My home network is a small miracle of backward compatibility, slinging data across 60-plus devices that span five generations of Wi-Fi. Everything on it, from my iPhone 15 Pro all the way down to my Nintendo Wii, manages to connect to the internet, most of it wirelessly through my router, with shockingly few issues. Thats possible because of Wi-Fis essentially unbroken line of interoperability that stretches from its 1999 introduction in consumer products through today.Wi-Fi devices do this by being shapeshifters. When two of them connect, the one using the newest generation of the standard will automatically switch to the highest Wi-Fi version the other one is equipped for. Making sure that works means lots of testing for compatibility, maintaining old parts of the standard, and coming up with new ways to make existing tech more viable. That approach has led to a level of backward compatibility and long-term device support that few gadgets or standards in the tech world can match.One reason Wi-Fi operates this way is the glacial transitions between generations of the standard. It can take a long time for a new version to proliferate see the 2022 Apple HomePod and its use of Wi-Fi 4, which debuted in 2009. And even when new products move forward old tech still lingers in homes and businesses everywhere. Netgears VP of product management, Sandeep Harpalani, says backward compatibility is intrinsic to Wi-Fi products that hew closely to the spec should have it by design. But they still need to be tested to make sure things work. In many cases, thats done by the Wi-Fi Alliance.The Wi-Fi Certified logo is an interoperability guarantee. Image: Wi-Fi AllianceAs of early 2024, the Wi-Fi Alliance was made up of more than 900 member companies, many of which submit their products to be tested and certified by independent, Wi-Fi Alliance-trained testing labs. According to a 2020 Wi-Fi Alliance testing guide, products that pass get a certificate that assures the end customer of interoperability with other standards-compatible networking equipment that also bears the Wi-Fi CERTIFIED logo. Basically, if you see that logo on a package, the product should work with any other Wi-Fi Certified device. Given that the Wi-Fi Alliance, formed in 1999 as the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance, has been certifying products for Wi-Fi interoperability since 2000, thats a long list of devices. Initial certification is optional, but once a product has been certified, the Wi-Fi Alliance enforces that certification by requiring that each product be retested after any changes are made that affect Wi-Fi functionality. Otherwise, the product risks losing its badge.Somebodys got an 85-year-old grandmother, and they want to have a network that just works.The certification process takes time, though, so some companies will forego the badge altogether. Amazon-owned mesh router company Eero is among those that skip the certification. Eero CEO Nick Weaver says that the company has a rigorous internal certification process and that it doesnt want to wait for external approval to ship its products.The last thing wed want to do, he says, is pull the product back for something that we knew was going to get fixed with a day-zero software update when a customer sets it up. Part of Eeros process is checking connections to outdated devices or emulating large numbers of gadgets connecting at once to make sure its routers can handle it. Similar to the Wi-Fi Alliances certification process, Weaver says Eero repeats its tests for every firmware update, too. Maintaining support matters for Eero because its routers are often handed down by customers whove replaced them with newer models, Weaver tells me. Somebodys got an 85-year-old grandmother, and they want to have a network that just works, he says.When there are compatibility issues, it usually comes down to the manufacturer of a given device, according to Maureen Gallagher, VP of marketing at the Wi-Fi Alliance. Gallagher says that, most often, if an older device wont connect, its not due to any disparity in Wi-Fi version. Instead, theyre usually uncertified devices that dont properly implement the Wi-Fi standard or use proprietary features that dont play well with other versions of Wi-Fi. So in those two instances, she says, the backward compatibility can be compromised, but thats very, very rare.Would I like a world where theres no 2.4GHz? Yeah, sureWhen things do go wrong and you see problems such as unusual congestion, Weaver says its often due to a poorly made device that doesnt always hear packets sent to it, prompting the router to try again, sometimes over and over. That eats up airtime and keeps other devices waiting, and it becomes quickly noticeable on the 2.4GHz band, which is the only band devices older than Wi-Fi 4 can use (barring the rare 5GHz-only 802.11a device, or what might have been called Wi-Fi 2 under the current Wi-Fi naming scheme) and has much narrower spectrum available compared to the 5GHz or 6GHz bands.If there is any threat to backward compatibility continuing, support for the 2.4GHz band is it. Harpalani says he wants to see a world where theres no 2.4GHz. Its a narrow band, and a single connection uses up half of the spectrum available to it. Its advantages start to slip as your neighbors 2.4GHz signals start gumming up the works-with-wireless interference. Thats why your streams look like garbage and your downloads start to crawl when you accidentally end up on that band.In fact, according to Gallagher, the certification stopped requiring 2.4GHz support with Wi-Fi 6, though she says 99 percent of certified products come with that support. But getting rid of it would break the Wi-Fi connection for essentially all devices predating Wi-Fi 4, which introduced 5GHz as a second band. It would also be devastating for smart homes, with Wi-Fi-enabled smart home products generally relying on the 2.4GHz band due to its lower power requirements and longer range. Those benefits are hard to leave behind. Even Harpalani doesnt see a future without it.That all adds up to Wi-Fi continuing to be the rare technology without major compatibility issues. Your new phone will work with your old router. And when you eventually upgrade that router to something better, all your devices will come along with it.See More:

While the outputs of large language models (LLMs) appear coherent and useful, the underlying mechanisms guiding these behaviors remain largely unknown. As these models are increasingly deployed in sensitive and high-stakes environments, it has become crucial to understand what they do and how they do it.The main challenge lies in uncovering the internal steps that lead a model to a specific response. The computations happen across hundreds of layers and billions of parameters, making it difficult to isolate the processes involved. Without a clear understanding of these steps, trusting or debugging their behavior becomes harder, especially in tasks requiring reasoning, planning, or factual reliability. Researchers are thus focused on reverse-engineering these models to identify how information flows and decisions are made internally.Existing interpretability methods like attention maps and feature attribution offer partial views into model behavior. While these tools help highlight which input tokens contribute to outputs, they often fail to trace the full chain of reasoning or identify intermediate steps. Moreover, these tools usually focus on surface-level behaviors and do not provide consistent insight into deeper computational structures. This has created the need for more structured, fine-grained methods to trace logic through internal representations over multiple steps.To address this, researchers from Anthropic introduced a new technique called attribution graphs. These graphs allow researchers to trace the internal flow of information between features within a model during a single forward pass. By doing so, they attempt to identify intermediate concepts or reasoning steps that are not visible from the models outputs alone. The attribution graphs generate hypotheses about the computational pathways a model follows, which are then tested using perturbation experiments. This approach marks a significant step toward revealing the wiring diagram of large models, much like how neuroscientists map brain activity.The researchers applied attribution graphs to Claude 3.5 Haiku, a lightweight language model released by Anthropic in October 2024. The method begins by identifying interpretable features activated by a specific input. These features are then traced to determine their influence on the final output. For example, when prompted with a riddle or poem, the model selects a set of rhyming words before writing lines, a form of planning. In another example, the model identifies Texas as an intermediate step to answer the question, Whats the capital of the state containing Dallas? which it correctly resolves as Austin. The graphs reveal the model outputs and how it internally represents and transitions between ideas.The performance results from attribution graphs uncovered several advanced behaviors within Claude 3.5 Haiku. In poetry tasks, the model pre-plans rhyming words before composing each line, showing anticipatory reasoning. In multi-hop questions, the model forms internal intermediate representations, such as associating Dallas with Texas before determining Austin as the answer. It leverages both language-specific and abstract circuits for multilingual inputs, with the latter becoming more prominent in Claude 3.5 Haiku than in earlier models. Further, the model generates diagnoses internally in medical reasoning tasks and uses them to inform follow-up questions. These findings suggest that the model can abstract planning, internal goal-setting, and stepwise logical deductions without explicit instruction.This research presents attribution graphs as a valuable interpretability tool that reveals the hidden layers of reasoning in language models. By applying this method, the team from Anthropic has shown that models like Claude 3.5 Haiku dont merely mimic human responsesthey compute through layered, structured steps. This opens the door to deeper audits of model behavior, allowing more transparent and responsible deployment of advanced AI systems.Check outthe Paper.All credit for this research goes to the researchers of this project. Also,feel free to follow us onTwitterand dont forget to join our85k+ ML SubReddit. NikhilNikhil is an intern consultant at Marktechpost. He is pursuing an integrated dual degree in Materials at the Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. Nikhil is an AI/ML enthusiast who is always researching applications in fields like biomaterials and biomedical science. With a strong background in Material Science, he is exploring new advancements and creating opportunities to contribute.Nikhilhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/nikhil0980/This AI Paper Introduces a Short KL+MSE Fine-Tuning Strategy: A Low-Cost Alternative to End-to-End Sparse Autoencoder Training for InterpretabilityNikhilhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/nikhil0980/This AI Paper Introduces FASTCURL: A Curriculum Reinforcement Learning Framework with Context Extension for Efficient Training of R1-like Reasoning ModelsNikhilhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/nikhil0980/This AI Paper Unveils a Reverse-Engineered Simulator Model for Modern NVIDIA GPUs: Enhancing Microarchitecture Accuracy and Performance PredictionNikhilhttps://www.marktechpost.com/author/nikhil0980/The Complete Beginners Guide to Terminal/Command Prompt

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Researchers have developed a virtual reality program that puts domestic abusers in the position of their victims and they say it seems to be working toward rehabilitating them.In reporting forThe London Times, crime reporter Rachel Sylvester said that she ended up having to remove the VR goggles because she "feared the male avatar was going to hit the female character I had become."With pilot programs in six prisons around Spain's Catalonia region, the VRespectMe program is meant to help men convicted of domestic abuse learn how the experience felt for their partners."We want to improve empathy in men who have been violent towards their partners," explained Nicholas Barnes, a government psychologist in Catalonia who developed the technology, in an interview with the Times. "The early results are positive, we can see a tendency towards improving empathy."Like Sylvester, many of the men involved in Barnes' program had visceral reactions to the virtual abuse they experienced."What are you doing?" the looming, pixelated abuser in Sylvester's simulation said as he approached her avatar. "Have you seen yourself in the mirror?... Theres not one woman out there who looks as wretched as you do right now, youre disgusting.""Arent you going to say anything?" the abusive avatar continued. "Typical you, I have to come home every day and look at your shitty face, that scared little puppy dog face."According to the Times, more than 1,000 men have participated in the program since Barnes introduced it to prisons. Some of them had been moved to tears during the experience and others, like the reporter, had to take off the headsets before the simulation was over.Along with the name-calling scenario the reporter tested, others developed by Barnes, in tandem with Spain's justice department and the University of Barcelona, include witnessing a sexual harassment interaction in a bar and, convolutedly, a conversation with a victim before turning into her and reliving the experience from her perspective.A man who'd taken part in the latter VR scenario told the English newspaper that it changed the way he thought about what he had done."I let myself be carried away by rage," the prisoner, who was not named, told his partner and then himself in virtuality. "I am aware of the damage I caused you. I let my anger get the better of me and I couldnt control myself. Now that I know I made a lot of mistakes I am very sorry."The discomfort from such interactions is clearly part of the program. It remains to be seen, as with other prison VR programs, how rehabilitative such tools really are.Share This Article

Were a passionate team on a mission to build products and solutions that enhance Jira and Confluencemaking teamwork easier and more effective.We have well established yet fast growing apps and are looking for tech savvy candidate to support our growing customer base.What we offer:International and remote first companyFlexible work hours. Work from home or wherever you feel comfortable (within min. 4 hours overlap to CET)Work and collaborate with highly motivated, experienced and supportive teamRemote work gears and gym membership to keep you in healthy shape25+ days generous paid time off per yearOpportunity to learn and grow within the company in different roles (e.g. product management, customer success, marketing etc.)Roles and responsibilities:This role requires experience in some, but not necessarily all, of the areas listed below, as flexibility and a willingness to learn and adapt across different functions are key.Conduct user interviews, analyze customer pain points, and gather feedback and feature requestsCreate prototypes and wireframes to visualize product concepts and UX flows using Figma or similar toolsProvide first level support for our Jira and Confluence apps and help customers to use, troubleshoot and succeed with our productsEnsure product quality through properly setup QA and validation process before each releaseCreate detailed documentation, how-to guides, articles, use-cases and other helpful resourcesYour profile:Proficiency in Figma and other design and prototyping tools.Ability to independently conduct thorough market research and analyze customer feedbackWilling to learn new technologies and adapt across different functionsAt least few years of work experience in product management, user experience (UX) design, QA or related roleTech-savvy with strong IT knowledge, a keen eagerness to learn, and a proactive attitude toward helping and problem-solvingBeing in a startup with a nimble and agile team, you will have an opportunity to be part of a growth engine and shape the future of the company.ApplyingPlease tell us a bit about yourself (interest, hobbies etc.) and why this opportunity resonates with you.Since we get tons of applications, only those with genuine interest and thoughtful engagement will be invited to interview.Apply NowLet's start your dream job Apply now

Hints and answers for the NYT Connections: Sports Edition puzzle, No. 196, for April 7.

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One of the new flagship AI models Meta released on Saturday, Maverick, ranks second on LM Arena, a test that has human raters compare the outputs of models and choose which they prefer. But it seems the version of Maverick that Meta deployed to LM Arena differs from the version thats widely available to developers. As several AI researchers pointed out on X, Meta noted in its announcement that the Maverick on LM Arena is an experimental chat version. A chart on the official Llama website, meanwhile, discloses that Metas LM Arena testing was conducted using Llama 4 Maverick optimized for conversationality.As weve written about before, for various reasons, LM Arena has never been the most reliable measure of an AI models performance. But AI companies generally havent customized or otherwise fine-tuned their models to score better on LM Arena or havent admitted to doing so, at least. The problem with tailoring a model to a benchmark, withholding it, and then releasing a vanilla variant of that same model is that it makes it challenging for developers to predict exactly how well the model will perform in particular contexts. Its also misleading. Ideally, benchmarks woefully inadequate as they are provide a snapshot of a single models strengths and weaknesses across a range of tasks.Indeed, researchers on X have observed stark differences in the behavior of the publicly downloadable Maverick compared with the model hosted on LM Arena. The LM Arena version seems to use a lot of emojis, and give incredibly long-winded answers.Weve reached out to Meta and Chatbot Arena, the organization that maintains LM Arena, for comment.

The NAB Show in Las Vegas was long the epicentre of breakthroughs in broadcast, media, and production technology. Once sprawling across the entire Las Vegas Convention Center and hosting over 100,000+ attendees, the show now presents a more focused and intense experience; this year, the Conference is expecting just over 60,000 visitors, but with attendees from 160 countries and filling only part of the South Hall. But while the scale may have shifted, the ambition certainly hasnt.Known for historic firsts like the debut of HDTV and the original unveiling of the RED Digital Cinema Camera, NAB remains the place Where Content Comes to Life. In 2025, the spotlight turns squarely toward innovation in AI, automation, and next-generation production tools. From real-time visual effects to AI-driven editorial workflows, the show reflects an industry rapidly evolving under the weight and potential of machine learning and intelligent automation.Here are some of the most interesting new technologies and tools that are reshaping post-production.Blackmagic DesignIn Las Vegas, Blackmagic Design has unveiled DaVinci Resolve 20, a significant update packed with over 100 new features, many of which are powered by AI. While the NAB show may be smaller this year, Blackmagics booth is showcasing some key transformative tools for post, -and AI is clearly taking the lead. This release brings a host of intelligent features designed to streamline workflows and enhance creative control.DaVinci Resolve 20Among the headline tools is AI IntelliScript, which can automatically generate timelines from a text script, effectively turning written dialogue into structured edits. AI Animated Subtitles adds a dynamic layer to captioning by animating words in sync with spoken audio, while AI Multicam SmartSwitch uses speaker detection to automate camera switching in multicam edits. Audio post also gets an upgrade with the AI Audio Assistant, which analyzes entire timelines and builds a professional mix without manual intervention.All of these features represent a deepening integration of AI into the DaVinci editing and finishing process as a practical assistant across real-world workflows. Beyond AI, DaVinci Resolve 20 introduces a new keyframe editor, voiceover recording palettes, expanded compositing capabilities in Fusion, and enhanced grading tools like Chroma Warp.DaVinci Resolve 20 is available now as a public beta from the Blackmagic Design website. We expect a lot of buzz around the booth this week, especially from those watching how AI is integrating into the editorial and finishing landscape.With the Blackmagic URSA Cine Immersive, the worlds first cinema camera designed to shoot for Apple Immersive Video and Apple Vision Pro (AVP) DaVinci Resolve Studio 20 also introduces powerful new features for Apple Immersive Video. Filmmakers can now edit, colour grade, mix Spatial Audio, and deliver Apple Immersive Video captured using the new Blackmagic URSA Cine Immersive camera.AdobeAt NAB 2025, Adobe has just unveiled powerful new updates to Premiere Pro and After Effects, with a strong emphasis on AI-driven features that enhance creative workflows and make editing smarter and faster.In Premiere Pro 25.2, Adobe introduces Firefly-powered Generative Extend, a tool that allows editors to seamlessly add extra 4K frames to a clip, which is perfect for fixing cuts that start too early or end too soon. Generative Extend works in the background as you continue editing, and it is powered by Adobes Firefly AI. It also importantly includes Content Credentials, providing transparency about when and where AI was used.https://www.fxguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Generative-Extend-Sizzle-VideoS.mp4Also debuting is Media Intelligence, an AI-based feature that simplifies finding the right shot. By automatically recognizing content, including objects, environments, camera angles, and dialogue. Editors can now search hours of footage using natural language queries. Editors can search for anything from close-ups of hands working in a kitchen to mentions of herbs and Premiere will surface relevant clips, transcripts, and metadata.As this AI analysis happens locally, theres no need for an internet connection, and Adobe emphasizes that no user content is ever used to train its models. Other workflow upgrades in Premiere include dynamic waveforms, improved colour management with drag-and-drop ease, coloured sequence labels, and expanded GPU accelerationsolid quality-of-life features requested by working professionals.In After Effects version 25.2 there is a new high-performance playback engine for faster previews, fresh 3D motion design tools, and support for HDR monitoring, pushing the boundaries of motion graphics and VFX workflows. Together, these updates mark a push from Adobe toward AI-assisted editing that doesnt replace the artist, but rather assists them, automating the repetitive, surfacing whats useful, and letting creators focus more on storytelling according to Adobe.Foundry: Nuke Stage Virtual Production ProductFoundry has announced Nuke Stage, a new standalone application purpose-built for virtual production and in-camera VFX (ICVFX). Designed to streamline workflows from pre-production through final pixels, Nuke Stage gives VFX artists end-to-end control over imagery and colour in a unified pipeline. The tool enables real-time playback of photoreal environments on LED walls, live compositing, and layout, using industry standards like OpenUSD, OpenEXR, and OpenColorIO.Nuke StageNuke Stage has afamiliar node-based interface consistent with Nuke, the new tool is built to deliver efficiency and flexibility for productions of all sizes. Developed in collaboration with the VFX and virtual production community, Nuke Stage fills a gap in on-set workflows by integrating VFX compositing tools into real-time production. Our hope is that Nuke Stage brings the expertise of VFX artists even closer to creative decision-making, said Christy Anzelmo, Chief Product Officer at Foundry. Industry professional Dan Hall of 80six called it a handshake between VFX and virtual production, while Framestores Connor Ling noted that familiarity with Nuke will build confidence in whats seen on the LED wall. Garden Studios Sam Kemp praised the ability to tweak 2D assets live, calling it something thats been missing from virtual production for a long time.Key features of Nuke Stage include real-time photoreal playback, live compositing, comprehensive colour support, and hardware-agnostic operation; with no specialized media servers,Nuke Stage runs on standard hardware. The tool supports 2D, 2.5D, and 3D content playback and allows teams to work in a linear, HDR-ready colour space using a consistent toolset from prep to post. As part of the Nuke ecosystem, Nuke Stage is designed to offer a seamless, efficient pipeline from the first frame captured on set through to the final delivery.NVIDIANVIDIA is showcasing Real-Time AI and Intelligent Media Workflows at NAB. NVIDIA is focused on the Blackwell platform, which serves as the foundation of NVIDIA Media2. This is a collection of NVIDIA technologies, including NVIDIA NIM microservices and NVIDIA AI Blueprints for live video analysis, accelerated computing platforms and generative AI software.NVIDIA Holoscan is also being shown for Media, as an advanced real-time AI platform designed for live media workflows and applications and their NVIDIA AI Blueprint for video search and summarization. These tools make it easy to build and customize video analytics AI agents.Cinnafilm Upconversion toolAdditionally, Cinnafilm and NVIDIA have partnered on a new AI-powered HD-to-UHD upconversion tool, which will be commercially available later this year inside Cinnafilms flagship conversion platform, PixelStrings and it is launching at the 2025 NAB Show this week. Combining Cinnafilms GPU-accelerated engine with a custom version of NVIDIA RTX AI Image Processing, the system delivers ultra-high-definition results in a single pass with what Cinnafilm says is 2530% greater detail than its current tools. Designed for speed, scalability, and top-tier visual quality, the new solution sets a fresh benchmark for media upscaling.DeepDubDeepdub has unveiled Deepdub Live, a real-time multilingual dubbing solution designed for live sports, esports, and breaking news coverage. DeepDub is audio only, but a significant step forward for broadcasters. Powered by the companys proprietary Emotive Text-to-Speech (eTTS) engine, Deepdub Live delivers expressive, emotionally nuanced voiceovers that the company claims are just like the native-language production. The eTTS system dynamically adjusts vocal tone, intensity, and energy to match the emotional cadence of live events, whether its the urgency of breaking news or the excitement of a sports final. Broadcasters can choose to use AI-cloned voices of original speakers or select from Deepdubs licensed voice bank, all cleared for broadcast and streaming. Built for enterprise deployment, the API-driven platform supports more than 100 languages and dialects, with ultra-low latency and frame-accurate synchronisation to ensure seamless, high-quality multilingual experiences in real-time.