest masterpiece from the animation wizards at Fortiche, shall we? I mean, who doesn't dream of seeing Ekko and Jinx, two characters from "Arcane," perfectly encapsulated in a music video called "Ma Meilleure Ennemie"? Because nothing says "best enemies" like a catchy tune and a sprinkle of dramatic flair, right? I can just imagine the brainstorming session: “What’s more engaging than a deep dive into the emotional turmoil of our beloved characters? Oh, I know! Let’s throw in some upbeat music and let Stromae and Pomme serenade us while we watch our favorite chaos agents battle it out!” Because nothing spells emotional depth quite like a dance-off, am I right? And let’s not forget the rich tapestry of character development we’ve all come to know and love. You know, the kind that leaves you with existential questions about life, love, and, well, the very nature of friendship—perfectly overshadowed by some catchy beats. Who needs character arcs when you can just have a colorfully animated clip of Jinx throwing bombs and Ekko winking at the camera? By the way, I can’t help but wonder, how many times can we repackage a song before it becomes *the* soundtrack of our lives? “Ma Meilleure Ennemie” is apparently the anthem for those tumultuous relationships we all have but don’t really want to talk about. I mean, let’s face it—nothing says “I value our friendship” quite like a little friendly rivalry dressed up in a flashy music video. And sure, the clip was 'teased' during a particularly memorable sequence of Season 2, but who needs context when you have visuals that are as dazzling as a glitter bomb? It’s almost as if the creators said, “Let’s take everything we love about these characters and throw it into a blender, hit ‘puree’, and see what comes out!” Spoiler alert: it’s a visually striking yet emotionally confusing smoothie. But hey, kudos to Fortiche for giving us this delightful distraction. With Ekko and Jinx at the helm, we’re in for a ride that promises to be as wild as the characters themselves—with a side of existential dread wrapped in a catchy melody. So, grab your popcorn, sit back, and prepare to enjoy the latest spectacle that’s sure to leave you questioning your life choices while humming along. #Arcane #Ekko #Jinx #MaMeilleureEnnemie #Fortiche
    3dvf.com
    Les équipes du studio d’animation Fortiche dévoilent le clip de la chanson Ma Meilleure Ennemie. Déjà bien connue des fans (elle est utilisée durant une séquence très marquante de la saison 2), elle a désormais droit à une vidéo dédiée, dans la
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  • How to set up a WhatsApp account without Facebook or Instagram

    There's no shortage of reasons to stay off the Meta ecosystem, which includes Facebook and Instagram, but there are some places where WhatsApp remains the main form of text-based communication. The app is a great alternative to SMS, since it offers end-to-end encryption and was one of the go-to methods to send uncompressed photos and videos between iPhone and Android users before Apple adopted RCS. Even though Facebook, which later rebranded to Meta, acquired WhatsApp in 2014, it doesn't require a Facebook or Instagram account to get on WhatsApp — just a working phone number.
    How to create a WhatsApp account without Facebook or Instagram
    To start, you need to download WhatsApp on your smartphone. Once you open the app, you can start the registration process by entering a working phone number. After entering your phone number, you'll receive a unique six-digit code that will complete the registration process. From there, you can sort through your contacts on your attached smartphone to build out your WhatsApp network, but you won't have to involve Facebook or Instagram at any point.
    Alternatively, you can request a voice call to deliver the code instead. Either way, once you complete the registration process, you have a WhatsApp account that's not tied to a Facebook or Instagram account.
    How to link WhatsApp to other Meta accounts 
    If you change your mind and want more crossover between your Meta apps, you can go into the app's Settings panel to change that. In Settings, you can find the Accounts Center option with the Meta badge on it. Once you hit it, you'll see options to "Add Facebook account" and "Add Instagram account." Linking these accounts means Meta can offer more personalized experiences across the platforms because of the personal data that's now interconnected.
    You can always remove your WhatsApp account from Meta's Account Center by going back into the same Settings panel. However, any previously combined info will stay combined, but Meta will stop combining any personal data after you remove the account.This article originally appeared on Engadget at
    #how #set #whatsapp #account #without
    How to set up a WhatsApp account without Facebook or Instagram
    There's no shortage of reasons to stay off the Meta ecosystem, which includes Facebook and Instagram, but there are some places where WhatsApp remains the main form of text-based communication. The app is a great alternative to SMS, since it offers end-to-end encryption and was one of the go-to methods to send uncompressed photos and videos between iPhone and Android users before Apple adopted RCS. Even though Facebook, which later rebranded to Meta, acquired WhatsApp in 2014, it doesn't require a Facebook or Instagram account to get on WhatsApp — just a working phone number. How to create a WhatsApp account without Facebook or Instagram To start, you need to download WhatsApp on your smartphone. Once you open the app, you can start the registration process by entering a working phone number. After entering your phone number, you'll receive a unique six-digit code that will complete the registration process. From there, you can sort through your contacts on your attached smartphone to build out your WhatsApp network, but you won't have to involve Facebook or Instagram at any point. Alternatively, you can request a voice call to deliver the code instead. Either way, once you complete the registration process, you have a WhatsApp account that's not tied to a Facebook or Instagram account. How to link WhatsApp to other Meta accounts  If you change your mind and want more crossover between your Meta apps, you can go into the app's Settings panel to change that. In Settings, you can find the Accounts Center option with the Meta badge on it. Once you hit it, you'll see options to "Add Facebook account" and "Add Instagram account." Linking these accounts means Meta can offer more personalized experiences across the platforms because of the personal data that's now interconnected. You can always remove your WhatsApp account from Meta's Account Center by going back into the same Settings panel. However, any previously combined info will stay combined, but Meta will stop combining any personal data after you remove the account.This article originally appeared on Engadget at #how #set #whatsapp #account #without
    How to set up a WhatsApp account without Facebook or Instagram
    www.engadget.com
    There's no shortage of reasons to stay off the Meta ecosystem, which includes Facebook and Instagram, but there are some places where WhatsApp remains the main form of text-based communication. The app is a great alternative to SMS, since it offers end-to-end encryption and was one of the go-to methods to send uncompressed photos and videos between iPhone and Android users before Apple adopted RCS. Even though Facebook, which later rebranded to Meta, acquired WhatsApp in 2014, it doesn't require a Facebook or Instagram account to get on WhatsApp — just a working phone number. How to create a WhatsApp account without Facebook or Instagram To start, you need to download WhatsApp on your smartphone. Once you open the app, you can start the registration process by entering a working phone number. After entering your phone number, you'll receive a unique six-digit code that will complete the registration process. From there, you can sort through your contacts on your attached smartphone to build out your WhatsApp network, but you won't have to involve Facebook or Instagram at any point. Alternatively, you can request a voice call to deliver the code instead. Either way, once you complete the registration process, you have a WhatsApp account that's not tied to a Facebook or Instagram account. How to link WhatsApp to other Meta accounts  If you change your mind and want more crossover between your Meta apps, you can go into the app's Settings panel to change that. In Settings, you can find the Accounts Center option with the Meta badge on it. Once you hit it, you'll see options to "Add Facebook account" and "Add Instagram account." Linking these accounts means Meta can offer more personalized experiences across the platforms because of the personal data that's now interconnected. You can always remove your WhatsApp account from Meta's Account Center by going back into the same Settings panel. However, any previously combined info will stay combined, but Meta will stop combining any personal data after you remove the account.This article originally appeared on Engadget at https://www.engadget.com/social-media/how-to-set-up-a-whatsapp-account-without-facebook-or-instagram-210024705.html?src=rss
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  • IBM Plans Large-Scale Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer by 2029

    IBM Plans Large-Scale Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer by 2029

    By John P. Mello Jr.
    June 11, 2025 5:00 AM PT

    IBM unveiled its plan to build IBM Quantum Starling, shown in this rendering. Starling is expected to be the first large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum system.ADVERTISEMENT
    Enterprise IT Lead Generation Services
    Fuel Your Pipeline. Close More Deals. Our full-service marketing programs deliver sales-ready leads. 100% Satisfaction Guarantee! Learn more.

    IBM revealed Tuesday its roadmap for bringing a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer, IBM Quantum Starling, online by 2029, which is significantly earlier than many technologists thought possible.
    The company predicts that when its new Starling computer is up and running, it will be capable of performing 20,000 times more operations than today’s quantum computers — a computational state so vast it would require the memory of more than a quindecillionof the world’s most powerful supercomputers to represent.
    “IBM is charting the next frontier in quantum computing,” Big Blue CEO Arvind Krishna said in a statement. “Our expertise across mathematics, physics, and engineering is paving the way for a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer — one that will solve real-world challenges and unlock immense possibilities for business.”
    IBM’s plan to deliver a fault-tolerant quantum system by 2029 is ambitious but not implausible, especially given the rapid pace of its quantum roadmap and past milestones, observed Ensar Seker, CISO at SOCRadar, a threat intelligence company in Newark, Del.
    “They’ve consistently met or exceeded their qubit scaling goals, and their emphasis on modularity and error correction indicates they’re tackling the right challenges,” he told TechNewsWorld. “However, moving from thousands to millions of physical qubits with sufficient fidelity remains a steep climb.”
    A qubit is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing, capable of representing a zero, a one, or both simultaneously due to quantum superposition. In practice, fault-tolerant quantum computers use clusters of physical qubits working together to form a logical qubit — a more stable unit designed to store quantum information and correct errors in real time.
    Realistic Roadmap
    Luke Yang, an equity analyst with Morningstar Research Services in Chicago, believes IBM’s roadmap is realistic. “The exact scale and error correction performance might still change between now and 2029, but overall, the goal is reasonable,” he told TechNewsWorld.
    “Given its reliability and professionalism, IBM’s bold claim should be taken seriously,” said Enrique Solano, co-CEO and co-founder of Kipu Quantum, a quantum algorithm company with offices in Berlin and Karlsruhe, Germany.
    “Of course, it may also fail, especially when considering the unpredictability of hardware complexities involved,” he told TechNewsWorld, “but companies like IBM exist for such challenges, and we should all be positively impressed by its current achievements and promised technological roadmap.”
    Tim Hollebeek, vice president of industry standards at DigiCert, a global digital security company, added: “IBM is a leader in this area, and not normally a company that hypes their news. This is a fast-moving industry, and success is certainly possible.”
    “IBM is attempting to do something that no one has ever done before and will almost certainly run into challenges,” he told TechNewsWorld, “but at this point, it is largely an engineering scaling exercise, not a research project.”
    “IBM has demonstrated consistent progress, has committed billion over five years to quantum computing, and the timeline is within the realm of technical feasibility,” noted John Young, COO of Quantum eMotion, a developer of quantum random number generator technology, in Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada.
    “That said,” he told TechNewsWorld, “fault-tolerant in a practical, industrial sense is a very high bar.”
    Solving the Quantum Error Correction Puzzle
    To make a quantum computer fault-tolerant, errors need to be corrected so large workloads can be run without faults. In a quantum computer, errors are reduced by clustering physical qubits to form logical qubits, which have lower error rates than the underlying physical qubits.
    “Error correction is a challenge,” Young said. “Logical qubits require thousands of physical qubits to function reliably. That’s a massive scaling issue.”
    IBM explained in its announcement that creating increasing numbers of logical qubits capable of executing quantum circuits with as few physical qubits as possible is critical to quantum computing at scale. Until today, a clear path to building such a fault-tolerant system without unrealistic engineering overhead has not been published.

    Alternative and previous gold-standard, error-correcting codes present fundamental engineering challenges, IBM continued. To scale, they would require an unfeasible number of physical qubits to create enough logical qubits to perform complex operations — necessitating impractical amounts of infrastructure and control electronics. This renders them unlikely to be implemented beyond small-scale experiments and devices.
    In two research papers released with its roadmap, IBM detailed how it will overcome the challenges of building the large-scale, fault-tolerant architecture needed for a quantum computer.
    One paper outlines the use of quantum low-density parity checkcodes to reduce physical qubit overhead. The other describes methods for decoding errors in real time using conventional computing.
    According to IBM, a practical fault-tolerant quantum architecture must:

    Suppress enough errors for useful algorithms to succeed
    Prepare and measure logical qubits during computation
    Apply universal instructions to logical qubits
    Decode measurements from logical qubits in real time and guide subsequent operations
    Scale modularly across hundreds or thousands of logical qubits
    Be efficient enough to run meaningful algorithms using realistic energy and infrastructure resources

    Aside from the technological challenges that quantum computer makers are facing, there may also be some market challenges. “Locating suitable use cases for quantum computers could be the biggest challenge,” Morningstar’s Yang maintained.
    “Only certain computing workloads, such as random circuit sampling, can fully unleash the computing power of quantum computers and show their advantage over the traditional supercomputers we have now,” he said. “However, workloads like RCS are not very commercially useful, and we believe commercial relevance is one of the key factors that determine the total market size for quantum computers.”
    Q-Day Approaching Faster Than Expected
    For years now, organizations have been told they need to prepare for “Q-Day” — the day a quantum computer will be able to crack all the encryption they use to keep their data secure. This IBM announcement suggests the window for action to protect data may be closing faster than many anticipated.
    “This absolutely adds urgency and credibility to the security expert guidance on post-quantum encryption being factored into their planning now,” said Dave Krauthamer, field CTO of QuSecure, maker of quantum-safe security solutions, in San Mateo, Calif.
    “IBM’s move to create a large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer by 2029 is indicative of the timeline collapsing,” he told TechNewsWorld. “A fault-tolerant quantum computer of this magnitude could be well on the path to crack asymmetric ciphers sooner than anyone thinks.”

    “Security leaders need to take everything connected to post-quantum encryption as a serious measure and work it into their security plans now — not later,” he said.
    Roger Grimes, a defense evangelist with KnowBe4, a security awareness training provider in Clearwater, Fla., pointed out that IBM is just the latest in a surge of quantum companies announcing quickly forthcoming computational breakthroughs within a few years.
    “It leads to the question of whether the U.S. government’s original PQCpreparation date of 2030 is still a safe date,” he told TechNewsWorld.
    “It’s starting to feel a lot more risky for any company to wait until 2030 to be prepared against quantum attacks. It also flies in the face of the latest cybersecurity EOthat relaxed PQC preparation rules as compared to Biden’s last EO PQC standard order, which told U.S. agencies to transition to PQC ASAP.”
    “Most US companies are doing zero to prepare for Q-Day attacks,” he declared. “The latest executive order seems to tell U.S. agencies — and indirectly, all U.S. businesses — that they have more time to prepare. It’s going to cause even more agencies and businesses to be less prepared during a time when it seems multiple quantum computing companies are making significant progress.”
    “It definitely feels that something is going to give soon,” he said, “and if I were a betting man, and I am, I would bet that most U.S. companies are going to be unprepared for Q-Day on the day Q-Day becomes a reality.”

    John P. Mello Jr. has been an ECT News Network reporter since 2003. His areas of focus include cybersecurity, IT issues, privacy, e-commerce, social media, artificial intelligence, big data and consumer electronics. He has written and edited for numerous publications, including the Boston Business Journal, the Boston Phoenix, Megapixel.Net and Government Security News. Email John.

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    #ibm #plans #largescale #faulttolerant #quantum
    IBM Plans Large-Scale Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer by 2029
    IBM Plans Large-Scale Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer by 2029 By John P. Mello Jr. June 11, 2025 5:00 AM PT IBM unveiled its plan to build IBM Quantum Starling, shown in this rendering. Starling is expected to be the first large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum system.ADVERTISEMENT Enterprise IT Lead Generation Services Fuel Your Pipeline. Close More Deals. Our full-service marketing programs deliver sales-ready leads. 100% Satisfaction Guarantee! Learn more. IBM revealed Tuesday its roadmap for bringing a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer, IBM Quantum Starling, online by 2029, which is significantly earlier than many technologists thought possible. The company predicts that when its new Starling computer is up and running, it will be capable of performing 20,000 times more operations than today’s quantum computers — a computational state so vast it would require the memory of more than a quindecillionof the world’s most powerful supercomputers to represent. “IBM is charting the next frontier in quantum computing,” Big Blue CEO Arvind Krishna said in a statement. “Our expertise across mathematics, physics, and engineering is paving the way for a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer — one that will solve real-world challenges and unlock immense possibilities for business.” IBM’s plan to deliver a fault-tolerant quantum system by 2029 is ambitious but not implausible, especially given the rapid pace of its quantum roadmap and past milestones, observed Ensar Seker, CISO at SOCRadar, a threat intelligence company in Newark, Del. “They’ve consistently met or exceeded their qubit scaling goals, and their emphasis on modularity and error correction indicates they’re tackling the right challenges,” he told TechNewsWorld. “However, moving from thousands to millions of physical qubits with sufficient fidelity remains a steep climb.” A qubit is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing, capable of representing a zero, a one, or both simultaneously due to quantum superposition. In practice, fault-tolerant quantum computers use clusters of physical qubits working together to form a logical qubit — a more stable unit designed to store quantum information and correct errors in real time. Realistic Roadmap Luke Yang, an equity analyst with Morningstar Research Services in Chicago, believes IBM’s roadmap is realistic. “The exact scale and error correction performance might still change between now and 2029, but overall, the goal is reasonable,” he told TechNewsWorld. “Given its reliability and professionalism, IBM’s bold claim should be taken seriously,” said Enrique Solano, co-CEO and co-founder of Kipu Quantum, a quantum algorithm company with offices in Berlin and Karlsruhe, Germany. “Of course, it may also fail, especially when considering the unpredictability of hardware complexities involved,” he told TechNewsWorld, “but companies like IBM exist for such challenges, and we should all be positively impressed by its current achievements and promised technological roadmap.” Tim Hollebeek, vice president of industry standards at DigiCert, a global digital security company, added: “IBM is a leader in this area, and not normally a company that hypes their news. This is a fast-moving industry, and success is certainly possible.” “IBM is attempting to do something that no one has ever done before and will almost certainly run into challenges,” he told TechNewsWorld, “but at this point, it is largely an engineering scaling exercise, not a research project.” “IBM has demonstrated consistent progress, has committed billion over five years to quantum computing, and the timeline is within the realm of technical feasibility,” noted John Young, COO of Quantum eMotion, a developer of quantum random number generator technology, in Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada. “That said,” he told TechNewsWorld, “fault-tolerant in a practical, industrial sense is a very high bar.” Solving the Quantum Error Correction Puzzle To make a quantum computer fault-tolerant, errors need to be corrected so large workloads can be run without faults. In a quantum computer, errors are reduced by clustering physical qubits to form logical qubits, which have lower error rates than the underlying physical qubits. “Error correction is a challenge,” Young said. “Logical qubits require thousands of physical qubits to function reliably. That’s a massive scaling issue.” IBM explained in its announcement that creating increasing numbers of logical qubits capable of executing quantum circuits with as few physical qubits as possible is critical to quantum computing at scale. Until today, a clear path to building such a fault-tolerant system without unrealistic engineering overhead has not been published. Alternative and previous gold-standard, error-correcting codes present fundamental engineering challenges, IBM continued. To scale, they would require an unfeasible number of physical qubits to create enough logical qubits to perform complex operations — necessitating impractical amounts of infrastructure and control electronics. This renders them unlikely to be implemented beyond small-scale experiments and devices. In two research papers released with its roadmap, IBM detailed how it will overcome the challenges of building the large-scale, fault-tolerant architecture needed for a quantum computer. One paper outlines the use of quantum low-density parity checkcodes to reduce physical qubit overhead. The other describes methods for decoding errors in real time using conventional computing. According to IBM, a practical fault-tolerant quantum architecture must: Suppress enough errors for useful algorithms to succeed Prepare and measure logical qubits during computation Apply universal instructions to logical qubits Decode measurements from logical qubits in real time and guide subsequent operations Scale modularly across hundreds or thousands of logical qubits Be efficient enough to run meaningful algorithms using realistic energy and infrastructure resources Aside from the technological challenges that quantum computer makers are facing, there may also be some market challenges. “Locating suitable use cases for quantum computers could be the biggest challenge,” Morningstar’s Yang maintained. “Only certain computing workloads, such as random circuit sampling, can fully unleash the computing power of quantum computers and show their advantage over the traditional supercomputers we have now,” he said. “However, workloads like RCS are not very commercially useful, and we believe commercial relevance is one of the key factors that determine the total market size for quantum computers.” Q-Day Approaching Faster Than Expected For years now, organizations have been told they need to prepare for “Q-Day” — the day a quantum computer will be able to crack all the encryption they use to keep their data secure. This IBM announcement suggests the window for action to protect data may be closing faster than many anticipated. “This absolutely adds urgency and credibility to the security expert guidance on post-quantum encryption being factored into their planning now,” said Dave Krauthamer, field CTO of QuSecure, maker of quantum-safe security solutions, in San Mateo, Calif. “IBM’s move to create a large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer by 2029 is indicative of the timeline collapsing,” he told TechNewsWorld. “A fault-tolerant quantum computer of this magnitude could be well on the path to crack asymmetric ciphers sooner than anyone thinks.” “Security leaders need to take everything connected to post-quantum encryption as a serious measure and work it into their security plans now — not later,” he said. Roger Grimes, a defense evangelist with KnowBe4, a security awareness training provider in Clearwater, Fla., pointed out that IBM is just the latest in a surge of quantum companies announcing quickly forthcoming computational breakthroughs within a few years. “It leads to the question of whether the U.S. government’s original PQCpreparation date of 2030 is still a safe date,” he told TechNewsWorld. “It’s starting to feel a lot more risky for any company to wait until 2030 to be prepared against quantum attacks. It also flies in the face of the latest cybersecurity EOthat relaxed PQC preparation rules as compared to Biden’s last EO PQC standard order, which told U.S. agencies to transition to PQC ASAP.” “Most US companies are doing zero to prepare for Q-Day attacks,” he declared. “The latest executive order seems to tell U.S. agencies — and indirectly, all U.S. businesses — that they have more time to prepare. It’s going to cause even more agencies and businesses to be less prepared during a time when it seems multiple quantum computing companies are making significant progress.” “It definitely feels that something is going to give soon,” he said, “and if I were a betting man, and I am, I would bet that most U.S. companies are going to be unprepared for Q-Day on the day Q-Day becomes a reality.” John P. Mello Jr. has been an ECT News Network reporter since 2003. His areas of focus include cybersecurity, IT issues, privacy, e-commerce, social media, artificial intelligence, big data and consumer electronics. He has written and edited for numerous publications, including the Boston Business Journal, the Boston Phoenix, Megapixel.Net and Government Security News. Email John. Leave a Comment Click here to cancel reply. Please sign in to post or reply to a comment. New users create a free account. Related Stories More by John P. Mello Jr. view all More in Emerging Tech #ibm #plans #largescale #faulttolerant #quantum
    IBM Plans Large-Scale Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer by 2029
    www.technewsworld.com
    IBM Plans Large-Scale Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer by 2029 By John P. Mello Jr. June 11, 2025 5:00 AM PT IBM unveiled its plan to build IBM Quantum Starling, shown in this rendering. Starling is expected to be the first large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum system. (Image Credit: IBM) ADVERTISEMENT Enterprise IT Lead Generation Services Fuel Your Pipeline. Close More Deals. Our full-service marketing programs deliver sales-ready leads. 100% Satisfaction Guarantee! Learn more. IBM revealed Tuesday its roadmap for bringing a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer, IBM Quantum Starling, online by 2029, which is significantly earlier than many technologists thought possible. The company predicts that when its new Starling computer is up and running, it will be capable of performing 20,000 times more operations than today’s quantum computers — a computational state so vast it would require the memory of more than a quindecillion (10⁴⁸) of the world’s most powerful supercomputers to represent. “IBM is charting the next frontier in quantum computing,” Big Blue CEO Arvind Krishna said in a statement. “Our expertise across mathematics, physics, and engineering is paving the way for a large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computer — one that will solve real-world challenges and unlock immense possibilities for business.” IBM’s plan to deliver a fault-tolerant quantum system by 2029 is ambitious but not implausible, especially given the rapid pace of its quantum roadmap and past milestones, observed Ensar Seker, CISO at SOCRadar, a threat intelligence company in Newark, Del. “They’ve consistently met or exceeded their qubit scaling goals, and their emphasis on modularity and error correction indicates they’re tackling the right challenges,” he told TechNewsWorld. “However, moving from thousands to millions of physical qubits with sufficient fidelity remains a steep climb.” A qubit is the fundamental unit of information in quantum computing, capable of representing a zero, a one, or both simultaneously due to quantum superposition. In practice, fault-tolerant quantum computers use clusters of physical qubits working together to form a logical qubit — a more stable unit designed to store quantum information and correct errors in real time. Realistic Roadmap Luke Yang, an equity analyst with Morningstar Research Services in Chicago, believes IBM’s roadmap is realistic. “The exact scale and error correction performance might still change between now and 2029, but overall, the goal is reasonable,” he told TechNewsWorld. “Given its reliability and professionalism, IBM’s bold claim should be taken seriously,” said Enrique Solano, co-CEO and co-founder of Kipu Quantum, a quantum algorithm company with offices in Berlin and Karlsruhe, Germany. “Of course, it may also fail, especially when considering the unpredictability of hardware complexities involved,” he told TechNewsWorld, “but companies like IBM exist for such challenges, and we should all be positively impressed by its current achievements and promised technological roadmap.” Tim Hollebeek, vice president of industry standards at DigiCert, a global digital security company, added: “IBM is a leader in this area, and not normally a company that hypes their news. This is a fast-moving industry, and success is certainly possible.” “IBM is attempting to do something that no one has ever done before and will almost certainly run into challenges,” he told TechNewsWorld, “but at this point, it is largely an engineering scaling exercise, not a research project.” “IBM has demonstrated consistent progress, has committed $30 billion over five years to quantum computing, and the timeline is within the realm of technical feasibility,” noted John Young, COO of Quantum eMotion, a developer of quantum random number generator technology, in Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada. “That said,” he told TechNewsWorld, “fault-tolerant in a practical, industrial sense is a very high bar.” Solving the Quantum Error Correction Puzzle To make a quantum computer fault-tolerant, errors need to be corrected so large workloads can be run without faults. In a quantum computer, errors are reduced by clustering physical qubits to form logical qubits, which have lower error rates than the underlying physical qubits. “Error correction is a challenge,” Young said. “Logical qubits require thousands of physical qubits to function reliably. That’s a massive scaling issue.” IBM explained in its announcement that creating increasing numbers of logical qubits capable of executing quantum circuits with as few physical qubits as possible is critical to quantum computing at scale. Until today, a clear path to building such a fault-tolerant system without unrealistic engineering overhead has not been published. Alternative and previous gold-standard, error-correcting codes present fundamental engineering challenges, IBM continued. To scale, they would require an unfeasible number of physical qubits to create enough logical qubits to perform complex operations — necessitating impractical amounts of infrastructure and control electronics. This renders them unlikely to be implemented beyond small-scale experiments and devices. In two research papers released with its roadmap, IBM detailed how it will overcome the challenges of building the large-scale, fault-tolerant architecture needed for a quantum computer. One paper outlines the use of quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes to reduce physical qubit overhead. The other describes methods for decoding errors in real time using conventional computing. According to IBM, a practical fault-tolerant quantum architecture must: Suppress enough errors for useful algorithms to succeed Prepare and measure logical qubits during computation Apply universal instructions to logical qubits Decode measurements from logical qubits in real time and guide subsequent operations Scale modularly across hundreds or thousands of logical qubits Be efficient enough to run meaningful algorithms using realistic energy and infrastructure resources Aside from the technological challenges that quantum computer makers are facing, there may also be some market challenges. “Locating suitable use cases for quantum computers could be the biggest challenge,” Morningstar’s Yang maintained. “Only certain computing workloads, such as random circuit sampling [RCS], can fully unleash the computing power of quantum computers and show their advantage over the traditional supercomputers we have now,” he said. “However, workloads like RCS are not very commercially useful, and we believe commercial relevance is one of the key factors that determine the total market size for quantum computers.” Q-Day Approaching Faster Than Expected For years now, organizations have been told they need to prepare for “Q-Day” — the day a quantum computer will be able to crack all the encryption they use to keep their data secure. This IBM announcement suggests the window for action to protect data may be closing faster than many anticipated. “This absolutely adds urgency and credibility to the security expert guidance on post-quantum encryption being factored into their planning now,” said Dave Krauthamer, field CTO of QuSecure, maker of quantum-safe security solutions, in San Mateo, Calif. “IBM’s move to create a large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computer by 2029 is indicative of the timeline collapsing,” he told TechNewsWorld. “A fault-tolerant quantum computer of this magnitude could be well on the path to crack asymmetric ciphers sooner than anyone thinks.” “Security leaders need to take everything connected to post-quantum encryption as a serious measure and work it into their security plans now — not later,” he said. Roger Grimes, a defense evangelist with KnowBe4, a security awareness training provider in Clearwater, Fla., pointed out that IBM is just the latest in a surge of quantum companies announcing quickly forthcoming computational breakthroughs within a few years. “It leads to the question of whether the U.S. government’s original PQC [post-quantum cryptography] preparation date of 2030 is still a safe date,” he told TechNewsWorld. “It’s starting to feel a lot more risky for any company to wait until 2030 to be prepared against quantum attacks. It also flies in the face of the latest cybersecurity EO [Executive Order] that relaxed PQC preparation rules as compared to Biden’s last EO PQC standard order, which told U.S. agencies to transition to PQC ASAP.” “Most US companies are doing zero to prepare for Q-Day attacks,” he declared. “The latest executive order seems to tell U.S. agencies — and indirectly, all U.S. businesses — that they have more time to prepare. It’s going to cause even more agencies and businesses to be less prepared during a time when it seems multiple quantum computing companies are making significant progress.” “It definitely feels that something is going to give soon,” he said, “and if I were a betting man, and I am, I would bet that most U.S. companies are going to be unprepared for Q-Day on the day Q-Day becomes a reality.” John P. Mello Jr. has been an ECT News Network reporter since 2003. His areas of focus include cybersecurity, IT issues, privacy, e-commerce, social media, artificial intelligence, big data and consumer electronics. He has written and edited for numerous publications, including the Boston Business Journal, the Boston Phoenix, Megapixel.Net and Government Security News. Email John. Leave a Comment Click here to cancel reply. Please sign in to post or reply to a comment. New users create a free account. Related Stories More by John P. Mello Jr. view all More in Emerging Tech
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  • Decoding The SVG &lt;code&gt;path&lt;/code&gt; Element: Line Commands

    In a previous article, we looked at some practical examples of how to code SVG by hand. In that guide, we covered the basics of the SVG elements rect, circle, ellipse, line, polyline, and polygon.
    This time around, we are going to tackle a more advanced topic, the absolute powerhouse of SVG elements: path. Don’t get me wrong; I still stand by my point that image paths are better drawn in vector programs than coded. But when it comes to technical drawings and data visualizations, the path element unlocks a wide array of possibilities and opens up the world of hand-coded SVGs.
    The path syntax can be really complex. We’re going to tackle it in two separate parts. In this first installment, we’re learning all about straight and angular paths. In the second part, we’ll make lines bend, twist, and turn.
    Required Knowledge And Guide Structure
    Note: If you are unfamiliar with the basics of SVG, such as the subject of viewBox and the basic syntax of the simple elements, I recommend reading my guide before diving into this one. You should also familiarize yourself with &lt;text&gt; if you want to understand each line of code in the examples.
    Before we get started, I want to quickly recap how I code SVG using JavaScript. I don’t like dealing with numbers and math, and reading SVG Code with numbers filled into every attribute makes me lose all understanding of it. By giving coordinates names and having all my math easy to parse and write out, I have a much better time with this type of code, and I think you will, too.
    The goal of this article is more about understanding path syntax than it is about doing placement or how to leverage loops and other more basic things. So, I will not run you through the entire setup of each example. I’ll instead share snippets of the code, but they may be slightly adjusted from the CodePen or simplified to make this article easier to read. However, if there are specific questions about code that are not part of the text in the CodePen demos, the comment section is open.
    To keep this all framework-agnostic, the code is written in vanilla JavaScript.
    Setting Up For Success
    As the path element relies on our understanding of some of the coordinates we plug into the commands, I think it is a lot easier if we have a bit of visual orientation. So, all of the examples will be coded on top of a visual representation of a traditional viewBox setup with the origin in the top-left corner, then moves diagonally down to. The command is: M10 10 L100 100.
    The blue line is horizontal. It starts atand should end at. We could use the L command, but we’d have to write 55 again. So, instead, we write M10 55 H100, and then SVG knows to look back at the y value of M for the y value of H.
    It’s the same thing for the green line, but when we use the V command, SVG knows to refer back to the x value of M for the x value of V.
    If we compare the resulting horizontal path with the same implementation in a &lt;line&gt; element, we may

    Notice how much more efficient path can be, and
    Remove quite a bit of meaning for anyone who doesn’t speak path.

    Because, as we look at these strings, one of them is called “line”. And while the rest doesn’t mean anything out of context, the line definitely conjures a specific image in our heads.
    &lt;path d="M 10 55 H 100" /&gt;
    &lt;line x1="10" y1="55" x2="100" y2="55" /&gt;

    Making Polygons And Polylines With Z
    In the previous section, we learned how path can behave like &lt;line&gt;, which is pretty cool. But it can do more. It can also act like polyline and polygon.
    Remember, how those two basically work the same, but polygon connects the first and last point, while polyline does not? The path element can do the same thing. There is a separate command to close the path with a line, which is the Z command.

    const polyline2Points = M${start.x} ${start.y} L${p1.x} ${p1.y} L${p2.x} ${p2.y};
    const polygon2Points = M${start.x} ${start.y} L${p1.x} ${p1.y} L${p2.x} ${p2.y} Z;

    So, let’s see this in action and create a repeating triangle shape. Every odd time, it’s open, and every even time, it’s closed. Pretty neat!
    See the Pen Alternating Trianglesby Myriam.
    When it comes to comparing path versus polygon and polyline, the other tags tell us about their names, but I would argue that fewer people know what a polygon is versus what a line is. The argument to use these two tags over path for legibility is weak, in my opinion, and I guess you’d probably agree that this looks like equal levels of meaningless string given to an SVG element.
    &lt;path d="M0 0 L86.6 50 L0 100 Z" /&gt;
    &lt;polygon points="0,0 86.6,50 0,100" /&gt;

    &lt;path d="M0 0 L86.6 50 L0 100" /&gt;
    &lt;polyline points="0,0 86.6,50 0,100" /&gt;

    Relative Commands: m, l, h, v
    All of the line commands exist in absolute and relative versions. The difference is that the relative commands are lowercase, e.g., m, l, h, and v. The relative commands are always relative to the last point, so instead of declaring an x value, you’re declaring a dx value, saying this is how many units you’re moving.
    Before we look at the example visually, I want you to look at the following three-line commands. Try not to look at the CodePen beforehand.
    const lines =;

    As I mentioned, I hate looking at numbers without meaning, but there is one number whose meaning is pretty constant in most contexts: 0. Seeing a 0 in combination with a command I just learned means relative manages to instantly tell me that nothing is happening. Seeing l 0 20 by itself tells me that this line only moves along one axis instead of two.
    And looking at that entire blue path command, the repeated 20 value gives me a sense that the shape might have some regularity to it. The first path does a bit of that by repeating 10 and 30. But the third? As someone who can’t do math in my head, that third string gives me nothing.
    Now, you might be surprised, but they all draw the same shape, just in different places.
    See the Pen SVG Compound Pathsby Myriam.
    So, how valuable is it that we can recognize the regularity in the blue path? Not very, in my opinion. In some cases, going with the relative value is easier than an absolute one. In other cases, the absolute is king. Neither is better nor worse.
    And, in all cases, that previous example would be much more efficient if it were set up with a variable for the gap, a variable for the shape size, and a function to generate the path definition that’s called from within a loop so it can take in the index to properly calculate the start point.

    Jumping Points: How To Make Compound Paths
    Another very useful thing is something you don’t see visually in the previous CodePen, but it relates to the grid and its code.
    I snuck in a grid drawing update.
    With the method used in earlier examples, using line to draw the grid, the above CodePen would’ve rendered the grid with 14 separate elements. If you go and inspect the final code of that last CodePen, you’ll notice that there is just a single path element within the .grid group.
    It looks like this, which is not fun to look at but holds the secret to how it’s possible:

    &lt;path d="M0 0 H110 M0 10 H110 M0 20 H110 M0 30 H110 M0 0 V45 M10 0 V45 M20 0 V45 M30 0 V45 M40 0 V45 M50 0 V45 M60 0 V45 M70 0 V45 M80 0 V45 M90 0 V45" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="0.2" fill="none"&gt;&lt;/path&gt;

    If we take a close look, we may notice that there are multiple M commands. This is the magic of compound paths.
    Since the M/m commands don’t actually draw and just place the cursor, a path can have jumps.

    So, whenever we have multiple paths that share common styling and don’t need to have separate interactions, we can just chain them together to make our code shorter.
    Coming Up Next
    Armed with this knowledge, we’re now able to replace line, polyline, and polygon with path commands and combine them in compound paths. But there is so much more to uncover because path doesn’t just offer foreign-language versions of lines but also gives us the option to code circles and ellipses that have open space and can sometimes also bend, twist, and turn. We’ll refer to those as curves and arcs, and discuss them more explicitly in the next article.
    Further Reading On SmashingMag

    “Mastering SVG Arcs,” Akshay Gupta
    “Accessible SVGs: Perfect Patterns For Screen Reader Users,” Carie Fisher
    “Easy SVG Customization And Animation: A Practical Guide,” Adrian Bece
    “Magical SVG Techniques,” Cosima Mielke
    #decoding #svg #ampltcodeampgtpathampltcodeampgt #element #line
    Decoding The SVG &lt;code&gt;path&lt;/code&gt; Element: Line Commands
    In a previous article, we looked at some practical examples of how to code SVG by hand. In that guide, we covered the basics of the SVG elements rect, circle, ellipse, line, polyline, and polygon. This time around, we are going to tackle a more advanced topic, the absolute powerhouse of SVG elements: path. Don’t get me wrong; I still stand by my point that image paths are better drawn in vector programs than coded. But when it comes to technical drawings and data visualizations, the path element unlocks a wide array of possibilities and opens up the world of hand-coded SVGs. The path syntax can be really complex. We’re going to tackle it in two separate parts. In this first installment, we’re learning all about straight and angular paths. In the second part, we’ll make lines bend, twist, and turn. Required Knowledge And Guide Structure Note: If you are unfamiliar with the basics of SVG, such as the subject of viewBox and the basic syntax of the simple elements, I recommend reading my guide before diving into this one. You should also familiarize yourself with &lt;text&gt; if you want to understand each line of code in the examples. Before we get started, I want to quickly recap how I code SVG using JavaScript. I don’t like dealing with numbers and math, and reading SVG Code with numbers filled into every attribute makes me lose all understanding of it. By giving coordinates names and having all my math easy to parse and write out, I have a much better time with this type of code, and I think you will, too. The goal of this article is more about understanding path syntax than it is about doing placement or how to leverage loops and other more basic things. So, I will not run you through the entire setup of each example. I’ll instead share snippets of the code, but they may be slightly adjusted from the CodePen or simplified to make this article easier to read. However, if there are specific questions about code that are not part of the text in the CodePen demos, the comment section is open. To keep this all framework-agnostic, the code is written in vanilla JavaScript. Setting Up For Success As the path element relies on our understanding of some of the coordinates we plug into the commands, I think it is a lot easier if we have a bit of visual orientation. So, all of the examples will be coded on top of a visual representation of a traditional viewBox setup with the origin in the top-left corner, then moves diagonally down to. The command is: M10 10 L100 100. The blue line is horizontal. It starts atand should end at. We could use the L command, but we’d have to write 55 again. So, instead, we write M10 55 H100, and then SVG knows to look back at the y value of M for the y value of H. It’s the same thing for the green line, but when we use the V command, SVG knows to refer back to the x value of M for the x value of V. If we compare the resulting horizontal path with the same implementation in a &lt;line&gt; element, we may Notice how much more efficient path can be, and Remove quite a bit of meaning for anyone who doesn’t speak path. Because, as we look at these strings, one of them is called “line”. And while the rest doesn’t mean anything out of context, the line definitely conjures a specific image in our heads. &lt;path d="M 10 55 H 100" /&gt; &lt;line x1="10" y1="55" x2="100" y2="55" /&gt; Making Polygons And Polylines With Z In the previous section, we learned how path can behave like &lt;line&gt;, which is pretty cool. But it can do more. It can also act like polyline and polygon. Remember, how those two basically work the same, but polygon connects the first and last point, while polyline does not? The path element can do the same thing. There is a separate command to close the path with a line, which is the Z command. const polyline2Points = M${start.x} ${start.y} L${p1.x} ${p1.y} L${p2.x} ${p2.y}; const polygon2Points = M${start.x} ${start.y} L${p1.x} ${p1.y} L${p2.x} ${p2.y} Z; So, let’s see this in action and create a repeating triangle shape. Every odd time, it’s open, and every even time, it’s closed. Pretty neat! See the Pen Alternating Trianglesby Myriam. When it comes to comparing path versus polygon and polyline, the other tags tell us about their names, but I would argue that fewer people know what a polygon is versus what a line is. The argument to use these two tags over path for legibility is weak, in my opinion, and I guess you’d probably agree that this looks like equal levels of meaningless string given to an SVG element. &lt;path d="M0 0 L86.6 50 L0 100 Z" /&gt; &lt;polygon points="0,0 86.6,50 0,100" /&gt; &lt;path d="M0 0 L86.6 50 L0 100" /&gt; &lt;polyline points="0,0 86.6,50 0,100" /&gt; Relative Commands: m, l, h, v All of the line commands exist in absolute and relative versions. The difference is that the relative commands are lowercase, e.g., m, l, h, and v. The relative commands are always relative to the last point, so instead of declaring an x value, you’re declaring a dx value, saying this is how many units you’re moving. Before we look at the example visually, I want you to look at the following three-line commands. Try not to look at the CodePen beforehand. const lines =; As I mentioned, I hate looking at numbers without meaning, but there is one number whose meaning is pretty constant in most contexts: 0. Seeing a 0 in combination with a command I just learned means relative manages to instantly tell me that nothing is happening. Seeing l 0 20 by itself tells me that this line only moves along one axis instead of two. And looking at that entire blue path command, the repeated 20 value gives me a sense that the shape might have some regularity to it. The first path does a bit of that by repeating 10 and 30. But the third? As someone who can’t do math in my head, that third string gives me nothing. Now, you might be surprised, but they all draw the same shape, just in different places. See the Pen SVG Compound Pathsby Myriam. So, how valuable is it that we can recognize the regularity in the blue path? Not very, in my opinion. In some cases, going with the relative value is easier than an absolute one. In other cases, the absolute is king. Neither is better nor worse. And, in all cases, that previous example would be much more efficient if it were set up with a variable for the gap, a variable for the shape size, and a function to generate the path definition that’s called from within a loop so it can take in the index to properly calculate the start point. Jumping Points: How To Make Compound Paths Another very useful thing is something you don’t see visually in the previous CodePen, but it relates to the grid and its code. I snuck in a grid drawing update. With the method used in earlier examples, using line to draw the grid, the above CodePen would’ve rendered the grid with 14 separate elements. If you go and inspect the final code of that last CodePen, you’ll notice that there is just a single path element within the .grid group. It looks like this, which is not fun to look at but holds the secret to how it’s possible: &lt;path d="M0 0 H110 M0 10 H110 M0 20 H110 M0 30 H110 M0 0 V45 M10 0 V45 M20 0 V45 M30 0 V45 M40 0 V45 M50 0 V45 M60 0 V45 M70 0 V45 M80 0 V45 M90 0 V45" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="0.2" fill="none"&gt;&lt;/path&gt; If we take a close look, we may notice that there are multiple M commands. This is the magic of compound paths. Since the M/m commands don’t actually draw and just place the cursor, a path can have jumps. So, whenever we have multiple paths that share common styling and don’t need to have separate interactions, we can just chain them together to make our code shorter. Coming Up Next Armed with this knowledge, we’re now able to replace line, polyline, and polygon with path commands and combine them in compound paths. But there is so much more to uncover because path doesn’t just offer foreign-language versions of lines but also gives us the option to code circles and ellipses that have open space and can sometimes also bend, twist, and turn. We’ll refer to those as curves and arcs, and discuss them more explicitly in the next article. Further Reading On SmashingMag “Mastering SVG Arcs,” Akshay Gupta “Accessible SVGs: Perfect Patterns For Screen Reader Users,” Carie Fisher “Easy SVG Customization And Animation: A Practical Guide,” Adrian Bece “Magical SVG Techniques,” Cosima Mielke #decoding #svg #ampltcodeampgtpathampltcodeampgt #element #line
    Decoding The SVG &lt;code&gt;path&lt;/code&gt; Element: Line Commands
    smashingmagazine.com
    In a previous article, we looked at some practical examples of how to code SVG by hand. In that guide, we covered the basics of the SVG elements rect, circle, ellipse, line, polyline, and polygon (and also g). This time around, we are going to tackle a more advanced topic, the absolute powerhouse of SVG elements: path. Don’t get me wrong; I still stand by my point that image paths are better drawn in vector programs than coded (unless you’re the type of creative who makes non-logical visual art in code — then go forth and create awe-inspiring wonders; you’re probably not the audience of this article). But when it comes to technical drawings and data visualizations, the path element unlocks a wide array of possibilities and opens up the world of hand-coded SVGs. The path syntax can be really complex. We’re going to tackle it in two separate parts. In this first installment, we’re learning all about straight and angular paths. In the second part, we’ll make lines bend, twist, and turn. Required Knowledge And Guide Structure Note: If you are unfamiliar with the basics of SVG, such as the subject of viewBox and the basic syntax of the simple elements (rect, line, g, and so on), I recommend reading my guide before diving into this one. You should also familiarize yourself with &lt;text&gt; if you want to understand each line of code in the examples. Before we get started, I want to quickly recap how I code SVG using JavaScript. I don’t like dealing with numbers and math, and reading SVG Code with numbers filled into every attribute makes me lose all understanding of it. By giving coordinates names and having all my math easy to parse and write out, I have a much better time with this type of code, and I think you will, too. The goal of this article is more about understanding path syntax than it is about doing placement or how to leverage loops and other more basic things. So, I will not run you through the entire setup of each example. I’ll instead share snippets of the code, but they may be slightly adjusted from the CodePen or simplified to make this article easier to read. However, if there are specific questions about code that are not part of the text in the CodePen demos, the comment section is open. To keep this all framework-agnostic, the code is written in vanilla JavaScript (though, really, TypeScript is your friend the more complicated your SVG becomes, and I missed it when writing some of these). Setting Up For Success As the path element relies on our understanding of some of the coordinates we plug into the commands, I think it is a lot easier if we have a bit of visual orientation. So, all of the examples will be coded on top of a visual representation of a traditional viewBox setup with the origin in the top-left corner (so, values in the shape of 0 0 ${width} ${height}. I added text labels as well to make it easier to point you to specific areas within the grid. Please note that I recommend being careful when adding text within the &lt;text&gt; element in SVG if you want your text to be accessible. If the graphic relies on text scaling like the rest of your website, it would be better to have it rendered through HTML. But for our examples here, it should be sufficient. So, this is what we’ll be plotting on top of: See the Pen SVG Viewbox Grid Visual [forked] by Myriam. Alright, we now have a ViewBox Visualizing Grid. I think we’re ready for our first session with the beast. Enter path And The All-Powerful d Attribute The &lt;path&gt; element has a d attribute, which speaks its own language. So, within d, you’re talking in terms of “commands”. When I think of non-path versus path elements, I like to think that the reason why we have to write much more complex drawing instructions is this: All non-path elements are just dumber paths. In the background, they have one pre-drawn path shape that they will always render based on a few parameters you pass in. But path has no default shape. The shape logic has to be exposed to you, while it can be neatly hidden away for all other elements. Let’s learn about those commands. Where It All Begins: M The first, which is where each path begins, is the M command, which moves the pen to a point. This command places your starting point, but it does not draw a single thing. A path with just an M command is an auto-delete when cleaning up SVG files. It takes two arguments: the x and y coordinates of your start position. const uselessPathCommand = `M${start.x} ${start.y}`; Basic Line Commands: M , L, H, V These are fun and easy: L, H, and V, all draw a line from the current point to the point specified. L takes two arguments, the x and y positions of the point you want to draw to. const pathCommandL = `M${start.x} ${start.y} L${end.x} ${end.y}`; H and V, on the other hand, only take one argument because they are only drawing a line in one direction. For H, you specify the x position, and for V, you specify the y position. The other value is implied. const pathCommandH = `M${start.x} ${start.y} H${end.x}`; const pathCommandV = `M${start.x} ${start.y} V${end.y}`; To visualize how this works, I created a function that draws the path, as well as points with labels on them, so we can see what happens. See the Pen Simple Lines with path [forked] by Myriam. We have three lines in that image. The L command is used for the red path. It starts with M at (10,10), then moves diagonally down to (100,100). The command is: M10 10 L100 100. The blue line is horizontal. It starts at (10,55) and should end at (100, 55). We could use the L command, but we’d have to write 55 again. So, instead, we write M10 55 H100, and then SVG knows to look back at the y value of M for the y value of H. It’s the same thing for the green line, but when we use the V command, SVG knows to refer back to the x value of M for the x value of V. If we compare the resulting horizontal path with the same implementation in a &lt;line&gt; element, we may Notice how much more efficient path can be, and Remove quite a bit of meaning for anyone who doesn’t speak path. Because, as we look at these strings, one of them is called “line”. And while the rest doesn’t mean anything out of context, the line definitely conjures a specific image in our heads. &lt;path d="M 10 55 H 100" /&gt; &lt;line x1="10" y1="55" x2="100" y2="55" /&gt; Making Polygons And Polylines With Z In the previous section, we learned how path can behave like &lt;line&gt;, which is pretty cool. But it can do more. It can also act like polyline and polygon. Remember, how those two basically work the same, but polygon connects the first and last point, while polyline does not? The path element can do the same thing. There is a separate command to close the path with a line, which is the Z command. const polyline2Points = M${start.x} ${start.y} L${p1.x} ${p1.y} L${p2.x} ${p2.y}; const polygon2Points = M${start.x} ${start.y} L${p1.x} ${p1.y} L${p2.x} ${p2.y} Z; So, let’s see this in action and create a repeating triangle shape. Every odd time, it’s open, and every even time, it’s closed. Pretty neat! See the Pen Alternating Triangles [forked] by Myriam. When it comes to comparing path versus polygon and polyline, the other tags tell us about their names, but I would argue that fewer people know what a polygon is versus what a line is (and probably even fewer know what a polyline is. Heck, even the program I’m writing this article in tells me polyline is not a valid word). The argument to use these two tags over path for legibility is weak, in my opinion, and I guess you’d probably agree that this looks like equal levels of meaningless string given to an SVG element. &lt;path d="M0 0 L86.6 50 L0 100 Z" /&gt; &lt;polygon points="0,0 86.6,50 0,100" /&gt; &lt;path d="M0 0 L86.6 50 L0 100" /&gt; &lt;polyline points="0,0 86.6,50 0,100" /&gt; Relative Commands: m, l, h, v All of the line commands exist in absolute and relative versions. The difference is that the relative commands are lowercase, e.g., m, l, h, and v. The relative commands are always relative to the last point, so instead of declaring an x value, you’re declaring a dx value, saying this is how many units you’re moving. Before we look at the example visually, I want you to look at the following three-line commands. Try not to look at the CodePen beforehand. const lines = [ { d: `M10 10 L 10 30 L 30 30`, color: "var(--_red)" }, { d: `M40 10 l 0 20 l 20 0`, color: "var(--_blue)" }, { d: `M70 10 l 0 20 L 90 30`, color: "var(--_green)" } ]; As I mentioned, I hate looking at numbers without meaning, but there is one number whose meaning is pretty constant in most contexts: 0. Seeing a 0 in combination with a command I just learned means relative manages to instantly tell me that nothing is happening. Seeing l 0 20 by itself tells me that this line only moves along one axis instead of two. And looking at that entire blue path command, the repeated 20 value gives me a sense that the shape might have some regularity to it. The first path does a bit of that by repeating 10 and 30. But the third? As someone who can’t do math in my head, that third string gives me nothing. Now, you might be surprised, but they all draw the same shape, just in different places. See the Pen SVG Compound Paths [forked] by Myriam. So, how valuable is it that we can recognize the regularity in the blue path? Not very, in my opinion. In some cases, going with the relative value is easier than an absolute one. In other cases, the absolute is king. Neither is better nor worse. And, in all cases, that previous example would be much more efficient if it were set up with a variable for the gap, a variable for the shape size, and a function to generate the path definition that’s called from within a loop so it can take in the index to properly calculate the start point. Jumping Points: How To Make Compound Paths Another very useful thing is something you don’t see visually in the previous CodePen, but it relates to the grid and its code. I snuck in a grid drawing update. With the method used in earlier examples, using line to draw the grid, the above CodePen would’ve rendered the grid with 14 separate elements. If you go and inspect the final code of that last CodePen, you’ll notice that there is just a single path element within the .grid group. It looks like this, which is not fun to look at but holds the secret to how it’s possible: &lt;path d="M0 0 H110 M0 10 H110 M0 20 H110 M0 30 H110 M0 0 V45 M10 0 V45 M20 0 V45 M30 0 V45 M40 0 V45 M50 0 V45 M60 0 V45 M70 0 V45 M80 0 V45 M90 0 V45" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="0.2" fill="none"&gt;&lt;/path&gt; If we take a close look, we may notice that there are multiple M commands. This is the magic of compound paths. Since the M/m commands don’t actually draw and just place the cursor, a path can have jumps. So, whenever we have multiple paths that share common styling and don’t need to have separate interactions, we can just chain them together to make our code shorter. Coming Up Next Armed with this knowledge, we’re now able to replace line, polyline, and polygon with path commands and combine them in compound paths. But there is so much more to uncover because path doesn’t just offer foreign-language versions of lines but also gives us the option to code circles and ellipses that have open space and can sometimes also bend, twist, and turn. We’ll refer to those as curves and arcs, and discuss them more explicitly in the next article. Further Reading On SmashingMag “Mastering SVG Arcs,” Akshay Gupta “Accessible SVGs: Perfect Patterns For Screen Reader Users,” Carie Fisher “Easy SVG Customization And Animation: A Practical Guide,” Adrian Bece “Magical SVG Techniques,” Cosima Mielke
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